Form 6-K - Report of foreign issuer [Rules 13a-16 and 15d-16]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

Form 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN ISSUER PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-16 OR 15D-16 UNDER

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of: February 2024 Commission File Number: 1-31402

CAE INC.

(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

8585 Cote de Liesse

Saint-Laurent, Quebec

Canada H4T 1G6

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:

Form 20-F ___ Form 40-F X

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

This report on Form 6-K and the exhibits hereto are specifically incorporated by reference into the registration statement on Form F-10 (File No. 333-250113) and the registration statements on Form S-8 (File Nos. 333-155366, 333-213708, 333-267775, 333-275323 and 333-97185), of CAE Inc.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

CAE Inc.

Date: February 14, 2024 By: /s/ Mark Hounsell

Name: Mark Hounsell

Title: General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and Corporate Secretary

EXHIBIT INDEX

99.1 Press Release

99.2 2024 Q3 Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Press Release

CAE reports third quarter fiscal 2024 results

•Revenue of $1,094.5 million vs. $969.9 million in prior year

•Earnings per share (EPS) from continuing operations of $0.18 vs. $0.24 in prior year

•Adjusted EPS(1) of $0.24 vs. $0.27 in prior year

•Operating income of $121.6 million vs. $142.1 million in prior year

•Adjusted segment operating income(1) of $145.1 million vs. $156.8 million in prior year

•Adjusted order intake(1) of $1,273.9 million for an $11.7 billion adjusted backlog(1)

•Net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA(1) of 3.16x vs. 3.25x at the end of the preceding quarter

•Comparative figures have been reclassified to reflect discontinued operations

Montreal, Canada, February 14, 2024 - (NYSE: CAE; TSX: CAE) - CAE Inc. (CAE or the Company) today reported revenue of $1,094.5 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2024, compared with $969.9 million in the third quarter last year. Third quarter EPS from continuing operations was $0.18 compared to $0.24 last year. Adjusted EPS in the third quarter was $0.24 compared to $0.27 last year.

Operating income this quarter was $121.6 million (11.1% of revenue(1)), compared to $142.1 million (14.7% of revenue) last year. Third quarter adjusted segment operating income was $145.1 million (13.3% of revenue(1)) compared to $156.8 million (16.2% of revenue) last year. All financial information is in Canadian dollars and results are presented on a continuing operations basis, unless otherwise indicated.


Summary of consolidated results
(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)		Q3-2024		Q3-2023	Variance %
Revenue	$	1,094.5	$	969.9	13	%
Operating income	$	121.6	$	142.1	(14	%)
Adjusted segment operating income(1)	$	145.1	$	156.8	(7	%)
As a % of revenue(1)	%	13.3	%	16.2



Net income attributable to equity holders of the Company	$	56.5	$	78.1	(28	%)
Earnings per share (EPS) from continuing operations	$	0.18	$	0.24	(25	%)
EPS from discontinued operations	$	(0.01)	$	0.01	(200	%)
Adjusted EPS(1)	$	0.24	$	0.27	(11	%)



Adjusted order intake(1)	$	1,273.9	$	1,189.7	7	%
Adjusted backlog(1)	$	11,746.3	$	10,795.1	9	%

(1) This press release includes non-IFRS financial measures, non-IFRS ratios, capital management measures and supplementary financial measures. These measures are not standardized financial measures prescribed under IFRS and therefore should not be confused with, or used as an alternative for, performance measures calculated according to IFRS. Furthermore, these measures should not be compared with similarly titled measures provided or used by other issuers. Refer to the Non-IFRS and other financial measures section of this press release for the definitions and a reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

“Our performance in the third quarter reflects strong underlying demand for our Civil market solutions, and points to the ongoing progress to transform our Defense business. We also generated strong free cash flow, enabling us to bolster our financial position in line with our leverage targets,” said Marc Parent, CAE’s President and Chief Executive Officer. “Further securing CAE’s future, we booked nearly $1.3 billion in total order intake during the quarter, for an $11.7 billion backlog. In Civil, orders were $845 million, for a 1.36 times book-to-sales ratio, including 20 full-flight simulator orders, new training partnerships with marquee airlines such as Air France KLM Group, and over $300 million of business jet training orders. We have considerable headroom for growth in the civil aviation market and our continued positive momentum underscores the strong demand for CAE’s highly differentiated training and flight services solutions and our ability to win share within this large secular growth market. In Defense, performance was consistent with our expectations at this point on the path toward being able to generate higher margins. We continued to replenish our backlog with more profitable work and sought to further accelerate the retirement of outstanding program risks, mainly associated with certain legacy Defense contracts that we entered into pre-COVID and have been most impacted by economic headwinds.

As we look to the remainder of the fiscal year, we continue to expect annual Civil adjusted segment operating income growth in the mid- to high-teens percentage range. In Defense, our focus remains on completing the remaining work scope on legacy contracts and as much as possible, accelerating risk retirements in the fourth quarter and into fiscal 2025. We expect to close the sale of our Healthcare business before the end of the fiscal year, subject to closing conditions, including customary regulatory approvals. This is a milestone toward the reinstatement of cash returns to shareholders and the Board is now actively evaluating options in terms of the form, quantum, and timing of such returns.”

Civil Aviation (Civil)

Third quarter Civil revenue was $622.1 million vs. $517.4 million in the third quarter last year. Operating income was $101.0 million (16.2% of revenue) compared to $117.2 million (22.7% of revenue) in the same quarter last year. Adjusted segment operating income was $124.2 million (20.0% of revenue) compared to $131.4 million (25.4% of revenue) in the third quarter last year. During the quarter, Civil delivered 13 full-flight simulators (FFSs) to customers and third quarter Civil training centre utilization was 76%.

During the quarter, Civil signed training solutions contracts valued at $845.4 million, including a range of long-term commercial and business aviation training agreements and 20 FFS sales, for a total of 57 as of the end of the third quarter of the fiscal year. Notable awards in the quarter included long-term training services contracts with marquee airlines including Air France KLM Group, and it renewed a flight services agreement with Azul Linhas Aereas Brasileiras. Business aviation accounted for over $300 million of Civil adjusted order intake in the third quarter, driven primarily by training services agreements with U.S. based customers including, Solairus Aviation and Clay Lacy Aviation.

The Civil book-to-sales ratio(1) was a robust 1.36 times for the quarter and 1.27 times for the last 12 months. The Civil adjusted backlog at the end of the quarter was a record $6.1 billion.


Summary of Civil Aviation results
(amounts in millions)		Q3-2024		Q3-2023	Variance %
Revenue	$	622.1	$	517.4	20	%
Operating income	$	101.0	$	117.2	(14	%)
Adjusted segment operating income	$	124.2	$	131.4	(5	%)
As a % of revenue	%	20.0	%	25.4


Adjusted order intake	$	845.4	$	713.0	19	%
Adjusted backlog	$	6,119.8	$	5,647.6	8	%

Supplementary non-financial information
Simulator equivalent unit		275		263	5	%
FFSs in CAE’s network		336		323	4	%
FFS deliveries		13		9	44	%
Utilization rate	%	76	%	73	4	%

Defense and Security (Defense)

Third quarter Defense revenue was $472.4 million vs. $452.5 million in the third quarter last year. Operating income was $20.6 million (4.4% of revenue) compared to $24.9 million (5.5% of revenue) in the same quarter last year. Adjusted segment operating income was $20.9 million (4.4% of revenue), compared to $25.4 million (5.6% of revenue) in the third quarter last year.

Additional information pertaining to Defense Legacy Contracts

Within Defense, there are a number of fixed-price contracts which offer certain potential advantages and efficiencies but can also be negatively impacted by execution difficulties and adverse changes to general economic conditions, including unforeseen supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures and availability of labour. These risks can result in cost overruns and reduced profit margins or losses. While these risks can often be managed or mitigated, there are eight distinct legacy contracts entered into prior to the COVID-19 pandemic that are firm fixed price in structure, with little to no provision for cost escalation, and that have been more significantly impacted by these risks (the Legacy Contracts). Although they represent only a small fraction of the current business, these contracts have disproportionately impacted overall Defense profitability.

For the third quarter of fiscal 2024, the ongoing execution of Legacy Contracts had a negative impact of approximately two percentage points on the Defense adjusted segment operating income margin.

Management is closely monitoring these Legacy Contracts as a separate group and continues to be highly focused on the execution and the retirement of these Legacy Contracts and mitigating the finite cost pressures associated with them. These Legacy Contracts have completion dates mainly within the Company’s next two fiscal years and the risks associated with them will be reduced as they are substantially retired over the next 6 to 8 quarters with variability in quarterly financial impacts resulting from the timing of program close outs, customer acceptance, and the ability to mitigate associated risks and costs as we continue to execute them.

Defense booked orders for $428.5 million this quarter involving simulation-based training, support services and mission solutions. Notable awards include a maintenance contract with the U.S. Air Force for its F-16 training devices and the continuation of training services on the C-130H transport and KC-135 tanker platforms. Defense orders also include an option exercise for the U.S. Army for fixed-wing flight training and support services at the CAE Dothan Training Center.

The Defense book-to-sales ratio was 0.91 times for the quarter and 0.90 times for the last 12 months. The Defense adjusted backlog, including unfunded contract awards and CAE’s interest in joint ventures, at the end of the quarter was $5.6 billion, up from $5.1 billion at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The Defense pipeline remains strong with some $9.5 billion of bids and proposals pending.


Summary of Defense and Security results
(amounts in millions)		Q3-2024		Q3-2023	Variance %
Revenue	$	472.4	$	452.5	4	%
Operating income	$	20.6	$	24.9	(17	%)
Adjusted segment operating income	$	20.9	$	25.4	(18	%)
As a % of revenue	%	4.4	%	5.6


Adjusted order intake	$	428.5	$	476.7	(10	%)
Adjusted backlog	$	5,626.5	$	5,147.5	9	%

Additional financial highlights

CAE incurred restructuring, integration and acquisition costs of $23.5 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2024 relating mainly to the acquisition of Sabre’s AirCentre airline operations portfolio. These expenses related to the integration of AirCentre are expected to wind down by the end of the first half of fiscal 2025.

Net finance expense this quarter amounted to $52.4 million, compared to $47.1 million in the preceding quarter and $47.7 million in the third quarter last year.

Income tax expense this quarter amounted to $8.2 million, representing an effective tax rate of 12%, compared to 17% for the third quarter last year. The adjusted effective tax rate(1), which is the income tax rate used to

determine adjusted net income and adjusted EPS, was 15% this quarter as compared to 18% in the third quarter of last year. The decrease in the adjusted effective tax rate was mainly attributable to the mix of income from various jurisdictions.

Net loss from discontinued operations was $1.9 million this quarter compared to a net income from discontinued operations of $2.1 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The decrease compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023 was mainly attributable to transaction costs of $2.2 million incurred in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 in relation to the expected sale of the Healthcare business.


Summary of results from discontinued operations
(amounts in millions)	Q3-2024		Q3-2023
Revenue	$	36.0	$	50.4
Expenses	34.3		46.6
Operating income	$	1.7	$	3.8
Transaction costs	2.2		—
Finance expense	1.1		1.1
(Loss) earnings before income taxes	$	(1.6)	$	2.7
Income tax expense	0.3		0.6
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations	$	(1.9)	$	2.1

Net cash provided by operating activities was $220.8 million for the quarter, compared to $252.4 million in the third quarter last year. Free cash flow(1) was $190.0 million for the quarter compared to $239.8 million in the third quarter last year. The decrease was mainly due to a lower contribution from non-cash working capital and higher payments to equity accounted investees to invest in Civil training network expansion in support of long-term customer agreements.

Growth and maintenance capital expenditures(1) totaled $85.6 million this quarter.

Net debt(1) at the end of the quarter was $3,085.4 million for a net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA(1) of 3.16 times. This compares to net debt of $3,184.5 million and a net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA of 3.25 times at the end of the preceding quarter. The impact of the reclassification of adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations on the net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA ratio was an increase of 0.07 for December 31, 2023, and 0.09 for September 30, 2023.

Adjusted return on capital employed(1) was 7.0% this quarter compared to 7.1% last quarter and 5.5% in the third quarter last year.

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)

During the quarter, CAE continued to demonstrate its commitment to sustainability, diversity, and ethical business practices. The company was honored to be selected as one of Canada’s Top 100 Employers and Top Employers for Young People for the 2nd and 4th consecutive year respectively, reflecting its dedication to anticipating employees’ needs, fostering an innovative and inclusive work environment, and promoting the aerospace industry as a career destination for the next generation of talent. CAE was also recognized with the Government of Canada’s 2023 Employment Equity Achievement Award sector distinction in November 2023, underscoring its commitment to diversity and inclusion, and its efforts to inspire future generations of women pilots. In terms of sustainability, CAE achieved significant improvements in its S&P CSA and CDP scores and was included in the S&P 2024 Global Sustainability index, placing it among the top 15% of its industry. CAE also strengthened its governance framework by reviewing its business performance policies and introducing a new business partner risk management policy and due diligence framework, further enhancing its ethical business practices.

For more information on how CAE supports the aviation industry’s decarbonization journey and contributes to a more sustainable future for all, the report can be downloaded at https://www.cae.com/social-responsibility/.

Management outlook

CAE is pursuing a growth strategy to become a bigger, stronger, and more profitable company. Through accretive growth capital deployments and strong execution, its Civil segment, the largest within CAE, continues to experience strong growth momentum. Management has targeted a three-year (FY22-FY25) EPS compound growth rate in the mid-20% range, expected to come from ongoing strong performance in Civil and the multi-year transformation underway in Defense. The realization of CAE’s strategic growth objectives is expected to result in a significantly larger base of business and a capital structure that affords flexibility to balance further investments in its future alongside capital returns for shareholders.

Management has a highly positive view of its growth potential over a multi-year period, underpinned by favourable secular trends across business segments. It expects Civil to continue growing at an above market rate, driven by growth and recovery in air travel, increased penetration of the existing addressable market for training and flight services solutions, and a sustained high level of demand for pilots and pilot training across all segments of civil aviation. In fiscal 2024, driven in large part by an expected strong margin in the fourth quarter, management continues to expect mid-to high-teens percentage range growth in annual adjusted segment operating income. On an annual basis, Management continues to expect the Civil adjusted segment operating income margin to be in the range of fiscal 2023. In addition to growing its share of the aviation training market and expanding its position in digital flight services, Civil expects to maintain its leading share of FFS sales and to deliver approximately 50 FFSs for the year to customers worldwide.

CAE’s Defense segment is in the process of a multi-year transformation, which is expected to yield a substantially bigger and more profitable business. Since transforming its scale and capabilities through acquisition in fiscal 2022, Defense has become the world's leading pure-play, platform independent, training and simulation business, providing solutions across all five domains, and has grown its adjusted backlog by over 20 percent. Defense’s recent strategic program wins, $5.6 billion adjusted backlog and $9.5 billion pipeline of bids and proposals outstanding demonstrate that its transformation strategy is bearing fruit. Over the long-term, CAE continues to expect superior Defense growth to be driven by the translation of its bid activity into higher margin adjusted order intake and execution of contracts with sustainably higher profits.

For the remainder of fiscal 2024, Defense expects to continue replenishing its adjusted backlog with larger and more profitable contracts and to accelerate the retirement of risks associated with the Legacy Contracts which have been an acute drag on overall Defense profitability. Management is closely monitoring these contracts as a separate group with a dedicated team that continues to be highly focused on the execution and the substantial retirement of these Legacy Contract risks over the next six to eight quarters. Despite our efforts, management notes the potential risk of additional cost overruns, reduced profit margins, or further losses arising from the Legacy Contracts, with variability in quarterly financial impacts resulting from the timing of program close outs, customer acceptance, and Defense’s ability to mitigate associated risks and costs. Through backlog replenishment and the Legacy Contract closeouts, the anticipated positive inflection in Defense performance is expected to begin to appear in the second half of the next fiscal year, and will also depend on the duration and magnitude of delays to new programs in the current environment.

Total capital expenditures in fiscal 2024 are expected to be approximately $50 million higher than last fiscal year, mainly in support of a higher amount of market-led, accretive organic investments involving Civil aviation training network expansion, simulator deployments, and customer training outsourcings. The Company usually sees a higher investment in non-cash working capital accounts in the first half of the fiscal year, and as in previous years, management expects a portion of the non-cash working capital investment to reverse in the second half. The Company continues to target a 100% conversion of adjusted net income to free cash flow for the year. The Company intends to apply a significant portion of the net proceeds from the sale of its Healthcare division, subject to closing conditions, including customary regulatory approvals, to reduce debt. Management remains focused on making organic investments in lockstep with customer demand, integrating and ramping up recent investments and continuing to deleverage its balance sheet. Management will continue to prioritize a balanced approach to capital allocation, including funding accretive growth, further strengthening its financial position, and returning capital to shareholders. CAE expects its average adjusted effective income tax rate for the remainder of the fiscal year to be approximately 22%.

Management’s outlook for fiscal 2024 and the above targets and expectations constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable securities laws, and are based on a number of assumptions, including in relation to prevailing market conditions, macroeconomic and geopolitical factors, supply chains and

labor markets. As the basis of its fiscal 2024 outlook, management assumes no further disruptions to the global economy, air traffic, CAE’s operations, and its ability to deliver products and services. Expectations are also subject to a number of risks and uncertainties and based on assumptions about customer receptivity to CAE’s training solutions and operational support solutions as well as material assumptions contained in this press release, quarterly Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) and in CAE’s fiscal 2023 MD&A, all available on our website (www.cae.com), SEDAR+ (www.SEDARplus.ca) and EDGAR (www.sec.gov). Please see the sections below entitled: “Caution concerning forward-looking statements”, “Material assumptions” and “Material risks”.

Detailed information

Readers are strongly advised to view a more detailed discussion of our results by segment in the MD&A and CAE’s consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, which are available on our website (www.cae.com), SEDAR+ (www.SEDARplus.ca) and EDGAR (www.sec.gov). Holders of CAE’s securities may also request a printed copy of the Company's consolidated financial statements and MD&A free of charge by contacting Investor Relations (investor.relations@cae.com).

Conference call Q3 FY2024

Marc Parent, CAE President and CEO; Sonya Branco, Executive Vice President, Finance, and CFO; and Andrew Arnovitz, Senior Vice President, Investor Relations and Enterprise Risk Management, will conduct an earnings conference call today at 2:00 p.m. ET. The call is intended for analysts, institutional investors and the media. Participants can listen to the conference by dialing + 1 877 586 3392 or +1 416 981 9024. The conference call will also be audio webcast live at www.cae.com.

At CAE, we equip people in critical roles with the expertise and solutions to create a safer world. As a technology company, we digitalize the physical world, deploying software-based simulation training and critical operations support solutions. Above all else, we empower pilots, cabin crew, airlines, and defence and security forces to perform at their best every day and when the stakes are the highest. Around the globe, we’re everywhere customers need us to be with more than 13,000 employees in approximately 250 sites and training locations in over 40 countries. CAE represents more than 75 years of industry firsts–the highest‑fidelity flight and mission simulators as well as training programs powered by digital technologies. We embed sustainability in everything we do. Today and tomorrow, we’ll make sure our customers are ready for the moments that matter.

Caution concerning limitations of summary earnings press release

This summary earnings press release contains limited information meant to assist the reader in assessing CAE’s performance, but it is not a suitable source of information for readers who are unfamiliar with CAE and is not in any way a substitute for the Company’s financial statements, notes to the financial statements, and MD&A reports.

Caution concerning forward-looking statements

This press release includes forward-looking statements about our activities, events and developments that we expect to or anticipate may occur in the future including, for example, statements about our vision, strategies, market trends and outlook, future revenues, earnings, cash flow growth, profit trends, growth capital spending, expansions and new initiatives, including initiatives that pertain to ESG matters, financial obligations, available liquidities, expected sales, general economic and political outlook, inflation trends, prospects and trends of an industry, expected annual recurring cost savings from operational excellence programs, our management of the supply chain, estimated addressable markets, demands for CAE’s products and services, our access to capital resources, our financial position, the expected accretion in various financial metrics, the expected capital returns to shareholders, the sale of our Healthcare business (the Sale Transaction), the anticipated benefits and expected impacts therefrom on CAE’s strategic and operational plans and financial results, the expected terms, conditions (including receipt of necessary regulatory approvals) and completion of the Sale Transaction, the anticipated cash consideration therefrom and the timing for completion thereof, our business outlook, business opportunities, objectives, development, plans, growth strategies and other strategic priorities, and our competitive and leadership position in our markets, the expansion of our market shares, CAE's ability and preparedness to respond to demand for new technologies, the sustainability of our operations, the ability of CAE to retire the Legacy Contracts as expected and to manage and mitigate the risks associated therewith, the impact of the retirement of the Legacy Contracts, notably on the expected positive inflection on underlying profit performance in the second half of fiscal 2025, and other statements that are not historical facts.

Since forward-looking statements and information relate to future events or future performance and reflect current expectations or beliefs regarding future events, they are typically identified by words such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “likely”, “may”, “plan”, “seek”, “should”, “will”, "strategy", "future" or the negative thereof or other variations thereon suggesting future outcomes or statements regarding an outlook. All such statements constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation and “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

By their nature, forward-looking statements require us to make assumptions and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties associated with our business which may cause actual results in future periods to differ materially from results indicated in forward-looking statements. While these statements are based on management’s expectations and assumptions regarding historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that we believe are reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements as there is a risk that they may not be accurate. The forward-looking statements contained in this press release describe our expectations as of February 14, 2024, and, accordingly, are subject to change after such date. Except as required by law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The forward-looking information and statements contained in this press release are expressly qualified by this cautionary statement. In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this press release. While we believe that information provides a reasonable basis for these statements, that information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements. Except as otherwise indicated by CAE, forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any special items or of any dispositions, monetizations, mergers, acquisitions, other business combinations or other transactions that may occur after February 14, 2024.The financial impact of these transactions and special items can be complex and depends on the facts particular to each of them. We therefore cannot describe the expected impact in a meaningful way or in the same way we present known risks affecting our business. Forward-looking statements are presented in this press release for the purpose of assisting investors and others in understanding certain key

elements of our expected fiscal 2024 financial results and in obtaining a better understanding of our anticipated operating environment. Readers are cautioned that such information may not be appropriate for other purposes.

Material assumptions

The forward-looking statements set out in this press release are based on certain assumptions including, without limitation: the prevailing market conditions, geopolitical instability, the customer receptivity to our training and operational support solutions, the accuracy of our estimates of addressable markets and market opportunity, the realization of anticipated annual recurring cost savings and other intended benefits from restructuring initiatives and operational excellence programs, the ability to respond to anticipated inflationary pressures and our ability to pass along rising costs through increased prices, the actual impact to supply, production levels, and costs from global supply chain logistics challenges, the stability of foreign exchange rates, the ability to hedge exposures to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates, the availability of borrowings to be drawn down under, and the utilization, of one or more of our senior credit agreements, our available liquidity from cash and cash equivalents, undrawn amounts on our revolving credit facility, the balance available under our receivable purchase facility, the assumption that our cash flows from operations and continued access to debt funding will be sufficient to meet financial requirements in the foreseeable future, access to expected capital resources within anticipated timeframes, no material financial, operational or competitive consequences from changes in regulations affecting our business, our ability to retain and attract new business, our ability to effectively execute and retire the Legacy Contracts while managing the risks associated therewith, our ability to achieve synergies and maintain market position arising from successful integration plans relating to the L3H MT and AirCentre acquisitions, our ability to otherwise complete the integration of the L3H MT and AirCentre businesses acquired within anticipated time periods and at expected cost levels, our ability to attract and retain key employees in connection with the L3H MT and AirCentre acquisitions, management's estimates and expectations in relation to future economic and business conditions and other factors in relation to the L3H MT and AirCentre acquisitions and resulting impact on growth and accretion in various financial metrics, the realization of the expected strategic, financial and other benefits of the L3H MT and AirCentre acquisitions in the timeframe anticipated, economic and political environments and industry conditions, the accuracy and completeness of public and other disclosure, including financial disclosure, by L3Harris Technologies and AirCentre, the absence of significant undisclosed costs or liabilities associated with the L3H MT and AirCentre acquisitions, the satisfaction of all closing conditions of the Sale Transaction, including receipt of all necessary regulatory approvals and other consents and approvals in a timely manner and on terms acceptable to CAE, our ability to otherwise complete the Sale Transaction within anticipated time periods and at expected cost levels, management's estimates and expectations in relation to future economic and business conditions and other factors in relation to the Sale Transaction, the realization of the expected strategic, financial and other benefits of the Sale Transaction in the timeframe anticipated (including receipt of expected proceeds and intended use thereof), and fulfillment by the other parties of their respective obligations, commitments and undertakings pursuant to the Sale Transaction documentation. Air travel is a major driver for CAE's business and management relies on analysis from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) to inform its assumptions about the rate and profile of recovery in its key civil aviation market. Accordingly, the assumptions outlined in this press release and, consequently, the forward‑looking statements based on such assumptions, may turn out to be inaccurate.

Material risks

Important risks that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by our forward-looking statements are set out in CAE’s MD&A for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 and MD&A for the three months ended December 31, 2023, available on our website (www.cae.com), SEDAR+ (www.SEDARplus.ca) and EDGAR (www.sec.gov). Readers are cautioned that any of the disclosed risks could have a material adverse effect on our forward-looking statements. We caution that the disclosed list of risk factors is not exhaustive and other factors could also adversely affect our results.

Non-IFRS and other financial measures

This press release includes non-IFRS financial measures, non-IFRS ratios, capital management measures and supplementary financial measures. These measures are not standardized financial measures prescribed under IFRS and therefore should not be confused with, or used as an alternative for, performance measures calculated according to IFRS. Furthermore, these measures should not be compared with similarly titled measures provided or used by other issuers. Management believes that these measures provide additional insight into our operating performance and trends and facilitate comparisons across reporting periods.

Certain non-IFRS and other financial measures are provided on a consolidated basis and separately for each of our segments (Civil Aviation and Defense and Security) since we analyze their results and performance separately.

Reconciliations and calculations of non-IFRS measures to the most directly comparable measures under IFRS are also set forth below in the section Reconciliations and Calculations of this press release.

Performance measures

Operating income margin (or operating income as a % of revenue)

Operating income margin is a supplementary financial measure calculated by dividing our operating income by revenue for a given period. We track it because we believe it provides an enhanced understanding of our operating performance and facilitates the comparison across reporting periods.

Adjusted segment operating income or loss

Adjusted segment operating income or loss is a non-IFRS financial measure that gives us an indication of the profitability of each segment because it does not include the impact of any items not specifically related to the segment’s performance. We calculate adjusted segment operating income by taking operating income and adjusting for restructuring, integration and acquisition costs, and impairments and other gains and losses arising from significant strategic transactions or specific events. Impairments and other gains and losses arising from significant strategic transactions or specific events consist of the impairment reversal of non-financial assets following their repurposing and optimization (as described in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2023) and cloud computing transition adjustment (as described in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022). We track adjusted segment operating income because we believe it provides an enhanced understanding of our operating performance and facilitates the comparison across reporting periods. Adjusted segment operating income on a consolidated basis is a total of segments measure since it is the profitability measure employed by management for making decisions about allocating resources to segments and assessing segment performance.

Adjusted segment operating income margin (or adjusted segment operating income as a % of revenue)

Adjusted segment operating income margin is a non-IFRS ratio calculated by dividing our adjusted segment operating income by revenue for a given period. We track it because we believe it provides an enhanced understanding of our operating performance and facilitates the comparison across reporting periods.

Adjusted effective tax rate

Adjusted effective tax rate is a supplementary financial measure that represents the effective tax rate on adjusted net income or loss. It is calculated by dividing our income tax expense by our earnings before income taxes, adjusting for the same items used to determine adjusted net income or loss. We track it because we believe it provides an enhanced understanding of the impact of changes in income tax rates and the mix of income on our operating performance and facilitates the comparison across reporting periods.

Adjusted net income or loss

Adjusted net income or loss is a non-IFRS financial measure we use as an alternate view of our operating results. We calculate it by taking our net income attributable to equity holders of the Company from continuing operations and adjusting for restructuring, integration and acquisition costs, and impairments and other gains and losses arising from significant strategic transactions or specific events, after tax, as well as significant one-time tax items. Impairments and other gains and losses arising from significant strategic transactions or specific events consist of the impairment reversal of non-financial assets following their repurposing and optimization (as described in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2023) and cloud computing transition adjustment (as described in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022). We track adjusted net income because we believe it provides an enhanced understanding of our operating performance and facilitates the comparison across reporting periods.

Adjusted earnings or loss per share (EPS)

Adjusted earnings or loss per share is a non-IFRS ratio calculated by dividing adjusted net income or loss by the weighted average number of diluted shares. We track it because we believe it provides an enhanced understanding of our operating performance on a per share basis and facilitates the comparison across reporting periods.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA is a non-IFRS financial measure which comprises net income or loss from continuing operations before income taxes, finance expense – net, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA further adjusts for restructuring, integration and acquisition costs, and impairments and other gains and losses arising from significant strategic transactions or specific events. Impairments and other gains and losses arising from significant strategic transactions or specific events consist of the impairment reversal of non-financial assets following their repurposing and optimization (as described in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2023) and cloud computing transition adjustment (as described in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022). We use EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our operating performance, by eliminating the impact of non-operational or non-cash items.

Free cash flow

Free cash flow is a non-IFRS financial measure that shows us how much cash we have available to invest in growth opportunities, repay debt and meet ongoing financial obligations. We use it as an indicator of our financial strength and liquidity. We calculate it by taking the net cash generated by our continuing operating activities, subtracting maintenance capital expenditures, changes in enterprise resource planning (ERP) and other assets not related to growth and dividends paid and adding proceeds from the disposal of property, plant and equipment, dividends received from equity accounted investees and proceeds, net of payments, from equity accounted investees.

Liquidity and Capital Structure measures

Adjusted return on capital employed (ROCE)

Adjusted ROCE is a non-IFRS ratio calculated over a rolling four-quarter period by taking net income attributable to equity holders of the Company from continuing operations adjusting for net finance expense, after tax, restructuring, integration and acquisition costs, and impairments and other gains and losses arising from significant strategic transactions or specific events divided by the average capital employed from continuing operations. Impairments and other gains and losses arising from significant strategic transactions or specific events consist of the impairment reversal of non-financial assets following their repurposing and optimization (as described in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2023) and cloud computing transition adjustment (as described in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022). We use adjusted ROCE to evaluate the profitability of our invested capital.

Net debt

Net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA

Net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA is a non-IFRS ratio calculated as net debt divided by the last twelve months adjusted EBITDA. We use it because it reflects our ability to service our debt obligations.

Maintenance and growth capital expenditures

Maintenance capital expenditure is a supplementary financial measure we use to calculate the investment needed to sustain the current level of economic activity. Growth capital expenditure is a supplementary financial measure we use to calculate the investment needed to increase the current level of economic activity. The sum of maintenance capital expenditures and growth capital expenditures represents our total property, plant and equipment expenditures.

Growth measures

Adjusted order intake

Adjusted order intake is a supplementary financial measure that represents the expected value of orders we have received:

–For the Civil Aviation segment, we consider an item part of our adjusted order intake when we have a legally binding commercial agreement with a client that includes enough detail about each party’s obligations to form the basis for a contract. Additionally, expected future revenues from customers under short-term and long-term training contracts are included when these customers commit to pay us training fees, or when we reasonably expect the revenue to be generated;

–For the Defense and Security segment, we consider an item part of our adjusted order intake when we have a legally binding commercial agreement with a client that includes enough detail about each party’s obligations to form the basis for a contract. Defense and Security contracts are usually executed over a long-term period but some of them must be renewed each year. For this segment, we only include a contract item in adjusted order intake when the customer has authorized the contract item and has received funding for it.

Adjusted backlog

Adjusted backlog is a supplementary financial measure that represents expected future revenues and includes obligated backlog, joint venture backlog and unfunded backlog and options:

–Obligated backlog represents the value of our adjusted order intake not yet executed and is calculated by adding the adjusted order intake of the current period to the balance of the obligated backlog at the end of the previous fiscal year, subtracting the revenue recognized in the current period and adding or subtracting backlog adjustments. If the amount of an order already recognized in a previous fiscal year is modified, the backlog is revised through adjustments;

–Joint venture backlog is obligated backlog that represents the expected value of our share of orders that our joint ventures have received but have not yet executed. Joint venture backlog is determined on the same basis as obligated backlog described above;

–Unfunded backlog represents legally binding Defense and Security orders with the U.S. government that we have received but have not yet executed and for which funding authorization has not yet been obtained. The uncertainty relates to the timing of the funding authorization, which is influenced by the government’s budget cycle, based on a September year-end. Options are included in adjusted backlog when there is a high probability of being exercised, which we define as at least 80% probable, but multi-award indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity (ID/IQ) contracts are excluded. When an option is exercised, it is considered adjusted order intake in that period, and it is removed from unfunded backlog and options.

Book-to-sales ratio

The book-to-sales ratio is a supplementary financial measure calculated by dividing adjusted order intake by revenue in a given period. We use it to monitor the level of future growth of the business over time.

Supplementary non-financial information definitions

Full-flight simulators (FFSs) in CAE's network

A FFS is a full-size replica of a specific make, model and series of an aircraft cockpit, including a motion system. In our count of FFSs in the network, we generally only include FFSs that are of the highest fidelity and do not include any fixed based training devices, or other lower-level devices, as these are typically used in addition to FFSs in the same approved training programs.

Simulator equivalent unit (SEU)

SEU is a measure we use to show the total average number of FFSs available to generate earnings during the period. For example, in the case of a 50/50 flight training joint venture, we will report only 50% of the FFSs under this joint venture as a SEU. If a FFS is being powered down and relocated, it will not be included as a SEU until the FFS is re-installed and available to generate earnings.

Utilization rate

Utilization rate is a measure we use to assess the performance of our Civil simulator training network. While utilization rate does not perfectly correlate to revenue recognized, we track it, together with other measures, because we believe it is an indicator of our operating performance. We calculate it by taking the number of training hours sold on our simulators during the period divided by the practical training capacity available for the same period.

Reconciliations and Calculations

Reconciliation of adjusted segment operating income


					Defense
(amounts in millions)	Civil Aviation				and Security				Total
Three months ended December 31	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating income	$	101.0	$	117.2	$	20.6	$	24.9	$	121.6	$	142.1
Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs	23.2		11.2		0.3		(6.3)		23.5		4.9
Impairments and other gains and losses arising from
significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets
following their repurposing and optimization	—		3.0		—		6.8		—		9.8
Adjusted segment operating income	$	124.2	$	131.4	$	20.9	$	25.4	$	145.1	$	156.8

Reconciliation of adjusted net income and adjusted EPS


		Three months ended
	December 31
(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)		2023		2022
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Company		$	56.5	$	78.1
Net loss (income) from discontinued operations		1.9		(2.1)

Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs, after tax		18.2		4.0
Impairments and other gains and losses arising from
significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets following
their repurposing and optimization, after tax		—		7.1

Adjusted net income		$	76.6	$	87.1



Average number of shares outstanding (diluted)		319.1		318.3

Adjusted EPS		$	0.24	$	0.27

Calculation of adjusted effective tax rate


	Three months ended
	December 31
(amounts in millions, except effective tax rates)		2023			2022
Earnings before income taxes		$	69.2		$	94.4
Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs		23.5			4.9
Impairments and other gains and losses arising from
significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets
following their repurposing and optimization		—			9.8
Adjusted earnings before income taxes		$	92.7		$	109.1

Income tax expense		$	8.2		$	16.5
Tax impact on restructuring, integration and acquisition costs		5.3			0.9
Tax impact on impairments and other gains and losses arising
from significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Tax impact on impairment reversal of non-financial assets
following their repurposing and optimization		—			2.7
Adjusted income tax expense		$	13.5		$	20.1

Effective tax rate		12		%	17		%
Adjusted effective tax rate		15		%	18		%

Reconciliation of free cash flow


		Three months ended
	December 31
(amounts in millions)		2023		2022
Cash provided by operating activities*		$	148.6	$	158.7
Changes in non-cash working capital		72.2		93.7
Net cash provided by operating activities		$	220.8	$	252.4
Maintenance capital expenditures		(20.7)		(16.1)
Change in ERP and other assets		(10.4)		(10.8)
Proceeds from the disposal of property, plant and equipment		0.1		0.3
Net payments to equity accounted investees		(14.9)		(2.0)
Dividends received from equity accounted investees		13.2		13.9

Impact of discontinued operations		1.9		2.1
Free cash flow		$	190.0	$	239.8

* before changes in non-cash working capital

Reconciliation of EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, net debt-to-EBITDA and net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA


	Last twelve months ended
	December 31
(amounts in millions, except net debt-to-EBITDA ratios)		2023		2022
Operating income		$	525.9	$	371.6

Depreciation and amortization		359.7		320.8
EBITDA		$	885.6	$	692.4

Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs		91.5		83.3
Impairments and other gains and losses arising from
significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets
following their repurposing and optimization		—		9.8
Cloud computing transition adjustment		—		13.4
Adjusted EBITDA		$	977.1	$	798.9

Net debt		$	3,085.4	$	3,073.0

Net debt-to-EBITDA		3.48		4.44
Net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA		3.16		3.85

Reconciliation of capital employed and net debt


	As at December 31		As at March 31
(amounts in millions)		2023			2023
Use of capital:
Current assets	$	2,410.5		$	2,235.0
Less: cash and cash equivalents		(124.5)			(217.6)
Less: assets net of liabilities held for sale		(224.6)			—
Current liabilities		(2,669.5)			(2,246.7)
Less: current portion of long-term debt		592.8			214.6
Non-cash working capital	$	(15.3)		$	(14.7)
Assets net of liabilities held for sale		224.6			—
Property, plant and equipment		2,451.1			2,387.1
Intangible assets		3,830.3			4,050.8
Other long-term assets		1,779.7			1,763.6
Other long-term liabilities		(456.7)			(565.4)
Capital employed	$	7,813.7		$	7,621.4
Source of capital:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	592.8		$	214.6
Long-term debt		2,617.1			3,035.5
Less: cash and cash equivalents		(124.5)			(217.6)
Net debt	$	3,085.4		$	3,032.5
Equity attributable to equity holders of the Company		4,648.8			4,507.7
Non-controlling interests		79.5			81.2
Capital employed	$	7,813.7		$	7,621.4

For non-IFRS and other financial measures monitored by CAE, and a reconciliation of such measures to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS, please refer to Section 11 of CAE’s MD&A for the quarter ended December 31, 2023 (which is incorporated by reference into this press release) available on our website (www.cae.com), SEDAR+ (www.SEDARplus.ca) and EDGAR (www.sec.gov).

Consolidated Income Statement



(Unaudited)		Three months ended December 31				Nine months ended December 31

(amounts in millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)		2023		2022		2023		2022
			Reclassified				Reclassified
Continuing operations
Revenue	$	1,094.5	$	969.9	$	3,156.5	$	2,813.2
Cost of sales		791.9		693.0		2,283.5		2,066.5
Gross profit	$	302.6	$	276.9	$	873.0	$	746.7
Research and development expenses		38.1		27.1		108.1		91.2
Selling, general and administrative expenses		140.9		124.1		396.9		367.3
Other (gains) and losses		(4.8)		(6.9)		(8.4)		(13.1)
Share of after-tax profit of equity accounted investees		(16.7)		(14.4)		(47.6)		(33.9)
Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs		23.5		4.9		76.4		47.5
Operating income	$	121.6	$	142.1	$	347.6	$	287.7


Finance expense – net		52.4		47.7		152.6		123.2
Earnings before income taxes	$	69.2	$	94.4	$	195.0	$	164.5
Income tax expense		8.2		16.5		7.8		31.8
Net income from continuing operations	$	61.0	$	77.9	$	187.2	$	132.7

Net (loss) income from discontinued operations		(1.9)		2.1		0.8		(2.7)
Net income	$	59.1	$	80.0	$	188.0	$	130.0
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company	$	56.5	$	78.1	$	180.2	$	124.3
Non-controlling interests		2.6		1.9		7.8		5.7

Earnings per share attributable to equity holders of the Company
Basic and diluted – continuing operations	$	0.18	$	0.24	$	0.56	$	0.40
Basic and diluted – discontinued operations		(0.01)		0.01		—		(0.01)

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income



(Unaudited)		Three months ended December 31				Nine months ended December 31

(amounts in millions of Canadian dollars)		2023		2022		2023		2022
			Reclassified				Reclassified
Net income from continuing operations	$	61.0	$	77.9	$	187.2	$	132.7
Items that may be reclassified to net income
Foreign currency exchange differences on translation of foreign operations	$	(77.7)	$	20.3	$	(105.3)	$	304.7
Net gain (loss) on hedges of net investment in foreign operations		56.2		30.3		54.6		(113.0)
Reclassification to income of gains on foreign currency exchange differences		(0.1)		(3.8)		(0.2)		(6.2)
Net gain (loss) on cash flow hedges		8.3		(4.7)		7.4		(10.2)
Reclassification to income of losses (gains) on cash flow hedges		1.8		9.5		4.9		(11.5)
Income taxes		(5.5)		(0.2)		(9.5)		12.2
	$	(17.0)	$	51.4	$	(48.1)	$	176.0
Items that will never be reclassified to net income
Remeasurement of defined benefit pension plan obligations	$	(34.5)	$	8.8	$	(22.5)	$	55.7

Income taxes		9.2		(2.4)		6.0		(14.9)
	$	(25.3)	$	6.4	$	(16.5)	$	40.8
Other comprehensive (loss) income from continuing operations	$	(42.3)	$	57.8	$	(64.6)	$	216.8
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations		(1.9)		2.1		0.8		(2.7)
Other comprehensive (loss) income from discontinued operations		(3.2)		(1.7)		(1.7)		5.8
Total comprehensive income	$	13.6	$	136.1	$	121.7	$	352.6
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company	$	11.7	$	133.9	$	114.9	$	343.1
Non-controlling interests		1.9		2.2		6.8		9.5

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position


(Unaudited)	December 31			March 31
(amounts in millions of Canadian dollars)			2023	2023

Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	124.5	$	217.6

Accounts receivable			566.4		615.7
Contract assets			641.2		693.8
Inventories			601.0		583.4
Prepayments			69.6		64.1
Income taxes recoverable			56.7		48.3
Derivative financial assets			21.0		12.1
Assets of discontinued operations classified as held for sale			330.1		—
Total current assets		$	2,410.5	$	2,235.0
Property, plant and equipment			2,451.1		2,387.1
Right-of-use assets			458.4		426.9
Intangible assets			3,830.3		4,050.8
Investment in equity accounted investees			556.4		530.7
Employee benefits assets			32.6		51.1
Deferred tax assets			150.9		125.1
Derivative financial assets			15.5		9.2
Other non-current assets			565.9		620.6
Total assets		$	10,471.6	$	10,436.5

Liabilities and equity
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		$	999.5	$	1,036.7
Provisions			19.1		26.7
Income taxes payable			21.2		21.1
Contract liabilities			906.9		905.7
Current portion of long-term debt			592.8		214.6

Derivative financial liabilities			24.5		41.9
Liabilities of discontinued operations classified as held for sale			105.5		—
Total current liabilities		$	2,669.5	$	2,246.7
Provisions			18.4		20.1
Long-term debt			2,617.1		3,035.5
Royalty obligations			79.0		119.4
Employee benefits obligations			100.2		91.9
Deferred tax liabilities			75.0		129.3
Derivative financial liabilities			2.4		6.5
Other non-current liabilities			181.7		198.2
Total liabilities		$	5,743.3	$	5,847.6
Equity
Share capital		$	2,252.6	$	2,243.6
Contributed surplus			59.3		42.1
Accumulated other comprehensive income			118.4		167.2
Retained earnings			2,218.5		2,054.8
Equity attributable to equity holders of the Company		$	4,648.8	$	4,507.7
Non-controlling interests			79.5		81.2
Total equity		$	4,728.3	$	4,588.9
Total liabilities and equity		$	10,471.6	$	10,436.5

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity


(Unaudited)	Attributable to equity holders of the Company
Nine months ended December 31, 2023	Common shares					Accumulated other
(amounts in millions of Canadian dollars,	Number of		Stated	Contributed		comprehensive		Retained				Non-controlling			Total
except number of shares)	shares		value		surplus	income			earnings		Total		interests		equity
Balances as at March 31, 2023	317,906,290	$	2,243.6	$	42.1	$	167.2	$	2,054.8	$	4,507.7	$	81.2	$	4,588.9


Net income	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	180.2	$	180.2	$	7.8	$	188.0
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		(48.8)		(16.5)		(65.3)		(1.0)		(66.3)





Total comprehensive (loss) income	—	$	—	$	—	$	(48.8)	$	163.7	$	114.9	$	6.8	$	121.7



Exercise of stock options	396,018		9.0		(1.4)		—		—		7.6		—		7.6


Equity-settled share-based payments expense	—		—		18.6		—		—		18.6		—		18.6


Transactions with non-controlling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		(8.5)		(8.5)


Balances as at December 31, 2023	318,302,308	$	2,252.6	$	59.3	$	118.4	$	2,218.5	$	4,648.8	$	79.5	$	4,728.3

	Attributable to equity holders of the Company
Nine months ended December 31, 2022	Common shares					Accumulated other
(amounts in millions of Canadian dollars,	Number of		Stated	Contributed		comprehensive		Retained				Non-controlling			Total
except number of shares)	shares		value		surplus	income			earnings		Total		interests		equity
Balances as at March 31, 2022	317,024,123	$	2,224.7	$	38.6	$	(31.2)	$	1,777.6	$	4,009.7	$	76.9	$	4,086.6
Net income	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	124.3	$	124.3	$	5.7	$	130.0
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		178.0		40.8		218.8		3.8		222.6





Total comprehensive income	—	$	—	$	—	$	178.0	$	165.1	$	343.1	$	9.5	$	352.6


Exercise of stock options	835,392		18.0		(2.5)		—		—		15.5		—		15.5


Equity-settled share-based payments expense	—		—		5.1		—		—		5.1		—		5.1


Transactions with non-controlling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		(5.0)		(5.0)


Balances as at December 31, 2022	317,859,515	$	2,242.7	$	41.2	$	146.8	$	1,942.7	$	4,373.4	$	81.4	$	4,454.8

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows


(Unaudited)
Nine months ended December 31
(amounts in millions of Canadian dollars)		2023		2022

Operating activities
Net income	$	188.0	$	130.0
Adjustments for:
Depreciation and amortization		278.6		252.8

Share of after-tax profit of equity accounted investees		(47.6)		(33.9)
Deferred income taxes		(39.8)		(0.3)
Investment tax credits		(9.2)		0.4
Equity-settled share-based payments expense		18.6		5.1
Defined benefit pension plans		4.5		6.2
Other non-current liabilities		(7.3)		(13.5)
Derivative financial assets and liabilities – net		(17.5)		20.0


Other		23.8		(2.4)
Changes in non-cash working capital		(40.4)		(136.6)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	351.7	$	227.8
Investing activities
Business combinations, net of cash acquired	$	—	$	(6.4)



Property, plant and equipment expenditures		(238.1)		(205.9)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment		3.7		4.8
Advance payments for property, plant and equipment		—		(30.1)


Intangible assets expenditures		(105.8)		(89.9)
Net payments to equity accounted investees		(40.5)		(10.5)
Dividends received from equity accounted investees		30.3		20.3
Other		(7.2)		(5.0)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(357.6)	$	(322.7)
Financing activities
Net (repayment of) proceeds from borrowing under revolving credit facilities	$	(407.8)	$	8.6


Proceeds from long-term debt		426.1		22.1
Repayment of long-term debt		(41.1)		(55.7)
Repayment of lease liabilities		(57.0)		(62.1)

Net proceeds from the issuance of common shares		7.6		15.5


Other		—		(1.8)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(72.2)	$	(73.4)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences on cash and cash equivalents	$	(15.0)	$	13.8
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(93.1)	$	(154.5)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		217.6		346.1
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	124.5	$	191.6

Contacts

Investor Relations:

Andrew Arnovitz, Senior Vice President, Investor Relations and Enterprise Risk Management, 1-514-734-5760, andrew.arnovitz@cae.com

Media:

Samantha Golinski, Vice President, Public Affairs and Global Communications, 514-341-2000 ext 7939, samantha.golinski@cae.com



Table of Contents
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
1.	Highlights	1
2.	Introduction	2
3.	About CAE	6
4.	Foreign exchange	7
5.	Consolidated results	8
6.	Results by segment	12
7.	Consolidated cash movements and liquidity	16
8.	Consolidated financial position	17
9.	Discontinued operations	19

10.	Business risk and uncertainty	20
11.	Non-IFRS and other financial measures and supplementary non-financial information	21

12.	Changes in accounting policies	26
13.	Internal control over financial reporting	27
14.	Selected quarterly financial information	28
Consolidated Interim Financial Statements
Consolidated income statement		29
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income		30
Consolidated statement of financial position		31
Consolidated statement of changes in equity		32
Consolidated statement of cash flows		33
Notes to the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements
Note 1 - Nature of operations and summary of significant accounting policies		34



Note 2 - Discontinued operations		36
Note 3 - Operating segments and geographic information		37
Note 4 - Other (gains) and losses		39
Note 5 - Restructuring, integration and acquisitions costs		40
Note 6 - Debt facilities and finance expense - net		40

Note 7 - Income taxes		40
Note 8 - Earnings per share		41
Note 9 - Share-based payments		41
Note 10 - Supplementary cash flows information		42

Note 11 - Fair value of financial instruments		42

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

for the three months ended December 31, 2023

1. HIGHLIGHTS

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS AND RECLASSIFICATION OF COMPARATIVE FIGURES

On October 24, 2023, we announced that we have reached a definitive agreement to sell CAE’s Healthcare business. In accordance with the requirements of IFRS 5, Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, the Healthcare segment is presented as discontinued operations and the associated assets and liabilities as held for sale as at December 31, 2023. Consequently, the comparative consolidated income statement and consolidated statement of comprehensive income are reclassified as if the operation had been discontinued from the beginning of the comparative year. Closing of the transaction, which is subject to closing conditions, including customary regulatory approvals, is expected before the end of fiscal year 2024.

Unless otherwise indicated, results are presented on a continuing operations basis.

FINANCIAL

THIRD QUARTER OF FISCAL 2024


(amounts in millions, except per share amounts, adjusted ROCE and book-to-sales ratio)		Q3-2024		Q3-2023	Variance $		Variance %
Performance
Revenue	$	1,094.5	$	969.9	$	124.6	13	%
Operating income	$	121.6	$	142.1	$	(20.5)	(14	%)
Adjusted segment operating income1	$	145.1	$	156.8	$	(11.7)	(7	%)
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Company	$	56.5	$	78.1	$	(21.6)	(28	%)
Basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) – continuing operations	$	0.18	$	0.24	$	(0.06)	(25	%)
Basic and diluted EPS – discontinued operations	$	(0.01)	$	0.01	$	(0.02)	(200	%)

Adjusted EPS1	$	0.24	$	0.27	$	(0.03)	(11	%)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	220.8	$	252.4	$	(31.6)	(13	%)
Free cash flow1	$	190.0	$	239.8	$	(49.8)	(21	%)
Liquidity and Capital Structure
Capital employed1	$	7,813.7	$	7,527.8	$	285.9	4	%

Adjusted return on capital employed (ROCE)1	%	7.0	%	5.5
Total debt	$	3,209.9	$	3,264.6	$	(54.7)	(2	%)

Net debt1	$	3,085.4	$	3,073.0	$	12.4	—	%
Growth
Adjusted order intake1	$	1,273.9	$	1,189.7	$	84.2	7	%
Adjusted backlog1	$	11,746.3	$	10,795.1	$	951.2	9	%
Book-to-sales ratio1		1.16		1.23
Book-to-sales ratio for the last 12 months		1.10		1.27

FISCAL 2024 YEAR TO DATE

(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)		Q3-2024		Q3-2023	Variance $		Variance %
Performance
Revenue	$	3,156.5	$	2,813.2	$	343.3	12	%
Operating income	$	347.6	$	287.7	$	59.9	21	%
Adjusted segment operating income	$	424.0	$	345.0	$	79.0	23	%
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Company	$	180.2	$	124.3	$	55.9	45	%
Basic and diluted EPS – continuing operations	$	0.56	$	0.40	$	0.16	40	%
Basic and diluted EPS – discontinued operations	$	—	$	(0.01)	$	0.01	100	%


Adjusted EPS	$	0.75	$	0.53	$	0.22	42	%
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	351.7	$	227.8	$	123.9	54	%
Free cash flow	$	227.1	$	185.4	$	41.7	22	%

1 Non-IFRS financial measure, non-IFRS ratio, capital management measure, or supplementary financial measure. Refer to Section 11 “Non-IFRS and other financial measures and supplementary non-financial information” of this MD&A for the definitions and reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 1

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

2. INTRODUCTION

In this management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A), we, us, our, CAE and Company refer to CAE Inc. and its subsidiaries. Unless we have indicated otherwise:

–This year and 2024 mean the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024;

–Last year, prior year and a year ago mean the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023;

–Dollar amounts are in Canadian dollars.

This MD&A was prepared as of February 14, 2024. It is intended to enhance the understanding of our unaudited consolidated interim financial statements and notes for the third quarter ended December 31, 2023 and should therefore be read in conjunction with this document and our annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2023. We have prepared it to help you understand our business, performance and financial condition for the third quarter of fiscal 2024. Except as otherwise indicated, all financial information has been reported in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and based on unaudited figures.

For additional information, please refer to our annual MD&A for the year ended March 31, 2023 which provides you with a view of CAE as seen through the eyes of management and helps you understand the Company from a variety of perspectives:

–Our mission;

–Our vision;

–Our strategy;

–Our operations;

–Foreign exchange;

–Non-IFRS and other financial measures;

–Consolidated results;

–Results by segment;

–Consolidated cash movements and liquidity;

–Consolidated financial position;

–Business combinations;

–Business risk and uncertainty;

–Related party transactions;

–Changes in accounting policies;

–Controls and procedures;

–Oversight role of Audit Committee and Board of Directors (the Board).

You will find our most recent financial report and Annual Information Form (AIF) on our website (www.cae.com), SEDAR+ (www.sedarplus.ca) and EDGAR (www.sec.gov). Holders of CAE’s securities may also request a printed copy of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and MD&A free of charge by contacting Investor Relations (investor.relations@cae.com).

2 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

NON-IFRS AND OTHER FINANCIAL MEASURES

This MD&A includes non-IFRS financial measures, non-IFRS ratios, capital management measures and supplementary financial measures. These measures are not standardized financial measures prescribed under IFRS and therefore should not be confused with, or used as an alternative for, performance measures calculated according to IFRS. Furthermore, these measures should not be compared with similarly titled measures provided or used by other issuers. Management believes that these measures provide additional insight into our operating performance and trends and facilitate comparisons across reporting periods.

Performance Measures

–Gross profit margin (or gross profit as a % of revenue);

–Operating income margin (or operating income as a % of revenue);

–Adjusted segment operating income or loss;

–Adjusted segment operating income margin (or adjusted segment operating income as a % of revenue);

–Adjusted effective tax rate;

–Adjusted net income or loss;

–Adjusted earnings or loss per share (EPS);

–EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA;

–Free cash flow.

Liquidity and Capital Structure Measures

–Non-cash working capital;

–Capital employed;

–Adjusted return on capital employed (ROCE);

–Net debt;

–Net debt-to-capital;

–Net debt-to-EBITDA and net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA;

–Maintenance and growth capital expenditures.

Growth Measures

–Adjusted order intake;

–Adjusted backlog;

–Book-to-sales ratio.

Definitions of all non-IFRS and other financial measures are provided in Section 11.1 “Non-IFRS and other financial measure definitions” of this MD&A to give the reader a better understanding of the indicators used by management. In addition, when applicable, we provide a quantitative reconciliation of the non-IFRS and other financial measures to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS. Refer to Section 11.1 “Non-IFRS and other financial measure definitions” for references to where these reconciliations are provided.

ABOUT MATERIAL INFORMATION

This MD&A includes the information we believe is material to investors after considering all circumstances, including potential market sensitivity. We consider something to be material if:

–It results in, or would reasonably be expected to result in, a significant change in the market price or value of our shares; or

–It is likely that a reasonable investor would consider the information to be important in making an investment decision.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 3

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This MD&A includes forward-looking statements about our activities, events and developments that we expect to or anticipate may occur in the future including, for example, statements about our vision, strategies, market trends and outlook, future revenues, earnings, cash flow growth, profit trends, growth capital spending, expansions and new initiatives, including initiatives that pertain to environmental, social and governance (ESG) matters, financial obligations, available liquidities, expected sales, general economic and political outlook, inflation trends, prospects and trends of an industry, expected annual recurring cost savings from operational excellence programs, our management of the supply chain, estimated addressable markets, demands for CAE’s products and services, our access to capital resources, our financial position, the expected accretion in various financial metrics, the expected capital returns to shareholders, the sale of our Healthcare business (the Sale Transaction), the anticipated benefits and expected impacts therefrom on CAE’s strategic and operational plans and financial results, the expected terms, conditions (including receipt of necessary regulatory approvals) and completion of the Sale Transaction, the anticipated cash consideration therefrom and the timing for completion thereof, our business outlook, business opportunities, objectives, development, plans, growth strategies and other strategic priorities, and our competitive and leadership position in our markets, the expansion of our market shares, CAE's ability and preparedness to respond to demand for new technologies, the sustainability of our operations, our ability to retire the Legacy Contracts (as defined in Section 6.2 “Defense and Security” of this MD&A) as expected and to manage and mitigate the risks associated therewith, the impact of the retirement of the Legacy Contracts, notably on the expected positive inflection on underlying profit performance in the second half of fiscal 2025 and other statements that are not historical facts. Since forward-looking statements and information relate to future events or future performance and reflect current expectations or beliefs regarding future events, they are typically identified by words such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “likely”, “may”, “plan”, “seek”, “should”, “will”, "strategy", "future" or the negative thereof or other variations thereon suggesting future outcomes or statements regarding an outlook. All such statements constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation and “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. By their nature, forward‑looking statements require us to make assumptions and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties associated with our business which may cause actual results in future periods to differ materially from results indicated in forward‑looking statements. While these statements are based on management’s expectations and assumptions regarding historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that we believe are reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements as there is a risk that they may not be accurate.

Important risks that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to, strategic risks, such as cybersecurity, geopolitical uncertainty, global economic conditions, competitive business environment, original equipment manufacturer (OEM) leverage and encroachment, inflation, international scope of our business, level and timing of defence spending, constraints within the civil aviation industry, our ability to penetrate new markets, research and development (R&D) activities, evolving standards and technology innovation and disruption, length of sales cycle, business development and awarding of new contracts, strategic partnerships and long-term contracts, risk that we cannot assure investors that we will effectively manage our growth, estimates of market opportunity and competing priorities; operational risks, such as supply chain disruptions, program management and execution, mergers and acquisitions, business continuity, subcontractors, fixed price and long-term supply contracts and our continued reliance on certain parties and information; talent risks, such as talent management, ability to attract, recruit and retain key personnel and management, corporate culture and labour relations; financial risks, such as availability of capital, customer credit risk, foreign exchange, effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting, liquidity risk, interest rate volatility, returns to shareholders, estimates used in accounting, impairment risk, pension plan funding, indebtedness, acquisition and integration costs, sales of additional common shares, market price and volatility of our common shares, seasonality, taxation matters and adjusted backlog; regulatory risks, such as data rights and governance, U.S. foreign ownership, control or influence mitigation measures, compliance with laws and regulations, insurance coverage potential gaps, product-related liabilities, environmental laws and regulations, government audits and investigations, protection of our intellectual property and brand, third-party intellectual property, foreign private issuer status, and enforceability of civil liabilities against our directors and officers; ESG risks, such as extreme climate events and the impact of natural or other disasters (including effects of climate change) and more acute scrutiny and perception gaps regarding ESG matters; reputational risks; technological risks, such as information technology (IT) and reliance on third-party providers for information technology systems and infrastructure management; and risks relating to the Sale Transaction, such as all or part of the intended benefits therefrom not being realized or unanticipated carve out-related issues, costs or delays, failure to receive or delay in receiving necessary regulatory approvals or otherwise satisfy the conditions to the completion of the Sale Transaction or delay in completing it and uncertainty regarding the length of time required to complete the Sale Transaction, the impact of the announcement of the Sale Transaction on CAE’s relationships with third parties, including commercial counterparties, suppliers, employees and competitors, strategic relationships, operating results and businesses generally, the occurrence of an event which would allow the parties to terminate their obligations, commitments and undertakings pursuant to the Sale Transaction documentation, changes in the terms of the Sale Transaction, the failure by the parties to fulfill their obligations, commitments and undertakings pursuant to the Sale Transaction documentation, and the failure to retain our key management, personnel and clients during the pendency and following completion of the Sale Transaction and risks associated with the loss and replacement of key management and personnel. If the proposed Sale Transaction is not completed for any reason, there is a risk that the announcement of such Sale Transaction and the dedication of substantial resources of CAE to the completion thereof could have a negative impact on our operating results and business generally, and could have a material adverse effect on our current and future operations, financial condition and prospects, including the loss of investor confidence in connection with our ability to execute our strategic plan. In addition, failure to complete the proposed Sale Transaction for any reason could materially negatively impact the market price of our securities and there can be no assurance that management will be successful in its efforts to identify and implement other strategic alternatives that would be in the best interests of CAE and its stakeholders within the context of existing market, regulatory and competitive conditions in the industries in which we operate, on favourable terms and timing or at all, and, if implemented, that such actions would have the planned results.

4 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

We also have incurred significant transaction and related costs in connection with the proposed Sale Transaction, and additional significant or unanticipated costs may be incurred.

The foregoing list is not exhaustive and other unknown or unpredictable factors could also have a material adverse effect on the performance or results of CAE. Additionally, differences could arise because of events announced or completed after the date of this MD&A. You will find more information about the risks and uncertainties affecting our business in Section 10 “Business risk and uncertainty” of this MD&A and in our 2023 financial report. Readers are cautioned that any of the disclosed risks could have a material adverse effect on CAE’s forward-looking statements. Readers are also cautioned that the risks described above and elsewhere in this MD&A are not necessarily the only ones we face; additional risks and uncertainties that are presently unknown to us or that we may currently deem immaterial may adversely affect our business.

Except as required by law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The forward-looking information and statements contained in this MD&A are expressly qualified by this cautionary statement.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this MD&A. While we believe that information provides a reasonable basis for these statements, that information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements.

MATERIAL ASSUMPTIONS

The forward-looking statements set out in this MD&A are based on certain assumptions including, without limitation: the prevailing market conditions, geopolitical instability, the customer receptivity to our training and operational support solutions, the accuracy of our estimates of addressable markets and market opportunity, the realization of anticipated annual recurring cost savings and other intended benefits from restructuring initiatives and operational excellence programs, the ability to respond to anticipated inflationary pressures and our ability to pass along rising costs through increased prices, the actual impact to supply, production levels, and costs from global supply chain logistics challenges, the stability of foreign exchange rates, the ability to hedge exposures to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates, the availability of borrowings to be drawn down under, and the utilization, of one or more of our senior credit agreements, our available liquidity from cash and cash equivalents, undrawn amounts on our revolving credit facility, the balance available under our receivable purchase facility, the assumption that our cash flows from operations and continued access to debt funding will be sufficient to meet financial requirements in the foreseeable future, access to expected capital resources within anticipated timeframes, no material financial, operational or competitive consequences from changes in regulations affecting our business, our ability to retain and attract new business, our ability to effectively execute and retire the Legacy Contracts while managing the risks associated therewith, our ability to achieve synergies and maintain market position arising from successful integration plans relating to the L3Harris Technologies’ Military Training business (L3H MT) and Sabre’s AirCentre airline operations portfolio (AirCentre) acquisitions, our ability to otherwise complete the integration of the L3H MT and AirCentre businesses acquired within anticipated time periods and at expected cost levels, our ability to attract and retain key employees in connection with the L3H MT and AirCentre acquisitions, management's estimates and expectations in relation to future economic and business conditions and other factors in relation to the L3H MT and AirCentre acquisitions and resulting impact on growth and accretion in various financial metrics, the realization of the expected strategic, financial and other benefits of the L3H MT and AirCentre acquisitions in the timeframe anticipated, economic and political environments and industry conditions, the accuracy and completeness of public and other disclosure, including financial disclosure, by L3H MT and AirCentre, the absence of significant undisclosed costs or liabilities associated with the L3H MT and AirCentre acquisitions, the satisfaction of all closing conditions of the Sale Transaction, including receipt of all necessary regulatory approvals and other consents and approvals in a timely manner and on terms acceptable to CAE, our ability to otherwise complete the Sale Transaction within anticipated time periods and at expected cost levels, management's estimates and expectations in relation to future economic and business conditions and other factors in relation to the Sale Transaction, the realization of the expected strategic, financial and other benefits of the Sale Transaction in the timeframe anticipated (including receipt of expected proceeds and intended use thereof), and fulfillment by the other parties of their respective obligations, commitments and undertakings pursuant to the Sale Transaction documentation. Air travel is a major driver for CAE's business and management relies on analysis from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) to inform its assumptions about the rate and profile of recovery in its key civil aviation market. Accordingly, the assumptions outlined in this MD&A and, consequently, the forward‑looking statements based on such assumptions, may turn out to be inaccurate.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 5

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

3. ABOUT CAE

3.1 Who we are

CAE’s common shares are listed on the Toronto and New York stock exchanges (TSX / NYSE) under the symbol CAE.

3.2 Our mission

To lead at the frontier of digital immersion with high-tech training and operational support solutions to make the world a safer place.

3.3 Our vision

To be the worldwide partner of choice in civil aviation and defence and security by revolutionizing our customers’ training and critical operations with digitally immersive solutions to elevate safety, efficiency and readiness.

3.4 Our strategy

CAE’s four strategic pillars

There are four fundamental pillars that underpin our strategy and investment thesis:

–Efficient growth;

–Revolutionizing training and critical operations;

–Technology and market leadership;

–Skills and culture.

For further details, refer to Section 3.4 “Our strategy” of CAE’s MD&A for the year ended March 31, 2023 available on our website (www.cae.com), SEDAR+ (www.sedarplus.ca) and EDGAR (www.sec.gov).

3.5 Our operations

Our operations are managed through two segments:

–Civil Aviation – We provide comprehensive training solutions for flight, cabin, maintenance and ground personnel in commercial, business and helicopter aviation, a complete range of flight simulation training devices, ab initio pilot training and crew sourcing services, as well as aircraft flight operations solutions. The civil aviation market includes major commercial airlines, regional airlines, business aircraft operators, civil helicopter operators, aircraft manufacturers, third-party training centres, flight training organizations, maintenance, repair and overhaul organizations (MRO) and aircraft finance leasing companies;

–Defense and Security – We are a platform-independent training and simulation solutions provider, preparing global defence and security forces for the mission ahead. The defence and security market includes defence forces, OEMs, government agencies and public safety organizations worldwide.

On October 24, 2023, we announced that we have reached a definitive agreement to sell CAE’s Healthcare business and consequently the Healthcare segment is presented as discontinued operations and the associated assets and liabilities as held for sale as at December 31, 2023. Closing of the transaction, which is subject to closing conditions, including customary regulatory approvals, is expected before the end of fiscal year 2024. You will find more details in Section 9 “Discontinued operations” of this MD&A.

There have been no other significant changes to our operations since the end of fiscal 2023. For further details, refer to Section 3.5 “Our operations” of CAE’s MD&A for the year ended March 31, 2023 available on our website (www.cae.com), SEDAR+ (www.sedarplus.ca) and EDGAR (www.sec.gov).

6 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

4. FOREIGN EXCHANGE

We report all dollar amounts in Canadian dollars. We value assets, liabilities and transactions that are measured in foreign currencies using various exchange rates as required by IFRS.

The tables below show the variations of the closing and average exchange rates for the three main currencies in which we operate.

We used the closing foreign exchange rates below to value our assets, liabilities and adjusted backlog in Canadian dollars at the end of each of the following periods:


	December 31	September 30	Increase /		March 31	Increase /
	2023	2023	(decrease)		2023	(decrease)
U.S. dollar (US$ or USD)	1.32	1.36	(3	%)	1.35	(2	%)
Euro (€ or EUR)	1.46	1.43	2	%	1.47	(1	%)
British pound (£ or GBP)	1.69	1.65	2	%	1.67	1	%

We used the average quarterly and year-to-date foreign exchange rates below to value our revenues and expenses throughout the following periods:


	Three months ended		Nine months ended
	December 31	Increase /	December 31			Increase /
	2023		2022	(decrease)		2023	2022	(decrease)
U.S. dollar (US$ or USD)	1.36		1.36	—	%	1.35	1.31	3	%
Euro (€ or EUR)	1.46		1.38	6	%	1.46	1.35	8	%
British pound (£ or GBP)	1.69		1.59	6	%	1.69	1.58	7	%

The effect of translating the results of our foreign operations into Canadian dollars resulted in an increase in this quarter’s revenue of $12.1 million and an increase in net income from continuing operations of $1.1 million when compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023. For the first nine months of fiscal 2024, the effect of translating the results of our foreign operations into Canadian dollars resulted in an increase in revenue of $79.9 million and an increase in net income from continuing operations of $8.9 million when compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2023. We calculated this by translating the current quarter foreign currency revenue and net income of our foreign operations using the average monthly exchange rates from the prior year’s third quarter and comparing these adjusted amounts to our current quarter reported results. You will find more details about our foreign exchange exposure and hedging strategies in Section 9 "Business Risk and Uncertainty" in our MD&A for the year ended March 31, 2023.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 7

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

5. CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

5.1 Results from operations – third quarter of fiscal 2024


(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)		Q3-2024	Q2-2024	Q1-2024	Q4-2023	Q3-2023
Continuing operations
Revenue	$	1,094.5	1,050.0	1,012.0	1,197.4	969.9
Cost of sales	$	791.9	765.3	726.3	860.6	693.0
Gross profit	$	302.6	284.7	285.7	336.8	276.9
As a % of revenue2	%	27.6	27.1	28.2	28.1	28.5
Research and development expenses	$	38.1	33.3	36.7	37.8	27.1
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	140.9	132.3	123.7	134.2	124.1
Other (gains) and losses	$	(4.8)	(2.2)	(1.4)	(9.3)	(6.9)
After-tax share in profit of equity accounted investees	$	(16.7)	(14.3)	(16.6)	(19.3)	(14.4)
Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs	$	23.5	37.9	15.0	15.1	4.9
Operating income	$	121.6	97.7	128.3	178.3	142.1
As a % of revenue2	%	11.1	9.3	12.7	14.9	14.7


Finance expense – net	$	52.4	47.1	53.1	50.4	47.7
Earnings before income taxes	$	69.2	50.6	75.2	127.9	94.4
Income tax expense (recovery)	$	8.2	(8.3)	7.9	30.8	16.5
As a % of earnings before income taxes
(effective tax rate)	%	12	(16)	11	24	17
Net income from continuing operations	$	61.0	58.9	67.3	97.1	77.9
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations	$	(1.9)	2.2	0.5	4.8	2.1
Net income	$	59.1	61.1	67.8	101.9	80.0
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company	$	56.5	58.4	65.3	98.4	78.1



Non-controlling interests	$	2.6	2.7	2.5	3.5	1.9
	$	59.1	61.1	67.8	101.9	80.0
EPS attributable to equity holders of the Company
Basic and diluted – continuing operations	$	0.18	0.17	0.20	0.29	0.24

Basic and diluted – discontinued operations	$	(0.01)	0.01	—	0.02	0.01


Adjusted segment operating income2	$	145.1	135.6	143.3	193.4	156.8
Adjusted net income2	$	76.6	85.2	76.3	106.1	87.1
Adjusted EPS2	$	0.24	0.26	0.24	0.33	0.27

Revenue was 13% higher compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023

Revenue was $1,094.5 million this quarter, $124.6 million or 13% higher compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023. For the first nine months of fiscal 2024, revenue was $3,156.5 million, $343.3 million or 12% higher than the same period last year.

Revenue variances by segment were as follows:


(amounts in millions)
Three months ended December 31		2023		2022	Variance $		Variance %
Civil Aviation	$	622.1	$	517.4	$	104.7	20	%
Defense and Security		472.4		452.5		19.9	4	%
Revenue	$	1,094.5	$	969.9	$	124.6	13	%

Nine months ended December 31		2023		2022	Variance $		Variance %
Civil Aviation	$	1,735.0	$	1,505.0	$	230.0	15	%
Defense and Security		1,421.5		1,308.2		113.3	9	%
Revenue	$	3,156.5	$	2,813.2	$	343.3	12	%

You will find more details in Section 6 "Results by segment" of this MD&A.

2 Non-IFRS financial measure, non-IFRS ratio, capital management measure, or supplementary financial measure. Refer to Section 11 “Non-IFRS and other financial measures and supplementary non-financial information” of this MD&A for the definitions and reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

8 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Gross profit was 9% higher compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023

Gross profit was $302.6 million this quarter (27.6% of revenue) compared to $276.9 million (28.5% of revenue) in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The increase in gross profit compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023 was mainly due to higher revenue recognized during the period. The lower consolidated gross profit margin this quarter was mainly due to a less favourable mix from our flight operations solutions.

For the first nine months of fiscal 2024, gross profit was $873.0 million (27.7% of revenue) compared to $746.7 million (26.5% of revenue) last year. The increase in gross profit compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2023 was mainly due to higher revenue recognized during the period. The higher consolidated gross profit margin this year was mainly due to the unfavourable contract profit adjustments recorded in Defense and Security in the first quarter of fiscal 2023.

Operating income was 14% lower compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023

Operating income this quarter was $121.6 million (11.1% of revenue), compared to $142.1 million (14.7% of revenue) in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. For the first nine months of fiscal 2024, operating income was $347.6 million (11.0% of revenue), compared to $287.7 million (10.2% of revenue) last year.

Operating income variances by segment were as follows:


(amounts in millions)
Three months ended December 31		2023		2022	Variance $		Variance %
Civil Aviation	$	101.0	$	117.2	$	(16.2)	(14	%)
Defense and Security		20.6		24.9		(4.3)	(17	%)
Operating income	$	121.6	$	142.1	$	(20.5)	(14	%)

Nine months ended December 31		2023		2022	Variance $		Variance %
Civil Aviation	$	295.0	$	281.0	$	14.0	5	%
Defense and Security		52.6		6.7		45.9	685	%
Operating income	$	347.6	$	287.7	$	59.9	21	%

You will find more details in Section 6 "Results by segment" of this MD&A.

Adjusted segment operating income was 7% lower compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023

Adjusted segment operating income was $145.1 million this quarter (13.3% of revenue), compared to $156.8 million (16.2% of revenue) in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. For the first nine months of fiscal 2024, adjusted segment operating income was $424.0 million (13.4% of revenue) compared to $345.0 million (12.3% of revenue) last year.

Adjusted segment operating income variances by segment were as follows:


(amounts in millions)
Three months ended December 31		2023		2022	Variance $		Variance %
Civil Aviation	$	124.2	$	131.4	$	(7.2)	(5	%)
Defense and Security		20.9		25.4		(4.5)	(18	%)
Adjusted segment operating income	$	145.1	$	156.8	$	(11.7)	(7	%)

Nine months ended December 31		2023		2022	Variance $		Variance %
Civil Aviation	$	357.5	$	322.4	$	35.1	11	%
Defense and Security		66.5		22.6		43.9	194	%
Adjusted segment operating income	$	424.0	$	345.0	$	79.0	23	%

You will find more details in Section 6 "Results by segment" of this MD&A.

Finance expense - net was 10% higher compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023

Finance expense - net was $52.4 million this quarter, compared to $47.7 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The increase was mainly due to higher finance expense on lease liabilities.

For the first nine months of fiscal 2024, net finance expense was $152.6 million, $29.4 million higher compared to the same period last year. The increase was mainly due to higher finance expense on long-term debt from an increase in variable interest rates and an increased level of borrowings during the period and higher finance expense on lease liabilities.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 9

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Effective tax rate was 12% this quarter

Income tax expense this quarter amounted to $8.2 million, representing an effective tax rate of 12%, compared to an effective tax rate of 17% for the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The adjusted effective tax rate3 on our adjusted net income was 15% this quarter compared to 18% in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The decrease in the adjusted effective tax rate was mainly attributable to the mix of income from various jurisdictions.

For the first nine months of fiscal 2024, the income tax expense amounted to $7.8 million, representing an effective tax rate of 4% compared to an effective tax rate of 19% for the same period last year. The adjusted effective tax rate on our adjusted net income was 9% for the first nine months of fiscal 2024 compared to 21% for the same period last year. The decrease in the adjusted effective tax rate was mainly attributable to the recognition of previously unrecognized deferred tax assets in relation to the statutory combination of certain foreign operations, the mix of income from various jurisdictions and an income tax benefit resulting from the tax court decision, in the first quarter of fiscal 2024.

Net loss from discontinued operations was $1.9 million this quarter

For the first nine months of fiscal 2024, net income from discontinued operations was $0.8 million, $3.5 million higher compared to the same period last year. The increase was mainly due to higher operating income from the Healthcare business partially offset by transaction costs of $2.2 million incurred in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 in relation to the expected sale of the Healthcare business.

You will find more details in Section 9 “Discontinued operations” of this MD&A.

5.2 Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs


	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	December 31				December 31
(amounts in millions)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Integration and acquisition costs	$	23.0	$	15.0	$	64.9	$	51.0
Severances and other employee related costs	0.5		(0.3)		11.5		1.7
Impairment of non-financial assets – net	—		—		—		1.8
Other costs	—		—		—		2.8
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets following their
repurposing and optimization	—		(9.8)		—		(9.8)
Total restructuring, integration and acquisition costs	$	23.5	$	4.9	$	76.4	$	47.5

For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2023, restructuring, integration and acquisition costs associated with the fiscal 2022 acquisition of Sabre’s AirCentre airline operations portfolio (AirCentre) amounted to $22.6 million and $61.1 million (2022 – $13.6 million and $35.4 million), respectively, and those related to the fiscal 2022 acquisition of L3Harris Technologies’ Military Training business (L3H MT) amounted to $0.2 million and $13.4 million (2022 – $0.3 million and $16.1 million), respectively.

The ongoing integration costs associated with the AirCentre acquisition relate mainly to IT infrastructure migration and integration and are expected to be substantially complete by mid fiscal 2025. While a significant portion of the integration costs associated with the L3H MT acquisition were incurred by the end of fiscal 2023, additional integration costs were incurred in fiscal 2024 following the completion of IT infrastructure and systems integration and structural organizational changes.

Impairment reversal of non-financial assets following their repurposing and optimization

For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, restructuring, integration and acquisitions costs include gains on the reversal of impairment of an intangible asset of $6.8 million in the Defense and Security segment and property, plant and equipment of $3.0 million in the Civil Aviation segment, following their repurposing and optimization and new customer contracts and opportunities.

3 Non-IFRS financial measure, non-IFRS ratio, capital management measure, or supplementary financial measure. Refer to Section 11 “Non-IFRS and other financial measures and supplementary non-financial information” of this MD&A for the definitions and reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

10 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

5.3 Consolidated adjusted order intake and adjusted backlog

Adjusted backlog4 was stable compared to last quarter


	Three months ended		Nine months ended
(amounts in millions)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2023
Obligated backlog, beginning of period	$	8,946.3	$	8,961.9
'+ adjusted order intake4		1,273.9		3,386.9
- revenue		(1,094.5)		(3,156.5)
+ / - adjustments		(125.6)		(192.2)
Obligated backlog, end of period	$	9,000.1	$	9,000.1
Joint venture backlog (all obligated)		388.1		388.1
Unfunded backlog and options		2,358.1		2,358.1
Adjusted backlog	$	11,746.3	$	11,746.3

Adjustments this quarter were mainly due to foreign exchange movements, contract amendments and contract cancellations.

The book-to-sales ratio4 for the quarter was 1.16x. The ratio for the last 12 months was 1.10x.

This quarter, there were no additions to unfunded backlog and $90.1 million was transferred to obligated backlog.

You will find more details in Section 6 "Results by segment" of this MD&A.

4 Non-IFRS financial measure, non-IFRS ratio, capital management measure, or supplementary financial measure. Refer to Section 11 “Non-IFRS and other financial measures and supplementary non-financial information” of this MD&A for the definitions and reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 11

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

6. RESULTS BY SEGMENT

We manage our business and report our results in two segments:

–Civil Aviation;

–Defense and Security.

The method used for the allocation of assets jointly used by the operating segments and costs and liabilities jointly incurred (mostly corporate costs) between operating segments is based on the level of utilization when determinable and measurable, otherwise the allocation is based on a proportion of each segment’s cost of sales and revenue.

Unless otherwise indicated, elements within our segment revenue and adjusted segment operating income analysis are presented in order of magnitude.

6.1 Civil Aviation

THIRD QUARTER OF FISCAL 2024

CONTRACT AWARDS

Civil Aviation obtained contracts this quarter expected to generate revenues of $845.4 million including contracts for 20 full-flight simulators (FFSs) sold in the quarter, bringing the FFS order intake for the first nine months of the fiscal year to 57 FFSs.

Notable contract awards for the quarter included:

–A 10-year commercial aviation training agreement with Air France KLM Group;

–A 3-year business aviation training agreement with Solairus Aviation;

–A 5-year business aviation training agreement with Clay Lacy Aviation;

–A 5-year flight services renewal with Azul Linhas Aereas Brasileiras;

–Two Airbus A320 FFSs and one Boeing B787 FFS to Air China;

–Two Boeing B787 FFSs to Riyadh Air;

–One Airbus A350 FFS and one Boeing B787 FFS to Lufthansa Aviation Training;

–A 5-year business aviation maintenance training agreement with CHC Helicopter.


FINANCIAL RESULTS
(amounts in millions)		Q3-2024	Q2-2024	Q1-2024	Q4-2023	Q3-2023
Revenue	$	622.1	572.6	540.3	661.4	517.4
Operating income	$	101.0	88.4	105.6	149.3	117.2
Adjusted segment operating income	$	124.2	114.3	119.0	162.9	131.4
As a % of revenue5	%	20.0	20.0	22.0	24.6	25.4
Depreciation and amortization	$	70.7	65.2	66.2	64.0	63.5
Property, plant and equipment expenditures	$	65.9	37.5	64.4	49.5	58.4
Intangible asset expenditures	$	21.9	22.7	31.8	24.8	22.1
Capital employed5	$	4,774.6	4,778.8	4,710.9	4,710.4	4,673.3
Adjusted backlog	$	6,119.8	5,903.1	5,764.8	5,730.8	5,647.6

Supplementary non-financial information
Simulator equivalent unit		275	268	268	265	263
FFSs in CAE's network		336	331	327	324	323
Utilization rate	%	76	71	77	78	73
FFS deliveries		13	11	6	17	9

Revenue up 20% compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023

The increase in revenue compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023 was mainly due to higher revenue recognized from simulator sales mainly due to higher deliveries and program mix, a more favourable sales mix on training services, higher revenue from simulator lifecycle support services and higher utilization and increased volume from recently deployed simulators in our network. The increase was partially offset by lower revenue from flight operations solutions due to contract mix.

5 Non-IFRS financial measure, non-IFRS ratio, capital management measure, or supplementary financial measure. Refer to Section 11 “Non-IFRS and other financial measures and supplementary non-financial information” of this MD&A for the definitions and reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

12 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Revenue year to date was $1,735.0 million, $230.0 million or 15% higher than the same period last year. The increase was mainly due to a more favourable sales mix on training services, higher utilization and increased volume from recently deployed simulators in our network, higher revenue from simulator lifecycle support services, higher revenue recognized from simulator sales driven by higher deliveries and the foreign exchange impact on the translation of our foreign operations.

Operating income down 14% compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023

Operating income was $101.0 million (16.2% of revenue) this quarter, compared to $117.2 million (22.7% of revenue) in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. This quarter’s operating income included restructuring, integration and acquisition costs of $23.2 million compared to $11.2 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.

The decrease compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023 was mainly due to higher selling, general and administrative expenses, which was aligned with the increase in revenue, higher restructuring, integration and acquisition costs, and a lower contribution from flight operations solutions due to a less favourable mix of contracts worked on in the quarter, partially offset by higher utilization and increased volume from recently deployed simulators in our network and the foreign exchange impact on the translation of our foreign operations.

Operating income for the first nine months of the year was $295.0 million (17.0% of revenue), $14.0 million or 5% higher than the same period last year. This period’s operating income included restructuring, integration and acquisition costs of $62.5 million compared to $38.4 million in the same period last year.

The increase compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2023 was mainly due to a more favourable sales mix on training services, higher utilization and increased volume from recently deployed simulators in our network and the foreign exchange impact on the translation of our foreign operations. The increase was partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses, which was aligned with the increase in revenue, higher restructuring, integration and acquisition costs and higher research and development costs.

Adjusted segment operating income down 5% compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023

Adjusted segment operating income was $124.2 million (20.0% of revenue) this quarter, compared to $131.4 million (25.4% of revenue) in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.

The decrease compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023 was mainly due higher selling, general and administrative expenses, which was aligned with the increase in revenue, and a lower contribution from flight operations solutions due to a less favourable mix of contracts worked on in the quarter, partially offset by higher utilization and increased volume from recently deployed simulators in our network and the foreign exchange impact on the translation of our foreign operations.

Adjusted segment operating income for the first nine months of the year was $357.5 million (20.6% of revenue), $35.1 million or 11% higher than the same period last year. The increase was mainly due to a more favourable sales mix on training services and higher utilization and increased volume from recently deployed simulators in our network. The increase was partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses, which was aligned with the increase in revenue, and higher research and development costs.

Property, plant and equipment expenditures at $65.9 million this quarter

Growth capital expenditures were $48.5 million for the quarter and maintenance capital expenditures were $17.4 million.

Capital employed decreased by $4.2 million compared to last quarter

The decrease compared to last quarter was mainly due to movements in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by higher property, plant and equipment expenditures.

Adjusted backlog up 4% compared to last quarter


	Three months ended		Nine months ended
(amounts in millions)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2023
Obligated backlog, beginning of period	$	5,745.5	$	5,555.2
+ adjusted order intake		845.4		2,193.4
- revenue		(622.1)		(1,735.0)
+ / - adjustments		(96.9)		(141.7)
Obligated backlog, end of period	$	5,871.9	$	5,871.9
Joint venture backlog (all obligated)		247.9		247.9
Adjusted backlog	$	6,119.8	$	6,119.8

Adjustments this quarter were mainly due to foreign exchange movements and a contract cancellation.

This quarter's book-to-sales ratio was 1.36x. The ratio for the last 12 months was 1.27x.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 13

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

6.2 Defense and Security

THIRD QUARTER OF FISCAL 2024

CONTRACT AWARDS

Defense and Security was awarded $428.5 million in orders this quarter. Notable contract awards include:

–The U.S. Air Force (USAF) for the continuation of flight training on C-130H devices;

–The USAF for the maintenance of F-16 training devices;

–The USAF for continuation of flight training on KC-135 devices;

–The U.S. Army for exercising an option year to continue fixed-wing flight training and support services at the CAE Dothan Training Center.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PERTAINING TO DEFENSE AND SECURITY CONTRACTS

Within the Defense and Security segment, we have a number of fixed-price contracts which offer certain potential advantages and efficiencies but can also be negatively impacted by execution difficulties and adverse changes to general economic conditions, including unforeseen supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures and availability of labour. These risks can result in cost overruns and reduced profit margins or losses. For further details, refer to Section 10 “Business risk and uncertainty” of this MD&A. While these risks can often be managed or mitigated, there are eight distinct legacy contracts entered into prior to the COVID-19 pandemic that are fixed-price in structure, with little to no provision for cost escalation, and that have been more significantly impacted by these risks (the Legacy Contracts).

For the third quarter of fiscal 2024, the ongoing execution of the Legacy Contracts had a negative impact of approximately two percentage points on the Defense and Security adjusted segment operating income margin.

Management is closely monitoring the Legacy Contracts as a separate group and continues to be highly focused on the execution and the retirement of the Legacy Contracts and mitigating the finite cost pressures associated with them. The Legacy Contracts have completion dates mainly within the next two fiscal years and the risks associated with them will be reduced as they are substantially retired over the next six to eight quarters with variability in quarterly financial impacts resulting from the timing of program close outs, customer acceptance, and the ability to mitigate associated risks and costs as we continue to execute them.


FINANCIAL RESULTS
(amounts in millions)		Q3-2024	Q2-2024	Q1-2024	Q4-2023	Q3-2023
Revenue	$	472.4	477.4	471.7	536.0	452.5
Operating income	$	20.6	9.3	22.7	29.0	24.9
Adjusted segment operating income	$	20.9	21.3	24.3	30.5	25.4
As a % of revenue	%	4.4	4.5	5.2	5.7	5.6
Depreciation and amortization	$	23.6	23.2	23.6	23.2	21.7
Property, plant and equipment expenditures	$	19.3	23.9	25.8	11.9	4.8
Intangible asset expenditures	$	5.2	6.7	6.5	9.4	5.6
Capital employed	$	2,627.0	2,697.4	2,698.6	2,565.0	2,514.5
Adjusted backlog	$	5,626.5	5,870.0	5,418.7	5,065.6	5,147.5

Revenue up 4% compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023

The increase in revenue compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023 was mainly due to higher revenue on our European and North American programs and the foreign exchange impact on the translation of our foreign operations.

Revenue year to date was $1,421.5 million, $113.3 million or 9% higher than the same period last year. The increase was mainly due to a higher level of activity on our North American, European and Australasian programs and the foreign exchange impact on the translation of our foreign operations.

Operating income decreased $4.3 million compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023

Operating income was $20.6 million (4.4% of revenue) this quarter, compared to $24.9 million (5.5% of revenue) in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. This quarter’s operating income included restructuring, integration and acquisition costs of $0.3 million compared to a reversal of $6.3 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.

The decrease compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023 was mainly due to a gain on the reversal of impairment of an intangible asset presented in restructuring, integration and acquisition costs last year. The decrease was also due to higher net research and development expenses, partially offset by higher profitability on our North American and European programs.

Operating income for the first nine months of the year was $52.6 million (3.7% of revenue), $45.9 million higher than the same period last year. This period’s operating income included restructuring, integration and acquisition costs of $13.9 million compared to $9.1 million in the same period last year.

14 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The increase compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2023 was mainly due to higher profitability on our North American programs, compared to the prior year, which included the impact of the unfavourable contract profit adjustments on two U.S programs in the first quarter of fiscal 2023, and higher profitability in our joint ventures, partially offset by higher net research and development expenses and higher restructuring, integration and acquisition costs.

Adjusted segment operating income down 18% compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023

Adjusted segment operating income was $20.9 million (4.4% of revenue) this quarter, compared to $25.4 million (5.6% of revenue) in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.

The decrease compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023 was mainly due to a gain on the reversal of impairment of an intangible asset recognized last year and higher net research and development expenses, partially offset by higher profitability on our North American and European programs.

Adjusted segment operating income for the first nine months of the year was $66.5 million (4.7% of revenue), $43.9 million higher than the same period last year. The increase was mainly due to higher profitability on our North American programs, compared to the prior year, which included the impact of the unfavourable contract profit adjustments on two U.S programs in the first quarter of fiscal 2023, and higher profitability in our joint ventures, partially offset by higher net research and development expenses.

Property, plant and equipment expenditures at $19.3 million this quarter

Growth capital expenditures were $16.6 million for the quarter and maintenance capital expenditures were $2.7 million.

Capital employed decreased by $70.4 compared to last quarter

The decrease compared to last quarter was mainly due to movements in foreign exchange rates, a lower investment in non-cash working capital and higher other non-current liabilities driven by deposits received from customers. The decrease was partially offset by higher right-of-use assets.

Adjusted backlog down 4% compared to last quarter


	Three months ended		Nine months ended
(amounts in millions)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2023
Obligated backlog, beginning of period	$	3,200.8	$	3,406.7
+ adjusted order intake		428.5		1,193.5
- revenue		(472.4)		(1,421.5)
+ / - adjustments		(28.7)		(50.5)
Obligated backlog, end of period	$	3,128.2	$	3,128.2
Joint venture backlog (all obligated)		140.2		140.2
Unfunded backlog and options		2,358.1		2,358.1
Adjusted backlog	$	5,626.5	$	5,626.5

Adjustments this quarter were mainly due to foreign exchange movements and contract amendments.

This quarter's book-to-sales ratio was 0.91x. The ratio for the last 12 months was 0.90x.

This quarter, there were no additions to unfunded backlog and $90.1 million was transferred to obligated backlog.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 15

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

7. CONSOLIDATED CASH MOVEMENTS AND LIQUIDITY

We manage liquidity and regularly monitor the factors that could affect it, including:

–Cash generated from operations, including timing of milestone payments and management of working capital;

–Capital expenditure requirements;

–Scheduled repayments of long-term debt obligations, our credit capacity and expected future debt market conditions.

7.1 Consolidated cash movements


					Three months ended								Nine months ended
					December 31						December 31
(amounts in millions)					2023				2022				2023		2022
Cash provided by operating activities*					$	148.6			$	158.7			$	392.1	$	364.4
Changes in non-cash working capital					72.2				93.7				(40.4)		(136.6)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	220.8	$	252.4			$	351.7			$	227.8
Maintenance capital expenditures6					(20.7)				(16.1)				(79.3)		(48.0)
Change in ERP and other assets					(10.4)				(10.8)				(35.2)		(30.7)
Proceeds from the disposal of property, plant and equipment					0.1				0.3				3.7		4.8
Net payments to equity accounted investees	(14.9)		(2.0)				(40.5)				(10.5)
Dividends received from equity accounted investees					13.2				13.9				30.3		20.3

Impact of discontinued operations					1.9				2.1				(3.6)		21.7
Free cash flow6					$	190.0			$	239.8			$	227.1	$	185.4
Growth capital expenditures6					(64.9)				(47.3)				(158.8)		(157.9)
Capitalized development costs					(28.5)				(18.9)				(80.0)		(64.3)

Net proceeds from the issuance of common shares					0.7				0.2				7.6		15.5

Business combinations, net of cash acquired	—		—				—				(6.4)




Other cash movements, net					(0.5)				(31.7)				2.2		(31.8)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(12.3)		9.1				(15.0)				13.8
Impact of discontinued operations					(1.9)				(2.1)				3.6		(21.7)
Net change in cash before proceeds and repayment of long-term debt	$	82.6	$	149.1			$	(13.3)			$	(67.4)
* before changes in non-cash working capital

Net cash from operating activities was $220.8 million this quarter

Net cash from operating activities was $31.6 million lower compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The decrease was mainly due to a lower contribution from non-cash working capital and lower net income before non-cash items.

Net cash from operating activities for the first nine months of the year was $351.7 million, $123.9 million higher than the same period last year. The increase was mainly due to a lower investment in non-cash working capital and higher net income before non-cash items.

Free cash flow was $190.0 million this quarter

Free cash flow was $49.8 million lower compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The decrease was mainly due to a lower contribution from non-cash working capital, higher payments to equity accounted investees and lower cash provided by operating activities.

Free cash flow for the first nine months of the year was $227.1 million, $41.7 million higher than the same period last year. The increase was mainly due to a lower investment in non-cash working capital and higher cash provided by operating activities, partially offset by higher maintenance capital expenditures and higher payments to equity accounted investees.

Property, plant and equipment expenditures were $85.6 million this quarter

Total property, plant and equipment expenditures were $85.6 million this quarter and $238.1 million for the first nine months of the year. Growth capital expenditures were $64.9 million this quarter and $158.8 million for the first nine months of the year. Maintenance capital expenditures were $20.7 million this quarter and $79.3 million for the first nine months of the year.

6 Non-IFRS financial measure, non-IFRS ratio, capital management measure, or supplementary financial measure. Refer to Section 11 “Non-IFRS and other financial measures and supplementary non-financial information” of this MD&A for the definitions and reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

16 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL POSITION

8.1 Consolidated capital employed


	As at December 31		As at September 30		As at March 31
(amounts in millions)		2023		2023		2023
Use of capital7:
Current assets	$	2,410.5	$	2,280.9	$	2,235.0
Less: cash and cash equivalents		(124.5)		(181.5)		(217.6)
Less: assets net of liabilities held for sale		(224.6)		—		—
Current liabilities		(2,669.5)		(2,424.3)		(2,246.7)
Less: current portion of long-term debt		592.8		424.7		214.6
Non-cash working capital7	$	(15.3)	$	99.8	$	(14.7)
Assets net of liabilities held for sale		224.6		—		—
Property, plant and equipment		2,451.1		2,445.0		2,387.1

Intangible assets		3,830.3		4,046.7		4,050.8
Other long-term assets		1,779.7		1,792.7		1,763.6
Other long-term liabilities		(456.7)		(483.8)		(565.4)
Capital employed	$	7,813.7	$	7,900.4	$	7,621.4
Source of capital7:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	592.8	$	424.7	$	214.6
Long-term debt		2,617.1		2,941.3		3,035.5
Less: cash and cash equivalents		(124.5)		(181.5)		(217.6)
Net debt7	$	3,085.4	$	3,184.5	$	3,032.5
Equity attributable to equity holders of the Company		4,648.8		4,632.9		4,507.7
Non-controlling interests		79.5		83.0		81.2
Capital employed	$	7,813.7	$	7,900.4	$	7,621.4

Capital employed decreased by $86.7 million compared to last quarter

The decrease was mainly due to lower intangible assets and lower non-cash working capital, partially offset by higher assets net of liabilities held for sale and lower other long-term liabilities, as described below.

Adjusted return on capital employed (ROCE)7

Adjusted ROCE was 7.0% this quarter, which compares to 5.5% in the third quarter of last year and 7.1% last quarter.

Non-cash working capital decreased by $115.1 million compared to last quarter

The decrease was mainly due to lower accounts receivable and lower inventories, partially offset by lower contract liabilities.

Assets net of liabilities held for sale at $224.6 million this quarter

Assets net of liabilities held for sale this quarter are related to the discontinued operations of Healthcare. You will find more details in Section 9 “Discontinued operations” of this MD&A.

Intangible assets decreased by $216.4 million compared to last quarter

The decrease was mainly due to assets of discontinued operations classified as held for sale and movements in foreign exchange rates.

Other long-term liabilities decreased by $27.1 million compared to last quarter

The decrease was mainly due to liabilities of discontinued operations classified as held for sale.

Total debt decreased by $156.1 million compared to last quarter

The decrease in total debt was mainly due to net repayment of borrowings under the revolving credit facilities and movements in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by additions and remeasurements of lease liabilities.

7 Non-IFRS financial measure, non-IFRS ratio, capital management measure, or supplementary financial measure. Refer to Section 11 “Non-IFRS and other financial measures and supplementary non-financial information” of this MD&A for the definitions and reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 17

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Net debt decreased by $99.1 million compared to last quarter



	Three months ended		Nine months ended
(amounts in millions)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2023
Net debt, beginning of period	$	3,184.5	$	3,032.5

Impact of cash movements on net debt
(see table in the consolidated cash movements section 7.1)		(82.6)		13.3
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on long-term debt		(51.7)		(55.0)

Non-cash lease liability movements		39.8		84.4
Other		7.5		22.3
Impact of discontinued operations		(12.1)		(12.1)
Change in net debt during the period	$	(99.1)	$	52.9
Net debt, end of period	$	3,085.4	$	3,085.4


Liquidity measures	As at December 31		As at December 31
	2023		2022
Net debt-to-capital8	%	39.5	%	40.8

Net debt-to-EBITDA8		3.48		4.44

Net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA8*		3.16		3.85
*The impact of the reclassification of adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations on the net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA ratio was an increase of 0.07 for December 31, 2023 and 0.11 for December 31, 2022.

We have a US$1.0 billion committed unsecured revolving credit facility at floating rates, provided by a syndicate of lenders. We and some of our subsidiaries can borrow funds directly from this credit facility to cover operating and general corporate expenses and to issue letters of credit. We manage an uncommitted receivable purchase facility of up to US$400.0 million, in which we sell interests in certain of our accounts receivable to third parties for cash consideration. This facility is renewed annually.

We have certain debt agreements which require the maintenance of standard financial covenants. As at December 31, 2023, we are compliant with all our financial covenants.

In June 2023, we completed a private offering of $400.0 million of unsecured senior notes, bearing interest at 5.541% per annum, payable in equal semi-annual installments until maturity in June 2028. The net proceeds were used to repay certain indebtedness outstanding under the Revolving Facility and for general corporate purposes. Concurrently, we entered into fixed to fixed cross currency principal and interest rate swap agreements to effectively convert the $400.0 million unsecured senior notes into U.S. dollars. We have designated the swap agreements as a hedge of our net investments in U.S. entities against foreign currency fluctuations.

Pension obligations

In June 2023, we entered into an annuity purchase transaction in which the pension obligations associated with certain retired members of Canadian defined benefit pension plans were transferred to a third-party insurer. This transaction reduces our future pension liability growth and the funding volatility risk.

Total equity increased by $12.4 million this quarter

The increase in equity was mainly due to net income realized this quarter, partially offset by changes in other comprehensive income, including defined benefit plan remeasurements and foreign currency translation adjustments.

Outstanding share data

Our articles of incorporation authorize the issue of an unlimited number of common shares and an unlimited number of preferred shares issued in series. We had a total of 318,302,308 common shares issued and outstanding as at December 31, 2023 with total share capital of $2,252.6 million. In addition, we had 6,481,511 options outstanding. As at January 31, 2024, we had a total of 318,302,308 common shares issued and outstanding and 6,477,036 options outstanding.

Share-based compensation

In August 2023, CAE's shareholders approved the Omnibus Incentive Plan, which allows equity awards to be granted to eligible participants in the form of stock options, restricted share units (RSUs) and performance share unit (PSUs). The total number of shares reserved for issuance under the Omnibus Incentive Plan is 10,000,000. The Omnibus Incentive Plan supplements the existing cash‑settled RSU and PSU plans and stock option plan (collectively, the “Existing Plans”). Awards granted under the Existing Plans will remain outstanding and governed by the respective terms of such plans, but no new awards will be granted under any of the Existing Plans. All awards made under the Omnibus Incentive Plan are considered equity-settled arrangements.

8 Non-IFRS financial measure, non-IFRS ratio, capital management measure, or supplementary financial measure. Refer to Section 11 “Non-IFRS and other financial measures and supplementary non-financial information” of this MD&A for the definitions and reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

18 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

9. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

On October 24, 2023, we announced that we have reached a definitive agreement to sell CAE’s Healthcare business to Madison Industries for an enterprise value of $311 million, subject to customary adjustments. This transaction better positions CAE to efficiently allocate capital and resources to secure growth opportunities on the horizon in our much larger, core simulation and training markets: Civil Aviation and Defense and Security. Closing of the transaction, which is subject to closing conditions, including customary regulatory approvals, is expected before the end of fiscal year 2024. Sale proceeds will be principally used to accelerate deleveraging, as well as to support CAE’s continued focus on technology advancement, market leadership and cost optimization within its core training and simulation markets.

The Healthcare business, which offers healthcare students and clinical professionals integrated physical, digital and virtual education and training solutions, is reported as discontinued operations and the associated assets and liabilities are presented as held for sale as at December 31, 2023.

The net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) from discontinued operations are as follows:


			Three months ended								Nine months ended
			December 31						December 31
			2023				2022				2023				2022
Revenue			$	36.0			$	50.4			$	116.9			$	133.6
Expenses			34.3				46.6				110.5				133.9
Operating income (loss)			$	1.7			$	3.8			$	6.4			$	(0.3)
Transaction costs			2.2				—				2.2				—
Finance expense			1.1				1.1				3.0				3.1
(Loss) earnings before income taxes			$	(1.6)			$	2.7			$	1.2			$	(3.4)
Income tax expense (recovery)			0.3				0.6				0.4				(0.7)
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations	$	(1.9)			$	2.1			$	0.8			$	(2.7)


			Three months ended						Nine months ended
			December 31				December 31
			2023			2022			2023			2022
Foreign currency exchange differences on translation of foreign operations	$	(3.2)		$	(1.7)		$	(1.7)		$	5.8
Other comprehensive (loss) income from discontinued operations	$	(3.2)		$	(1.7)		$	(1.7)		$	5.8

No amount of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) from discontinued operations are attributable to non‑controlling interest.

As at December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of assets and liabilities presented as held for sale is as follows:


	December 31
		2023
Current assets		$	123.3
Property, plant and equipment		6.4
Right-of-use assets		9.6
Intangible assets, including goodwill of $118.0 million		162.1
Deferred tax assets		14.2
Other non-current assets		14.5
Assets of discontinued operations classified as held for sale		$	330.1
Current liabilities		42.3
Long-term debt (lease liabilities)		10.6
Royalty obligations		34.2
Deferred tax liabilities		1.3
Other non-current liabilities		17.1
Liabilities of discontinued operations classified as held for sale		$	105.5
Assets net of liabilities held for sale		$	224.6

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 19

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The net cash flows from discontinued operations are as follows:


			Nine months ended
	December 31
			2023				2022
Operating activities	$	6.0			$	(20.8)
Investing activities			(12.3)				(8.6)
Financing activities			(1.1)				(1.0)
Net cash flows used in discontinued operations			$	(7.4)			$	(30.4)

10. BUSINESS RISK AND UNCERTAINTY

We operate in several industry segments which present a variety of risks and uncertainties, many of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operation and could cause actual events to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties can be found in Section 9 of CAE’s MD&A for the year ended March 31, 2023, available on our website (www.cae.com), SEDAR+ (www.sedarplus.ca) and EDGAR (www.sec.gov). These risks and uncertainties, which management reviews on a quarterly basis, have not materially changed in the period since March 31, 2023, except that the “Fixed price and long-term supply contracts” risk in Section 9.2 “Operational risks” is revised as follows.

Fixed price and long-term supply contracts

We provide a number of our products and services through fixed-price contracts that enable us, contrary to cost-reimbursable contracts, to benefit from performance improvements, cost reductions and efficiencies, but also require us to absorb cost overruns reducing profit margins or incurring losses if we are unable to achieve estimated costs and revenues. It can be difficult to estimate all of the costs associated with these contracts, including assumptions on future rates of inflation, or to accurately project the level of sales we may ultimately achieve. In addition, a number of contracts to supply equipment and services to commercial airlines and defence organizations are long-term agreements that can run up to 25 years. While some of these contracts can be adjusted for increases in inflation and costs, the adjustments may not fully offset the increases, or we may not be able to successfully negotiate requests for equitable adjustment from our government customers, which could negatively affect the results of our operations. Other contracts involve new technologies and applications and unforeseen events, such as technological difficulties, fluctuations in the price of raw materials, a significant increase in inflation, problems with our suppliers and cost overruns, can result in the contractual price becoming less favourable or even unprofitable to us over time. Some of our programs rely on the supply of OEM systems as specified by our customers and over which we may have limited control over pricing and against which our customer contracts may not sufficiently provision to cover unplanned price increases from such OEMs.

In particular, within the Defense and Security segment, we have a number of fixed-price contracts which offer certain potential advantages and efficiencies but can also be negatively impacted by execution difficulties and adverse changes to general economic conditions, including unforeseen supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures and availability of labour. These risks can result in cost overruns and reduced profit margins or losses. While these risks can often be managed or mitigated, there are eight distinct legacy contracts entered into prior to the COVID-19 pandemic that are fixed-price in structure, with little to no provision for cost escalation, and that have been more significantly impacted by these risks (the Legacy Contracts).

Management is closely monitoring the Legacy Contracts as a separate group and continues to be highly focused on the execution and the retirement of the Legacy Contracts and mitigating the finite cost pressures associated with them. The extent to which the ongoing risk retirement on these programs might impact Defense and Security margins in the coming quarters will depend on the actual timing of program close outs and our ability to mitigate these risks. The Legacy Contracts have completion dates mainly within the next two fiscal years and the risks associated with them will be reduced as they are substantially retired over the next six to eight quarters with variability in quarterly financial impacts resulting from the timing of program close outs, customer acceptance, and the ability to mitigate associated risks and costs as we continue to execute them.

If our efforts to execute and retire the Legacy Contracts within expected timeframes and within projected costs are not as anticipated, whether individually or in the aggregate, it could result in continuing material impacts on the overall Defense and Security segment financial position and results, the severity of which cannot be predicted at this time.

20 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

11. NON-IFRS AND OTHER FINANCIAL MEASURES AND SUPPLEMENTARY NON-FINANCIAL INFORMATION

11.1 Non-IFRS and other financial measure definitions

A non-IFRS financial measure is a financial measure that depicts our financial performance, financial position, or cash flow and either excludes an amount that is included in or includes an amount that is excluded from the composition of the most directly comparable financial measures disclosed in our financial statements.

A non-IFRS ratio is a financial measure disclosed in the form of a ratio, fraction, percentage, or similar representation, that has a non‑IFRS financial measure as one or more of its components.

A total of segments measure is a financial measure that is a subtotal or total of two or more reportable segments and is disclosed within the notes to our consolidated financial statements, but not in our primary financial statements.

A capital management measure is a financial measure intended to enable an individual to evaluate our objectives, policies and processes for managing our capital and is disclosed within the notes to our consolidated financial statements, but not in our primary financial statements.

A supplementary financial measure is a financial measure that depicts our historical or expected future financial performance, financial position or cash flow and is not disclosed within our primary financial statements, nor does it meet the definition of any of the above measures.

PERFORMANCE MEASURES

Gross profit margin (or gross profit as a % of revenue)

Gross profit margin is a supplementary financial measure calculated by dividing our gross profit by revenue for a given period. We track it because we believe it provides an enhanced understanding of our operating performance and facilitates the comparison across reporting periods.

Operating income margin (or operating income as a % of revenue)

Adjusted segment operating income or loss

Adjusted segment operating income or loss is a non-IFRS financial measure that gives us an indication of the profitability of each segment because it does not include the impact of any items not specifically related to the segment’s performance. We calculate adjusted segment operating income by taking operating income and adjusting for restructuring, integration and acquisition costs, and impairments and other gains and losses arising from significant strategic transactions or specific events. Impairments and other gains and losses arising from significant strategic transactions or specific events consist of the impairment reversal of non-financial assets following their repurposing and optimization (as described in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended March31, 2023) and cloud computing transition adjustment (as described in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022). We track adjusted segment operating income because we believe it provides an enhanced understanding of our operating performance and facilitates the comparison across reporting periods. Adjusted segment operating income on a consolidated basis is a total of segments measure since it is the profitability measure employed by management for making decisions about allocating resources to segments and assessing segment performance. Refer to Section 11.3 “Non‑IFRS measure reconciliations” of this MD&A for a reconciliation of this measure to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

Adjusted segment operating income margin (or adjusted segment operating income as a % of revenue)

Adjusted effective tax rate

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 21

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Adjusted net income or loss

Adjusted earnings or loss per share (EPS)

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

Free cash flow

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE MEASURES

Non-cash working capital

Non-cash working capital is a non-IFRS financial measure we use to monitor how much money we have committed in the day-to-day operation of our business. We calculate it by taking current assets (not including cash and cash equivalents and assets held for sale) and subtracting current liabilities (not including the current portion of long-term debt and liabilities held for sale). Refer to Section 8.1 “Consolidated capital employed” of this MD&A for a reconciliation of this measure to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

Capital employed

Capital employed is a non-IFRS financial measure we use to evaluate and monitor how much we are investing in our business. We measure it from two perspectives:

Use of capital:

–For the Company as a whole, we take total assets (not including cash and cash equivalents), and subtract total liabilities (not including long-term debt and the current portion of long-term debt);

–For each segment, we take the total assets (not including cash and cash equivalents, tax accounts, employee benefits assets and other non-operating assets), and subtract total liabilities (not including tax accounts, long-term debt and the current portion of long‑term debt, royalty obligations, employee benefit obligations and other non-operating liabilities).

Source of capital:

–In order to understand our source of capital, we add net debt to total equity.

Refer to Section 8.1 “Consolidated capital employed” of this MD&A for a reconciliation of this measure to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

22 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Adjusted return on capital employed (ROCE)

Net debt

Net debt is a capital management measure we use to monitor how much debt we have after taking into account cash and cash equivalents. We use it as an indicator of our overall financial position, and calculate it by taking our total long-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt, and subtracting cash and cash equivalents. Refer to Section 8.1 “Consolidated capital employed” of this MD&A for a reconciliation of this measure to the most directly comparable measure under IFRS.

Net debt-to-capital

Net debt-to-capital is a capital management measure calculated as net debt divided by the sum of total equity plus net debt. We use this to manage our capital structure and monitor our capital allocation priorities.

Net debt-to-EBITDA and net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA

Net debt-to-EBITDA and net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA are non-IFRS ratios calculated as net debt divided by the last twelve months EBITDA (or adjusted EBITDA). We use net debt-to-EBITDA and net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA because they reflect our ability to service our debt obligations. Refer to Section 11.3 “Non-IFRS measure reconciliations” of this MD&A for a calculation of these measures.

Maintenance and growth capital expenditures

Maintenance capital expenditure is a supplementary financial measure we use to calculate the investment needed to sustain the current level of economic activity.

Growth capital expenditure is a supplementary financial measure we use to calculate the investment needed to increase the current level of economic activity.

The sum of maintenance capital expenditures and growth capital expenditures represents our total property, plant and equipment expenditures.

GROWTH MEASURES

Adjusted order intake

Adjusted order intake is a supplementary financial measure that represents the expected value of orders we have received:

Adjusted backlog

Adjusted backlog is a supplementary financial measure that represents expected future revenues and includes obligated backlog, joint venture backlog and unfunded backlog and options:

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 23

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Book-to-sales ratio

11.2 Supplementary non-financial information definitions

Full-flight simulators (FFSs) in CAE's network

Simulator equivalent unit (SEU)

Utilization rate

11.3 Non-IFRS measure reconciliations

Reconciliation of adjusted segment operating income


					Defense
(amounts in millions)	Civil Aviation				and Security				Total
Three months ended December 31	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating income	$	101.0	$	117.2	$	20.6	$	24.9	$	121.6	$	142.1
Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs	23.2		11.2		0.3		(6.3)		23.5		4.9
Impairments and other gains and losses arising from
significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets
following their repurposing and optimization	—		3.0		—		6.8		—		9.8
Adjusted segment operating income	$	124.2	$	131.4	$	20.9	$	25.4	$	145.1	$	156.8

					Defense
(amounts in millions)	Civil Aviation				and Security				Total
Nine months ended December 31	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating income	$	295.0	$	281.0	$	52.6	$	6.7	$	347.6	$	287.7
Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs	62.5		38.4		13.9		9.1		76.4		47.5
Impairments and other gains and losses arising from
significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets
following their repurposing and optimization	—		3.0		—		6.8		—		9.8
Adjusted segment operating income	$	357.5	$	322.4	$	66.5	$	22.6	$	424.0	$	345.0

24 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Reconciliation of adjusted net income and adjusted EPS


			Three months ended								Nine months ended
			December 31						December 31
(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)			2023				2022				2023				2022

Net income attributable to equity holders of the Company			$	56.5			$	78.1			$	180.2			$	124.3
Net loss (income) from discontinued operations			1.9				(2.1)				(0.8)				2.7

Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs, after tax			18.2				4.0				58.7				35.7
Impairments and other gains and losses arising from
significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets following
their repurposing and optimization, after tax			—				7.1				—				7.1

Adjusted net income			$	76.6			$	87.1			$	238.1			$	169.8

Average number of shares outstanding (diluted)			319.1				318.3				319.0				318.3

Adjusted EPS	$	0.24			$	0.27			$	0.75			$	0.53

Calculation of adjusted effective tax rate


	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	December 31						December 31
(amounts in millions, except effective tax rates)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Earnings before income taxes	$	69.2		$	94.4		$	195.0		$	164.5
Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs	23.5			4.9			76.4			47.5
Impairments and other gains and losses arising from
significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets
following their repurposing and optimization	—			9.8			—			9.8
Adjusted earnings before income taxes	$	92.7		$	109.1		$	271.4		$	221.8

Income tax expense	$	8.2		$	16.5		$	7.8		$	31.8
Tax impact on restructuring, integration and acquisition costs	5.3			0.9			17.7			11.8
Tax impact on impairments and other gains and losses arising
from significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Tax impact on impairment reversal of non-financial assets
following their repurposing and optimization	—			2.7			—			2.7
Adjusted income tax expense	$	13.5		$	20.1		$	25.5		$	46.3

Effective tax rate	12		%	17		%	4		%	19		%
Adjusted effective tax rate	15		%	18		%	9		%	21		%

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 25

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Reconciliation of EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, net debt-to-EBITDA and net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA


	Last twelve months ended
	December 31
(amounts in millions, except net debt-to-EBITDA ratios)		2023		2022
Operating income		$	525.9	$	371.6

Depreciation and amortization		359.7		320.8
EBITDA		$	885.6	$	692.4

Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs		91.5		83.3
Impairments and other gains and losses arising from
significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets
following their repurposing and optimization		—		9.8
Cloud computing transition adjustment		—		13.4
Adjusted EBITDA		$	977.1	$	798.9

Net debt		$	3,085.4	$	3,073.0

Net debt-to-EBITDA		3.48		4.44
Net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA		3.16		3.85

12. CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accounting policies described below related to discontinued operations and assets and liabilities held for sale are applicable to the consolidated interim financial statements for the quarter ended December 31, 2023 but were not previously disclosed within the annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2023.

Discontinued operations and assets and liabilities held for sale

Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits and financial assets which are specifically exempt from this measurement requirement.

A disposal group qualifies as discontinued operations if it is a component of the entity that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale and represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single coordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. Classification as a discontinued operation occurs at the earlier of disposal and when the operation meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale and the assets of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the consolidated statement of financial position. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the consolidated statement of financial position.

Non-current assets, including those that are part of a disposal group, are not depreciated or amortized while they are classified as held for sale. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale continue to be recognized.

Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount of net income from discontinued operations in the consolidated income statement and a single amount of other comprehensive income from discontinued operations in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

When an operation is classified as a discontinued operation, the comparative consolidated income statement and consolidated statement of comprehensive income are reclassified as if the operation had been discontinued from the beginning of the comparative year.

New and amended standards adopted

Amendments to IAS 12 - International Tax Reform — Pillar Two Model Rules

In May 2023, the IASB issued International Tax Reform—Pillar Two Model Rules, which amends IAS 12 - Income taxes to introduce a temporary exception to the requirements to recognize and disclose information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to Pillar Two income taxes. This amendment to IAS 12 was adopted in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and the exception has been applied retrospectively but no adjustments to previously reported figures were required.

Certain other amendments to accounting standards were applied for the first time on April 1, 2023, but did not have a significant impact on our consolidated interim financial statements.

26 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

13. INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that material information relating to the Company is communicated to the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Executive Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer by others, particularly during the period in which annual and interim filings are prepared, and that information required to be disclosed by the Company in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted by the Company under Canadian and U.S. securities laws is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified under those laws and the related rules.

As of December 31, 2023, management evaluated, under the supervision of and with the participation of the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Executive Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined under National Instrument 52-109 adopted by the Canadian Securities Administrators and in Rule 13(a)-15(e) under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

The Company has also established and maintains internal control over financial reporting, as defined under National Instrument 52-109 and in Rule 13(a)-15(f) under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed, under the supervision of the President and Chief Executive Officer as well as the Executive Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer, and effected by management and other key CAE personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the third quarter of fiscal 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. During the first nine months of fiscal 2024, our U.S. Defense and Security operations completed the initial phase of implementation of a new ERP system. Management employed appropriate procedures to ensure internal controls over financial reporting were in place during and after the conversion.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 27

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

14. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION


(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4	Year to date
Fiscal 2024
Revenue	$	1,012.0	$	1,050.0	$	1,094.5	(1)	3,156.5
Net income	$	67.8	$	61.1	$	59.1	(1)	188.0
Equity holders of the Company
Continuing operations	$	64.8	$	56.2	$	58.4	(1)	179.4
Discontinued operations	$	0.5	$	2.2	$	(1.9)	(1)	0.8
Non-controlling interests	$	2.5	$	2.7	$	2.6	(1)	7.8
Basic and diluted EPS attributable to equity holders of the Company	$	0.20	$	0.18	$	0.17	(1)	0.56
Continuing operations	$	0.20	$	0.17	$	0.18	(1)	0.56
Discontinued operations	$	—	$	0.01	$	(0.01)	(1)	—



Adjusted EPS	$	0.24	$	0.26	$	0.24	(1)	0.75
Average number of shares outstanding (basic)	318.0		318.2		318.3		(1)	318.1
Average number of shares outstanding (diluted)	318.8		319.2		319.1		(1)	318.9



Fiscal 2023
Revenue	$	893.7	949.6		969.9		1,197.4	4,010.6
Net income	$	3.7	46.3		80.0		101.9	231.9
Equity holders of the Company
Continuing operations	$	6.8	44.2		76.0		93.6	220.6
Discontinued operations	$	(5.1)	0.3		2.1		4.8	2.1
Non-controlling interests	$	2.0	1.8		1.9		3.5	9.2
Basic and diluted EPS attributable to equity holders of the Company	$	—	0.14		0.25		0.31	0.70
Continuing operations	$	0.02	0.14		0.24		0.29	0.69
Discontinued operations	$	(0.02)	—		0.01		0.02	0.01



Adjusted EPS	$	0.07	0.19		0.27		0.33	0.87
Average number of shares outstanding (basic)	317.1		317.8		317.9		317.9	317.7
Average number of shares outstanding (diluted)	318.2		318.4		318.3		318.7	318.4



Fiscal 2022
Revenue	$	721.1	780.0		816.6		902.2	3,219.9
Net income	$	47.3	17.2		28.4		57.1	150.0
Equity holders of the Company
Continuing operations	$	43.5	15.7		33.2		47.8	140.2
Discontinued operations	$	2.9	(1.7)		(7.0)		7.3	1.5
Non-controlling interests	$	0.9	3.2		2.2		2.0	8.3
Basic and diluted EPS attributable to equity holders of the Company	$	0.16	0.04		0.08		0.17	0.45
Continuing operations	$	0.15	0.05		0.10		0.15	0.45
Discontinued operations	$	0.01	(0.01)		(0.02)		0.02	—



Adjusted EPS	$	0.18	0.17		0.20		0.27	0.82
Average number of shares outstanding (basic)	293.6		316.5		316.9		317.0	311.0
Average number of shares outstanding (diluted)	295.8		318.7		318.7		318.5	312.9

(1) Not available.

28 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Consolidated Income Statement



			Three months ended December 31				Nine months ended December 31
(Unaudited)

(amounts in millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)	Notes		2023		2022		2023		2022
				Reclassified				Reclassified
					(Note 1)				(Note 1)
Continuing operations
Revenue	3	$	1,094.5	$	969.9	$	3,156.5	$	2,813.2
Cost of sales			791.9		693.0		2,283.5		2,066.5
Gross profit		$	302.6	$	276.9	$	873.0	$	746.7
Research and development expenses			38.1		27.1		108.1		91.2
Selling, general and administrative expenses			140.9		124.1		396.9		367.3
Other (gains) and losses	4		(4.8)		(6.9)		(8.4)		(13.1)
Share of after-tax profit of equity accounted investees	3		(16.7)		(14.4)		(47.6)		(33.9)
Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs	5		23.5		4.9		76.4		47.5
Operating income		$	121.6	$	142.1	$	347.6	$	287.7


Finance expense – net	6		52.4		47.7		152.6		123.2
Earnings before income taxes		$	69.2	$	94.4	$	195.0	$	164.5
Income tax expense	7		8.2		16.5		7.8		31.8
Net income from continuing operations		$	61.0	$	77.9	$	187.2	$	132.7

Net (loss) income from discontinued operations	2		(1.9)		2.1		0.8		(2.7)
Net income		$	59.1	$	80.0	$	188.0	$	130.0
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company		$	56.5	$	78.1	$	180.2	$	124.3
Non-controlling interests			2.6		1.9		7.8		5.7

Earnings per share attributable to equity holders of the Company
Basic and diluted – continuing operations	8	$	0.18	$	0.24	$	0.56	$	0.40
Basic and diluted – discontinued operations	8		(0.01)		0.01		—		(0.01)

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 29

Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income



			Three months ended December 31				Nine months ended December 31
(Unaudited)

(amounts in millions of Canadian dollars)	Notes		2023		2022		2023		2022
				Reclassified				Reclassified
					(Note 1)				(Note 1)
Net income from continuing operations		$	61.0	$	77.9	$	187.2	$	132.7
Items that may be reclassified to net income
Foreign currency exchange differences on translation of foreign operations		$	(77.7)	$	20.3	$	(105.3)	$	304.7
Net gain (loss) on hedges of net investment in foreign operations			56.2		30.3		54.6		(113.0)
Reclassification to income of gains on foreign currency exchange differences			(0.1)		(3.8)		(0.2)		(6.2)
Net gain (loss) on cash flow hedges			8.3		(4.7)		7.4		(10.2)
Reclassification to income of losses (gains) on cash flow hedges			1.8		9.5		4.9		(11.5)
Income taxes			(5.5)		(0.2)		(9.5)		12.2
		$	(17.0)	$	51.4	$	(48.1)	$	176.0
Items that will never be reclassified to net income
Remeasurement of defined benefit pension plan obligations		$	(34.5)	$	8.8	$	(22.5)	$	55.7

Income taxes			9.2		(2.4)		6.0		(14.9)
		$	(25.3)	$	6.4	$	(16.5)	$	40.8
Other comprehensive (loss) income from continuing operations		$	(42.3)	$	57.8	$	(64.6)	$	216.8
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations	2		(1.9)		2.1		0.8		(2.7)
Other comprehensive (loss) income from discontinued operations	2		(3.2)		(1.7)		(1.7)		5.8
Total comprehensive income		$	13.6	$	136.1	$	121.7	$	352.6
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company		$	11.7	$	133.9	$	114.9	$	343.1
Non-controlling interests			1.9		2.2		6.8		9.5

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.

30 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position


(Unaudited)		December 31			March 31
(amounts in millions of Canadian dollars)	Notes			2023		2023
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents			$	124.5	$	217.6

Accounts receivable				566.4		615.7
Contract assets				641.2		693.8
Inventories				601.0		583.4
Prepayments				69.6		64.1
Income taxes recoverable				56.7		48.3
Derivative financial assets				21.0		12.1
Assets of discontinued operations classified as held for sale	2			330.1		—
Total current assets			$	2,410.5	$	2,235.0
Property, plant and equipment				2,451.1		2,387.1
Right-of-use assets				458.4		426.9
Intangible assets				3,830.3		4,050.8
Investment in equity accounted investees				556.4		530.7
Employee benefits assets				32.6		51.1
Deferred tax assets				150.9		125.1
Derivative financial assets				15.5		9.2
Other non-current assets				565.9		620.6
Total assets			$	10,471.6	$	10,436.5

Liabilities and equity
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities			$	999.5	$	1,036.7
Provisions				19.1		26.7
Income taxes payable				21.2		21.1
Contract liabilities				906.9		905.7
Current portion of long-term debt				592.8		214.6

Derivative financial liabilities				24.5		41.9
Liabilities of discontinued operations classified as held for sale	2			105.5		—
Total current liabilities			$	2,669.5	$	2,246.7
Provisions				18.4		20.1
Long-term debt				2,617.1		3,035.5
Royalty obligations				79.0		119.4
Employee benefits obligations				100.2		91.9
Deferred tax liabilities				75.0		129.3
Derivative financial liabilities				2.4		6.5
Other non-current liabilities				181.7		198.2
Total liabilities			$	5,743.3	$	5,847.6
Equity
Share capital			$	2,252.6	$	2,243.6
Contributed surplus				59.3		42.1
Accumulated other comprehensive income				118.4		167.2
Retained earnings				2,218.5		2,054.8
Equity attributable to equity holders of the Company			$	4,648.8	$	4,507.7
Non-controlling interests				79.5		81.2
Total equity			$	4,728.3	$	4,588.9
Total liabilities and equity			$	10,471.6	$	10,436.5

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 31

Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity


(Unaudited)		Attributable to equity holders of the Company
Nine months ended December 31, 2023		Common shares					Accumulated other
(amounts in millions of Canadian dollars,		Number of		Stated	Contributed		comprehensive		Retained				Non-controlling			Total
except number of shares)	Notes	shares		value		surplus	income			earnings		Total	interests			equity
Balances as at March 31, 2023		317,906,290	$	2,243.6	$	42.1	$	167.2	$	2,054.8	$	4,507.7	$	81.2	$	4,588.9
Net income		—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	180.2	$	180.2	$	7.8	$	188.0
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		(48.8)		(16.5)		(65.3)		(1.0)		(66.3)





Total comprehensive (loss) income		—	$	—	$	—	$	(48.8)	$	163.7	$	114.9	$	6.8	$	121.7




Exercise of stock options		396,018		9.0		(1.4)		—		—		7.6		—		7.6


Equity-settled share-based payments expense	9	—		—		18.6		—		—		18.6		—		18.6


Transactions with non-controlling interests		—		—		—		—		—		—		(8.5)		(8.5)


Balances as at December 31, 2023		318,302,308	$	2,252.6	$	59.3	$	118.4	$	2,218.5	$	4,648.8	$	79.5	$	4,728.3

		Attributable to equity holders of the Company
Nine months ended December 31, 2022		Common shares					Accumulated other
(amounts in millions of Canadian dollars,		Number of		Stated	Contributed		comprehensive			Retained			Non-controlling			Total
except number of shares)		shares		value		surplus	income			earnings		Total		interests		equity
Balances as at March 31, 2022		317,024,123	$	2,224.7	$	38.6	$	(31.2)	$	1,777.6	$	4,009.7	$	76.9	$	4,086.6
Net income		—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	124.3	$	124.3	$	5.7	$	130.0
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		178.0		40.8		218.8		3.8		222.6





Total comprehensive income		—	$	—	$	—	$	178.0	$	165.1	$	343.1	$	9.5	$	352.6




Exercise of stock options		835,392		18.0		(2.5)		—		—		15.5		—		15.5


Equity-settled share-based payments expense		—		—		5.1		—		—		5.1		—		5.1


Transactions with non-controlling interests		—		—		—		—		—		—		(5.0)		(5.0)


Balances as at December 31, 2022		317,859,515	$	2,242.7	$	41.2	$	146.8	$	1,942.7	$	4,373.4	$	81.4	$	4,454.8

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.

32 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows


(Unaudited)
Nine months ended December 31
(amounts in millions of Canadian dollars)	Notes		2023		2022
Operating activities
Net income		$	188.0	$	130.0
Adjustments for:
Depreciation and amortization	3		278.6		252.8

Share of after-tax profit of equity accounted investees			(47.6)		(33.9)
Deferred income taxes			(39.8)		(0.3)
Investment tax credits			(9.2)		0.4
Equity-settled share-based payments expense			18.6		5.1
Defined benefit pension plans			4.5		6.2
Other non-current liabilities			(7.3)		(13.5)
Derivative financial assets and liabilities – net			(17.5)		20.0


Other			23.8		(2.4)
Changes in non-cash working capital	10		(40.4)		(136.6)
Net cash provided by operating activities		$	351.7	$	227.8
Investing activities
Business combinations, net of cash acquired		$	—	$	(6.4)



Property, plant and equipment expenditures	3		(238.1)		(205.9)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment			3.7		4.8
Advance payments for property, plant and equipment			—		(30.1)


Intangible assets expenditures	3		(105.8)		(89.9)
Net payments to equity accounted investees			(40.5)		(10.5)
Dividends received from equity accounted investees			30.3		20.3
Other			(7.2)		(5.0)
Net cash used in investing activities		$	(357.6)	$	(322.7)
Financing activities
Net (repayment of) proceeds from borrowing under revolving credit facilities		$	(407.8)	$	8.6


Proceeds from long-term debt	6		426.1		22.1
Repayment of long-term debt			(41.1)		(55.7)
Repayment of lease liabilities			(57.0)		(62.1)

Net proceeds from the issuance of common shares			7.6		15.5


Other			—		(1.8)
Net cash used in financing activities		$	(72.2)	$	(73.4)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences on cash and cash equivalents		$	(15.0)	$	13.8
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		$	(93.1)	$	(154.5)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period			217.6		346.1
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period		$	124.5	$	191.6

The Company has elected to present a consolidated statement of cash flows that includes both continuing and discontinued operations. Amounts related to discontinued operations by operating, investing and financing activities are disclosed in Note 2.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 33

Notes to the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(Unless otherwise stated, all tabular amounts are in millions of Canadian dollars)

The consolidated interim financial statements were authorized for issue by the board of directors on February 14, 2024.

NOTE 1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of operations

CAE equips people in critical roles with the expertise and solutions to create a safer world. As a technology company, CAE digitalizes the physical world, deploying software-based simulation training and critical operations support solutions.

CAE Inc. and its subsidiaries’ (CAE or the Company) operations are managed through two segments:

(i)Civil Aviation – Provides comprehensive training solutions for flight, cabin, maintenance and ground personnel in commercial, business and helicopter aviation, a complete range of flight simulation training devices, ab initio pilot training and crew sourcing services, as well as aircraft flight operations solutions;

(ii)Defense and Security – A platform independent training and simulation solutions provider, preparing global defence and security forces for the mission ahead.

On October 24, 2023, the Company announced that it has reached a definitive agreement to sell its Healthcare business and consequently presented the Healthcare segment as discontinued operations and the associated assets and liabilities as held for sale as at December 31, 2023. Closing of the transaction, which is subject to closing conditions, including customary regulatory approvals, is expected before the end of fiscal year 2024 (Note 2).

CAE Inc. is incorporated and domiciled in Canada with its registered and main office located at 8585 Côte-de-Liesse, Saint-Laurent, Québec, Canada, H4T 1G6. CAE common shares are traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).

Seasonality and cyclicality of the business

The Company’s business operating segments are affected in varying degrees by market cyclicality and/or seasonality. As such, operating performance over a given interim period should not necessarily be considered indicative of full fiscal year performance.

The Company’s business, revenues and cash flows are affected by certain seasonal trends. In the Civil Aviation segment, the level of training delivered is driven by the availability of pilots to train, which tends to be lower in the second quarter as pilots are flying more and training less, thus, driving lower revenues. In the Defense and Security segment, revenue and cash collection is not as consistent across quarters throughout the year as contract awards and availability of funding are influenced by customers’ budget cycles.

Basis of preparation

The key accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated interim financial statements are consistent with those disclosed in Note 1 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2023. These policies have been consistently applied to all periods presented. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s most recent annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2023.

In addition, the accounting policies described below related to discontinued operations and assets and liabilities held for sale are applicable to these consolidated interim financial statements but were not previously disclosed within the annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2023.

The consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Part I of the CPA Canada Handbook ‑ Accounting, IFRS Accounting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) applicable to the preparation of interim financial statements, IAS 34, Interim Financial Reporting.

CAE Inc.’s consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is also the parent company’s functional currency.

Discontinued operations and assets and liabilities held for sale

34 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Notes to the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Comparative figures

Comparative amounts in the consolidated income statement and consolidated statement of comprehensive income have been reclassified as a result of the Healthcare segment being presented as discontinued operations (Note 2).

In addition, certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the presentation adopted in the current year.

New and amended standards adopted by the Company

Amendments to IAS 12 - International Tax Reform — Pillar Two Model Rules

In May 2023, the IASB issued International Tax Reform—Pillar Two Model Rules, which amends IAS 12 - Income taxes to introduce a temporary exception to the requirements to recognize and disclose information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to Pillar Two income taxes. This amendment to IAS 12 was adopted by the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and the exception has been applied retrospectively but no adjustments to previously reported figures were required.

Certain other amendments to accounting standards were applied for the first time on April 1, 2023, but did not have a significant impact on the consolidated interim financial statements of the Company.

Use of judgements, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of the consolidated interim financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies, the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures at the date of the consolidated interim financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the period reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes will be reported in the period in which they are identified. In preparing these consolidated interim financial statements, the significant judgements made by management in applying the Company’s accounting policies and the key sources of estimation uncertainty were the same as those that applied to the consolidated financial statements of the year ended March 31, 2023.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 35

Notes to the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

NOTE 2 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

On October 24, 2023, the Company announced that it has reached a definitive agreement to sell its Healthcare business to Madison Industries for an enterprise value of $311 million, subject to customary adjustments. Closing of the transaction, which is subject to closing conditions, including customary regulatory approvals, is expected before the end of fiscal year 2024.

The net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) from discontinued operations are as follows:


			Three months ended								Nine months ended
			December 31						December 31
			2023				2022				2023				2022
Revenue			$	36.0			$	50.4			$	116.9			$	133.6
Expenses			34.3				46.6				110.5				133.9
Operating income (loss)			$	1.7			$	3.8			6.4				$	(0.3)
Transaction costs			2.2				—				2.2				—
Finance expense			1.1				1.1				3.0				3.1
(Loss) earnings before income taxes			$	(1.6)			$	2.7			$	1.2			$	(3.4)
Income tax expense (recovery)			0.3				0.6				0.4				(0.7)
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations	$	(1.9)			$	2.1			$	0.8			$	(2.7)


			Three months ended						Nine months ended
			December 31				December 31
			2023			2022			2023			2022
Foreign currency exchange differences on translation of foreign operations	$	(3.2)		$	(1.7)		$	(1.7)		$	5.8
Other comprehensive (loss) income from discontinued operations	$	(3.2)		$	(1.7)		$	(1.7)		$	5.8

No amount of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) from discontinued operations are attributable to non‑controlling interest.

As at December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of assets and liabilities presented as held for sale is as follows:


	December 31
		2023
Current assets		$	123.3
Property, plant and equipment		6.4
Right-of-use assets		9.6
Intangible assets, including goodwill of $118.0 million		162.1
Deferred tax assets		14.2
Other non-current assets		14.5
Assets of discontinued operations classified as held for sale		$	330.1
Current liabilities		42.3
Long-term debt (lease liabilities)		10.6
Royalty obligations		34.2
Deferred tax liabilities		1.3
Other non-current liabilities		17.1
Liabilities of discontinued operations classified as held for sale		$	105.5
Assets net of liabilities held for sale		$	224.6

The net cash flows from discontinued operations are as follows:


			Nine months ended
	December 31
			2023				2022
Operating activities	$	6.0			$	(20.8)
Investing activities			(12.3)				(8.6)
Financing activities			(1.1)				(1.0)
Net cash flows used in discontinued operations			$	(7.4)			$	(30.4)

36 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Notes to the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

NOTE 3 – OPERATING SEGMENTS AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company elected to organize its operating segments principally on the basis of its customer markets. The Company manages its operations through its two segments: Civil Aviation and Defense and Security. Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker.

The Company has decided to disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers by segment, by products and services and by geographic regions as the Company believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Results by segment

The profitability measure employed by the Company for making decisions about allocating resources to segments and assessing segment performance is adjusted segment operating income. Adjusted segment operating income is calculated by taking operating income and adjusting for restructuring, integration and acquisition costs, and impairments and other gains and losses arising from significant strategic transactions or specific events, which gives an indication of the profitability of each segment because it does not include the impact of items not specifically related to the segment’s performance.

The accounting principles used to prepare the information by operating segments are the same as those used to prepare the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The method used for the allocation of assets jointly used by operating segments and costs and liabilities jointly incurred (mostly corporate costs) between operating segments is based on the level of utilization when determinable and measurable, otherwise the allocation is based on a proportion of each segment’s cost of sales and revenue.


					Defense
	Civil Aviation				and Security				Total
Three months ended December 31	2023		2022		2023		2022			2023		2022
External revenue	$	622.1	$	517.4	$	472.4	$	452.5		$	1,094.5	$	969.9
Depreciation and amortization	70.7		63.5		23.6		21.7			94.3		85.2





Share of after-tax profit of equity accounted investees	13.9		13.1		2.8		1.3			16.7		14.4
Operating income	101.0		117.2		20.6		24.9			121.6		142.1
Adjusted segment operating income	124.2		131.4		20.9		25.4			145.1		156.8

					Defense
	Civil Aviation				and Security				Total
Nine months ended December 31	2023		2022		2023		2022			2023		2022
External revenue	$	1,735.0	$	1,505.0	$	1,421.5	$	1,308.2		$	3,156.5	$	2,813.2
Depreciation and amortization	202.1		179.4		70.4		63.6			272.5		243.0





Share of after-tax profit of equity accounted investees	38.8		30.6		8.8		3.3			47.6		33.9
Operating income	295.0		281.0		52.6		6.7			347.6		287.7
Adjusted segment operating income	357.5		322.4		66.5		22.6			424.0		345.0

Reconciliation of adjusted segment operating income is as follows:


					Defense
	Civil Aviation				and Security						Total
Three months ended December 31	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023			2022
Operating income	$	101.0	$	117.2	$	20.6	$	24.9	$	121.6		$	142.1
Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs (Note 5)	23.2		11.2		0.3		(6.3)		23.5			4.9
Impairments and other gains and losses arising from
significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets following
their repurposing and optimization (Note 5)	—		3.0		—		6.8		—			9.8
Adjusted segment operating income	$	124.2	$	131.4	$	20.9	$	25.4	$	145.1		$	156.8

					Defense
	Civil Aviation				and Security						Total
Nine months ended December 31	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023			2022
Operating income	$	295.0	$	281.0	$	52.6	$	6.7	$	347.6		$	287.7
Restructuring, integration and acquisition costs (Note 5)	62.5		38.4		13.9		9.1		76.4			47.5
Impairments and other gains and losses arising from
significant strategic transactions or specific events:
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets following
their repurposing and optimization (Note 5)	—		3.0		—		6.8		—			9.8
Adjusted segment operating income	$	357.5	$	322.4	$	66.5	$	22.6	$	424.0		$	345.0

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 37

Notes to the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Capital expenditures by segment, which consist of property, plant and equipment expenditures and intangible assets expenditures (excluding those acquired in business combinations), are as follows:


	Three months ended December 31				Nine months ended December 31
		2023		2022		2023		2022

Civil Aviation	$	87.7	$	80.5	$	244.2	$	254.9
Defense and Security		24.5		10.4		87.4		32.3
Discontinued operations (Note 2)		6.9		2.1		12.3		8.6
Total capital expenditures	$	119.1	$	93.0	$	343.9	$	295.8

Assets and liabilities employed by segment

The Company uses assets employed and liabilities employed to assess resources allocated to each segment. Assets employed include accounts receivable, contract assets, inventories, prepayments, property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets, intangible assets, investment in equity accounted investees, derivative financial assets and other non-current assets. Liabilities employed include accounts payable and accrued liabilities, provisions, contract liabilities, derivative financial liabilities and other non-current liabilities.

Assets and liabilities employed by segment are reconciled to total assets and liabilities as follows:


	December 31		March 31
		2023		2023
Assets employed
Civil Aviation	$	6,000.3	$	5,852.4
Defense and Security		3,434.4		3,436.2


Assets not included in assets employed by segment		1,036.9		1,147.9
Total assets	$	10,471.6	$	10,436.5
Liabilities employed
Civil Aviation	$	1,225.7	$	1,142.0
Defense and Security		807.4		871.2


Liabilities not included in liabilities employed by segment		3,710.2		3,834.4
Total liabilities	$	5,743.3	$	5,847.6

Products and services information

The Company's revenue from external customers for its products and services are as follows:


	Three months ended December 31					Nine months ended December 31
		2023		2022		2023		2022

Products	$	382.3	$	303.7	$	1,075.6	$	928.5
Training, software and services		712.2		666.2		2,080.9	$	1,884.7
Total external revenue	$	1,094.5	$	969.9	$	3,156.5	$	2,813.2

Geographic information

The Company markets its products and services globally. Revenues are attributed to geographical regions based on the location of customers. Non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred tax assets and employee benefits assets are attributed to geographical regions based on the location of the assets, excluding goodwill. Goodwill is presented by geographical regions based on the Company’s allocation of the related purchase price.

38 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Notes to the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements


	Three months ended December 31				Nine months ended December 31
		2023		2022		2023		2022

External revenue
Canada	$	110.5	$	85.6	$	321.2	$	257.3
United States		511.4		519.2		1,514.2		1,490.2
United Kingdom		66.5		66.7		191.9		180.9
Rest of Americas		26.0		21.2		72.4		62.3
Europe		173.6		134.4		493.2		385.1
Asia		164.8		118.8		445.8		367.4
Oceania and Africa		41.7		24.0		117.8		70.0
	$	1,094.5	$	969.9	$	3,156.5	$	2,813.2

		December 31				March 31
						2023		2023
Non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred tax assets and employee benefits assets
Canada					$	1,566.8	$	1,641.2
United States						3,961.5		4,049.8
United Kingdom						369.7		383.9
Rest of Americas						195.9		180.8
Europe						981.5		982.4
Asia						508.5		519.8
Oceania and Africa						127.1		112.5
					$	7,711.0	$	7,870.4

NOTE 4 – OTHER (GAINS) AND LOSSES


		Three months ended December 31				Nine months ended December 31
		2023		2022		2023		2022


Net gain on foreign currency exchange differences	$	(4.8)	$	(5.1)	$	(3.3)	$	(13.4)
Remeasurement of contingent consideration arising on business combinations		—		—		—		2.6

Settlement gain on annuity purchase transaction		—		—		(5.2)		—
Other		—		(1.8)		0.1		(2.3)
Other (gains) and losses	$	(4.8)	$	(6.9)	$	(8.4)	$	(13.1)

Settlement gain on annuity purchase transaction

In June 2023, the Company entered into an annuity purchase transaction in which the pension obligations associated with certain retired members of Canadian defined benefit pension plans were transferred to a third-party insurer, in exchange for a payment of $163.5 million from the pension plan assets. As a result of this transaction, the Company recognized a settlement gain of $5.4 million, of which $5.2 million has been presented in other gains and losses and $0.2 million in net income from discontinued operations, and a corresponding increase of the net employee benefits assets.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 39

Notes to the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

NOTE 5 – RESTRUCTURING, INTEGRATION AND ACQUISITION COSTS


		Three months ended December 31				Nine months ended December 31
		2023		2022		2023		2022

Integration and acquisition costs	$	23.0	$	15.0	$	64.9	$	51.0
Severances and other employee related costs		0.5		(0.3)		11.5		1.7
Impairment of non-financial assets – net		—		—		—		1.8
Other costs		—		—		—		2.8
Impairment reversal of non-financial assets following their
repurposing and optimization		—		(9.8)		—		(9.8)
Total restructuring, integration and acquisition costs	$	23.5	$	4.9	$	76.4	$	47.5

Impairment reversal of non-financial assets following their repurposing and optimization

For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, restructuring, integration and acquisition costs include gains on the reversal of impairment of an intangible asset of $6.8 million in the Defense and Security segment and property, plant and equipment of $3.0 million in the Civil Aviation segment, following their repurposing and optimization and new customer contracts and opportunities.

NOTE 6 – DEBT FACILITIES AND FINANCE EXPENSE – NET

Unsecured senior notes

In June 2023, the Company completed a private offering of $400.0 million of unsecured senior notes, bearing interest at 5.541% per annum, payable in equal semi-annual installments until maturity in June 2028. Concurrently, the Company entered into fixed to fixed cross currency principal and interest rate swap agreements to effectively convert the $400.0 million unsecured senior notes into U.S. dollars. The Company has designated the swap agreements as a hedge of its net investments in U.S. entities against foreign currency fluctuations.

Finance expense - net


		Three months ended December 31				Nine months ended December 31
		2023		2022		2023		2022

Finance expense:
Long-term debt (other than lease liabilities)	$	41.3	$	40.5	$	122.2	$	103.1
Lease liabilities		7.2		4.7		18.9		12.3
Royalty obligations		1.8		2.1		5.2		6.2
Employee benefits obligations		0.5		0.8		1.3		2.5
Other		7.8		5.3		22.9		15.2
Borrowing costs capitalized		(2.0)		(1.8)		(5.3)		(6.3)
Finance expense	$	56.6	$	51.6	$	165.2	$	133.0
Finance income:
Loans and investment in finance leases	$	(2.7)	$	(3.0)	$	(7.9)	$	(7.8)
Other		(1.5)		(0.9)		(4.7)		(2.0)
Finance income	$	(4.2)	$	(3.9)	$	(12.6)	$	(9.8)
Finance expense – net	$	52.4	$	47.7	$	152.6	$	123.2

NOTE 7 – INCOME TAXES

During the second quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company recorded an income tax recovery of $16.2 million as a result of the recognition of previously unrecognized deferred tax assets in relation to the statutory combination of certain foreign operations.

40 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Notes to the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

NOTE 8 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings per share computation

Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is determined using the treasury stock method to evaluate the dilutive effect of stock options and other equity‑settled share-based payments (Note 9).

The denominators for the basic and diluted earnings per share computations are as follows:


	Three months ended December 31		Nine months ended December 31
	2023	2022	2023	2022

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding	318,280,114	317,854,872	318,154,210	317,589,270
Effect of dilutive stock options and other equity-settled share-based payments	803,129	447,521	882,082	722,116

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
for diluted earnings per share calculation	319,083,243	318,302,393	319,036,292	318,311,386

For the three months ended December 31, 2023, stock options to acquire 2,068,885 common shares (2022 – 3,221,550) have been excluded from the above calculation since their inclusion would have had an anti-dilutive effect. For the nine months ended December 31, 2023, stock options to acquire 2,056,129 common shares (2022 – 2,167,025) have been excluded from the above calculation since their inclusion would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

NOTE 9 – SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS

In August 2023, the shareholders of the Company approved the Omnibus Incentive Plan, which allows equity awards to be granted to eligible participants in the form of stock options, restricted share units (RSUs) and performance share units (PSUs). The total number of shares reserved for issuance under the Omnibus Incentive Plan is 10,000,000.

The Omnibus Incentive Plan supplements the existing cash-settled RSU and PSU plans and stock option plan (collectively, the “Existing Plans”). Awards granted under the Existing Plans will remain outstanding and governed by the respective terms of such plans, but no new awards will be granted under any of the Existing Plans. All awards made under the Omnibus Incentive Plan are considered equity-settled arrangements.

Stock options

Stock options to purchase common shares of the Company are granted to certain employees, officers and executives of the Company. The stock option exercise price is equal to the common shares weighted average price on the TSX of the five days of trading prior to the grant date. Stock options vest over four years of continuous employment from the grant date. The stock options must be exercised within a seven-year period, but are not exercisable during the first year after the grant date.

Equity-settled restricted share unit (RSU)

RSUs are granted to certain employees, officers and executives of the Company. RSUs are settled in shares, either issued from treasury or purchased on the open market, in cash or in a combination thereof, at the discretion of the Company. Restriction criteria include continuing employment for a period of up to three years. RSUs are settled three years after the grant date.

Equity-settled performance share unit (PSU)

PSUs are granted to certain employees, officers and executives of the Company. PSUs are settled in shares, either issued from treasury or purchased on the open market, in cash or in a combination thereof, at the discretion of the Company. The target rate of granted units is multiplied by a factor which ranges from 0% to 200% based on the attainment of performance criteria set out pursuant to the plan, if restriction criteria are met. Restriction criteria include continuing employment for a period of up to three years. PSUs are settled three years after the grant date.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 41

Notes to the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

NOTE 10 – SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOWS INFORMATION

Changes in non-cash working capital are as follows:


Nine months ended December 31		2023		2022
Cash (used in) provided by non-cash working capital:
Accounts receivable	$	21.2	$	(9.7)
Contract assets		38.6		(5.0)
Inventories		(92.5)		(84.0)
Prepayments		(15.0)		(18.4)
Income taxes		(12.3)		(23.3)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(2.3)		(94.2)
Provisions		(6.7)		(11.9)

Contract liabilities		28.6		109.9
	$	(40.4)	$	(136.6)

Supplemental information:


Nine months ended December 31		2023		2022
Interest paid	$	139.5	$	120.2
Interest received		12.4		9.7
Income taxes paid		59.1		26.0

NOTE 11 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The fair value of a financial instrument is determined by reference to the available market information at the reporting date. When no active market exists for a financial instrument, the Company determines the fair value of that instrument based on valuation methodologies as discussed below. In determining assumptions required under a valuation model, the Company primarily uses external, readily observable market data inputs. Assumptions or inputs that are not based on observable market data incorporate the Company’s best estimates of market participant assumptions. Counterparty credit risk and the Company’s own credit risk are taken into account in estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities.

The following assumptions and valuation methodologies have been used to measure the fair value of financial instruments:

(i)The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their carrying values due to their short-term maturities;

(ii)The fair value of derivative instruments, which include forward contracts, swap agreements and embedded derivatives accounted for separately and is calculated as the present value of the estimated future cash flows using an appropriate interest rate yield curve and forward foreign exchange rate. Assumptions are based on market conditions prevailing at each reporting date. The fair value of derivative instruments reflect the estimated amounts that the Company would receive or pay to settle the contracts at the reporting date;

(iii)The fair value of the equity investments, which does not have a readily available market value, is estimated using a discounted cash flow model, which includes some assumptions that are not based on observable market prices or rates;

(iv)The fair value of non-current receivables is estimated based on discounted cash flows using current interest rates for instruments with similar risks and remaining maturities;

(v)The fair value of long-term debts, royalty obligations and other non-current liabilities are estimated based on discounted cash flows using current interest rates for instruments with similar risks and remaining maturities;

(vi)The fair value of the contingent considerations arising on business combinations are based on the estimated amount and timing of projected cash flows, the probability of the achievement of the criteria on which the contingency is based and the risk-adjusted discount rate used to present value the probability-weighted cash flows.

Fair value hierarchy

The fair value hierarchy reflects the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements and has the following levels:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices in markets that are not active) or indirectly (i.e. quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities);

Level 3: Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

Each type of fair value is categorized based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

42 I CAE Third Quarter Report 2024

Notes to the Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

The carrying values and fair values of financial instruments, by category, are as follows:


			December 31						March 31
					2023				2023
	Level	Carrying value			Fair value	Carrying value			Fair value
Financial assets (liabilities) measured at FVTPL
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	124.5	$	124.5	$	217.6	$	217.6


Equity swap agreements	Level 2		(14.2)		(14.2)		(11.8)		(11.8)
Forward foreign currency contracts	Level 2		4.1		4.1		(5.3)		(5.3)

Derivative assets (liabilities) designated in a hedge relationship

Foreign currency and interest rate swap agreements	Level 2		15.6		15.6		10.5		10.5
Forward foreign currency contracts	Level 2		4.1		4.1		(20.5)		(20.5)

Financial assets (liabilities) measured at amortized cost
Accounts receivable(1)	Level 2		517.7		517.7		555.3		555.3
Investment in finance leases	Level 2		124.3		119.9		125.7		126.1
Advances to a portfolio investment	Level 2		10.8		10.8		10.7		10.7
Other assets(2)	Level 2		24.7		24.7		21.4		21.4
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(3)	Level 2		(788.4)		(788.4)		(799.3)		(799.3)

Total long-term debt(4)	Level 2		(2,753.0)		(2,760.5)		(2,800.3)		(2,788.2)
Other non-current liabilities(5)	Level 2		(89.6)		(80.3)		(137.6)		(125.1)
Financial assets measured at FVOCI
Equity investments	Level 3		1.4		1.4		1.4		1.4
		$	(2,818.0)	$	(2,820.6)	$	(2,832.2)	$	(2,807.2)

(1) Includes trade receivables, accrued receivables and certain other receivables.

(2) Includes non-current receivables and certain other non-current assets.

(3) Includes trade accounts payable, accrued liabilities, interest payable and current royalty obligations.

(4) Excludes lease liabilities. The carrying value of long-term debt excludes transaction costs.

(5) Includes non-current royalty obligations and other non-current liabilities.

Financial assets and financial liabilities classified as held for sale as at December 31, 2023 are not included in the table above (Note 2). The fair value of the financial assets and financial liabilities classified as held for sale as at December 31, 2023 approximate their carrying values.

During the nine months ended December 31, 2023, there were no significant changes in level 3 financial instruments.

CAE Third Quarter Report 2024 I 43

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