ITEM 1.BUSINESS
Overview
Vivint Smart Home is a leading smart home platform company serving approximately 1.9 million subscribers as of December 31, 2022. Our brand name, Vivint, means to “to live intelligently” and our mission is to help our customers do exactly that by providing them with technology, products and services to create a smarter, greener, safer home that saves our customers money every month.
Although a number of companies offer single devices such as a doorbell camera, smart speaker or thermostat, single offerings do not make a home smart. Rather, a smart home has multiple devices, properly scoped and installed, all integrated into a single expandable platform that incorporates artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine-learning in its operating system.
We make creating this smart home easy and affordable with an integrated platform, exceptional products, hassle-free professional installation and zero percent annual percentage rate (“APR”) consumer financing for most customers. We help consumers create a customized solution for their home by integrating smart cameras (indoor, outdoor, doorbell), locks, lights, thermostats, garage door control, car protection and a host of safety and security sensors. As of December 31, 2022, on average, the subscribers on our cloud-based home platform had approximately 15 security and smart home devices in each home.
We provide a fully integrated solution for consumers with our vertically integrated business model which includes hardware, software, sales, installation, support and professional monitoring. This model strengthens our ability to deliver superior experiences at every customer touchpoint and a complete end-to-end smart home experience. This seamless integration of high-quality products and services results in an Average Subscriber Lifetime of approximately nine years, as of December 31, 2022. This model also facilitates our ability to offer adjacent products and services that leverage our existing platform and infrastructure, which we believe can extend the Average Subscriber Lifetime and increase the lifetime value we derive from our subscribers.
Our cloud-based home platform currently manages more than 27 million in-home devices as of December 31, 2022. Our subscribers are able to interact with their connected home by using their voice or mobile device—anytime, anywhere. They can engage with people at their front door; view live and recorded video inside and outside their home; control thermostats, locks, lights, and garage doors; and proactively manage the comings and goings of family, friends and visitors. The average subscriber on our cloud-based home platform engages with our smart home app approximately 15 times per day.
Our technology and people are the foundation of our business. Our trained professionals educate consumers on the value and affordability of a smart home, design a customized solution for their homes and their individual needs, teach them how to use our platform to enhance their experience, and provide ongoing tech-enabled services to manage, monitor and secure their home.
We believe that our unique business model and platform gives us a distinct advantage in the market through:
•a proprietary cloud-based platform,
•a differentiated end-to-end distribution model,
•strong growth with compelling unit economics, and
•multiple levers for sustained profitable growth.
As a result, we believe we can integrate new customer offerings from large adjacent markets that logically link back to our smart home platform, compounding the value that we already deliver to our approximately 1.9 million customers. With the large number of devices we have installed per home, we own a rich first-party data environment that helps us not only protect our customers, but also improve the efficiency of their homes and increase their peace of mind. We believe our unique focus on the importance of owning the entire technology stack, coupled with an end-to-end distribution model, leads to an exceptional customer experience. By continuously enhancing our platform, we can improve our customers’ experience wherever they interact with it. We believe that as our customers’ satisfaction increases, it creates multiple potential opportunities for sustained profitable growth for years to come.
Our integrated Smart Home business model generates subscription-based, high-margin recurring revenue from subscribers who sign up for our smart home services. More than 94% of our revenue is recurring, which provides long-term visibility and predictability to our business.
Recent Development
On December 6, 2022, Vivint Smart Home entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, by and among the Company, NRG Energy, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Jetson Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of NRG Energy, Inc., pursuant to which Jetson Merger Sub, Inc. will be merged with and into the Company with the Company surviving the NRG Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of NRG Energy, Inc.
Our Industry
The smart home market is an expanding global opportunity and in the early stages of broad consumer adoption. The connected home has a multitude of devices and requires a platform to coordinate them all within a single unified system. Integrating smart home devices from different manufacturers that were not designed to work together is difficult, and often results in an experience that is complex, inconsistent and unreliable. Moreover, do-it-yourself (“DIY”) solutions put a large burden on homeowners to install and support many devices themselves. Some DIY solutions also require a high upfront cost, which can be prohibitively expensive for certain customers, limiting their potential for mass adoption.
Just as developers of smart phone operating systems enabled entirely new kinds of applications and use cases for their mobile devices, we believe that our smart home operating system provides the foundation for the full smart home experience. We believe there is a significant opportunity for companies to provide an end-to-end smart home experience. A successful smart home company must be able to provide the following:
•An end-to-end solution with a comprehensive integration of technology and people;
•A cloud-enabled operating system that provides a seamless and intuitive smart home experience;
•A portfolio of compelling use cases orchestrated across multiple devices and leveraging artificial intelligence for adaptive and personalized automation;
•A broad suite of smart devices designed to work as part of a comprehensive smart home;
•An extensible platform complete with deep partner integrations of popular stand-alone devices;
•Local professional services to educate consumers and to install and support devices in every home; and
•A trusted relationship with consumers who expect their sensitive home data to be kept private.
We believe our fully integrated solution that provides end-to-end product, sales and service throughout the life of the customer successfully addresses all these key points of friction and positions us to drive broad consumer market adoption.
Our Smart Home Platform
We pioneered a comprehensive smart home platform and began installing connected home solutions in 2010. Our cloud-enabled smart home operating system delivers on the promise of a true smart home experience.
Some key benefits of our platform include:
Integrated smart home experiences. We have developed and launched over 15 proprietary devices since 2010, all designed to seamlessly integrate into a comprehensive smart home solution. The software inside these devices, in combination with our cloud-based software and mobile apps, comprises the smart home operating system that knits these elements together to intuitively enable otherwise complex use cases that help address real-world problems. For instance, when someone comes to the front door, the homeowner may want to let them into the house. This requires a doorbell camera, lighting, locks, the security system, and indoor cameras to all work seamlessly together. Our smart home operating system does just this, enabling a multitude of use cases in a simple and intuitive fashion.
Anywhere, anytime access. Our operating system securely manages real-time communications and allows users to interact with their homes from around the globe. In addition to in-home touchscreens and our comprehensive integrations with voice-control devices, we provide apps for Android and iOS mobile devices.
AI-driven automation. Our AI-driven smart home automation and assistance software uses the data from both our and partner devices to enable our subscribers to have a true smart home experience. Because our trained and experienced in-home service professionals (“Smart Home Pros”) install the right devices in the right places in the home, it enables us to collect superior data and generate unique insights. We believe that we have the broadest, deepest, and purest home activity dataset, which we use to understand the state of the home in real time. This enables us to intelligently manage the residence on the homeowners’ behalf, while still keeping them informed and in full control.
Our proprietary platform processes home events such as interactions with lights, locks, thermostats, touchscreens, voice-control devices, and door and motion sensors; thermodynamic data such as interior temperature and heating/cooling duty cycles; location data from mobile devices; and users’ interactions with the platform itself. Our software learns from key interactions, enriching our platform and making the smart home experience smarter. We believe that no other company is as well positioned to capitalize on the opportunity to make the true smart home a reality.
Privacy and security. Much of the information that our technology manages on our subscribers’ behalf, including sensor data, video, and the insights gleaned by our proprietary platform, is sensitive and private, and we take our responsibility to protect this information seriously. We use this data to make our products smarter and provide intelligent suggestions to homeowners based on their daily routines, such as asking to lock doors or close the garage doors. Our subscribers trust us to help them manage their homes, which we consider a unique relationship that we strive to strengthen.
Partner relationships. We allow a select number of third-party, standalone devices into our system when doing so enhances the smart home experience for our subscribers. These may be devices that have a large installed base or that have unique capabilities, such as voice assistants. Using the Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant integrations for example, subscribers can use their voice to control their lights, change the temperature, make sure their garage doors are closed, lock their doors, or perform other actions. Other product and technology partnerships include AT&T, Chamberlain, Google Nest, Kwikset, Verizon and a variety of Z-Wave-enabled device manufacturers.
Seamless integration and support. We ensure that all partner devices are seamlessly integrated into our smart home platform, and that we are able to manage and support them as well as our own proprietary devices. This curated, partner-neutral approach is designed to provide our subscribers with a worry-free, end-to-end experience from sale to installation through a lifetime of use and support.
Reliability. The smart home requires an operating system that is always-on, reliable, able to process large streams of incoming data, and protected by enterprise-grade security. We deliver new functionality continually, deploying regular updates to our software. We also push firmware updates to smart home devices throughout the year to deliver new functionality and improve device performance. We ensure that all of the mundane tasks of device management - security, firmware upgrades, telemetry, diagnostics, and more - are taken care of, so that the system is as reliable as possible.
Increased usability and intelligence. With the vertical integration of the development and design of our products and services with our existing sales and customer service functions, we believe we are able to more quickly respond to market needs, and better understand our subscribers’ interactions and engagement with our system. This provides critical data which allows us to improve the power, usability and intelligence of our products and technology.
Continuous innovation. Our Vivint Innovation Center headquartered in Lehi, Utah, and our research and development office in Boston, Massachusetts, focus on the research and development of new products and services, both within and beyond our existing offerings. Our innovation centers include people with expertise in all aspects of the development process, including hardware development, software development, design, and quality assurance. We believe that continuously improving the smart home experience will increase the lifetime value of our current subscribers and attracts new subscribers.
Our Products and Services
We have a layered strategy for pursuing growth and achieving our strategic vision. Our flagship product offering is our fully integrated smart home system. We believe customers are better served by having the right system scoped, installed, and monitored to meet the specific needs of their homes and families. But to provide a truly differentiated offering, the platform within the home must allow homeowners to do much more. It should enable them to benefit from new products and services that leverage their smart home ecosystem. As part of this strategy, we have begun investing in the development of two adjacent markets: smart energy and Smart Insurance.
Smart Home
Our smart home products are designed to work as part of an integrated system, with features and capabilities that are often not present in devices designed primarily for standalone purchase and use. Our broad device portfolio enables our subscribers to achieve a comprehensive experience, across the entire home.
Some of our key products include:
•Vivint Smart Hub - a 7-inch touchscreen hub that seamlessly connects all smart home devices and makes it easy to control the home.
•Vivint Smart Home App – a single mobile app to control all of the smart home devices in a comprehensive Vivint smart home.
•Vivint Doorbell Camera Pro – an AI-powered doorbell camera with advanced analytics and Smart Deter technology to intelligently detect packages and actively help protect them from porch pirates and other potential threats.
•Vivint Outdoor Camera Pro – an AI-powered security camera that uses advanced analytics and Smart Deter technology to intelligently detect and deter lurkers around the home.
•Vivint Indoor Camera – an indoor camera with two-way talk and one-touch callout so families can easily connect and communicate.
•Vivint Smart Thermostat – a thermostat that provides a new level of intelligence for temperature control and energy savings by integrating with all the door, window and motion sensors in a Vivint smart home.
•Vivint Car Guard – a first-of-its-kind service that allows homeowners to manage the security of both their home and car with a single app.
•Vivint Spotlight Pro – an enhancement of the Vivint Outdoor Camera Pro which adds intelligent lighting including smart deter technology by adding person tracking, enhanced lighting deterrence behaviors, and elegant, intelligent everyday outdoor lighting.
Our range of other devices, including smart locks, garage door control, door and window sensors, motion sensors, glass break detectors, key fobs, emergency pendants, smoke and carbon monoxide detectors and water sensors, extend the smart home experience to every part of the home, connecting users to their environments in new ways.
Smart Energy
In late 2020, we began operating as a third-party dealer for residential solar installers. As one of the first smart home companies to expand into solar energy, we are working to deliver deeper customer value by offering a comprehensive bundle that subsidizes the cost of smart home and helps protect customers from rising energy costs, while acting as better stewards of the environment. We intend to create a bundled offering of smart home and smart energy that integrates energy production and consumption data in the Vivint app, allowing customers to intelligently manage their home’s energy usage. We believe that bundling smart home with smart energy products and services presents an opportunity to provide significant incremental value to our customers and to save them money. We are approaching this opportunity through a dual path strategy that minimizes working capital requirements and is sales lead-based. In July 2021, we announced a partnership with Freedom Forever, one of the country’s leading solar installers. This partnership enables Freedom Forever to include a Vivint smart home system with each of its solar sales, which both parties believe will deliver immediate value to the customer, and lead to more smart home installations for Vivint.
In addition, through our partnerships with Freedom Forever and other solar installers, we can offer smart energy to our current customers, as well as new customers. Through these partnerships, we generated over 100 megawatts of installed solar power during 2022, bringing smart energy to approximately 10,000 homes. We believe this will continue to expand in the future as we begin offering a bundled solution in markets where customers are most likely to benefit from residential solar. Over time, we intend to integrate the production data from the solar panels with customer behavior patterns. As a result, we believe smart energy can drive meaningful savings to our customers that will reinforce the value of the Vivint platform, and do so in an environmentally friendly manner.
Smart Insurance
We began selling property and casualty insurance to a limited number of our customers in 2020. The property and casualty insurance market has been looking for a homeowner’s equivalent to the smart driving discount that auto insurance carriers deliver through their telematics solution in automobiles. We believe that Vivint has such a solution, given the rich first-party data that comes from our average customer interacting with such customer's system multiple times per day, and the numerous smart devices in such customer's home that help protect them against water damage, fire, and theft. In addition, customers have opportunities to receive a homeowner’s insurance discount by having a monitored security system as part of their smart homes. As we have engaged with industry leaders in the insurance space, they have shown significant interest in helping us create a home insurance solution that leverages our smart home ecosystem to save our customers money and mitigate the severity of claim events. We believe we can demonstrate to insurers that Vivint customers present a lower risk than homeowners without a smart home system or with a DIY system that was inadequately scoped, and installed or professionally monitored.
To date, we have operated as an agency, reselling insurance products from a few large carriers, selling approximately 8,800 insurance policies in 2022.
We are focused on accelerating our long-term growth through each of these adjacencies. Meanwhile, we will maintain the focus on our core smart home business, and consider these opportunities to be natural extensions of our core smart home
offering. We believe we have the tools, technology, and capabilities to not only deliver value through an elegant smart home experience, but to save our customers money through innovative energy and insurance solutions.
High-Performing Scalable Economic Model
We believe our end-to-end solution, long-term customer relationships, and subscription-based, high-margin recurring revenues drive significant lifetime value.
Our business is driven by the acquisition of new subscribers and by managing and retaining our existing subscriber base. In 2017 we launched Vivint Flex Pay, which enables qualified subscribers to purchase smart home devices with unsecured financing either through a third-party financing partner or through us, in most cases at zero percent APR. Vivint Flex Pay significantly reduced this upfront investment to acquire new subscribers and in turn dramatically improved our cash flows.
Our existing subscriber base generates predictable, high-margin recurring revenue (with approximately 79% net service margins for the year ended December 31, 2022) from our cloud-enabled smart home solutions. Our strategic priorities are focused on leveraging the increased customer satisfaction that results from the distinct advantage derived from our fully integrated platform, and strategic adjacencies such as smart energy and Smart Insurance, as discussed above. As we successfully execute on these strategic priorities, we believe we can extend our Average Subscriber Lifetime and increase the value of our customers over that lifetime.
We will continue investing in innovative technologies that we believe will make our platform more valuable and engaging for subscribers, and we intend to continue investing in new subscriber acquisition channels to further improve the economics of our business model. We will also continue working to introduce additional solutions to improve the lifetime value of our customers and the unit economics of our business, by continually enhancing the smart home experience and identifying additional adjacent in-home products and services that leverage our smart home platform and customer relationships.
Sales and Marketing
Our go-to-market strategy is based on directly educating consumers about the value and benefits of a smart home experience. We reach consumers through a variety of highly efficient customer acquisition channels, including our national inside sales and direct-to-home sales channels. Our nationwide sales and service footprint covers the majority of U.S. zip codes. Regardless of sales channel, our tech-enabled sales professionals always take a consultative approach to the sales process, educate potential subscribers on the benefits of smart home technology, and tailor a solution that serves each subscriber’s needs. This consultative sales process has enabled us to achieve a high adoption rate of our smart home solutions.
National Inside Sales
Our national inside sales channel provides a consultative experience for consumers who contact us. The inside sales channel generates leads through multiple sources, both digital and traditional, including paid, organic and local search, as well as display advertising. We believe that we will continue to experience growth in this channel as our brand awareness improves and customers’ understanding of the benefits of a smart home increases.
Direct-to-Home Sales
Our direct-to-home tech-enabled sales representatives provide an in-home consultative sale to help homeowners throughout the United States understand the benefits of a smart home. Markets are selected each year based on a number of factors, including demographics, population density and our past experience selling in these markets. We also have a program whereby a number of direct-to-home sales representatives reside in certain select markets and sell in those markets on a year-round basis. We expect the number of new subscriber contracts generated through this program to increase over time.
Marketing Strategy
Vivint’s national marketing efforts are anchored in our mission to redefine the home experience with technology and services to create a smarter, greener, safer home that saves our customers money every month. Our customer marketing and organic social teams are focused on prioritizing customers’ needs for education, technology improvements, world-class service, and a sense of community. We invest in certain marketing strategies which amplify the brand and awareness of our solutions, including through general paid media outlets. We also have exclusive brand naming rights for the Vivint Arena, home of the NBA’s Utah Jazz, through June 2023.
Field Operations
When it comes to creating a smart home experience, we believe many homeowners want and need professional help to set up their systems and to ensure that they are fully functional. We deploy Smart Home Pros throughout the United States to
provide professional installation and prompt tech-enabled services to our subscribers. In contrast to DIY solutions, we provide professional, white glove installation, followed by ongoing in-home service, customer support and 24/7 professional monitoring.
In addition to providing high quality installation and services, Smart Home Pros also deliver tailored in-home customer service. Our Smart Home Pros work together with customers to determine the most effective installation plan. Because of their experience and expertise, Smart Home Pros can offer recommendations for additional, industry-leading products to ensure the customer’s system provides the highest possible functionality and security. As part of the installation process, the customer is trained on how to use the system and Smart Home Pros work to answer any questions and address any customer concerns. We believe this customer-focused attention sets Vivint apart from our competition.
Customer Care and Monitoring
Our customer service team responds to non-emergency inquires related to service and billing. In many cases, they can remotely troubleshoot system issues, without the need to send a Smart Home Pro to the home. Our customer service centers operate 24/7 year-round and are fully redundant across multiple locations globally. We continue to improve our customer care offerings with online self-help tools and resources. Customer service representatives are required to pass background checks and receive extensive training.
Our two central monitoring facilities are located in Utah and Minnesota and act as primary backups for each other and operate 24/7 year-round, including on holidays. Our professional monitoring teams respond to medical, fire, flood, carbon monoxide and burglary alerts within seconds and relay appropriate information to first responders, such as local police, fire departments or medical emergency response centers. This is the highest accolade for central monitoring stations. All professionals who work in our monitoring facilities undergo comprehensive training and are required to pass background checks, and, in certain cases, licensing tests or other checks.
Our Customers
We had approximately 1.9 million subscribers in the United States as of December 31, 2022. Our business is not dependent on any single subscriber or a few subscribers, as such, the loss of any single subscriber or a few subscribers would not have a material adverse effect on the respective market or on us as a whole. No individual subscriber accounted for more than 1% of our consolidated 2022 revenue.
Subscriber Contracts
We seek to ensure that our subscribers understand their smart home system, along with the key terms of their contracts by conducting two surveys with every subscriber. The first survey, which is generally conducted via a video recording, occurs prior to the execution of the contract and professional installation, and the second survey is conducted electronically after the installation is completed. Each survey's results is stored in our subscriber relationship management software, enabling easy access and review.
Types of Contracts
When signing up for our Services, subscribers currently have the following three ways to pay for their Products: (1) qualified customers may finance the purchase of Products through a third-party financing provider (“Consumer Financing Program” or “CFP”); (2) we generally offer to a limited number of customers not eligible for the CFP, but who qualify under our underwriting criteria, the option to enter into a retail installment contract (“RIC”) directly with us or; (3) customers may purchase the Products at the outset of the service contract either by paying the full amount due at that time or to a lesser extent by obtaining short-term financing (generally, no more than six-months installment terms) through us (“Pay-in-Full” or “PIF”). We receive recurring revenue for Services on a month-to-month basis from these subscribers. When a subscriber signs up under the CFP program, we receive cash from the third-party financing provider (“Financing Provider”) for the subscriber’s purchase of products and the related installation costs less any upfront fees. Beginning in early 2021, all loans issued by Financing Providers will be originated through a line-of-credit (“LOC”), whereas previously most financing was provided through installment loans. The fee structures of our loans vary, depending on the Financing Provider and the type of Financing Provider loan (“Loans”). The fee structures of these Loans are generally one or more of the following:
•We pay a monthly fee based on either the average daily outstanding balance of the installment Loans, or the number of outstanding Loans;
•We incur fees at the time of the Loan origination and receive proceeds that are net of these fees;
•For certain loans, we also share liability for credit losses, with us being responsible for between 2.6% and 100% of lost principal balances; and
•We are responsible for reimbursing certain Financing Providers for merchant transaction fees and other fees associated with the Loans.
Term and Termination
Historically, we have generally offered service contracts to subscribers that range in length from 36 to 60 months, subject to automatic monthly renewal after the expiration of the initial term. A majority of new subscribers enter into 60-month contracts. As a result, the average initial contract length has increased over time, reaching an average of 50 months as of December 31, 2022. Generally when the customer pays for their Products upfront, we offer a month-to-month contract at the time of origination. Subscribers have a right of rescission period prescribed by applicable law during which such subscriber may cancel the contract without penalty or obligation. Generally, these rescission periods range from 3 to 30 days, depending on the jurisdiction in which a subscriber resides. As a company policy, we provide new subscribers 65 years of age and older a 30-day right of rescission. If the subscriber rescinds during the applicable rescission period under the terms of the contract, the subscriber is required to return the applicable equipment. Once the applicable rescission period expires, the subscriber is responsible for any unpaid contractual monthly service fees and amounts that remain due under their Vivint Flex pay agreement.
Other Terms
We generally provide our subscribers with maintenance services free of charge for the first 120 days of their subscription. We also generally replace or repair defective smart home devices free of charge, excluding the cost of any service visit, during the first five years of their subscription. For certain longer-tenured customers still on older subscription agreement version, we provide these no-charge replacements and repairs, excluding the cost of any service visit, free of charge during their entire subscription term. If a utility or governmental agency requires a change to our platform or tech-enabled service after the installation of the system, the subscriber may be charged for the equipment and labor associated with the required change. We also charge subscribers a monthly fee related to the cost of maintaining our cellular communication network.
We do not provide insurance or warrant that the system will prevent a burglary, fire, hold-up or any similar event. Our contracts limit our liability to a maximum of $2,000 per event and, where permissible, provide a one-year statute of limitations to file an action against us. We may cease or suspend tech-enabled monitoring and repair service due to, among other things, work stoppages, weather, phone service interruption, government requirements, subscriber bankruptcy or non-payment by subscribers after we have given notice that their service is being canceled due to such non-payment.
Billing and Collections
A majority of our subscribers pay for our Services electronically either via ACH, credit or debit card, with approximately 89% paying electronically as of December 31, 2022. Our subscribers billed via direct invoice can be billed on any day of the month, with payment due 15 days subsequent to the invoice date. Subscribers are billed in advance for their monthly services based on their billing cycle and not calendar month. In those jurisdictions where we are entitled to do so by law, we charge late fees to subscribers whose accounts are more than 10 days past due.
Intellectual Property
Patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other proprietary rights are important to our business and we continually refine our intellectual property strategy to maintain and improve our competitive position. We seek to protect new intellectual property to safeguard our ongoing technological innovations and strengthen our brand, and we believe we take appropriate action against infringements or misappropriations of our intellectual property rights by others. We review third-party intellectual property rights to help avoid infringement, and to identify strategic opportunities. We typically enter into confidentiality agreements to further protect our intellectual property.
As of December 31, 2022, our portfolio of patents consists of approximately 422 issued patents and numerous additional pending-patent applications that relate to a variety of smart home, security and other technologies utilized in our business. We also own a portfolio of trademarks and are a licensee of various patents from our third-party suppliers and technology partners.
Competition
The smart home industry is highly competitive and fragmented. Our major competitors range from large-cap technology companies (e.g., Amazon and Google) which predominantly offer DIY devices to expand their core market opportunity, to security-based providers such as ADT, Alarm.com, Brinks, FrontPoint, Guardian and SimpliSafe. We also face competition from industrial and telecommunications companies that offer connected home experiences such as Arlo, Comcast Xfinity Home, Cox Communications, Honeywell, Resideo and Samsung. Historically, the vast majority of companies have not offered comprehensive smart home solutions and accompanying services that meet the growing requirements of households.
We believe we compete effectively with each of our competitors and are uniquely positioned due to our proprietary cloud-based platform and differentiated end-to-end business model. However, we expect competition to intensify in the future as we face increasing competition from competitors who are building their own smart home platforms, such as Amazon, Apple and Google, as well as from companies that offer single-point connected devices. Having installed more than 3.5 million smart home and security systems, we believe we are well positioned to compete. We benefit from more than 23 years of experience; our efficient direct-to-home and inside sales channels; integrated smart home platform; innovative products; and our award-winning customer service. We also believe that our recently announced smart energy and Smart Insurance initiatives, which we intend to continue developing and expanding, will provide greater differentiation relative to our competitors.
Government Regulations
We are subject to a variety of laws, regulations and licensing requirements of federal, state and local authorities.
We are also required to obtain various licenses and permits from state and local authorities in connection with the operation of our businesses. The majority of states regulate in some manner the sale, installation, servicing, monitoring or maintenance of smart home and electronic security systems. In the states that do regulate such activity, our company and our employees are typically required to obtain and maintain licenses, certifications or similar permits from the state as a condition to engaging in the smart home and security services business. Our insurance business is also subject to state laws and regulations related to the sale of insurance products, including licensing requirements at both the employee and entity level.
A minority of states and require a seller of residential solar systems to obtain a home improvement license. Our employees who close solar system sales in those states typically obtain and maintain such licenses as a condition for engaging in those sales activities.
In addition, a number of local governmental authorities have adopted ordinances regulating the activities of security service companies, typically in an effort to reduce the number of false alarms in their jurisdictions. These ordinances attempt to reduce false alarms by, among other things, requiring permits for individual electronic security systems, imposing fines (on either the subscriber or the company) for false alarms, discontinuing police response to notification of an alarm activation after a subscriber has had a certain number of false alarms, and requiring various types of verification prior to dispatching authorities.
Our sales, marketing and payment collection practices are regulated by federal, state and local agencies. These laws and regulations typically place restrictions on the manner in which products and services can be advertised and sold, provide residential purchasers with certain rescission rights, and govern how we process payments and collect amounts due under our subscriber agreements. In certain circumstances, consumer protection laws also require the disclosure of certain information in the contract with our subscriber and, in addition, may prohibit the inclusion of certain terms or conditions of sale in such contracts. Many local governments regulate direct-to-home sales activities and contract terms and require that salespeople and the company on whose behalf the salesperson is selling obtain licenses to carry on business in that municipality.
In addition, the CFP and RICs are subject to federal and state laws. These laws primarily require that consumer financing contracts include or be accompanied by certain prescribed disclosures, but these laws also may place limitations on particular fees and charges, and require licensing or registration of the party extending consumer credit. Vivint and our financing partners providing third-party consumer financing under Vivint Flex Pay are responsible for compliance with such laws applicable to Vivint Flex Pay, and we are solely responsible for compliance with such federal and state laws regulating RICs.
We are required to comply with the growing number of federal and state privacy-related laws and their implementing regulations, including the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), the California Consumer Privacy Act, the California Privacy Rights Act, the California Financial Information Privacy Act and the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act. These laws and regulations regulate the company’s use of consumer personal information, financial information and consumer report information. The company’s privacy practices with regard to this information are explained in our privacy policies and notices published on our website.
Various aspects of Vivint’s products and services are regulated by federal, state, and local authorities. These regulations typically focus on product safety and consumer protection, such as various end-of-life battery replacement regulations and regulations about sealed battery detectors.
Data Privacy and Security
In the course of our operations, we gather, process, transmit and store subscriber information, including personal, payment, credit, financial and other confidential and private information. We may use this information for operational and marketing purposes in the course of operating our business. Our collection, retention, transfer, storage, use, processing, disclosure, and security of this information are governed by U.S. laws and regulations relating to privacy and data security, industry standards and protocols, or it may be asserted that such industry standards or protocols apply to us. In the United States, federal and various states have adopted or are considering adopting laws and regulations limiting, or laws and regulations regarding the collection, retention, transfer, storage, and use, processing, disclosure, and security of certain categories of information. These new laws and regulations may also impact the way we design and develop new technology solutions and the way we sell and market our products and services. Some of these requirements include obligations of companies to notify individuals of security breaches involving particular personal information, which could result from exploitation of a vulnerability in our systems or services, or from breaches experienced by our service providers and/or partners. We are also subject to state and federal laws and regulations regarding telemarketing and other telephonic communications and state and federal laws regarding unsolicited commercial emails, as well as regulations relating to automated telemarketing calls, texts or SMS messages.
Many jurisdictions have established their own data security and privacy legal and regulatory frameworks with which we or our vendors or partners must comply to the extent our operations expand into these geographies or the laws and regulations in these frameworks otherwise may be interpreted to apply to us. Laws and regulations in these jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, storage, disclosure and security of data that identifies or may be used to identify or locate an individual, such as names, email addresses, mailing addresses, financial account numbers, and, in some jurisdictions, internet protocol addresses. We are also bound by contractual requirements relating to privacy and data security, and may agree to additional contractual requirements addressing these matters from time to time.
Seasonality
Our direct-to-home sales are seasonal in nature with a substantial majority of our new customer originations generally during a sales season from April through August. We make investments in the recruitment of our direct-to-home sales force and the inventory prior to each sales season. We experience increases in subscriber contract costs during these time periods.
The management of our sales channels has historically resulted in a consistent sales pattern that enables us to more accurately forecast customer originations.
Human Capital Management
As a smart home platform company that provides home services to our customers, we know that our success relies heavily on our ability to attract, develop and retain top talent who are committed to delivering the peace of mind our customers expect. We recognize that delivering this peace of mind means we must understand the needs of our diverse customer base and the communities we serve across the U.S. The best way to do this is to employ top talent with diverse backgrounds, perspectives and experience that can connect with our customer’s needs.
As of December 31, 2022, we employed approximately 11,800 people including our seasonal direct sales and installation force, of which most were employed in the United States.
We place a premium on inclusion and strive to continually engage employees on ways to fully realize our core value of “We Win Together.” We believe this is a critical component of our strategy for attracting and retaining talent. One way we accomplish this is through Employee Resource Groups (“ERG”s), including Vivint Pride, Vivint Veterans, Vivint Women and Vivint Ethnically Diverse, as well as our Diversity Council. Our ERG programs are organized by employees with diverse backgrounds, experiences or characteristics who share a common interest in professional development, improving corporate culture and delivering sustained business results. We use these groups to provide guidance to the organization on opportunities to improve inclusion across Vivint, to provide mentorship opportunities for our employee base, and to support the acquisition of diverse talent internally and externally. Each ERG is sponsored and supported by senior leaders across the enterprise. Approximately 40% of our employee base self identifies as ethnically diverse and approximately 19% of our employee base self identifies as female.
Attracting talent
Attracting top talent starts at the candidate pipeline stage. Our talent acquisition team works closely with managers to develop job descriptions that are inclusive, to attract a broad spectrum of candidates. We work with many groups and networks including universities, alumni networks, job boards, diverse affinity groups, Utah’s Women Tech Council and veterans groups in order to cast a wide net to identify a diverse slate of qualified candidates.
Developing Talent
We are committed to the continued development of our employees. We rely heavily on learning through stretch assignments, projects and other on-the-job opportunities while layering in mentoring, coaching, and formal training as appropriate to facilitate talent development. Strategic talent reviews and succession planning occur on a planned annual cadence across all business areas. The CEO and Senior Vice President, People and Culture hold meetings with the executive leadership team to identify critical organizational capabilities, review top talent readiness, identify developmental opportunities for our people, and develop action plans to mitigate retention risks and talent gaps. This approach has enabled us to continue providing formal career growth to our internal employees with approximately 74% of open management positions being filled internally in 2022.
Retaining Talent
An important component of retention is a competitive total rewards package which includes:
•Competitive compensation that incentivizes performance
•Proactive market assessments to benchmark our compensation against peer group to ensure we remain competitive against the market
•Comprehensive health insurance coverage
•On-site clinic for employees located close to the Provo headquarters, which delivers personalized health care and wellness solutions, including access to mental health professionals at a nominal cost
•Life insurance and disability leave
•Free and unlimited mental health support for all employees
•401(k) matching with no vesting requirements
•Paid parental leaves for birth, adoption, or foster placement
•Paid Time Off for our hourly employees and unlimited paid time away for our salaried employees
While a competitive total rewards program provides a solid foundation for retention, we believe it is critical to continually focus on employee experience. Employee experience starts at the candidate stage and continues through training, developmental experiences, interactions with their leaders in formal and informal engagements and even termination experience. Our leaders hold regular one-on-one meetings, where leaders take time to connect with their employees, and to understand what is working well for them and areas for improvement and development. We also conduct an annual company-wide engagement survey and pulse surveys throughout the year to seek feedback from our employees on a variety of topics including, how the Company meets the employee's essential needs, how the work gets done and how people feel about the Company and leadership. We then develop plans to address opportunities for improvement, based on the survey results.
Health and Safety
We are committed to providing a safe and healthy environment for all our employees. This requires us to identify the specific hazards within the unique working environments of our sales, service, installation and corporate operations. We use leading indicators reported through Job Safety Analysis and Job Safety Observation (audits) to provide an assessment of prevailing hazards identified on the job. Both indicators provide leaders with data that enables real-time coaching and engagement conversations while providing the Health and Safety Team analysis of the workplace hazards, for training and policy development. In addition, we utilize a number of measures including Total Recordable Incident Rate (“TRIR”), and Lost Time (or Lost Workday) Incident Rate (“LTIR”), to measure the overall effectiveness of our health and safety program. For 2022, we had a TRIR of 1.3, a LTIR of 0.8 and zero work-related fatalities.
Suppliers
We license certain communications infrastructure, software and services from Alarm.com to support subscribers using our Go!Control panel, which was approximately 3% of our Total Subscribers at December 31, 2022. These Go!Control panels are connected to Alarm.com’s hosted platform. Alarm.com also provides an interface to enable these subscribers to access their systems remotely.
Generally, our hardware device suppliers maintain a stock of devices and key components to cover any minor supply chain disruptions. Although it has not yet had a significant impact on our business, some technology companies are facing shortages of certain components used in our Products, which if prolonged could impact our ability to obtain the equipment needed to support our operations and could increase Product costs. Such shortages can require us to purchase components on
the spot market at elevated prices and utilize expedited shipping methods to maintain adequate supply, which result in increased costs for components and equipment. Where possible we also utilize dual sourcing methods to minimize the risk of a disruption from a single supplier. However, we also rely on a number of sole source and limited source suppliers for critical components of our solution. Replacing any sole source or limited source suppliers could require the expenditure of significant resources and time to redesign and resource these products.
Where You Can Find More Information
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Our SEC filings are available to the public over the internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, we maintain a website at http://www.vivint.com. We make available free of charge on or through our Internet website our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. We are providing the address to our website solely for the information of investors. The information on our website is not a part of, nor is it incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report.
ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risk factors and all other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or those we currently deem immaterial, also may become important factors that affect us. The following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry
The failure to complete the NRG Merger could materially adversely affect our business.
On December 6, 2022, the Company entered into the NRG Merger Agreement. The parties continue to expect the NRG Merger to close in the first quarter of 2023, subject to satisfaction of customary closing conditions, however, there is no assurance that the NRG Merger will occur. If the NRG Merger or a similar transaction is not completed, the share price of our common stock may decline to the extent that the current market price of our common stock reflects an assumption that a transaction will be completed. Further, a failure to complete the NRG Merger may result in negative publicity and a negative impression of us.
Our industry is highly competitive.
We operate in a highly competitive industry. We face, and may in the future face, competition from other providers of information and communication products and services, including cable and telecommunications companies, Internet service providers, large technology companies, singular experience companies, industrial and smart hardware companies, and others that may have greater capital and resources than us. We also face competition from large residential security companies that have or may have greater capital and other resources than we do. Competitors that are larger in scale and have greater resources may benefit from greater economies of scale and other lower costs that permit them to offer more favorable terms to consumers (including lower service costs) than we offer, causing such consumers to choose to enter into contracts with such competitors. For instance, cable and telecommunications companies are expanding into the smart home and security industries and are bundling their existing offerings with automation and monitored security services. In some instances, it appears that certain components of such bundled offerings are significantly underpriced and, in effect, subsidized by the rates charged for the other product or services offered by these companies. These bundled pricing alternatives may influence subscribers’ desire to subscribe to our services at rates and fees we consider appropriate. These competitors may also benefit from greater name recognition and superior advertising, marketing, promotional and other resources. To the extent that such competitors utilize any competitive advantages in markets where our business is more highly concentrated, the negative impact on our business may increase over time. In addition to potentially reducing the number of new subscribers we are able to originate, increased competition could also result in increased subscriber acquisition costs and higher attrition rates that would negatively impact us over time. The benefit offered to larger competitors from economies of scale and other lower costs may be magnified by an economic downturn in which subscribers put a greater emphasis on lower cost products or services. In addition, we face competition from regional competitors that concentrate their capital and other resources in targeting local markets.
We also face potential competition from do-it-yourself (DIY) systems, which enable consumers to install their own systems and monitor and control their home over the Internet without the need for a subscription agreement with a service provider. Improvements in these systems may result in more subscribers choosing to take on the responsibility for installation, maintenance, and management of connected home systems themselves. In addition, consumers may prefer individual device solutions that provide more narrowly targeted functionality instead of a more comprehensive integrated smart home solution. Pricing pressure or improvements in technology and shifts in consumer preferences towards DIY and/or individual solutions could adversely impact our subscriber base or pricing structure and have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Cable and telecommunications companies actively targeting the smart home market and expanding into the monitored security space, and large technology companies expanding into the smart home market could result in pricing pressure, a shift in subscriber preferences towards the services of these companies and a reduction in our market share. Continued pricing pressure from these competitors or failure to achieve pricing based on the competitive advantages previously identified above could prevent us from maintaining competitive price points for our products and services, resulting in lost subscribers or in our inability to attract new subscribers, and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We rely on long-term retention of subscribers and subscriber attrition can have a material adverse effect on our results.
We incur significant upfront costs to originate new subscribers. Accordingly, our long-term performance is dependent on our subscribers remaining with us for several years after the initial term of their contracts. One reason for attrition occurs when subscribers move and do not reconnect. Subscriber moves are impacted by changes in the housing market. See “-Our business is subject to macroeconomic, microeconomic and demographic factors that may negatively impact our results of operations.” Some other factors that can increase subscriber attrition include problems experienced with the quality of our Products or Services, unfavorable general economic conditions, adverse publicity and the preference for lower pricing of competitors’ products and services. In addition, we generally experience an increased level of subscriber cancellations in the months surrounding the expiration of such subscribers’ initial contract term. If we fail to retain our subscribers for a sufficient period of time, our profitability, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. Our inability to retain subscribers for a long term could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Litigation, complaints or adverse publicity or unauthorized use of our brand name could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
From time to time, we engage in the defense of, and may in the future be subject to, certain investigations, claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of our business. For example, we have been named as defendants in putative class actions alleging violations of wage and hour laws, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, common law privacy and consumer protection laws. From time to time, our subscribers have communicated and may in the future communicate complaints to organizations such as the Better Business Bureau, regulators, law enforcement or the media. Any resulting actions or negative subscriber sentiment or publicity could reduce the volume of our new subscriber originations or increase attrition of existing subscribers. Any of the foregoing may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Unauthorized use of our brand name by third parties may also adversely affect our business and reputation, including the perceived quality and reliability of our products and services. We rely on trademark law, internal policies and agreements with our employees, subscribers, business partners and others to protect the value of our brand name. Despite our precautions, we cannot provide assurance that those procedures are sufficiently effective to protect against unauthorized third-party use of our brand name. We may not be successful in investigating, preventing or prosecuting all unauthorized third-party use of our brand name. Future litigation with respect to such unauthorized use could also result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources. These factors could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We have in the past been, and may in the future be, subject to regulatory and civil claims regarding our sales practices.
We are subject to reputational risks that may arise from the actions of our executives, employees, third-party independent contractors and other agents, including but not limited to violations of our marketing policies and procedures as well as any failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations. In addition, activities in connection with sales efforts by employees, independent contractors, and other agents, including predatory door-to-door sales tactics and fraudulent misrepresentations, have in the past subjected us to, and could in the future subject us to, governmental investigations and class action lawsuits for, among others, false advertising and deceptive trade practice damage claims. If our employees, independent contractors, or other agents engage in marketing practices that are not in compliance with laws and regulations, we may be in breach of such laws and regulations, which may result in litigation, regulatory proceedings and potential penalties that could adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. For example, in February 2023, a jury in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina, Charlotte Division, issued a verdict against the Company, in favor of CPI Security Systems, Inc. (“CPI”) for $49.7 million of compensatory damages and an additional $140 million of punitive damages in a lawsuit filed by CPI in 2020 regarding alleged historical practices by certain Vivint sales personnel. While the Company believes the verdict is not legally or factually supported and intends to pursue post-judgment remedies and file an appeal, there can be no assurance that such defense efforts will be successful.
If we fail to attract, retain and engage appropriately qualified employees, including employees in key positions, our operations and profitability may be harmed. In addition, changes in market compensation rates may adversely affect our profitability.
Our business strategy of offering high-quality products and services for our customers requires a highly-trained and engaged workforce and, as a result, is highly dependent on our ability to attract, train and retain sufficient numbers of qualified employees. Specifically, because sales representatives become more productive as they gain experience, retaining those individuals is very important for our success, especially during our peak April through August sales season. Further, failure to recruit or retain qualified employees in the future may impair our efficiency and effectiveness and our ability to pursue growth
opportunities. A significant amount of turnover of our executive team or other employees in key positions, such as engineering, finance or legal, with specific knowledge relating to us, our operations and our industry may negatively impact our operations. Factors that affect our ability to maintain sufficient numbers of qualified employees include, for example, employee engagement, our reputation, unemployment rates, competition from other employers, availability of qualified personnel and our ability to offer appropriate compensation and benefit packages. If we are unable to attract, train and retain sufficient numbers of qualified employees, our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations could be adversely affected.
We operate in a competitive labor market and there is a risk that market increases in compensation and employer-provided benefits could have a material adverse effect on our profitability. We may also be subject to continued market pressure to increase employee hourly wage rates and increased cost pressure on employer-provided benefits. Our need to implement corresponding adjustments within our labor model and compensation and benefit packages could have a material adverse impact to the profitability of our business.
Our operations depend upon third-party providers of telecommunication technologies and services.
Our operations depend upon third-party cellular and other telecommunications providers to communicate signals to and from our subscribers in a timely, cost-efficient and consistent manner. The failure of one or more of these providers to transmit and communicate signals in a timely manner could affect our ability to provide services to our subscribers. There can be no assurance that third-party telecommunications providers and signal processing centers will continue to transmit and communicate signals to or from our third-party providers and the monitoring stations without disruption. Any such disruption, particularly one of a prolonged duration, could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, failure to renew contracts with existing providers or to contract with other providers on commercially acceptable terms or at all may adversely impact our business.
Certain elements of our operating model have historically relied on our subscribers’ continued selection and use of traditional landline telecommunications to transmit signals to and from our subscribers. There is a growing trend for consumers to switch to the exclusive use of cellular, satellite or internet communication technology in their homes, and telecommunication providers may discontinue their landline services in the future. In addition, many of our subscribers who use cellular communication technology for their systems use products that rely on older 3G technology. The discontinuation of landline and 3G and any other services by telecommunications providers in the future would require our subscriber’s system to be upgraded to alternative, and potentially more expensive, technologies. This could increase our subscriber attrition rates and slow our new subscriber originations. To maintain our subscriber base that uses components that are or could become obsolete, we may be required to upgrade or implement new technologies, including by offering to subsidize the replacement of subscribers’ outdated systems at our expense. Any such upgrades or implementations could require significant capital expenditures and also divert management’s attention and other important resources away from our customer service and new subscriber origination efforts.
We depend on third-party providers of internet access services that may impair, degrade or otherwise block our services that could lead to additional expenses or loss of users.
Our interactive services are accessed through the internet and our security monitoring services are increasingly delivered using internet-based technologies. In addition, our distributed cloud storage solution, including the Vivint Smart Drive, is dependent upon internet services for shared storage. Some providers of broadband access may take measures that affect their subscribers’ ability to use these products and services, such as degrading the quality of the data packets we transmit over their lines, giving those packets low priority, giving other packets higher priority than ours, blocking our packets entirely or attempting to charge their subscribers more for using our services or terminating the subscriber’s contract.
The Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) released an order that became effective on June 11, 2018, that repeals most of the rules that the agency previously had in place that prevented providers of broadband internet access services from impairing, degrading or blocking services provided by third parties to us. The prior rules prohibiting impairment, degradation and blocking are commonly referred to as “network neutrality” rules. Numerous parties have appealed the FCC order which is before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. We cannot predict whether the FCC order will be upheld, reversed or remanded, nor the timing of the appellate court’s resolution of the appeal.
Following the adoption of the FCC’s order reversing the network neutrality rules, a number of states have passed network neutrality laws. The laws vary by state both in substance and in scope. There is legal uncertainty as to whether states have authority to pass laws that would conflict with the recent FCC order due to the interstate nature of internet communications and for other reasons. We cannot predict whether state laws that are interpreted to conflict with the FCC’s order will survive judicial scrutiny if challenged.
The largest providers of broadband internet access services have publicly stated that network neutrality rules are not required as they would not engage in some of the practices that the rules prohibit. While it is difficult to predict what would occur in the absence of such rules, it is possible that as a result of the lack of network neutrality rules, we could incur greater operating expenses which could harm our results of operations. While we think it is unlikely and that other laws may be implicated should broadband internet access providers affirmatively interfere with the delivery of our services that rely on broadband internet connections, interference with our services by broadband internet access service providers for using our products and services could cause us to lose existing subscribers, impair our ability to attract new subscribers and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Changes in laws or regulations that impact our underlying providers of telecommunications services could adversely impact our business
Telecommunications service providers are subject to extensive regulation in the markets where we operate or may expand in the future. Changes in the applicable laws or regulations affecting telecommunication services could require us to change the way we operate, which could increase costs or otherwise disrupt our operations, which in turn could adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
We must successfully upgrade and maintain our information technology systems.
We rely on various information technology systems to manage our operations. As necessary, we implement modifications and upgrades to these systems, and replace certain of our legacy systems with successor systems with new functionality.
There are inherent costs and risks associated with modifying or changing these systems and implementing new systems, including potential disruption of our internal control structure, substantial capital expenditures, additional administration and operating expenses, retention of sufficiently skilled personnel to implement and operate the new systems, demands on management time and other risks and costs of delays or difficulties in transitioning to new systems or of integrating new systems into our current systems. While management seeks to identify and remediate issues, we can provide no assurance that our identification and remediation efforts will be successful or that we will not encounter additional issues as we complete the implementation of these and other systems. In addition, our information technology system implementations may not result in productivity improvements at a level that outweighs the costs of implementation, or at all. The implementation of new information technology systems may also cause disruptions in our business operations and have an adverse effect on our business, cash flows and operations.
Privacy and data protection concerns, laws, and regulations relating to privacy, and data protection and information security could have a material adverse effect on our business.
In the course of our operations, we gather, process, transmit and store subscriber information, including personal, payment, credit and other confidential and private information. We may use this information for operational and marketing purposes in the course of operating our business.
Our collection, retention, transfer and use of this information are governed by U.S. and foreign laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and information security, industry standards and protocols, or it may be asserted that such industry standards or protocols apply to us. The regulatory framework for privacy and information security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. In the United States, federal and various state and provincial governmental bodies and agencies have adopted or are considering adopting laws and regulations limiting, or laws and regulations regarding the collection, distribution, use, disclosure, storage, and security of certain categories of information. These new laws and regulations may also impact the way we design and develop new technology solutions. Some of these requirements include obligations of companies to notify individuals of security breaches involving particular personal information, which could result from exploitation of a vulnerability in our systems or services or breaches experienced by our service providers and/or partners. For example, in the State of California, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) provides for enhanced consumer protections for California residents, a private right of action for data breaches of certain personal information and statutory fines and damages for such data breaches or other CCPA violations, as well as a requirement of “reasonable” cybersecurity. In addition, in November 2020, California voters passed the California Privacy Rights and Enforcement Act of 2020, which amends and expands the CCPA with additional data privacy compliance requirements and establishes a regulatory agency dedicated to enforcing those requirements. We are also subject to state and federal laws and regulations regarding telemarketing and other telephonic communications and state and federal laws regarding unsolicited commercial emails, as well as regulations relating to automated telemarketing calls, texts or SMS messages.
Many jurisdictions have established their own data security and privacy legal and regulatory frameworks with which we or our vendors or partners must comply to the extent our operations expand into these geographies or the laws and regulations in these frameworks otherwise may be interpreted to apply to us. Laws and regulations in these jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, storage, disclosure and security of data that identifies or may be used to identify or locate an individual, such as names, email addresses and, in some jurisdictions, internet protocol addresses. We are also bound by contractual requirements relating to privacy, data protection and information security, and may agree to additional contractual requirements addressing these matters from time to time.
Our compliance with these various requirements increases our operating costs, and additional laws, regulations, standards or protocols (or new interpretations of existing laws, regulations, standards or protocols) in these areas may further increase our operating costs, require us to take on additional privacy and data security related obligations in our contracts and adversely affect our ability to effectively market our products and services. In view of new or modified legal obligations relating to privacy, data protection or information security, or any changes in their interpretation, we may find it necessary or desirable to fundamentally change our business activities and practices or to expend significant resources to modify our products and services and otherwise adapt to these changes. We may be unable to make such changes and modifications in a commercially reasonable manner or at all, and our ability to develop new services and features could be limited.
Further, our failure or perceived failure to comply with any of these laws, regulations, standards, protocols or other obligations could result in a loss of subscriber data, fines, sanctions and other liabilities and additional restrictions on our collection, transfer or use of subscriber data. In addition, our failure to comply with any of these laws, regulations, standards, protocols or other obligations could result in a material adverse effect on our reputation, subscriber attrition, new subscriber origination, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
If our security controls are breached or unauthorized or inadvertent access to subscriber information or other data or to control or view systems are otherwise obtained, our services may be perceived as insecure, we may lose existing subscribers or fail to attract new subscribers, our business may be harmed, and we may incur significant liabilities.
Use of our solutions involves the storage, transmission and processing of personal, payment, credit and other confidential and private information of our subscribers, and may in certain cases permit access to our subscribers’ homes or property or help secure them. We also maintain and process other confidential and proprietary information in our business, including our employees’ and contractors’ personal information and confidential business information. We rely on proprietary and commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to protect against unauthorized use or access of the information we process and maintain. Our services and the networks and information systems we utilize in our business are at risk for breaches as a result of third-party action, employee, vendor or partner error, malfeasance, or other factors. For example, we have experienced instances of our employees, contractors and other third parties improperly accessing our and/or our subscribers’ systems and information in violation of our internal policies and procedures.
Criminals and other nefarious actors are using increasingly sophisticated methods, including cyberattacks, phishing, social engineering and other illicit acts to capture, access or alter various types of information, to engage in illegal activities such as fraud and identity theft, and to expose and exploit potential security and privacy vulnerabilities in corporate systems and websites. Unauthorized intrusion into the portions of our systems and networks and data storage devices that process and store subscriber confidential and private information, the loss of such information or the deployment of malware or other harmful code to our services or our networks or systems may result in negative consequences, including the actual or alleged malfunction of our products or services. In addition, third parties, including our partners and vendors, could also be sources of security risks to us in the event of a failure of their own security systems and infrastructure. Further, the risk of cyber-attacks could be exacerbated by new or ongoing geopolitical tensions, including hostile actions taken by nation-states and terrorist organizations. The threats we and our partners and vendors face continue to evolve and are difficult to predict due to advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography and new and sophisticated methods used by criminals. There can be no assurances that our defensive measures will prevent cyber-attacks or that we will discover network or system intrusions or other breaches on a timely basis or at all. We cannot be certain that we will not suffer a compromise or breach of the technology protecting the systems or networks that house or access our products and services or on which we or our partners or vendors process or store personal information or other sensitive information or data, or that any such incident will not be believed or reported to have occurred. Any such actual or perceived compromises or breaches to systems, or unauthorized access to our subscribers’ data, products or systems, or acquisition or loss of, data, whether suffered by us, our partners or vendors or other third parties, whether as a result of employee error or malfeasance or otherwise, could harm our business. They could, for example, cause interruptions in operations, loss of data, loss of confidence in our services and products and damage to our reputation, and could limit the adoption of our services and products. They could also subject us to costs, regulatory investigations and orders, litigation, contract damages, indemnity demands and other liabilities and materially
and adversely affect our subscriber base, sales, revenues and profits. Any of these could, in turn, have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Further, if a high-profile security breach occurs with respect to another provider of smart home solutions, our subscribers and potential subscribers may lose trust in the security of our services or in the smart home space generally, which could adversely impact our ability to retain existing subscribers or attract new ones. Even in the absence of any security breach, subscriber concerns about security, privacy or data protection may deter them from using our service. Our insurance policies covering errors and omissions and certain security and privacy damages and claim expenses may not be sufficient to compensate for all potential liability. Although we maintain cyber liability insurance, we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all.
Our Vivint Flex Pay plan is a business model that may subject us to additional risks.
In 2017, we introduced Vivint Flex Pay, which allowed subscribers to finance the purchase of their products and related installation through our Vivint Flex Pay plan. Under Vivint Flex Pay, we offer to our qualified U.S. subscribers an opportunity to finance through a third party the purchase of products and related installation used in connection with our smart home services. We offer certain of our subscribers who do not qualify for third-party financing, the opportunity to finance their purchase of Products and related installation under a retail installment contract program (a “RIC”), which is financed by us. Under Vivint Flex Pay, subscribers pay separately for the Products and our Services. As an alternative to the financing offered under these programs, subscribers are able to purchase the products by check, ACH, credit or debit card, and pay in full at the time of installation.
There can be no assurance that the Vivint Flex Pay plan will continue to be successful. If this plan is not favorably received by subscribers or is otherwise not performing as intended by us, it could have an adverse effect on our business, subscriber growth rate, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, reductions in consumer lending and/or the availability of consumer credit under the Vivint Flex Pay plan could limit the number of subscribers with the financial means to purchase the products and thus limit the number of subscribers who are able to subscribe to our smart home services. There is no assurance that our current providers of consumer financing, or any other companies that may in the future offer financing to our subscribers will continue to provide subscribers with access to credit or that credit limits under such arrangements will be sufficient. In addition, a severe disruption in the global financial markets could impact the providers of credit under the Vivint Flex Pay plan, and such instability could also affect the ability of subscribers to access financing under the Vivint Flex Pay plan or otherwise. Such restrictions or limitations on the availability of consumer credit or unfavorable reception of the Vivint Flex Pay plan by potential subscribers could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
In addition, the Vivint Flex Pay plan subjects us to additional regulatory requirements and compliance obligations. In particular, the Vivint Flex Pay plan may require that we be licensed as a lender in certain jurisdictions in which we operate. We face the risk of increased consumer complaints, potential supervision, examinations or enforcement actions by federal and state licensing and regulatory agencies and/or penalties for violation of financial services, consumer protections and other applicable laws and regulations. For example, in 2019, we received a subpoena in connection with an investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) concerning potential violations of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act (“FIRREA”). In January 2021, we entered into a settlement agreement with the DOJ that resolved this investigation. As part of this settlement, we paid $3.2 million to the United States. In 2019, we also received a civil investigative demand from the staff of the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) concerning potential violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”) and the “Red Flags Rule” thereunder, and the Federal Trade Commission Act (“FTC Act”). In April 2021, we entered into a settlement with the FTC that resolved this investigation. As part of this settlement, which was approved by a federal court on May 3, 2021, we paid a total of $20 million to the United States and agreed to implement various additional compliance-related measures. For additional detail regarding the FTC settlement, see “—We are subject to various risks in connection with the ongoing settlement administration process involving the FTC, and may be subject to FTC Actions in the future.” Any further regulatory investigations could result in significant costs, fines or penalties and damage our reputation. In addition, any resolution of such regulatory investigations may alter or limit the way we do business or result in termination or modification of existing business and financing relationships. If any federal or state governmental agency were to determine that violations of certain laws or regulations occurred, or if any proceedings or investigations were to be determined adversely against us or resulted in legal actions, claims, regulatory proceedings, enforcement actions, or judgments, fines, or settlements involving a payment of material amounts, or if injunctive relief were issued against us, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In addition, even if regulatory inquiries or investigations do not result in an adverse determination or the payment of material amounts, we expect to continue to incur costs in connection with such matters and our business, reputation, financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations could be adversely impacted.
We currently offer RICs in a number of the jurisdictions in which we operate and therefore are subject to regulation by state and local authorities for the use of RICs. We provide intensive training to our employees regarding sales practices and the content of our RICs and strive to comply in all material respects with these laws; however, we cannot be certain that our employees will abide by our policies and applicable laws, which violations could have a material and adverse impact on our business. In the future, we may elect to offer installment loans and other financial services products similar to the Consumer Financing Program directly to qualified subscribers. If we elect to offer such financial services directly, this may further expand our regulatory and compliance obligations.
In addition, as Vivint Flex Pay evolves, we may become subject to additional regulatory requirements and compliance obligations.
We are subject to payment related risks.
We accept payments using a variety of methods, including check, credit card, debit card and direct debit from a subscriber’s bank account. For existing and future payment options that we offer to our subscribers, we may become subject to additional regulations, compliance requirements and fraud. For certain payment methods, including credit and debit cards, we pay interchange and other fees, which may increase over time and raise our operating costs and lower profitability. We rely on third parties to provide payment-processing services, including the processing of credit cards, debit cards and electronic checks, and it could disrupt our business if these companies become unwilling or unable to provide these services to us. We are also subject to payment card association operating rules, including data security rules, certification requirements and rules governing electronic funds transfers, which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. If we fail to comply with these rules or requirements, or if our data security systems are breached or compromised, we may be liable for card -issuing banks’ costs, subject to fines and higher transaction fees, and lose our ability to accept credit and debit card payments from our subscribers, process electronic funds transfers, or facilitate other types of online payments, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected. See “—Privacy and data protection concerns and laws, and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and information security, could have a material adverse effect on our business” and “—If our security controls are breached or unauthorized or inadvertent access to subscriber information or other data or to control or view systems are otherwise obtained, our services may be perceived as insecure, we may lose existing subscribers or fail to attract new subscribers, our business may be harmed, and we may incur significant liabilities.”
We may fail to obtain or maintain necessary licenses or otherwise fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations.
Our business focuses on contracts and transactions with residential subscribers and therefore is subject to a variety of laws, regulations and licensing requirements that govern our interactions with residential consumers, including those pertaining to privacy and data security, consumer financial and credit transactions, home improvements, warranties and door-to-door solicitation. We are a licensed service provider in each market where such licensure is required, and we are responsible for every subscriber installation. Our business may become subject to additional such requirements in the future. In certain jurisdictions, we are also required to obtain licenses or permits to comply with standards governing marketing and sales efforts, installation of equipment or servicing of subscribers, monitoring station employee selection and training and to meet certain standards in the conduct of our business. These laws and regulations are dynamic and subject to potentially differing interpretations, and various legislative and regulatory bodies may expand current laws or regulations or enact new laws and regulations regarding these matters. We strive to comply with all applicable laws and regulations relating to our interactions with residential subscribers. It is possible, however, that these requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices. Our non-compliance with any such law or regulations could also expose us to claims, proceedings, litigation and investigations by private parties and regulatory authorities, as well as substantial fines and negative publicity, each of which may materially and adversely affect our business. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, significant expenses to comply with such laws and regulations, and increased regulation of matters relating to our interactions with residential consumers could require us to modify our operations and incur significant additional expenses, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we expand the scope of our products or services or our operations in new markets, we may be required to obtain additional licenses and otherwise maintain compliance with additional laws, regulations or licensing requirements.
Changes in these laws or regulations or their interpretation, as well as new laws, regulations or licensing requirements which may be enacted, could dramatically affect how we do business, acquire subscribers, and manage and use information we collect from and about current and prospective subscribers and the costs associated therewith. For example, certain U.S. municipalities have adopted, or are considering adopting, laws, regulations or policies aimed at reducing the number of false alarms, including: (1) subjecting companies to fines or penalties for transmitting false alarms, (2) imposing fines on subscribers for false alarms or (3) imposing limitations on law enforcement response. These measures could adversely affect our future operations and business by increasing our costs, reducing subscriber satisfaction or affecting the public perception of the
effectiveness of our products and services. In addition, federal, state and local governmental authorities have considered, and may in the future consider, implementing consumer protection rules and regulations, which could impose significant constraints on our sales channels.
Regulations have been issued by the FTC and FCC that place restrictions on direct-to-home marketing, telemarketing, email marketing and general sales practices. These restrictions include, but are not limited to, limitations on methods of communication, requirements to maintain a “do not call” list, cancellation rights and required training for personnel to comply with these restrictions.
The FTC regulates both general sales practices and telemarketing specifically and has broad authority to prohibit a variety of advertising or marketing practices that may constitute “unfair or deceptive acts or practices”. Most of the statutes and regulations in the United States allow a private right of action for the recovery of damages or provide for enforcement by the FTC, state attorneys general or state agencies permitting the recovery of significant civil or criminal penalties, costs and attorneys’ fees in the event that regulations are violated. Any new or changed laws, regulations or licensing requirements, or the interpretation of such laws, regulations or licensing requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. We strive to comply with all such applicable regulations but cannot assure you that we or third parties that we may rely on for telemarketing, email marketing and other lead generation activities will be in compliance with all applicable regulations at all times. Although our contractual arrangements with such third parties expressly require them to comply with all such regulations and to indemnify us for their failure to do so, we cannot assure you that the FTC, FCC, private litigants or others will not attempt to hold us responsible for any unlawful acts conducted by such third parties or that we could successfully enforce or collect upon such indemnities. Additionally, certain FCC rulings and/or FTC enforcement actions may support the legal position that we may be held vicariously liable for the actions of third parties, including any telemarketing violations by our independent, third-party, authorized dealers that are performed without our authorization or that are otherwise prohibited by our policies. Both the FCC and the FTC have relied on certain actions to support the notion of vicarious liability, including but not limited to, the use of the company brand or trademark, the authorization or approval of telemarketing scripts or the sharing of consumer prospect lists. Changes in such regulations or the interpretation thereof that further restricts such activities could result in a material reduction in the number of leads for our business and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We may fail to comply with import and export, bribery and money laundering laws, regulations and controls.
We conduct our business in the United States and source our products from Thailand, Vietnam, Mexico, Taiwan, China, Malaysia and the United States. We are subject to regulation by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies, including, but not limited to, agencies and regulatory bodies or authorities responsible for monitoring and enforcing product safety and consumer protection laws, data privacy and security laws and regulations, employment and labor laws, workplace safety laws and regulations, environmental laws and regulations, antitrust laws, federal securities laws and tax laws and regulations.
We are subject to the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the U.S. Travel Act, and possibly other anti-bribery laws, including those that comply with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD, Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and other international conventions. Anti-corruption laws are interpreted broadly and prohibit our company from authorizing, offering, or providing directly or indirectly improper payments or benefits to recipients in the public or private sector. Certain laws could also prohibit us from soliciting or accepting bribes or kickbacks. We can be held liable for the corrupt activities of our employees, representatives, contractors, partners and agents, even if we did not explicitly authorize such activity. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with anti-corruption laws, there can be no assurance that all of our employees, representatives, contractors, partners, and agents will comply with these laws and policies.
Our operations require us to import from Thailand, Vietnam, Mexico, Taiwan, China, and Malaysia, which geographically stretches our compliance obligations. We are also subject to anti-money laundering laws such as the USA PATRIOT Act and may be subject to similar laws in other jurisdictions. Our Products are subject to import laws and regulations, including the U.S. Customs regulations, and various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls. We may also be subject to import laws and regulations in other jurisdictions in which we conduct business or source our Products. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we and certain of our employees could be subject to substantial civil or criminal penalties, including the possible loss of import privileges; fines, which may be imposed on us and responsible employees or managers; and, in extreme cases, the incarceration of responsible employees or managers. In addition, U.S. Customs and Border Protection is investigating our historical compliance with regulations relating to duties and tariffs in connection with our import of certain products from outside the
United States. The Department of Justice is also investigating potential violations of the False Claims Act relating to similar issues. We are cooperating with these investigations.
Changes in laws that apply to us could result in increased regulatory requirements and compliance costs which could harm our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. In certain jurisdictions, regulatory requirements may be more stringent than in the United States. Noncompliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to whistleblower complaints, investigations, sanctions, settlements, mandatory product recalls, enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, fines, damages, civil and criminal penalties or injunctions, suspension or debarment from contracting with certain governments or other customers, the loss of export privileges, multi-jurisdictional liability, reputational harm, and other collateral consequences. If any governmental or other sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations could be materially harmed. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a materially significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and an increase in defense costs and other professional fees.
The policies of the U.S. Government may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Certain changes in U.S. social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment could adversely affect our business. General trade tensions between the U.S. and China escalated in 2018, with three rounds of U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods taking effect in July, August and September 2018, each followed by a round of retaliatory Chinese tariffs on U.S. goods. If duties on existing tariffs are raised or if additional tariffs are announced, many of our inbound products to the United States would be subject to tariffs assessed in the cost of goods as imported. If these duties are imposed on such products, we may be required to raise our prices, which may result in the loss of subscribers and harm our operating performance. These factors and other uncertainties around U.S. relations with China have led us to shift some our supply chain production outside of China and, depending on future developments, we may continue to shift additional supply chain production outside of China, which could result in additional one-time costs or increased costs to the Company. Depending on future developments, we may continue to shift additional supply chain production outside of China, which could result in additional one-time costs or increased costs to us.
While there is currently a substantial lack of clarity and uncertainty around the likelihood, timing and details of any such policies and reforms, such policies and reforms may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and the value of our securities.
Shareholder and customer emphasis on environmental, social, and governance responsibility may impose additional costs on us or expose us to new risks.
Our shareholders, customers and employees continue to expect a more proactive response to environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) matters. We may incur increased costs and may be exposed to new risks responding to these higher expectations. Although we believe that our emphasis on ESG priorities can help drive sustainable business practices that are crucial to our long-term growth, we may face reputational challenges in the event that we are unable to achieve these goals or our ESG standards do not meet those set by certain constituencies. These reputational challenges could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Police departments could refuse to respond to calls from monitored security service companies.
Police departments in certain U.S. jurisdictions do not respond to calls from monitored security service companies unless certain conditions are met, such as video or other verification or eyewitness accounts of suspicious activities, either as a matter of policy or by local ordinance. In most cases this is accomplished through contracts with private guard companies, which increases the overall cost of monitoring. If more police departments were to refuse to respond or be prohibited from responding to calls from monitored security service companies unless certain conditions are met, such as video or other verification or eyewitness accounts of suspicious activities, our ability to attract and retain customers could be negatively impacted and our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
Increased adoption of laws purporting to characterize certain charges in our subscriber contracts as unlawful, may adversely affect our operations.
If a subscriber cancels prior to the end of the initial term of the contract, other than in accordance with the contract, we may, under the terms of the subscriber contract, charge the subscriber the amount that would have been paid over the remaining term of the contract. Several states have adopted, or are considering adopting, laws restricting the charges that can be imposed upon contract cancellation prior to the end of the initial contract term. Such initiatives could negatively impact our business and
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Adverse rulings regarding these matters could increase legal exposure to subscribers against whom such charges have been imposed and increase the risk that certain subscribers may seek to recover such charges from us through litigation or otherwise. In addition, the costs of defending such litigation and enforcement actions could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Our new Products and Services may not be successful.
We launched our first smart home products and services beginning in 2010. Since that time, we have launched a number of other offerings. We anticipate launching additional products and services in the future. These products and services and the new products and services we may launch in the future may not be well received by our subscribers, may not help us to generate new subscribers, may adversely affect the attrition rate of existing subscribers, may increase our subscriber acquisition costs and may increase the costs to service our subscribers. For example, in 2021, we made significant investments in the development of our smart energy and Smart Insurance business. Any profits we may generate from these or other new products or services may be lower than profits generated from our other products and services and may not be sufficient for us to recoup our development or subscriber acquisition costs incurred. New products and services may also have lower operating margins, particularly to the extent that they do not fully utilize our existing infrastructure. In addition, new products and services may require increased operational expenses or subscriber acquisition costs and present new and difficult technological and intellectual property challenges that may subject us to claims or complaints if subscribers experience service disruptions or failures or other quality issues. To the extent our new products and services are not successful, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
The technology we employ may become obsolete, which could require significant capital expenditures.
Our industry is subject to continual technological innovation. Our products and services interact with the hardware and software technology of systems and devices located at our subscribers’ property. We may be required to implement new technologies or adapt existing technologies in response to changing market conditions, subscriber preferences, industry standards or inability to secure necessary intellectual property licenses, which could require significant capital expenditures. It is also possible that one or more of our competitors could develop a significant technological advantage that allows them to provide additional or superior products or services, or to lower their price for similar products or services, that could put us at a competitive disadvantage. Our inability to adapt to changing technologies, market conditions or subscriber preferences in a timely manner could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Our future operating and financial results are uncertain.
Prior growth rates in revenues and other operating and financial results should not be considered indicative of our future performance. Our future performance and operating results depend on, among other things: (1) our ability to renew and/or upgrade contracts with existing subscribers and maintain subscriber satisfaction with existing subscribers; (2) our ability to generate new subscribers, including our ability to scale the number of new subscribers generated through direct to-home, inside sales and other channels; (3) our ability to increase the density of our subscriber base for existing service locations or continue to expand into new geographic markets; (4) our ability to successfully develop and market new and innovative products and services; (5) the level of product, service and price competition; (6) the degree of saturation in, and our ability to further penetrate, existing markets; (7) our ability to manage growth, revenues, origination or acquisition costs of new subscribers and attrition rates, the cost of servicing our existing subscribers and general and administrative costs; and (8) our ability to attract, train and retain qualified employees. If our future operating and financial results suffer as a result of any of the other reasons mentioned above, or any other reasons, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability or positive cash flow from operations.
Our ability to generate future positive operating results and cash flows depends, in part, on our ability to generate new subscribers in a cost-effective manner, while minimizing attrition of existing subscribers. New subscriber acquisitions play a particularly important role in our financial model as they not only increase our future operating cash flows, but also help to replace the cash flows lost as a result of subscriber attrition. If we are unable to cost-effectively generate new subscribers or retain our existing subscribers, our business, operating results and financial condition would be materially adversely affected. In addition, to drive our growth, we have made significant upfront investments in subscriber acquisition costs, as well as technology and infrastructure to support our growing subscriber base. As a result of these investments, we have incurred losses and used significant amounts of cash to fund operations. As our business scales, we expect recurring revenue to increase due to growth in our total subscribers. If such increase occurs, a greater percentage of our net acquisition costs for new subscribers
may be funded through revenues generated by our existing subscriber base. We also expect the number of new subscribers to decrease as a percentage of our total subscribers as our business scales, which we believe, along with the expected growth in recurring revenue, will improve operating results and operating cash flows over time. Our ability to improve our operating results and cash flows, however, is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties and there can be no assurance that we will achieve such improvements. To the extent the number of new subscribers does not decrease as a percentage of our total subscribers or we do not reduce the percentage of our revenue used to support new investments, we will continue to incur losses and require a significant amount of cash to fund our operations, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows, operating results and financial condition.
Our inside sales channel depends on third parties and other sources that we do not control to generate leads that we then convert into subscribers. If our third-party partners and lead generators are not successful in generating leads for our inside sales channel, if the quality of those leads deteriorates, or if we are unable to generate leads through other sources that are cost effective and can be successfully converted into subscribers, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Also, our subscribers consist largely of homeowners, who are subject to economic, credit, financial and other risks, as applicable. These risks could materially and adversely affect a subscriber’s ability to make required payments to us on a timely basis. Any such decrease or delay in subscriber payments may have a material adverse effect on us. As a result of financial distress, subscribers may apply for relief under bankruptcy and other laws relating to creditors’ rights. In addition, subscribers may be subject to involuntary application of such bankruptcy and other laws relating to creditors’ rights. The bankruptcy of a subscriber could adversely affect our ability to collect payments, to protect our rights and otherwise realize the value of our contract with the subscriber. This may occur as a result of, among other things, application of the automatic stay, delays and uncertainty in the bankruptcy process and potential rejection of such subscriber contracts. Our subscribers’ inability to pay, whether as a result of economic or credit issues, bankruptcy or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Our business is subject to economic and demographic factors that may negatively impact our results of operations.
Our business is generally dependent on national, regional and local economic conditions.
Historically, both the U.S. and worldwide economies have experienced cyclical economic downturns, some of which have been prolonged and severe. These economic downturns have generally coincided with, and contributed to, increased energy costs, concerns about inflation, slower economic activity, decreased consumer confidence and spending, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns. These conditions and concerns result in a decline in business and consumer confidence and increased unemployment.
Where disposable income available for discretionary spending is reduced (due to, for example, higher housing, energy, interest or other costs or where the perceived wealth of subscribers has decreased) and disruptions in the financial markets adversely impact the availability and cost of credit, our business may experience increased attrition rates, a reduced ability to originate new subscribers and reduced consumer demand.
For instance, recoveries in the housing market increase the occurrence of relocations, which may lead to subscribers disconnecting service and not contracting with us in their new homes. We cannot predict the timing or duration of any economic slowdown or the timing or strength of a subsequent economic recovery, worldwide or in the specific markets where our subscribers are located.
Furthermore, any deterioration in new construction and sales of existing single-family homes could reduce opportunities to originate new subscribers and increase attrition among our existing subscribers. Such downturns in the economy in general, and the housing market in particular, may negatively affect our business.
In addition, unfavorable shifts in population and other demographic factors may cause us to lose subscribers as people migrate to markets where we have little or no presence, or if the general population shifts into a less desirable age, geographic or other demographic group from our business perspective.
We depend on a limited number of suppliers to provide our Products and Services. Our product suppliers, in turn, rely on a limited number of suppliers to provide significant components and materials used in our products. A change in our existing preferred supply arrangements or a material interruption in supply of products or third-party services could increase our costs or prevent or limit our ability to accept and fill orders for our products and services.
We obtain important components of our systems from several suppliers. Should such suppliers cease to manufacture the products we purchase from them or become unable to timely deliver these products in accordance with our requirements, or should such other suppliers choose not to do business with us, we may be required to locate alternative suppliers. We also rely on a number of sole or limited source suppliers for critical components of our solution. Replacing sole source suppliers or our limited source suppliers could require the expenditure of significant resources and time to redesign and resource these products. In addition, any financial or other difficulties our suppliers face may have negative effects on our business. We may be unable to locate alternate suppliers on a timely basis or to negotiate the purchase of control panels or other equipment on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, our equipment suppliers, in turn, depend upon a limited number of outside unaffiliated suppliers for key components and materials used in our control panels and other equipment. If any of these suppliers cease to or are unable to provide components and materials in sufficient quantity and of the requisite quality, especially during our summer selling season when a large percentage of our new subscriber originations occur, and if there are not adequate alternative sources of supply, we could experience significant delays in the supply of equipment or incur additional costs to secure our supply needs through other sources. Any such delay in the supply of equipment of the requisite quality could adversely affect our ability to originate subscribers and cause our subscribers not to continue, renew or upgrade their contracts or to choose not to purchase such products or services from us. This would result in delays in or loss of future revenues and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Also, if previously installed components and materials were found to be defective, we might not be able to recover the costs associated with the recall, repair or replacement of such products, across our installed subscriber base, and the diversion of personnel and other resources to address such issues could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Macroeconomic pressures in the markets in which we operate may adversely affect consumer spending and our financial results.
Our revenues and margins are dependent on various economic factors, including rates of inflation, energy costs, consumer attitudes toward discretionary spending, currency fluctuations, and other macro-economic factors which may impact consumer spending and ultimately, our financial results. In fact, inflation has recently reached levels not experienced in decades. Consumers may be affected by such factors in various ways, including:
• whether or not they make a purchase;
• their choice of smart home service provider or price-point;
• how frequently they upgrade or replace their devices; and
• their appetite to purchase adjacent products or services from us (for example, smart energy or Smart Insurance).
Real GDP growth, consumer confidence, pandemics, inflation (including wage inflation), employment levels (including as a result of an increasingly competitive job market), oil prices, interest rates, tax rates, availability of consumer financing, housing market conditions, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, costs for items such as fuel and food and other macroeconomic trends can adversely affect consumer demand for our Products and Services. Geopolitical tensions around the world can also impact macroeconomic conditions and could have a material adverse impact on our financial results. In addition to general levels of inflation, we are also subject to risks of specific inflationary pressures on product prices due to, for example, high consumer demand, component shortages and supply chain disruptions. We may be unable to increase our prices sufficiently to offset these pressures.
Furthermore, increases in compensation, wage pressure, and other expenses for our employees, may adversely affect our financial results. These cost increases may be the result of inflationary pressures that could further reduce our sales or profitability. Increases in other operating costs, including changes in energy prices and lease and utility costs, may increase our cost of products sold, or operating, selling and general and administrative expenses. Our competitive price model and pricing pressures in the industry may inhibit our ability to reflect these increased costs in the prices of our Products and Services, in which case such increased costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
As a result of one or more factors listed above, both existing and potential customers may experience deterioration of their financial resources, which could result in them delaying or canceling plans to install our Products. Our partners or vendors could experience similar negative conditions, which could impact their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to us. Future weakness in the global economy could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Unfavorable changes in general economic conditions, including recessions, economic slowdowns, sustained high levels of unemployment, and rising prices or the perception by consumers of weak or weakening economic conditions, may reduce our customers’ disposable income or result in fewer individuals engaging in discretionary spending.
We rely on certain third-party providers of licensed software and services integral to the operations of our business.
Certain aspects of the operation of our business depend on third-party software and service providers. We rely on certain software technology that we license from third parties and use in our products and services to perform key functions and provide critical functionality. For example, our subscribers with Go! Control panels utilize technology hosted by Alarm.com to access their systems remotely through a smart phone application or through a web interface. With regard to licensed software technology, we are, to a certain extent, dependent upon the ability of third parties to maintain, enhance or develop their software and services on a timely and cost- effective basis, to meet industry technological standards and innovations to deliver software and services that are free of defects or security vulnerabilities, and to ensure their software and services are free from disruptions or interruptions. Further, these third-party services and software licenses may not always be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
If our agreements with third-party software or services vendors are not renewed or the third-party software or services become obsolete, fail to function properly, are incompatible with future versions of our products or services, are defective or otherwise fail to address our needs, there is no assurance that we would be able to replace the functionality provided by the third-party software or services with software or services from alternative providers. Furthermore, even if we obtain licenses to alternative software or services that provide the functionality we need, we may be required to replace hardware installed at our monitoring stations and at our subscribers’ homes, including security system control panels and peripherals, to affect our integration of or migration to alternative software products. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
We are highly dependent on the proper and efficient functioning of our computer, data backup, information technology, telecom and processing systems, platform and our redundant monitoring stations.
Our ability to keep our business operating is highly dependent on the proper and efficient operation of our computer systems, information technology systems, telecom systems, data-processing systems and subscriber software platform. Although we have redundant central monitoring facilities, backup computer and power systems and disaster recovery tests, if there is a catastrophic event, natural disaster, security breach, negligent or intentional act by an employee or other extraordinary event, we may be unable to provide our subscribers with uninterrupted services.
Furthermore, because computer and data backup and processing systems are susceptible to malfunctions and interruptions, we cannot guarantee that we will not experience service failures in the future. A significant or large-scale malfunction or interruption of any computer or data backup and processing system could adversely affect our ability to keep our operations running efficiently and respond to alarm system signals. We do not have a backup system for our subscriber software platform. If a malfunction results in a wider or sustained disruption, it could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
We are subject to unionization and labor and employment laws and regulations, which could increase our costs and restrict our operations in the future.
As we continue to grow and enter different regions, unions may make attempts to organize all or part of our employee base. If all, or even a part of, our workforce were to become unionized, and the terms of the collective bargaining agreement were significantly different from our current compensation arrangements, it could increase our costs and adversely impact our profitability. Additionally, responding to such organization attempts distracts our management and results in increased legal and other professional fees; and, labor union contracts could put us at increased risk of labor strikes and disruption of our operations.
Our business is subject to a variety of employment laws and regulations and may become subject to additional such requirements in the future. Although we believe we are in material compliance with applicable employment laws and regulations, in the event of a change in requirements, we may be required to modify our operations or to utilize resources to maintain compliance with such laws and regulations. Moreover, we may be subject to various employment-related claims, such as individual or class actions or government enforcement actions relating to alleged employment discrimination, employee classification and related withholding, wage- hour disputes, labor standards or healthcare and benefit issues. Our failure to comply with applicable employment laws and regulations and related legal actions against us may affect our ability to compete or have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
The loss of our senior management could disrupt our business.
The success of our business depends upon the skills, experience and efforts of our key executive personnel and employees. Members of our senior management have been and will continue to be integral to the continuing evolution of our business. There is significant competition for executive personnel with experience in the smart home and security industry and
our sales channels. As a result of this need and the competition for a limited pool of industry-based executive experience, we may not be able to retain our existing senior management. For example, in May 2022, our Chief Financial Officer left the Company to pursue another opportunity. In addition, we may not be able to fill new positions or vacancies created by expansion or turnover. We do not and do not currently expect to have in the future, “key person” insurance on the lives of any member of our senior management. The loss of any member of our senior management team without retaining a suitable replacement could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
If we are unable to acquire necessary intellectual property or adequately protect our intellectual property, we could be competitively disadvantaged.
Our intellectual property, including our patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets and other proprietary rights, constitutes a significant part of our value. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary technology, brands and other intellectual property against dilution, infringement, misappropriation and competitive pressure by defending our intellectual property rights. To protect our intellectual property rights, we rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws of the United States and other countries and a combination of confidentiality procedures, contractual provisions and other methods, all of which offer only limited protection. In addition, we make efforts to acquire rights to intellectual property necessary for our operations. However, there can be no assurance that these measures will be successful in any given case, particularly in those countries where the laws do not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States.
We own a portfolio of issued U.S. patents and pending U.S. and foreign patent applications that relate to a variety of smart home, security and wireless Internet technologies utilized in our business. We may file additional patent applications in the future in the United States and internationally. The process of obtaining patent protection is expensive and time-consuming, and we may not be able to prosecute all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner all the way through to the successful issuance of a patent. We may choose not to seek patent protection for certain innovations and may choose not to pursue patent protection in certain jurisdictions. In addition, issuance of a patent does not guarantee that we have an absolute right to practice the patented invention.
If we fail to acquire the necessary intellectual property rights or adequately protect or assert our intellectual property rights, competitors may dilute our brands or manufacture and market similar products and services or convert our subscribers, which could adversely affect our market share and results of operations. We may not receive patents or trademarks for all our pending patent and trademark applications, and existing or future patents or licenses may not provide competitive advantages for our products and services. Furthermore, it is possible that our patent applications may not issue as granted patents, that the scope of our issued patents will be insufficient or not have the coverage originally sought, or that our issued patents will not provide us with any competitive advantages. Our competitors may challenge, invalidate or avoid the application of our existing or future intellectual property rights that we obtain or license. In addition, patent rights may not prevent our competitors from developing, using or selling products or services that are similar to or address the same market as our products and services. The loss of protection for our intellectual property rights could reduce the market value of our brands and our products and services, reduce new subscriber originations or upgrade sales to existing subscribers, lower our profits, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Our policy is to require our employees that were hired to develop material intellectual property included in our products to execute written agreements in which they assign to us their rights in potential inventions and other intellectual property created within the scope of their employment (or, with respect to consultants and service providers, their engagement to develop such intellectual property), but we cannot assure you that we have adequately protected our rights in every such agreement or that we have executed an agreement with every such party. Finally, in order to benefit from the protection of patents and other intellectual property rights, we must monitor and detect infringement, misappropriation or other violations of our intellectual property rights and pursue infringement, misappropriation or other claims in certain circumstances in relevant jurisdictions, all of which are costly and time-consuming. As a result, we may not be able to obtain adequate protection or to effectively enforce our issued patents or other intellectual property rights.
In addition to patents and registered trademarks, we rely on trade secret rights, copyrights and other rights to protect our unpatented proprietary intellectual property and technology. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary technologies and our intellectual property rights, unauthorized parties, including our employees, consultants, service providers or subscribers, may attempt to copy aspects of our products or obtain and use our trade secrets or other confidential information. We generally enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and third parties that have access to our material confidential information, and generally limits access to and distribution of our proprietary information and proprietary technology through certain procedural safeguards. These agreements may not effectively prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of our intellectual property or technology, could be breached or otherwise may not provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets and know-how
related to the design, manufacture or operation of our products and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure. We cannot assure you that the steps taken by us will prevent misappropriation of our intellectual property or technology or infringement of our intellectual property rights. Competitors may independently develop technologies or products that are substantially equivalent or superior to our solutions or that inappropriately incorporate our proprietary technology into their products or they may hire our former employees who may misappropriate our proprietary technology or misuse our confidential information. In addition, if we expand the geography of our service offerings, the laws of some foreign countries where we may do business in the future do not protect intellectual property rights and technology to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and these countries may not enforce these laws as diligently as government agencies and private parties in the United States.
From time to time, legal action by us may be necessary to enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the intellectual property rights of others or to defend against claims of infringement, misappropriation or invalidity. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property and technology, we may find ourselves at a competitive disadvantage to others who need not incur the additional expense, time and effort required to create the innovative products that have enabled us to be successful to date.
From time to time, we are subject to claims for infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of others, and will be subject to such claims in the future, which could have an adverse effect on our business and operations.
We cannot be certain that our products and services or those of third parties that we incorporate into our offerings do not and will not infringe the intellectual property rights of others. Many of our competitors and others may now and in the future have significantly larger and more mature patent portfolios than we have. From time to time, we are subject to claims based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of the intellectual property rights of others, including litigation brought by special purpose or so-called “non-practicing” entities that focus solely on extracting royalties and settlements by enforcing intellectual property rights and against whom our patents may therefore provide little or no deterrence or protection.
Regardless of their merits, intellectual property claims divert the attention of our personnel and are often time- consuming and expensive. In addition, to the extent claims against us are successful, we may have to pay substantial monetary damages (including, for example, treble damages if we are found to have willfully infringed patents and increased statutory damages if we are found to have willfully infringed copyrights) or discontinue or modify certain products or services that are found to infringe another party’s rights or enter into licensing agreements with costly royalty payments. Defending against claims of infringement, misappropriation or other violations or being deemed to be infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of others could impair our ability to innovate, develop, distribute and sell our current and planned products and services. We have in the past and will continue in the future to seek one or more licenses to continue offering certain products or services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. For example, we are one of several respondents in a patent matter pending before the U.S. International Trade Commission seeking an injunction against the continued importation of certain of our hardware. We have also been named as a defendant in related U.S. District Court cases alleging patent infringement and in which the plaintiff seeks unspecified money damages. We believe that the allegations in each of these matters are without merit and intend to vigorously defend against the claims; however, there can be no assurance regarding the ultimate outcome of these matters.
In some cases, we indemnify our channel partners against claims that our products infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of third parties. Such claims could arise out of our indemnification obligation with our channel partners and end-subscribers, whom we typically indemnify against such claims. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by the discovery process. Although claims of this kind have not materially affected our business to date, there can be no assurance material claims will not arise in the future.
Although third parties may offer a license to their technology or other intellectual property, the terms of any offered license may not be acceptable, and the failure to obtain a license or the costs associated with any license could cause our business, financial condition and results of operations to be materially and adversely affected. In addition, some licenses may be non-exclusive, and therefore our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us. If a third party does not offer us a license to its technology or other intellectual property on reasonable terms, or at all, we could be enjoined from continued use of such intellectual property. As a result, we may be required to develop alternative, non-infringing technology, which could require significant time (during which we could be unable to continue to offer our affected products, subscriptions or services), effort, and expense and may ultimately not be successful. Furthermore, a successful claimant could secure a judgment or we may agree to a settlement that prevents us from distributing certain products, providing certain subscriptions or
performing certain services or that requires us to pay substantial damages, royalties or other fees. Any of these events could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our solutions contain third-party open-source software components, and failure to comply with the terms of the underlying open-source software licenses could restrict our ability to sell our products and subscriptions.
Certain of our solutions contain software modules licensed to us by third-party authors under “open-source” licenses. The use and distribution of open-source software may entail greater risks than the use of third-party commercial software, as open-source licensors generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code.
Some open-source licenses contain requirements that we make available the source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the type of open-source software we use. If we combine our proprietary software with open-source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain open-source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software to the public. This would allow our competitors to create similar products with lower development effort and time and ultimately could result in a loss of sales for us.
Although we monitor our use of open-source software and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would require us to disclose our proprietary source code or that would otherwise breach the terms of an open- source agreement, the terms of many open-source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. courts, and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in ways that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize solutions incorporating such software. Moreover, we cannot assure you that our processes for controlling our use of open-source software in our solutions will be effective. From time to time, we may face claims from third parties asserting ownership of, or demanding release of, the open-source software or derivative works that we developed using such software (which could include our proprietary source code), or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open-source license. These claims could result in litigation. If we are held to have breached the terms of an open-source software license, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties to continue offering our products on terms that are not economically feasible, to re-engineer our products, to discontinue the sale of our products if re -engineering could not be accomplished on a timely or cost-effective basis, or to make generally available, in source-code form, our proprietary code, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Product or service defects or shortfalls in subscriber service could have an adverse effect on us.
Our inability to provide products or services in a timely manner or defects within our products or services, including products and services of third parties that we incorporate into our offerings, could adversely affect our reputation and subject us to claims or litigation. In addition, our inability to meet subscribers’ expectations with respect to our products, services or subscriber service could increase attrition rates or affect our ability to generate new subscribers and thereby have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flow or results of operations.
We are exposed to greater risk of liability for employee acts or omissions or system failure, than may be inherent in other businesses.
The nature of the products and services we provide potentially exposes us to greater risks of liability for employee acts or omissions or system failures than may be inherent in other businesses. If subscribers believe that they incurred losses as a result of our action or inaction, the subscribers (or their insurers) have and could in the future bring claims against us. Although our service contracts contain provisions limiting our liability for such claims, no assurance can be given that these limitations will be enforced, and the costs of such litigation or the related settlements or judgments could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. In addition, there can be no assurance that we are adequately insured for these risks. Certain of our insurance policies and the laws of some states may limit or prohibit insurance coverage for punitive or certain other types of damages or liability arising from gross negligence. If significant uninsured damages are assessed against us, the resulting liability could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Future transactions could pose risks.
We frequently evaluate strategic opportunities both within and outside our existing lines of business. We expect from time to time to pursue additional business opportunities and may decide to eliminate or acquire certain businesses, products or services or expand into new channels or industries. Such acquisitions or dispositions could be material. For example in 2020 our parent company consummated a merger with Mosaic Acquisition Corp. There are various risks and uncertainties associated with potential acquisitions and divestitures, including: (1) availability of financing; (2) difficulties related to integrating
previously separate businesses into a single unit, including product and service offerings, distribution and operational capabilities and business cultures; (3) general business disruption; (4) managing the integration process; (5) diversion of management’s attention from day-to-day operations, assumption of costs and liabilities of an acquired business, including unforeseen or contingent liabilities or liabilities in excess of the amounts estimated; (7) failure to realize anticipated benefits and synergies, such as cost savings and revenue enhancements; (8) potentially substantial costs and expenses associated with acquisitions and dispositions; (9) potential increases in compliance costs; (10) failure to retain and motivate key employees; and (11) difficulties in applying our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures to an acquired business. Any or all of these risks and uncertainties, individually or collectively, could have material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flow or results of operations. We can offer no assurance that any such strategic opportunities will prove to be successful. Among other negative effects, our pursuit of such opportunities could cause our cost of investment in new subscribers to grow at a faster rate than our recurring revenue and fees collected at the time of installation. Additionally, any new product or service offerings could require developmental investments or have higher cost structures than our current arrangements, which could reduce operating margins and require more working capital. Moreover, expansion into any new industry or channel could result in higher compliance costs as we may become subject to laws and regulations to which we are not currently subject.
Goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets represent a significant portion of our total assets, and we may never realize the full value of our intangible assets.
As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $0.8 billion of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets are recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition. In addition, as of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $1.5 billion of capitalized contract costs, net. We review such assets for impairment at least annually. Impairment may result from, among other things, deterioration in performance, adverse market conditions, adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes that restrict the activities of or affect the products and services we offer, challenges to the validity of certain intellectual property, reduced sales of certain products or services incorporating intellectual property, increased attrition and a variety of other factors. The amount of any quantified impairment must be expensed immediately as a charge to results of operations. Depending on future circumstances, it is possible that we may never realize the full value of our intangible assets. Any future determination of impairment of goodwill or other identifiable intangible assets could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
Insurance policies may not cover all of our operating risks and a casualty loss beyond the limits of our coverage could negatively impact our business.
We are subject to all of the operating hazards and risks normally incidental to the provision of our products and services and business operations. In addition to contractual provisions limiting our liability to subscribers and third parties, we maintain insurance policies in such amounts and with such coverage and deductibles as required by law and that we believe are reasonable and prudent. See “—We are exposed to greater risk of liability for employee acts or omissions or system failure than may be inherent in other businesses.” Nevertheless, such insurance may not be adequate to protect us from all the liabilities and expenses that may arise from claims for personal injury, death or property damage arising in the ordinary course of our business and current levels of insurance may not be able to be maintained or available at economical prices. If a significant liability claim is brought against us that is not covered by insurance, then we may have to pay the claim with our own funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Our business is concentrated in certain markets.
Our business is concentrated in certain markets. As of December 31, 2022, subscribers in Texas and California represented approximately 20% and 10%, respectively, of our total subscriber base. Accordingly, our business and results of operations are particularly susceptible to adverse economic, weather and other conditions in such markets and in other markets that may become similarly concentrated.
If the insurance industry changes its practice of providing incentives to homeowners for the use of residential electronic security services, we may experience a reduction in new subscriber growth or an increase in our subscriber attrition rate.
Some insurers provide a reduction in premium rates for insurance policies written on homes that have monitored electronic security systems. There can be no assurance that insurance companies will continue to offer these rate reductions. If these incentives were reduced or eliminated, homeowners who otherwise may not feel the need for our products or services would be removed from our potential subscriber pool, which could hinder the growth of our business, and existing subscribers may choose to cancel or not renew their contracts, which could increase our attrition rates. In either case, our results of operations and growth prospects could be adversely affected.
We have recorded net losses in the past and we may experience net losses in the future.
We have recorded consolidated net losses of $51.7 million, $305.6 million, and $603.3 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We may likely continue to record net losses in future periods.
The nature of our business requires the application of complex revenue and expense recognition rules and the current legislative and regulatory environment affecting generally accepted accounting principles is uncertain. Significant changes in current principles could affect our financial statements going forward and changes in financial accounting standards or practices may cause adverse, unexpected financial reporting fluctuations and harm our operating results.
The accounting rules and regulations that we must comply with are complex and subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. Recent actions and public comments from the FASB and the SEC have focused on the integrity of financial reporting and internal controls. In addition, many companies’ accounting policies are being subject to heightened scrutiny by regulators and the public. Further, the accounting rules and regulations are continually changing in ways that could materially impact our financial statements. For example, in May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as amended, which superseded nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance.
We are subject to various risks in connection with the ongoing settlement administration process involving the FTC, and may be subject to FTC Actions in the future.
As previously disclosed, in 2019, we received a civil investigative demand from the staff of the FTC concerning potential violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act and the “Red Flags Rule” thereunder, and the Federal Trade Commission Act. In April 2021, the Company entered into a settlement with the FTC that resolved this investigation. As part of this settlement, which was approved by a federal court on May 3, 2021, the Company paid a total of $20 million to the United States and agreed to implement various additional compliance-related measures.
We are currently in the process of administering the terms of this settlement, which include multiple undertakings by the Company. The Company has been endeavoring to comply with these undertakings and the demands on management and costs incurred in connection with these undertakings may be substantial. We have been engaged in ongoing discussions with the staff of the FTC regarding the Company’s compliance with the terms of the settlement. In addition, in accordance with the settlement, the Company is required to undergo biennial assessments by an independent third-party assessor who will review the Company’s compliance programs and provide a report to the FTC staff on our ongoing compliance with the settlement.
In the context of the regulatory inquiries discussed above, the Company has hired a Chief Ethics and Compliance Officer (CECO) who, under the oversight of the Audit Committee, has led the Company’s efforts to develop and implement a compliance program built upon a control architecture that is comprised of preventative and detective controls that are designed to reinforce our most critical processes. The Company has also formed a Corporate Compliance Committee, which provides management with clear line of sight reporting on the performance of the compliance program and areas for continuous improvement. If these and other measures that the Company may take in the future are not successful, it could adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition, and results of operations.
The Company completed its first biennial assessment during 2022 and received a report with no findings of non-compliance by the assessor. In connection with any subsequent assessment performed pursuant to the settlement, the assessor may identify deficiencies in the Company’s efforts to comply with the settlement and, should the FTC at any time make a determination that we are not in full compliance with the settlement, it could take further action against the Company such as seeking judicial remedies against us for any noncompliance, and we could be subject to additional sanctions and restrictions on our operations, which may seriously harm our financial position and results of operations and lead to other materially adverse consequences for our business. In addition, the filing of an application with the court against us for noncompliance with the settlement could lead to regulatory actions by other regulatory agencies or private litigation against us, could impact our ability to obtain regulatory approvals necessary to carry out our present or future plans and operations, and could result in negative publicity that might adversely affect our business.
Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness
Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition.
We have substantial indebtedness. Net cash interest paid for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 related to our
indebtedness (excluding finance or capital leases) totaled $143.8 million and $170.7 million, respectively. Our net cash flows from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, before these interest payments, were cash inflow of $183.2 million and cash inflow of $253.2 million, respectively. Accordingly, our net cash provided by operating activities were sufficient to cover interest payments for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $2.7 billion aggregate principal amount of total debt outstanding, all of which was issued or borrowed by APX and guaranteed by Vivint Smart Home, Inc., APX Group Holdings, Inc. and by substantially all of APX’s domestic subsidiaries, $1.9 billion of which was secured debt, which requires significant interest and principal payments. Subject to the limits contained in the agreements governing our existing indebtedness, we may be able to incur substantial additional debt from time to time to finance working capital, capital expenditures, investments or acquisitions, or for other purposes. If we do so, the risks related to our high level of debt could increase. Specifically, our high level of debt could have important consequences, including the following:
•making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to the notes and our other debt;
•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate requirements;
•requiring a substantial portion of our cash flows to be dedicated to debt service payments instead of other purposes, thereby reducing the amount of cash flows and future borrowings available for working capital, capital expenditures (including subscriber acquisition costs), acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;
•increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
•exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as certain of our borrowings are at variable rates of interest;
•limiting our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in the industry in which we compete;
•placing us at a disadvantage compared to other, less leveraged competitors; and
•increasing our cost of borrowing.
We may be able to incur significant additional indebtedness in the future.
Despite our current level of indebtedness, we may be able to incur substantially more debt and enter into other transactions, which could further exacerbate the risks to our financial condition described above. As of December 31, 2022, we had $358.9 million of availability under the revolving credit facility (after giving effect to $11.1 million of letters of credit outstanding and no borrowings). Moreover, although the debt agreements governing our existing indebtedness contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness and entering into certain types of other transactions, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions. Additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. These restrictions also do not prevent us from incurring obligations, such as trade payables, that do not constitute indebtedness as defined under our debt instruments. To the extent new debt is added to our current debt levels, the substantial leverage risks described in the previous risk factor would increase.
In addition, the exceptions to the restrictive covenants permit us to enter into certain other transactions. Accordingly, subject to market conditions, we opportunistically seek to access the credit and capital markets from time to time, whether to refinance or retire our existing indebtedness, for the investment in and operation of our business, or for other general corporate purposes. Such transactions may take the form of new or amended senior secured credit facilities, including term or revolving loans, secured or unsecured notes and/or other instruments or indebtedness. These transactions may result in an increase in our total indebtedness, secured indebtedness and/or debt service costs.
Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our indebtedness service obligations to increase significantly.
Borrowings under our Credit Agreement are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, would correspondingly decrease. Our variable rate indebtedness uses LIBOR as a benchmark for establishing the interest rate. LIBOR is the subject of recent national, international and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. In the event that LIBOR is entirely phased out as is currently expected, the Credit Agreement provides that the Company and the administrative agent thereunder may amend the Credit Agreement to replace the LIBOR definition included therein with a successor rate based on prevailing market convention. In the event no such successor rate has yet been established as market convention, the Company and the administrative agent under the Credit Agreement may select a different rate which is reasonably practicable for the administrative agent to administer subject to receiving consent, within 15 business days of notice of such change, from lenders holding at least a majority of the aggregate principal amount of commitments and loans then outstanding under the Credit
Agreement. The consequences of these developments cannot be entirely predicted, but could include an increase in the interest cost of our variable rate indebtedness.
We may be unable to service our indebtedness.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on and to refinance our indebtedness, including the notes, depends on and is subject to our financial and operating performance, which in turn is affected by general and regional economic, financial, competitive, business and other factors beyond our control, including the availability of financing in the international banking and capital markets. We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to service our debt, including the notes, to refinance our debt or to fund our other liquidity needs (including funding subscriber acquisition costs).
If we are unable to meet our debt service obligations or to fund our other liquidity needs, we will need to restructure or refinance all or a portion of our debt, including the notes, which could cause us to default on our debt obligations and impair our liquidity. Any refinancing of our indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants that could further restrict our business operations.
Moreover, in the event of a default, the holders of our indebtedness, including the notes, could elect to declare all the funds borrowed to be due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest. The lenders under our revolving credit facility could also elect to terminate their commitments thereunder, cease making further loans, and institute foreclosure proceedings against their collateral, and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. If we breach our covenants under our revolving credit facilities, we would be in default under the applicable credit facility. The lenders could exercise their rights, as described above, and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation.
The debt agreements governing our existing indebtedness impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and our subsidiaries, which may prevent us from capitalizing on business opportunities.
The debt agreements governing our existing indebtedness impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions limit our ability to, among other things:
•incur or guarantee additional debt or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock;
•pay dividends and make other distributions on, or redeem or repurchase, capital stock;
•make certain investments;
•incur certain liens;
•enter into transactions with affiliates;
•merge or consolidate;
•materially change the nature of our business;
•amend, prepay, redeem or purchase certain subordinated debt;
•enter into agreements that restrict the ability of certain subsidiaries to make dividends or other payments to the bond issuer; and
•transfer or sell assets.
In addition, our revolving credit facility requires that we maintain a consolidated first lien net leverage ratio of not more than 5.95 to 1.0 on the last day of each applicable test period.
As a result of these restrictions, we are limited as to how we conduct our business and we may be unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities. The terms of any future indebtedness we may incur could include more restrictive covenants. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain compliance with these covenants in the future and, if we fail to do so, that we will be able to obtain waivers from the lenders and/or amend the covenants.
Our failure to comply with the restrictive covenants described above as well as other terms of our existing indebtedness and/or the terms of any future indebtedness from time to time could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could result in our being required to repay these borrowings before their due date. If we are forced to refinance these borrowings on less favorable terms or cannot refinance these borrowings, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Our failure to comply with the agreements relating to our outstanding indebtedness, including as a result of events beyond our control, could result in an event of default that could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and our financial condition.
If there were an event of default under any of the agreements relating to our outstanding indebtedness, the holders of the defaulted debt could cause all amounts outstanding with respect to that debt to be due and payable immediately. We cannot assure you that our assets or cash flows would be sufficient to fully repay borrowings under our outstanding debt instruments if accelerated upon an event of default. Further, if we are unable to repay, refinance or restructure our indebtedness under our secured debt, the holders of such debt could proceed against the collateral securing that indebtedness. In addition, any event of default or declaration of acceleration under one debt instrument could also result in an event of default under one or more of our other debt instruments.
Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock
Our stock price may change significantly and you could lose all or part of your investment as a result.
The closing price of our Class A common stock during 2022 ranged from $3.45 to $11.91 per share and is likely to continue to be volatile. The stock market recently has experienced extreme volatility. This volatility often has been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. You may not be able to resell your shares at an attractive price due to a number of factors such as those listed in “—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry” and the following:
•results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;
•results of operations that vary from those of our competitors;
•changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates and investment recommendations by securities analysts and investors;
•declines in the market prices of stocks generally;
•strategic actions by us or our competitors;
•announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint ventures, other strategic relationships or capital commitments;
•any significant change in our management;
•changes in general economic or market conditions or trends in our industry or markets;
•changes in business or regulatory conditions, including new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;
•future sales of our common stock or other securities;
•investor perceptions or the investment opportunity associated with our common stock relative to other investment alternatives;
•the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by us or third parties, including our filings with the SEC;
•litigation involving us, our industry, or both, or investigations by regulators into our operations or those of our competitors;
•guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance or our failure to meet this guidance;
•the development and sustainability of an active trading market for our common stock;
•actions by institutional or activist stockholders;
•changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles; and
•other events or factors, including those resulting from natural disasters, acts of war (including the recent invasion of Ukraine by Russia), acts of terrorism or responses to these events.
These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our Class A common stock is low.
In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If the Company was involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of executive management from the Company’s business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.
Our warrants are accounted for as a liability and changes in the fair value of the warrants may have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial results and the market price for our Class A common stock.
On April 12, 2021, the staff of the SEC released the SEC Staff Statement informing market participants that warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies may require classification as a liability of the entity measured at fair value, with changes in fair value each period reported in earnings. As a result of the SEC Staff Statement, we reevaluated the accounting treatment of our warrants, which were classified as equity, and determined to reclassify the warrants as a liability measured at fair value, with changes in fair value each period reported in earnings. Due to the recurring fair value measurement, we expect to recognize non-cash gains or losses on the warrants each reporting period, and the amount of such gains or losses could be material, which may cause our consolidated financial statements and results of operations to fluctuate quarterly and may have an adverse impact on the market price of our Class A common stock.
Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by us or our stockholders in the public market could cause the market price for our Class A common stock to decline.
The sale of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of our Class A common stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that it deems appropriate.
Pursuant to a registration rights agreement, 313 Acquisition, LLC (“313 Acquisition”), certain stockholders of 313 Acquisition, Mosaic Sponsor, LLC, Fortress Mosaic Sponsor LLC and certain other stockholders named therein have exercised their right to require us to register the sale of their shares of our Class A common stock under the Securities Act. By exercising their registration rights and selling a large number of shares, these stockholders could cause the prevailing market price of our Class A common stock to decline. The shares covered by registration rights represent a substantial majority of our outstanding Class A common stock.
In March 2020, we filed a registration statement on Form S-8 to register 34.3 million shares of Class A common stock that have been issued or are reserved for issuance under our 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which includes shares of Class A common stock underlying restricted shares of Class A common stock, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock units that have been granted to our directors, executive officers and other employees as “substitute awards” pursuant to such 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan, all of which are subject to time-based vesting conditions, as well as all shares of Class A common stock underlying the hypothetical stock appreciation rights subject to each of our (i) Third Amended and Restated 2013 Long-Term Incentive Pool Plan for Lead Technicians, (ii) Second Amended and Restated 2013 Long- Term Incentive Pool Plan for Regional Technicians, (iii) Third Amended and Restated 2013 Long-Term Incentive Pool Plan for Sales Managers and (iv) Third Amended and Restated 2013 Long-Term Incentive Pool Plan for Regional Managers. Under our registration statement on Form S-8, subject to the satisfaction of applicable vesting periods, the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the satisfaction of all applicable vesting conditions tied to the aforementioned equity awards or upon exercise of any outstanding stock appreciation rights can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to volume limitations applicable to affiliates. We have registered and intend to similarly register all shares of Class A common stock that may be approved for issuance under the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan in the future pursuant to the evergreen provision thereof or otherwise.
In the future, we may also issue our securities in connection with investments or acquisitions. The number of shares of our Class A common stock issued in connection with an investment or acquisition could constitute a material portion of our then-outstanding shares of Class A common stock. Any issuance of additional securities in connection with investments or acquisitions may result in additional dilution to our stockholders.
Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents could delay or prevent a change of control.
Certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws (“Bylaws”) may have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a merger, acquisition, tender offer, takeover attempt or other change of control transaction that a stockholder might consider in our best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders.
These provisions provide for, among other things:
•the ability of the Board to issue one or more series of preferred stock;
•advance notice for nominations of directors by stockholders and for stockholders to include matters to be considered at our annual meetings;
•certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings;
•limiting the ability of stockholders to act by written consent;
•providing that the Board is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal the Bylaws;
•the removal of directors only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the shares of common stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors if the Stockholder Parties and their affiliates hold less than 30% of our outstanding shares of Class A common stock; and
•that certain provisions may be amended only by the affirmative vote of at least 30% of the shares of Class A common stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors if the Stockholder Parties and their affiliates hold less than 30% of our outstanding shares of Class A common stock.
These anti-takeover provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if the third- party’s offer may be considered beneficial by many of our stockholders. As a result, our stockholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions you desire.
The Certificate of Incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit the stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or stockholders.
The Certificate of Incorporation provides that, subject to limited exceptions, any (i) derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, stockholder or employee to us or our stockholders, (iii) action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws or (iv) action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be exclusively brought in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, another state or federal court located within the State of Delaware. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Certain significant Company stockholders whose interests may differ from those of Company public stockholders will have the ability to significantly influence our business and management.
Pursuant to the stockholders agreement (the “Stockholders Agreement”) that we entered into with Mosaic Sponsor, LLC and Fortress Mosaic Sponsor LLC (the “SPAC sponsors”), Blackstone and certain other parties thereto (collectively, the “Stockholder Parties”), Blackstone has the right to designate nominees for election to our Board at any meeting of its stockholders. The number of Blackstone Designees (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement) will be equal to (i) a majority of the total number of directors in the event that 313 Acquisition, Blackstone and their respective affiliates (collectively, the “313 Acquisition Entities”) beneficially own in the aggregate 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock, (ii) 40% of the total number of directors in the event that the 313 Acquisition Entities beneficially own in the aggregate more than 40%, but not 50% or more, of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock, (iii) 30% of the total number of directors in the event that the 313 Acquisition Entities beneficially own in the aggregate more than 30%, but not more than 40%, of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock, (iv) 20% of the total number of directors in the event that the 313 Acquisition Entities beneficially own in the aggregate more than 20%, but not more than 30%, of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and (v) 10% of the total number of directors in the event that the 313 Acquisition Entities beneficially own in the aggregate more than 5%, but not more than 20% of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock.
Under the Stockholders Agreement, we agreed to nominate one director designated by Fortress Mosaic Investor LLC to our Board (the “Fortress Designee”) so long as the Fortress Holders (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement) beneficially own at least 50% of the shares of our Class A common stock the Fortress Holders own immediately following the consummation of the Merger; provided that the Fortress Designee must be (A) Andrew McKnight, (B) Max Saffian or (C) another senior employee or principal of Fortress Investment Group who is acceptable to a majority of the members of the board of directors of the Company.
Under the Stockholders Agreement, we agreed to nominate one director designated by the Summit Designator (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement) to our Board so long as the Summit Holders (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement) beneficially own at least 50% of the shares of our Class A Common Stock they own immediately following the consummation of the Merger.
Accordingly, the persons party to the Stockholders Agreement will be able to significantly influence the approval of actions requiring Board approval through their voting power. Such stockholders will retain significant influence with respect to our management, business plans and policies, including the appointment and removal of its officers. In particular, the persons party to the Stockholder Agreement could influence whether acquisitions, dispositions and other change of control transactions are approved.
Affiliates of Blackstone exert significant influence on the Company, and their interests may conflict with ours or yours in the future.
As of February 24, 2023, affiliates of Blackstone beneficially own approximately 47% of our Class A common stock. For so long as Blackstone continues to own a significant percentage of our Class A common stock, Blackstone will still be able to significantly influence the composition of our board of directors and the approval of actions requiring stockholder approval. Accordingly, for such period of time, Blackstone will have significant influence with respect to our management, business plans and policies, including the appointment and removal of our officers. In particular, for so long as affiliates of Blackstone continues to own a significant percentage of our Class A common stock, Blackstone will be able to cause or prevent a change of control of the Company or a change in the composition of the Company’s board of directors and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of the Company. The concentration of ownership could deprive you of an opportunity to receive a premium for your shares of common stock as part of a sale of the Company and ultimately might affect the market price of our Class A common stock. In addition, Blackstone may have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures and other transactions that, in its judgment, could enhance its investment, even though such transactions might involve risks to you. For example, Blackstone could cause us to make acquisitions that increase our indebtedness or cause us to sell revenue-generating assets. In certain circumstances, acquisitions of debt at a discount by purchasers that are related to a debtor can give rise to cancellation of indebtedness income to such debtor for U.S. federal income tax purposes. So long as affiliates of Blackstone continues to own a significant amount of our combined voting power, even if such amount is less than 50%, Blackstone will continue to be able to strongly influence or effectively control our decisions.
Notwithstanding Blackstone’s control of or substantial influence over us, we may from time to time enter into transactions with Blackstone and its affiliates, or enter into transactions in which Blackstone or its affiliates otherwise have a direct or indirect material interest. In connection with the Merger, the Company adopted a formal written policy for the review and approval of transactions with related persons.
Certain of our stockholders, including Blackstone, the SPAC sponsors and affiliates of Summit Partners, L.P., may engage in business activities which compete with the Company or otherwise conflict with the Company’s interests.
Blackstone, the SPAC sponsors, affiliates of Summit Partners, L.P. and certain other Stockholder Parties and their respective affiliates are in the business of making investments in companies and may from time to time acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that none of the Stockholder Parties, any of their respective affiliates or any director who is not employed by us (including any non-employee director who serves as one of our officers in both his director and officer capacities) or his or her affiliates has any duty to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same business activities or similar business activities or lines of business in which we operate. The Stockholder Parties also may pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to the Company’s business and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us.
General Risk Factors
If we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting at a reasonable assurance level, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, investor confidence in our business and the trading prices of our securities.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. If material weaknesses in our internal controls are discovered, they may adversely affect our ability to record, process, summarize and accurately report timely financial information and, as a result, our financial statements may contain material misstatements or omissions.
In addition, it is possible that control deficiencies could be identified by our management or by our independent registered public accounting firm in the future or may occur without being identified. Such a failure could result in regulatory scrutiny and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial condition, lead to a default under our indebtedness and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flow or results of operations.
If securities analysts do not continue to publish research or reports about our business, or if they downgrade our stock or our sector, stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock depends in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not control these analysts. In addition, some financial analysts may have limited expertise with our model and operations. Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who does cover us downgrades our stock or industry, or the stock of any of its competitors, or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause the Company’s stock price or trading volume to decline.
Catastrophic events may disrupt our business.
Unforeseen events, or the prospect of such events, including acts of war (including the recent invasion of Ukraine by Russia), terrorism and other international conflicts, public health issues including health epidemics or pandemics, such as COVID-19, and natural disasters such as fire, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados or other adverse weather and climate conditions, whether occurring in the United States, Canada or elsewhere, could disrupt our operations, disrupt the operations of suppliers or subscribers or result in political or economic instability. These events could reduce demand for our products and services, make it difficult or impossible to receive equipment from suppliers or impair our ability to market our products and services and/or deliver products and services to subscribers on a timely basis. Any such disruption could also damage our reputation and cause subscriber attrition. We could also be subject to claims or litigation with respect to losses caused by such disruptions. Our property and business interruption insurance may not cover a particular event at all or be sufficient to fully cover our losses.