PART I
Item
1.
|
Identity
of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
|
A.
|
Directors
and senior management
|
Not
applicable.
Not
applicable.
Not
applicable.
Item
2.
|
Offer
Statistics and Expected Timetable
|
Not
applicable.
B.
|
Method
and expected timetable
|
Not
applicable.
A.
|
Selected
financial data
|
The
consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss) income information set forth in this Item 3.A. with respect to the years ended
December 31, 2019,
2018 and 2017 and the consolidated statement of financial position information as at December
31, 2019 and 2018 have been derived from the audited
consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 18, which have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The consolidated statement
of comprehensive income (loss) information with respect to the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the consolidated statement
of financial position information as at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 set forth in this Item 3.A. have been derived from our
previous consolidated financial statements not included herein, and have also been prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued
by the IASB. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and
the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F, as well as “Item 5. –
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”
of this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
The
Company has not declared or paid any dividends per share during the periods covered by the selected financial data.
Consolidated
Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income Information
(in
thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
Derived
from consolidated audited financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
License fees
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
24,325
|
|
|
|
458
|
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
|
248
|
|
Product sales
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
2,167
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Royalty income
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Sales commission
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
110
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Supply chain
|
|
|
284
|
|
|
|
95
|
|
|
|
465
|
|
|
|
414
|
|
|
|
297
|
|
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
|
26,881
|
|
|
|
923
|
|
|
|
911
|
|
|
|
545
|
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
410
|
|
|
|
2,104
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Research and development costs
|
|
|
1,837
|
|
|
|
2,932
|
|
|
|
10,704
|
|
|
|
16,495
|
|
|
|
17,234
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
6,615
|
|
|
|
8,894
|
|
|
|
8,198
|
|
|
|
7,147
|
|
|
|
11,308
|
|
Selling expenses
|
|
|
1,214
|
|
|
|
3,109
|
|
|
|
5,095
|
|
|
|
6,745
|
|
|
|
6,887
|
|
Restructuring costs
|
|
|
507
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Impairment of right of use asset
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Write-off of other current assets
|
|
|
169
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
10,774
|
|
|
|
17,039
|
|
|
|
23,997
|
|
|
|
30,387
|
|
|
|
35,429
|
|
(Loss) income from operations
|
|
|
(10,242
|
)
|
|
|
9,842
|
|
|
|
(23,074
|
)
|
|
|
(29,476
|
)
|
|
|
(34,884
|
)
|
Settlements
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,400
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Gain (loss) due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates
|
|
|
87
|
|
|
|
656
|
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
|
(70
|
)
|
|
|
(1,767
|
)
|
Change in fair value of warrant liability
|
|
|
4,518
|
|
|
|
263
|
|
|
|
2,222
|
|
|
|
4,437
|
|
|
|
(10,956
|
|
Warrant exercise inducement fee
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(2,926
|
)
|
Other finance (costs) income
|
|
|
(593
|
)
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
|
75
|
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
305
|
|
Net finance income (costs)
|
|
|
4,012
|
|
|
|
1,197
|
|
|
|
2,799
|
|
|
|
4,517
|
|
|
|
(15,344
|
)
|
(Loss) income before income taxes
|
|
|
(6,230
|
)
|
|
|
9,639
|
|
|
|
(20,275
|
)
|
|
|
(24,959
|
)
|
|
|
(50,228
|
)
|
Income tax recovery (expense)
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
|
(5,452
|
)
|
|
|
3,479
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Net (loss) income from operations
|
|
|
(6,042
|
)
|
|
|
4,187
|
|
|
|
(16,796
|
)
|
|
|
(24,959
|
)
|
|
|
(50,228
|
)
|
Net income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
85
|
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
|
(6,042
|
)
|
|
|
4,187
|
|
|
|
(16,796
|
)
|
|
|
(24,959
|
)
|
|
|
(50,143
|
)
|
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments
|
|
|
83
|
|
|
|
(260
|
)
|
|
|
(1,430
|
)
|
|
|
569
|
|
|
|
1,509
|
|
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actuarial gain (loss) on defined benefit plans
|
|
|
(1,068
|
)
|
|
|
193
|
|
|
|
694
|
|
|
|
(1,479
|
)
|
|
|
844
|
|
Comprehensive (loss) income
|
|
|
(7,027
|
)
|
|
|
4,120
|
|
|
|
(17,532
|
)
|
|
|
(25,869
|
)
|
|
|
(47,790
|
)
|
Basic net (loss) income per share from continuing operations(1)
|
|
|
(0.35
|
)
|
|
|
0.25
|
|
|
|
(1.12
|
)
|
|
|
(2.41
|
)
|
|
|
(18.17
|
)
|
Diluted net (loss) income per share from continuing operations(1)
|
|
|
(0.35
|
)
|
|
|
0.24
|
|
|
|
(1.12
|
)
|
|
|
(2.41
|
)
|
|
|
(18.17
|
)
|
Net income per share (basic and diluted) from discontinued operations1
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
Net (loss) income per share (basic)1
|
|
|
(0.35
|
)
|
|
|
0.25
|
|
|
|
(1.12
|
)
|
|
|
(2.41
|
)
|
|
|
(18.14
|
)
|
Net (loss) income per share (diluted)1
|
|
|
(0.35
|
)
|
|
|
0.24
|
|
|
|
(1.12
|
)
|
|
|
(2.41
|
)
|
|
|
(18.14
|
)
|
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
17,494,472
|
|
|
|
16,440,760
|
|
|
|
14,958,704
|
|
|
|
10,348,879
|
|
|
|
2,763,603
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
17,494,472
|
|
|
|
17,034,812
|
|
|
|
14,958,704
|
|
|
|
10,348,879
|
|
|
|
2,763,603
|
|
1
|
Adjusted
to reflect the November 17, 2015 100-to-1 Share Consolidation
|
Consolidated
Statement of Financial Position Information
(in
thousands of U.S. dollars)
Derived
from consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB
|
|
As at December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
7,838
|
|
|
|
14,512
|
|
|
|
7,780
|
|
|
|
21,999
|
|
|
|
41,450
|
|
Restricted cash equivalents
|
|
|
364
|
|
|
|
418
|
|
|
|
381
|
|
|
|
496
|
|
|
|
255
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
19,981
|
|
|
|
25,011
|
|
|
|
22,195
|
|
|
|
31,659
|
|
|
|
51,498
|
|
Warrant liability (current and non-current portion)
|
|
|
2,255
|
|
|
|
3,634
|
|
|
|
3,897
|
|
|
|
6,854
|
|
|
|
10,891
|
|
Share capital
|
|
|
224,528
|
|
|
|
222,335
|
|
|
|
222,335
|
|
|
|
213,980
|
|
|
|
204,596
|
|
Shareholders’ (deficiency) equity
|
|
|
(2,463
|
)
|
|
|
1,907
|
|
|
|
(2,783
|
)
|
|
|
6,212
|
|
|
|
21,615
|
|
B.
|
Capitalization
and indebtedness
|
Not
applicable.
C.
|
Reasons
for the offer and use of proceeds
|
Not
applicable.
An
investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together
with all of the other information included in this Annual Report, before making an investment decision. If any of the following
risks actually occurs, our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations could be materially, adversely affected
by any of these risks. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business
operations. The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your
investment. This Annual Report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results
could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the
risks mentioned below. Forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report are based on information available to us on the
date hereof, and all forward-looking statements in the documents incorporated by reference are based on information available
to us as of the date of each such document. We disavow and are under no obligation to update or alter such forward-looking statements
whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, other than as required by applicable securities legislation.
Risks
Relating to Us and Our Business
We
may not be able to continue as a going concern if we do not obtain cash from AEZS Germany to fund our North American operations,
and we do not obtain additional financing.
We
have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, substantial expenses in our efforts to develop Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
Consequently, we have incurred operating losses and negative cash flow from operations historically and in each of the last several
years except for the year ended December 31, 2018, when we earned revenue from the sale of a license for the adult indication
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the U.S. and Canada.
The
ability to realize our assets and meet our obligations as they come due is dependent on earning sufficient revenues under the
license and assignment agreement with a subsidiary of Novo (the “License Agreement”), monetizing commercial opportunities
for Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the rest of the world (“ROW”), realizing
other monetizing transactions and raising additional sources of funding, the outcome of which cannot be predicted at this time.
The revenue provided under the License Agreement was $45,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Furthermore, the Company had cash of $7,838,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. In September 2019, the Company closed
an equity financing which provided approximately $4,193,000 in net cash proceeds (“September 2019 Financing”). Subsequent
to 2019, in February 2020, the Company closed an equity financing which provided approximately $3,900,000 in net cash proceeds
(“February 2020 Financing”).
Aeterna
Zentaris is a holding company and a substantial portion of our non-cash assets is the share capital of our subsidiaries.
Our principal operating subsidiary, AEZS Germany, holds most of our intellectual property rights and is also the counter-party
for revenue earned under the License Agreement. In the event that Aeterna Zentaris is unable to obtain additional funding
from third party sources, it will require cash from AEZS Germany to fund its North American operations. If and when current and
medium term liabilities of AEZS Germany exceed the values ascribed to AEZS Germany’s assets, it may no longer be possible
under applicable German solvency laws for AEZS Germany’s operations to continue. The Company has some discretion to manage
research and development costs, administrative expenses and capital expenditures in order to maintain its cash liquidity; however,
the Company will need to conclude agreement(s) for licensing or selling the European or worldwide rights to Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
and, if necessary, obtain further financing in order to continue its currently planned operations. Management has assessed the
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and concluded that additional capital will be required. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to execute license or purchase agreements or to obtain equity or debt financing, or on
terms acceptable to it. Factors within and outside the Company’s control could have a significant bearing on its ability
to obtain additional financing. As a result, management has determined that there are material uncertainties that may cast significant
doubt upon the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. For
additional discussion of risks related to licensing and selling of Macrilen™ (macimorelin), see risk factor titled “If
we are unable to successfully commercialize or out-license Macrilen™ (macimorelin), or if we experience significant delays
in doing so, our business would be materially harmed, and the future and viability of the Company could be imperiled” below.
In
the event we use up the proceeds from recent third party financings and are not able to transfer cash from AEZS Germany to fund
our North American operations and/or secure additional funding, we may be forced to curtail operations, cease operations altogether
or file for bankruptcy.
The
economic effects of a pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease could adversely affect our operations or the market
price of our Common Shares.
Public
health crises such as pandemics, epidemics or similar outbreaks could adversely impact our operations or the market price of our
Common Shares. In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was
reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China and has reached multiple other countries, resulting in government-imposed quarantines,
travel restrictions, school closures and other significant restrictions on business operations imposed by governmental authorities
in North America, Europe and worldwide. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the COVID-19
a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern.” On January 31, 2020, U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary
Alex M. Azar II declared a public health emergency for the U.S. to aid the U.S. healthcare community in responding to COVID-19,
and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak as a “pandemic”. The extent to which
the COVID-19 impacts our operations or market price of our Common Shares will depend on
future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, either
internationally or within the U.S., Canada or Germany, including the duration of the outbreak, new information that may
emerge concerning the severity of the COVID-19 and the actions to contain the virus or
treat its impact, among others. COVID-19, however, has already resulted in significant volatility
in the world and the national trading markets.
The
spread of COVID-19 may impact our operations, including the potential interruption of our clinical trial activities and our supply
chain. For example, the COVID-19 outbreak may delay enrollment in our pediatric clinical trial due to prioritization of hospital
resources toward the outbreak, and some patients may be unwilling to enroll in our trials or be unable to comply with clinical
trial protocols if quarantines impede patient movement or interrupt healthcare services, which would delay our ability to conduct
clinical trials or release clinical trial results and could delay our ability to obtain regulatory approval and commercialize
our product candidates. The spread of an infectious disease, including COVID-19, may also result in the inability of our suppliers
to deliver components or raw materials on a timely basis or at all. In addition, hospitals may reduce staffing and reduce or postpone
certain treatments in response to the spread of an infectious disease. Such events may result in a period of business disruption
and, in reduced operations, doctors or medical providers may be unwilling to participate in our clinical trials, any of which
could materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. The significant spread of COVID-19 within
the U.S., Canada or Germany resulted in a widespread health crisis and has had adverse effect on the national economies generally,
the markets that we serve, our operations and the market price of our Common Shares.
Investments
in biopharmaceutical companies are generally considered to be speculative in nature.
The
prospects for companies operating in the biopharmaceutical industry are uncertain, given the very nature of the industry, and,
accordingly, investments in biopharmaceutical companies should be considered to be speculative assets.
If
we are unable to successfully commercialize or out-license Macrilen™ (macimorelin), or if we experience significant delays
in doing so, our business would be materially harmed, and the future and viability of the Company could be imperiled.
Our
principal focus is on the licensing and development of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) and we currently do not have any other product.
We are a party to the License Agreement to carry out development, manufacturing, registration and commercialization of Macrilen™
(macimorelin) in the U.S. and Canada. We continue to explore licensing opportunities worldwide.
The
commercial success of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) depends on several factors, including, but not limited to, the following:
●
|
receipt
of approvals from foreign regulatory authorities;
|
|
|
●
|
successfully
negotiating pricing and reimbursement in key markets in the E.U. for macimorelin;
|
|
|
●
|
successfully
contracting with qualified third-party suppliers to manufacture macimorelin;
|
|
|
●
|
developing
appropriate distribution and marketing infrastructure and arrangements for our product;
|
|
|
●
|
launching
and growing commercial sales of the product;
|
|
|
●
|
out-licensing
macimorelin to third parties; and
|
|
|
●
|
acceptance
of the product in the medical community, among patients and with third-party payers.
|
If
we are unable to successfully achieve any of these factors, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be
materially, adversely affected.
Our
revenues and expenses may fluctuate significantly, and any failure to meet financial expectations may disappoint securities analysts
or investors and result in a decline in the price or the value of our Common Shares or other securities.
We
have a history of operating losses. Our revenues and expenses have fluctuated in the past and may continue to do so in the future.
These fluctuations could cause our share price of Common Shares or the value of our other securities to decline. Some of the factors
that could cause our revenues and expenses to fluctuate include, but are not limited to, the following:
●
|
the
timing and willingness of any current or future collaborators to invest the resources necessary to commercialize Macrilen™
(macimorelin);
|
|
|
●
|
not
obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), the European Medicines
Agency (“EMA”), the European Commission (“EC”) or other agencies that may delay or prevent us from obtaining
approval of a pediatric indication for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), which may affect the share price of our Common Shares;
|
|
|
●
|
the
timing of regulatory submissions and approvals;
|
|
|
●
|
the
nature and timing of licensing fee revenues;
|
|
|
●
|
the
outcome of future litigation;
|
|
|
●
|
foreign
currency fluctuations;
|
|
|
●
|
the
effects of the recent outbreak of COVID-19, including the effects of intensified efforts to contain the spread of the virus,
which has, to date, included, among other things, quarantines and travel restrictions.
|
|
|
●
|
the
timing of the achievement and the receipt of milestone payments from current or future licensing partners; and
|
|
|
●
|
failure
to enter into new or the expiration or termination of current agreements with suppliers who manufacture Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
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Due
to fluctuations in our revenues and expenses, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations are not
necessarily indicative of our future performance. It is possible that in some future periods, our revenues and expenses will be
above or below the expectations of securities analysts or investors. In this case, the share price of our Common Shares and the
value of our other securities could fluctuate significantly or decline.
If
we are unable to successfully complete the pediatric clinical trial program for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), or if such clinical
trial takes longer to complete than we project, our ability to execute any related business strategy will be adversely affected.
If
we experience delays in identifying and contracting with sites and/or in-patient enrollment in our pediatric clinical trial program
for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), we may incur additional costs and delays in our development programs, and may not be able to
complete our clinical trials on a cost-effective or timely basis. In addition, conducting multi-national studies adds another
level of complexity and risk as we are subject to events affecting countries other than the U.S. and Canada. Moreover, negative
or inconclusive results from the clinical trials we conduct or adverse medical events could cause us to have to repeat or terminate
the clinical trials. Furthermore, children have different metabolic issues than adults. Accordingly, we may not be able to complete
the pediatric clinical trial within an acceptable time-frame, if at all. If we or our contract research organization (a “CRO”)
have difficulty enrolling a sufficient number of patients to conduct our clinical trials as planned, we may need to delay or terminate
ongoing clinical trials.
Clinical
trials are subject to continuing oversight by governmental regulatory authorities and institutional review boards and must,
among other requirements:
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meet
the requirements of these authorities from multiple countries and jurisdictions and their related statutes, regulations and
guidance;
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meet
the requirements for informed consent;
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meet
the requirements for institutional review boards; and
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meet
the requirements for good clinical practices.
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We
are currently dependent on certain strategic relationships with third parties for the development, manufacturing and licensing
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) and we may enter into future collaborations for the development, manufacturing and licensing
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
Our
arrangements with third parties may not provide us with the benefits we expect and may expose us to a number of risks.
Currently,
we are dependent on Novo to commercialize Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the U.S. and Canada. Most of our potential revenue
consists of contingent payments, including milestones and royalties on the sale of Macrilen™ (macimorelin). The milestone
and royalty revenue that we may receive under this collaboration will depend upon Novo’s ability to successfully introduce,
market and sell Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the U.S. If Novo does not devote sufficient time and resources to its collaboration
arrangement with us, we may not realize the potential commercial benefits of the arrangement, and our results of operations may
be materially, adversely affected.
Our
reliance on relationships with Novo and other potential third parties poses a number of risks. We may not realize the contemplated
benefits of such agreements nor can we be certain that any of these parties will fulfill their obligations in a manner which maximizes
our revenue. These arrangements may also require us to transfer certain material rights to third parties. These agreements create
certain additional risks. The occurrence of any of the following or other events may delay or impair commercialization of Macrilen™
(macimorelin):
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in
certain circumstances, third parties may assign their rights and obligations under these agreements to other third parties
without our consent or approval;
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the
third parties may cease to conduct business for financial or other reasons;
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we
may not be able to renew such agreements;
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the
third parties may not properly maintain or defend certain intellectual property rights that may be important to the commercialization
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin);
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the
third parties may encounter conflicts of interest, changes in business strategy or other issues which could adversely affect
their willingness or ability to fulfill their obligations to us (for example, pharmaceutical companies historically have re-evaluated
their priorities following mergers and consolidations, which have been common in this industry);
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delays
in, or failures to achieve, scale-up to commercial quantities, or changes to current raw material suppliers or product manufacturers
(whether the change is attributable to us or the supplier or manufacturer) could delay clinical studies, regulatory submissions
and commercialization of Macrilen™ (macimorelin); and
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disputes
may arise between us and the third parties that could result in the delay or termination of the manufacturing or commercialization
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin), resulting in litigation or arbitration that could be time-consuming and expensive, or causing
the third parties to act in their own self-interest and not in our interest or those of our shareholders.
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In
addition, the third parties can terminate our agreements with them for a number of reasons based on the terms of the individual
agreements that we have entered into with them. If one or more of these agreements were to be terminated, we would be required
to devote additional resources to manufacturing and commercializing Macrilen™ (macimorelin), which would likely cause a
drop in share price of our Common Shares.
We
may be unsuccessful in consummating further out-licensing arrangements for MacrilenTM (macimorelin) on favorable terms
and conditions, or we may be significantly delayed in doing so.
As
part of our product development and commercialization strategy, we are evaluating out-licensing opportunities for macimorelin
in addition to the License Agreement. If we elect to collaborate with third parties in respect of macimorelin, we may not be able
to negotiate a collaborative arrangement for macimorelin on favorable terms and conditions, if at all. Should any partner fail
to successfully commercialize macimorelin, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
We
may require significant additional financing, and we may not have access to sufficient capital.
We
may require significant additional capital to fund our commercialization efforts and may require additional capital to pursue
planned clinical trials and regulatory approvals. Although we have capital from the License Agreement, we do not anticipate generating
significant revenues from operations in the near future other than from the License Agreement. Moreover, we currently have no
committed sources of capital. Please see the Risk Factor entitled “We may not be able to continue as a going concern
if we do not obtain cash from AEZS Germany to fund our North American operations and we do not obtain additional financing.”
We
may attempt to raise additional funds through public or private financings, collaborations with other pharmaceutical companies
or from other sources, including, without limitation, through at-the-market offerings and issuances of securities. Additional
funding may not be available on terms that are acceptable to us. If adequate funding is not available to us on reasonable terms,
we may need to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development programs or obtain funds on terms less favorable than we would
otherwise accept. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity securities or securities convertible
into or exchangeable or exercisable for equity securities, the issuance of those securities would result in dilution to our shareholders.
Moreover, the incurrence of debt financing or the issuance of dividend-paying preferred shares, could result in a substantial
portion of our future operating cash flow, if any, being dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on such indebtedness
or the payment of dividends on such preferred shares and could impose restrictions on our operations and on our ability to make
certain expenditures and/or to incur additional indebtedness, which could render us more vulnerable to competitive pressures and
economic downturns.
Our
future capital requirements are substantial and may increase beyond our current expectations depending on many factors, including,
but not limited to, the following:
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the
duration of changes to and results of our clinical trials for any future products going forward;
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unexpected
delays or developments in seeking regulatory approvals;
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the
time and cost involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining and enforcing patent claims;
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unexpected
developments encountered in implementing our business development and commercialization strategies;
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the
potential addition of commercialized products to our portfolio;
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the
outcome of future litigation; and
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further
arrangements, if any, with collaborators.
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In
addition, global economic and market conditions, as well as future developments in the credit and capital markets, may make it
even more difficult for us to raise additional financing in the future.
We
are and will be subject to stringent ongoing government regulation for our products and our product candidates, even if we obtain
regulatory approvals for the latter.
The
manufacturing, marketing and sale of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) are and will be subject to strict and ongoing regulation, even
with marketing approval by the FDA and the EC for Macrilen™ (macimorelin). Compliance with such regulation will be expensive
and consume substantial financial and management resources. For example, the EC approval for macimorelin was conditioned on our
agreement to conduct post-marketing follow-up studies to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. In addition, as clinical
experience with a drug expands after approval because the drug is used by a greater number and more diverse group of patients
than during clinical trials, side effects or other problems may be observed after approval that were not observed or anticipated
during pre-approval clinical trials. In such a case, a regulatory authority could restrict the indications for which the product
may be sold or revoke the product’s regulatory approval.
We
and our contract manufacturers will be required to comply with applicable Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) regulations
for the manufacture of our current or future products and other regulations. These regulations include requirements relating to
quality assurance, as well as the corresponding maintenance of rigorous records and documentation. Manufacturing facilities must
be approved before we can use them in the commercial manufacturing of a product and are subject to subsequent periodic inspection
by regulatory authorities. In addition, material changes in the methods of manufacturing or changes in the suppliers of raw materials
are subject to further regulatory review and approval.
If
we, or if any future marketing collaborators or contract manufacturers, fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements,
we may be subject to sanctions including fines, product recalls or seizures and related publicity requirements, injunctions, total
or partial suspension of production, civil penalties, suspension or withdrawals of previously granted regulatory approvals, warning
or untitled letters, refusal to approve pending applications for marketing approval of new products or of supplements to approved
applications, complete withdrawal of a marketing application, exclusion from government healthcare programs, import or export
bans or restrictions, and/or criminal prosecution and penalties. Any of these penalties could delay or prevent the promotion,
marketing or sale of a product.
Even
with marketing approval for MacrilenTM (macimorelin), such product approval could be subject to restrictions or withdrawals.
Regulatory requirements are subject to change.
On
December 20, 2017, the FDA granted marketing approval in the U.S. for Macrilen™ (macimorelin) to be used in the diagnosis
of patients with adult growth hormone deficiency (“AGHD”), and on January 16, 2019, the EC granted marketing approval
in Europe for macimorelin for the diagnosis of AGHD. Regulatory authorities generally approve products for specified indications.
If an approval is for a limited indication, this limitation reduces the size of the potential market for that product. Product
approvals, once granted, are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by regulatory authorities. Our operations and
practices are subject to regulation and scrutiny by the U.S. government, as well as governments of any other countries in
which we do business or conduct activities. Later discovery of previously unknown problems or safety issues and/or failure to
comply with domestic or foreign laws, knowingly or unknowingly, can result in various adverse consequences, including, among other
things, a possible delay in the approval or refusal to approve a product, warning or untitled letters, fines, injunctions, civil
penalties, recalls or seizures of products and related publicity requirements, total or partial suspension of production, import
or export bans or restrictions, refusal of the government to renew marketing applications, complete withdrawal of a marketing
application, criminal prosecution and penalties, suspension or withdrawals of previously granted regulatory approvals, withdrawal
of an approved product from the market and/or exclusion from government healthcare programs. Such regulatory enforcement could
have a direct and negative impact on the product for which approval is granted, but also could have a negative impact on the approval
of any pending applications for marketing approval of new drugs or supplements to approved applications.
Because
we operate in a highly regulated industry, regulatory authorities could take enforcement action against us in connection with
our licensees’ or collaborators’ businesses or marketing activities for various reasons.
From
time to time, new legislation is passed into law that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the approval,
manufacturing and marketing of products regulated by the FDA, the EC and other health authorities. In addition, regulations and
guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by health agencies in ways that may significantly affect our business. It is impossible
to predict whether further legislative changes will be enacted, or whether regulations, guidance, or interpretations will change,
and what the impact of such changes, if any, may be.
Healthcare
reform measures could hinder or prevent the commercial success of a product and adversely affect our business.
The
business prospects and financial condition of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are affected by the efforts of governmental
and third-party payers to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare. The U.S. government and other governments have shown significant
interest in pursuing healthcare reform and reducing healthcare costs. Any government-adopted reform measures could cause significant
pressure on the pricing of healthcare products and services, including Macrilen™ (macimorelin), both in the U.S. and internationally,
as well as the amount of reimbursement available from governmental agencies and other third-party payers. If reimbursement for
Macrilen™ (macimorelin) is substantially less than we expect, our revenue prospects could be materially and adversely impacted.
In
the U.S. and in other jurisdictions there have been, and we expect that there will continue to be, a number of legislative and
regulatory proposals aimed at changing the healthcare system, such as proposals relating to the pricing of healthcare products
and services in the U.S. or internationally, the reimportation of drugs into the U.S. from other countries (where they are then
sold at a lower price), and the amount of reimbursement available from governmental agencies or other third-party payers. Furthermore,
the pricing of pharmaceutical products, in general, and specialty drugs, in particular, has been a topic of concern in the U.S.
Congress, where hearings on the topic have been held, and has been a topic of speeches given by political figures, including President
Donald Trump. Additionally, in the U.S., individual states have also passed legislation and proposed bills that are aimed at drug
pricing transparency, which will likely impact drug pricing. There can be no assurance as to how this scrutiny on pricing of pharmaceutical
products will impact future pricing of Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
The
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Healthcare and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively,
the “ACA”) has had far-reaching consequences for most healthcare companies, including specialty biopharmaceutical companies
like us. The future of the ACA is, however, uncertain. Since January 2017, the U.S. Congress has proposed various bills to revise
the ACA. In addition, President Donald Trump has suggested similar action and enacted Executive Orders to curtail the ACA and
its impact on healthcare in the U.S. In addition, on December 18, 2019, the 5th Circuit of the U.S. ruled that the
individual mandate in the ACA is unconstitutional, and sent the case back to the applicable District Court to determine whether
the entire law is invalid or if some parts of the ACA can survive. We cannot predict the ultimate content, timing or effect of
any healthcare reform legislation, or potential legislation, regulation, judicial review and orders, or their impact on us.
In
addition, the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 gives the FDA enhanced post-market authority, including
the authority to require post-marketing studies and clinical trials, labeling changes based on new safety information, and compliance
with risk evaluations and mitigation strategies approved by the FDA. The FDA’s exercise of this authority may result in delays
or increased costs during the period of product development, clinical trials and regulatory review and approval, which may also
increase costs related to complying with new post-approval regulatory requirements, and increase potential FDA restrictions on
the sale or distribution of approved products.
If
we or our licensees market products or interact with health care practitioners in a manner that violates healthcare fraud or abuse
laws, we or our licensees may be subject to civil or criminal penalties, including exclusion from participation in government
healthcare programs.
As
a pharmaceutical company, even though we do not provide healthcare services or receive payments directly from or bill directly
to Medicare, Medicaid or other national or third-party payers for our current product, U.S. federal and state healthcare laws
and regulations, as well as certain E.U. regulatory and government agencies, pertaining to fraud or abuse are and will be applicable
to our business. We and our licensees are subject to healthcare fraud and abuse regulation by E.U. regulatory and government agencies
in the countries where we may seek marketing access, and the U.S. federal government and the states in which we conduct our business.
The
laws that may affect our or that of our licensee’s ability to operate include the federal healthcare program anti-kickback statute,
which prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting, or receiving remuneration to induce,
or in return for, the purchase, lease or order, or arrangement for the purchase, lease or order of any healthcare item or service
reimbursable under Medicare, Medicaid or other federally financed healthcare programs. This statute applies to arrangements between
pharmaceutical manufacturers and prescribers, purchasers and formulary managers. Although there are a number of statutory exceptions
and regulatory safe harbors protecting certain common activities, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly, and practices
that involve remuneration intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not
qualify for an exception or a safe harbor.
Federal
false claims laws prohibit any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment to the
federal government, or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement to get a false claim paid. Pharmaceutical companies
have been prosecuted under these laws for a variety of alleged promotional and marketing activities, such as providing free product
to customers with the expectation that the customers would bill federal programs for the product, reporting to pricing services
inflated average wholesale prices that were then used by federal programs to set reimbursement rates, engaging in off-label promotion
that caused claims to be submitted to Medicaid for non-covered off-label uses and submitting inflated best price information to
the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program.
The
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 also created prohibitions against healthcare fraud and false
statements relating to healthcare matters. The healthcare fraud statute prohibits knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to
defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private payers. The false statements statute immediately noted above prohibits
knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent
statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services.
In
addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians. The ACA, through
the Physician Payment Sunshine Act of 2010, imposed new requirements on manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical
supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program (with certain exceptions)
to report annually to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) information related to payments or other
“transfers of value” made to physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors)
and teaching hospitals, and applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations to report annually to CMS ownership and
investment interests held by physicians (as defined above) and their immediate family members and payments or other “transfers
of value” to such physician owners and their immediate family members. Manufacturers are required to report such data to
the government by the 90th calendar day of each year.
The
majority of states also have statutes or regulations similar to these federal laws, which apply to items and services reimbursed
under Medicaid and other state programs, or, in several states, apply regardless of the payer. In addition, some states have laws
that require pharmaceutical companies to adopt comprehensive compliance programs. For example, under California law, pharmaceutical
companies must comply with both the April 2003 Office of Inspector General Compliance Program Guidance for Pharmaceutical
Manufacturers and the PhRMA Code on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals, as amended. Certain states also mandate the tracking
and reporting of gifts, compensation, and other remuneration paid by us to physicians and other healthcare providers.
Although
compliance programs can mitigate the risk of investigation and prosecution for violations of these laws, the risks cannot be entirely
eliminated. Any action against us or our licensees for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could
cause us to incur significant legal expenses, cause reputational harm and divert our management’s attention from the operation
of our business. Moreover, achieving and sustaining compliance with E.U. government and regulatory agencies and applicable U.S.
federal and state laws may prove costly.
Because
of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the safe harbors, it is possible that some of our business activities could
be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. The ACA also made several important changes to the federal anti-kickback
statute, false claims laws and healthcare fraud statute by weakening the intent requirement under the anti-kickback and healthcare
fraud statutes that may make it easier for the government or whistleblowers to charge such fraud and abuse violations. A person
or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it. In addition, the ACA provides
that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal anti-kickback
statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the false claims statutes. In addition, the ACA increases penalties
for fraud and abuse violations. If our past, present or future operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described
above or other similar governmental regulations to which we are subject, we may be subject to significant civil, criminal and
administrative penalties, damages, fines, imprisonment, exclusion from government funded healthcare programs, such as Medicare
and Medicaid, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate
our business and negatively impact our financial results.
If
Macrilen™ (macimorelin) does not gain market acceptance, we may be unable to generate significant revenues.
Market
acceptance of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the following:
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demonstration
of clinical efficacy and safety;
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the
prevalence and severity of any adverse side effects;
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limitations
or warnings contained in the product’s approved labeling;
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availability
of alternative treatments or tests for the indications we target;
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the
advantages and disadvantages of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) relative to current or alternative treatments and tests;
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the
availability of acceptable pricing and adequate third-party reimbursement; and
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the
effectiveness of marketing and distribution methods for Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
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If
Macrilen™ (macimorelin) does not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients, healthcare payers and others in the
medical community, who may not accept or utilize Macrilen™ (macimorelin), our ability to generate significant revenues from
Macrilen™ (macimorelin) would be limited, and our financial condition could be materially, adversely affected. In addition,
if we fail to further penetrate our core markets and existing geographic markets or to successfully expand our business into new
markets, the growth in sales of Macrilen™ (macimorelin), along with our operating results, could be negatively impacted.
Our
ability to further penetrate our core markets and existing geographic markets in which we compete or to successfully expand our
business into additional countries in Europe, Asia or elsewhere is subject to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control.
Macrilen™ (macimorelin), if successfully commercialized, may compete with a number of drugs, therapies, products and tests
currently manufactured and marketed by major pharmaceutical and other biotechnology companies. Macrilen™ (macimorelin) may
also compete with new products currently under development by others or with products which may be less expensive than Macrilen™
(macimorelin). There can be no assurance that our efforts to increase market penetration in our core markets and existing geographic
markets will be successful. Our failure to do so could have an adverse effect on our operating results and would likely cause
a drop in the share price of our Common Shares.
We
may expend our limited resources to pursue a particular product or indication and fail to capitalize on other products or indications
for which there may be a greater likelihood of success.
Because
we have limited financial and managerial resources, we are currently focusing our efforts on Macrilen™ (macimorelin), and
we are doing so for specific indications. As a result, we may forego or delay pursuit of opportunities for other potential indications
for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), which there may be a greater likelihood of success or may prove to have greater commercial
potential. Research programs to identify new product candidates or pursue alternative indications for Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
require substantial technical, financial and human resources. These activities – if pursued – may initially show promise
in identifying potential product candidates or indications, yet fail to yield product candidates or indications for further clinical
development.
We
may not achieve our projected development goals in the time-frames we announce and expect.
We
may set goals and make public statements regarding the timing of the accomplishment of objectives material to our success, such
as the commencement, enrollment and anticipated completion of clinical trials, anticipated regulatory submission and approval
dates and time of product launch. The actual timing of these events can vary dramatically due to factors such as delays or failures
in any clinical trials, the uncertainties inherent in the regulatory approval process and delays in achieving manufacturing or
marketing arrangements sufficient to commercialize Macrilen™ (macimorelin). There can be no assurance that we will make
regulatory submissions or receive regulatory approvals as planned or that we will be able to adhere to our schedule for launching
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) outside of the U.S. If we fail to achieve one or more of these milestones as planned, the share
price of our Common Shares would likely decline.
If
we fail to obtain acceptable prices or adequate reimbursement for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), our ability to generate revenues
will be diminished.
Our
ability or that of our licensee(s) to successfully commercialize Macrilen™ (macimorelin) will depend significantly on our
or their ability to obtain acceptable prices and the availability of reimbursement to the patient from third-party payers, such
as governmental and private insurance plans. These third-party payers frequently require companies to provide predetermined discounts
from list prices, and they are increasingly challenging the prices charged for pharmaceuticals and other medical products. Macrilen™
(macimorelin) may not be considered cost-effective, and reimbursement to the patient may not be available or sufficient to allow
us or our licensee(s) to sell our products on a competitive basis. It may not be possible to negotiate favorable reimbursement
rates for Macrilen™ (macimorelin). Adverse pricing and reimbursement conditions would also likely diminish our ability to
induce third parties to in-license Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
In
addition, the continuing efforts of third-party payers to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare through various means may
limit our commercial opportunity and reduce any associated revenue and profits. We expect that proposals to implement similar
government controls will continue. The pricing of pharmaceutical products, in general, and specialty drugs, in particular, has
been a topic of concern in the U.S. Congress, where hearings on the topic have been held, and has been a topic of speeches given
by political figures, including President Donald Trump. Specifically, there have been several recent U.S. Congressional inquiries
and proposed bills designed to, among other things, bring more transparency to drug pricing, review the relationship between pricing
and manufacturer patient programs, and reform government program reimbursement methodologies for drugs. Furthermore, there is
drug pricing reform taking place at the state level in the U.S., in the form of laws and bills, that will impact how pharmaceutical
companies can market and sell drug products and at what price. Additionally, third-party payers are increasingly challenging the
price, examining the medical necessity and reviewing the cost-effectiveness of medical drug products and medical services, in
addition to questioning their safety and efficacy. There can be no assurance as to how this scrutiny on pricing of pharmaceutical
products will impact future pricing of a product or orphan drugs or pharmaceutical products generally. In addition, increasing
emphasis on managed care will continue to put pressure on the pricing of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products. Cost control
initiatives could decrease the price that we or any current or potential collaborators could receive a product and could adversely
affect our profitability. In addition, in the U.S., Canada and many other countries, pricing and/or profitability of some or all
prescription pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals are subject to government control.
If
we or our licensee(s) fail to obtain acceptable prices or an adequate level of reimbursement for Macrilen™ (macimorelin),
the sales of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) would be adversely affected or there may be no commercially viable market for Macrilen™
(macimorelin).
Competition
in our targeted markets is intense, and development by other companies could render Macrilen™ (macimorelin) non-competitive.
The
biopharmaceutical field is highly competitive. New products developed by other companies in the industry could render Macrilen™
(macimorelin) uncompetitive or significantly less competitive. Competitors are developing and testing products and technologies
that would compete with Macrilen™ (macimorelin). Some of these products may be more effective or have an entirely different
approach or means of accomplishing the desired effect than Macrilen™ (macimorelin). We expect competition from pharmaceutical
and biopharmaceutical companies and academic research institutions to continue to increase over time. Many of our competitors
and potential competitors have substantially greater product development capabilities and financial, scientific, marketing and
human resources than we do.
We
may not obtain adequate protection for Macrilen™ (macimorelin) through our intellectual property.
We
rely heavily on our proprietary information in developing and manufacturing Macrilen™ (macimorelin). Our success depends,
in large part, on our ability to protect our competitive position through patents, trade secrets, trademarks and other intellectual
property rights. We have filed and are pursuing applications for patents and trademarks in many countries. Pending patent applications
may not result in the issuance of patents, and we may not be able to obtain additional issued patents relating to Macrilen™
(macimorelin).
The
laws of some countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S. and Canada. Many
companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending such rights in foreign jurisdictions. Many countries,
including certain countries in Europe, have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses
to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against government agencies or government contractors.
In these countries, the patent owner may have limited remedies, which could materially diminish the value of the patent. Moreover,
the legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the aggressive enforcement of
patent and other intellectual property protection, which makes it difficult to stop and prevent infringement.
Our
patents may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated, held to be unenforceable or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop
competitors from marketing similar products or limit the length of term of patent protection we may have for Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
Changes in either patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the U.S. and other countries may diminish the value of our
intellectual property or narrow the scope of our patent protection for Macrilen™ (macimorelin). The patents issued or to
be issued to us for Macrilen™ (macimorelin) may not provide us with any competitive advantage or protect us against competitors
with similar technology. In addition, it is possible that third parties with products that are very similar to ours will circumvent
our patents by means of alternate designs or processes. We may have to rely on method-of-use, methods of manufacture and/or new-formulation
protection for our compounds in development, and any resulting products, which may not confer the same protection as claims to
compounds per se.
In
addition, our patents may be challenged by third parties in patent litigation, which is becoming widespread in the biopharmaceutical
industry. There may be prior art of which we are not aware that may affect the validity or enforceability of a patent claim. There
may also be prior art of which we are aware, but which we do not believe affects the validity or enforceability of a claim, which
may, nonetheless, ultimately be found to affect the validity or enforceability of a claim. No assurance can be given that our
patents would, if challenged, be held by a court to be valid or enforceable or that a competitor’s technology or product would
be found by a court to infringe our patents. Our granted patents could also be challenged and revoked in U.S. post-grant
proceedings as well as in opposition or nullity proceedings in certain countries outside the U.S. In addition, we may be
required to disclaim part of the term of certain patents. The costs of these proceedings could be substantial, and it is possible
that our efforts could be unsuccessful, resulting in a loss of our U.S. patent position.
We
also rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how to protect our intellectual property. If we are unable to protect the confidentiality
of our proprietary information and know-how, the value of our technology and products could be adversely affected. We seek to
protect our unpatented proprietary information in part by requiring our employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators
and sponsored researchers and other advisors to enter into confidentiality agreements. These agreements provide that all confidential
information developed or made known to the individual during the course of the individual’s relationship with us is to be kept
confidential and not disclosed to third parties except in specific circumstances. In the case of our employees, the agreements
provide that all of the technology that is conceived by the individual during the course of employment is our exclusive property.
These agreements may not provide meaningful protection or adequate remedies in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of
our proprietary information. In addition, it is possible that third parties could independently develop proprietary information
and techniques substantially similar to ours or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets. If we are unable to protect the confidentiality
of our proprietary information and know-how, competitors may be able to use this information to develop products that compete
with our products and technologies, which could adversely impact our business.
We
currently have the right to use certain patents and technologies under license agreements with third parties. Our failure to comply
with the requirements of one or more of our license agreements could result in the termination of such agreements, which could
cause us to terminate the related development program and cause a complete loss of our investment in that program or given market.
Inventions claimed in certain in-licensed patents may have been made with funding from the U.S. government and may be subject
to the rights of the U.S. government and we may be subject to additional requirements in the event we seek to commercialize or
manufacture product candidates incorporating such in-licensed technology.
As
a result of the foregoing factors, we may not be able to rely on our intellectual property to protect Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
in the marketplace.
We
may infringe the intellectual property rights of others.
Our
commercial success depends significantly on our ability to operate without infringing the patents and other intellectual property
rights of third parties. There could be issued patents of which we are not aware that our products or methods may be found to
infringe, or patents of which we are aware and believe we do not infringe, but which we may ultimately be found to infringe. Moreover,
patent applications and their underlying discoveries are in some cases maintained in secrecy until patents are issued. Because
patents can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending applications of which we are unaware that may later result
in issued patents that our products or technologies are found to infringe. Moreover, there may be published pending applications
that do not currently include a claim covering our products or technologies, but, which nonetheless, provide support for a later
drafted claim that, if issued, our products or technologies could be found to infringe.
If
we infringe or are alleged to infringe intellectual property rights of third parties, it will adversely affect our business. Third
parties may own or control these patents or patent applications in the U.S. and abroad. These third parties could bring claims
against us or our collaborators that would cause us to incur substantial expenses and, if successful against us, could cause us
to pay substantial damages. Further, if a patent infringement suit were brought against us or our collaborators, we or they could
be forced to stop or delay research, development, manufacturing or sales of the product or product candidate that is the subject
of the suit.
The
biopharmaceutical industry has produced a proliferation of patents, and it is not always clear to industry participants, including
us, which patents cover various types of products. The coverage of patents is subject to interpretation by the courts, and the
interpretation is not always uniform. In the event of infringement or violation of another party’s patent or other intellectual
property rights, we may not be able to enter into licensing arrangements or make other arrangements at a reasonable cost. Any
inability to secure licenses or alternative technology could result in delays in the introduction of our products or lead to prohibition
of the manufacture or sale of products by us or our partners and collaborators.
Patent
litigation is costly and time consuming and may subject us to liabilities.
If
we become involved in any patent litigation, interference, opposition, re-examination or other administrative proceedings, we
will likely incur substantial expenses in connection therewith, and the efforts of our technical and management personnel will
be significantly diverted. In addition, an adverse determination in litigation could subject us to significant liabilities.
We
may not obtain trademark registrations for our current or future products.
We
have filed applications for trademark registrations, including Macrilen™ (macimorelin), in various jurisdictions, including
the U.S. We may file applications for other possible trademarks for macimorelin. No assurance can be given that any of our trademarks
will be registered elsewhere, or that the use of any registered or unregistered trademarks will confer a competitive advantage
in the marketplace.
We
rely on third parties to conduct, supervise and monitor our clinical trials, and those third parties may not perform satisfactorily.
We
rely on third parties such as CROs, medical institutions and clinical investigators to enroll qualified patients and to
conduct, supervise and monitor our clinical trials. Our reliance on these third parties for clinical development activities reduces
our control over these activities. Our reliance on these third parties, however, does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities,
including ensuring that our clinical trials are conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice (“GCP”) guidelines
and the investigational plan and protocols contained in an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application to the
FDA, or a comparable foreign regulatory submission. Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities,
some of which may be our competitors. In addition, they may not complete activities on schedule, or may not conduct our preclinical
studies or clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our trial design. If these third parties do not successfully
carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, our efforts to obtain regulatory approvals for, and to commercialize,
our products may be delayed or prevented.
We
are dependent on, and rely upon, third parties to perform various functions related to our business, including, but not limited
to, development of some of our product candidates. Our reliance on these relationships poses a number of risks.
In
carrying out our operations, we are dependent on a stable and consistent supply of ingredients and raw materials.
There
can be no assurance that we, our contract manufacturers or our licensees, will be able, in the future, to continue to purchase
products from our current suppliers or any other supplier on terms that are favorable or similar to current terms or at all. An
interruption in the availability of certain raw materials or ingredients, or significant increases in the prices we pay for them,
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity and operating results.
The
failure to perform satisfactorily by third parties upon which we expect to rely to manufacture and supply products may lead to
supply shortfalls.
We
rely on third parties to manufacture and supply Macrilen™ (macimorelin). We also have or may have certain supply obligations
vis-à-vis our existing and potential licensees, who are or will be responsible for the marketing of Macrilen™
(macimorelin). To be successful, Macrilen™ (macimorelin) has to be manufactured in commercial quantities in compliance with
quality controls and regulatory requirements. Even though it is our objective to minimize such risk by introducing alternative
suppliers to ensure a constant supply at all times, there are a limited number of contract manufacturers or suppliers that are
capable of manufacturing Macrilen™ (macimorelin) or the materials used in its manufacture. If we are unable to do so ourselves
or to arrange for third-party manufacturing or supply of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) or materials, or to do so on commercially
reasonable terms, we may not be able to commercialize Macrilen™ (macimorelin) through our licensees. Reliance on third-party
manufacturers entails risks to which we would not be subject if we manufactured products ourselves, including reliance on the
third party for regulatory compliance, the possibility of breach of the manufacturing agreement by the third party because of
factors beyond our control, and the possibility of termination or non-renewal of the agreement by the third party, based on its
own business priorities, at a time that is costly or inconvenient for us.
We
are subject to intense competition for our skilled personnel, and the loss of key personnel or the inability to attract additional
personnel could impair our ability to conduct our operations.
We
are highly dependent on our management and our clinical, regulatory and scientific staff, the loss of whose services might adversely
impact our ability to achieve our objectives. Recruiting and retaining qualified management and clinical, scientific and regulatory
personnel is critical to our success. Reductions in our staffing levels have eliminated redundancies in key capabilities and skill
sets among our full-time staff and required us to rely more heavily on outside consultants and third parties. We have been unable
to increase the compensation of our associates to the extent required to remain fully competitive for their services, which increased
our employee retention risk. The competition for qualified personnel in the biopharmaceutical field is intense, and if we are
not able to continue to retain qualified personnel and/or maintain positive relationships with our outside consultants, we may
not be able to achieve our strategic and operational objectives.
We
may be subject to litigation in the future.
We
may, from time to time, be a party to litigation in the normal course of business. Monitoring and defending against legal actions,
whether meritorious, is time-consuming for our management and detracts from our ability to fully focus our internal resources
on our business activities. In addition, legal fees and costs incurred in connection with such activities may be significant and
we could, in the future, be subject to judgments or enter into settlements of claims for significant monetary damages. A decision
adverse to our interests could result in the payment of substantial damages and could have a material adverse effect on our cash
flow, results of operations and financial position.
With
respect to any litigation, our insurance may not reimburse us or may not be sufficient to reimburse us for the expenses or losses
we may suffer in contesting and concluding such lawsuit. Substantial litigation costs, including the substantial self-insured
retention that we are required to satisfy before any insurance applies to a claim, unreimbursed legal fees or an adverse result
in any litigation may adversely impact our business, operating results or financial condition.
We
are subject to the risk of product liability claims, for which we may not have or may not be able to obtain adequate insurance
coverage.
The
sale and use of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) will involve the risk of product liability claims and associated adverse publicity.
Product liability claims might be made against us directly by patients, healthcare providers or pharmaceutical companies or others
selling, buying or using our products. We attempt to manage our liability risks by means of insurance. We maintain insurance covering
our liability for our preclinical and clinical studies as well as products liability insurance. However, we may not have or be
able to obtain or maintain sufficient and affordable insurance coverage, including coverage for potentially very significant legal
expenses, and without sufficient coverage any claim brought against us could have a materially adverse effect on our business,
financial condition or results of operations.
We
are a holding company, and claims of creditors of our subsidiaries will generally have priority as to the assets of such subsidiaries
over our claims and those of our creditors and shareholders. In addition, our principal operating subsidiary, AEZS Germany, may
become subject to insolvency proceedings if it is illiquid or “over-indebted” in accordance with German law.
Aeterna
Zentaris is a holding company and a substantial portion of our non-cash assets is the share capital of our subsidiaries.
AEZS Germany, our principal operating subsidiary, based in Frankfurt, Germany, holds most of our intellectual property rights.
Because Aeterna Zentaris is a holding company, our obligations to our creditors are structurally subordinated to all
existing and future liabilities of our subsidiaries, which may incur additional or other liabilities and/or obligations. As a
result, our rights and the rights of our creditors to participate in any distribution of the assets of any subsidiary in the event
that such subsidiary were to be liquidated or reorganized or in the event of any bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding relating
to or involving such subsidiary, and, therefore, the rights of the holders of our securities to participate in those assets, are
subject to the prior claims of such subsidiary’s creditors. To the extent that we may be a creditor with recognized claims against
any such subsidiary, our claims would still be subject to the prior claims of our subsidiary’s creditors to the extent that they
are secured or senior to those held by us.
Holders
of our securities are not creditors of our subsidiaries. Claims to the assets of our subsidiaries will derive from our own ownership
interest in those operating subsidiaries. Claims of our subsidiaries’ creditors will generally have priority as to the assets
of such subsidiaries over our own ownership interest claims and, therefore, will have priority over the holders of our securities.
Our subsidiaries’ creditors may from time to time include general creditors, trade creditors, employees, secured creditors, taxing
authorities and creditors holding guarantees. Accordingly, in the event of any foreclosure, dissolution, winding-up, liquidation
or reorganization, or a bankruptcy, insolvency or creditor protection proceeding relating to us or our property, or any subsidiary,
there can be no assurance as to the value, if any, that would be available to holders of our securities. In addition, any
distributions to us by our subsidiaries could be subject to monetary transfer restrictions in the jurisdictions in which our subsidiaries
operate.
German
law, which governs our principal operating subsidiary AEZS Germany, imposes an obligation on the managing director(s) of AEZS
Germany to institute insolvency proceedings of that subsidiary if the managing director(s) concludes that AEZS Germany is insolvent
because it is either illiquid or “over-indebted” in accordance with the provisions of German law.
It
may be difficult for U.S. investors to obtain and enforce judgments against us because of our Canadian incorporation and
German presence.
We
are a company existing under the laws of Canada. A number of our directors and officers are residents of Canada or otherwise reside
outside the U.S., and all or a substantial portion of their assets, and a substantial portion of our assets, are located outside
the U.S. Consequently, although we have appointed an agent for service of process in the U.S., it may be difficult for investors
in the U.S. to bring an action against such directors or officers or to enforce against those persons or us a judgment obtained
in a U.S. court predicated upon the civil liability provisions of federal securities laws or other laws of the U.S. Investors
should not assume that foreign courts (i) would enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions against us or such directors,
officers or experts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws or the securities
or “blue sky” laws of any state within the U.S. or (ii) would enforce, in original actions, liabilities against
us or such directors, officers or experts predicated upon the U.S. federal securities laws or any such state securities or “blue
sky” laws.
We
are subject to various internal control reporting requirements under applicable Canadian securities laws and the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act in the U.S. We can provide no assurance that we will at all times in the future be able to report that our internal controls
over financial reporting are effective.
As
a public company, we are required to comply with Section 404 of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Section
404”) and National Instrument 52-109 - Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings
of the Canadian securities administrators. In any given year, we cannot be certain as to the time of completion of our internal
control evaluation, testing and remediation actions or of their impact on our operations. Upon completion of this process, we
may identify control deficiencies of varying degrees of severity under applicable SEC and Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (U.S.) rules and regulations. As a public company, we are required to report, among other things, control deficiencies that
constitute material weaknesses or changes in internal controls that, or that are reasonably likely to, materially affect internal
controls over financial reporting. A “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal
control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual consolidated
financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. If we fail to comply with the requirements of Section 404
or similar Canadian requirements or if we report a material weakness, we might be subject to regulatory sanction and investors
may lose confidence in our consolidated financial statements, which may be inaccurate if we fail to remedy such material weakness.
We
are subject to a broad range of environmental laws and regulations and may be subject to environmental remediation obligations
under such safety and related laws and regulations. The impact of these obligations and the Company’s ability to respond
effectively to them may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations
and could cause the market value of our Common Shares to decline.
We
are subject to a broad range of federal, state, provincial and local environmental laws and regulations in the U.S., Canada and
Germany concerning the environment, safety matters, regulation of chemicals and product safety in the countries where we manufacture
and sell our products or otherwise operate our business. These requirements include, among other matters, regulation of the handling,
manufacture, transportation, storage, use and disposal of materials, including the discharge of pollutants, hazardous substances
and waste into the environment. In the normal course of our business, such substances and waste may be released into the environment,
which could cause environmental or property damage or personal injuries, and which could subject us to remediation obligations
regarding contaminated soil and groundwater, potential liability for damage claims or to social or reputational harm and other
similar adverse impacts. Under certain laws, we may be required to remediate contamination at certain of our properties regardless
of whether the contamination was caused by us or by previous occupants of the property or by others and at third-party sites where
we send waste.
In
recent years, the operations of all companies have become subject to increasingly stringent legislation and regulation related
to environmental protection. Such legislation and regulations are complex and constantly changing. Future events, such as changes
in existing laws or regulations or the enforcement thereof or the discovery of contamination at our facilities may, among other
things, require us to install additional controls for certain of our emission sources, undertake changes in our manufacturing
processes, remediate soil or groundwater contamination at facilities where such cleanup is not currently required or to take action
to address social expectations or concerns arising from or relating to such changes and our response to such changes. The cost
of such additional compliance or remediation obligations or responding to such social expectations or concerns may be significant
and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could
cause the market value of our Common Shares and/or debt securities to decline.
It
is possible that we may be a passive foreign investment company, which could result in adverse tax consequences to U.S. investors.
Adverse
U.S. federal income tax rules apply to “U.S. Holders” (as defined in “Item 10.E - Taxation - Material U.S. Federal
Income Tax Considerations” in this Annual Report on Form 20-F) who directly or indirectly hold stock of a passive foreign
investment company (“PFIC”). We will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for a taxable year
if (i) at least 75% of our gross income is “passive income” or (ii) at least 50% of the average value of our assets,
including goodwill (based on annual quarterly average), is attributable to assets which produce passive income or are held for
the production of passive income.
We
believe that we were a PFIC for the 2015 taxable year, but were not a PFIC for the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 taxable years. However,
the PFIC determination depends on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules concerning the classification of our
assets and income for this purpose, and these rules are uncertain in some respects. In addition, the fair market value of our
assets may be determined in large part by the market price of our Common Shares, which is likely to fluctuate, and the composition
of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend any cash that is raised in any financing transaction.
No assurance can be provided that we will not be classified as a PFIC for the 2020 taxable year and for any future taxable year.
If
we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds Common Shares, we generally would continue to be treated as
a PFIC with respect to that U.S. Holder for all succeeding years during which the U.S. Holder holds such Common Shares, even if
we ceased to meet the threshold requirements for PFIC status. PFIC characterization could result in adverse U.S. federal income
tax consequences to U.S. Holders. In particular, absent certain elections, a U.S. Holder would generally be subject to U.S. federal
income tax at ordinary income tax rates, plus a possible interest charge, in respect of a gain derived from a disposition of our
Common Shares, as well as certain distributions by us. If we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder may be
able to make an election to “mark-to-market” Common Shares each taxable year and recognize ordinary income pursuant
to such election based upon increases in the value of the Common Shares.
In
addition, U.S. Holders may mitigate the adverse tax consequences of the PFIC rules by making a “qualified electing fund”
(“QEF”) election; however, there can be no assurance that we will satisfy the record keeping requirements applicable
to a QEF or that we will provide the information regarding our income that would be necessary for a U.S. Holder to make a QEF
election.
If
the Company is a PFIC, U.S. Holders will generally be required to file an annual information return with the Internal Revenue
Service (the “IRS”) (on IRS Form 8621, which PFIC shareholders will be required to file with their U.S. federal income
tax or information returns) relating to their ownership of Common Shares. This filing requirement is in addition to any pre-existing
reporting requirements that apply to a U.S. Holder’s interest in a PFIC (which this requirement does not affect).
For
a more detailed discussion of the potential tax impact of us being a PFIC, see “Item 10.E - Taxation - Material U.S. Federal
Income Tax Considerations” in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. The PFIC rules are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their
tax advisors regarding the potential application of the PFIC regime and any reporting obligations to which they may be subject
under that regime.
Our
net operating losses may be limited for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code.
If
a corporation with net operating losses (“NOLs”) undergoes an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section
382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, then such corporation’s use of such “pre-change” NOLs to
offset income incurred following such ownership change may be limited. Such limitation also may apply to certain losses or deductions
that are “built-in” (i.e., attributable to periods prior to the ownership change, but not yet taken into account for
tax purposes) as of the date of the ownership change that are subsequently recognized. An ownership change generally occurs when
there is either (i) a shift in ownership involving one or more “5% shareholders”, or (ii) an “equity structure
shift” and, as a result, the percentage of stock of the corporation owned by one or more 5% shareholders (based on value)
has increased by more than 50 percentage points over the lowest percentage of stock of the corporation owned by such shareholders
during the “testing period” (generally the 3 years preceding the testing date). In general, if such change occurs, the
corporation’s ability to utilize its net operating loss carry-forwards and certain other tax attributes would be subject to an
annual limitation, as described below. The unused portion of any such net operating loss carry-forwards or tax attributes each
year is carried forward, subject to the same limitation in future years. The impact of an ownership change on state NOL carryforwards
may vary from state to state. Recent legislation added several limitations to the ability to claim deductions for NOLs, including
a deduction limit equal to 80% of taxable income and a restriction on NOL carryback deductions.
We
may incur losses associated with foreign currency fluctuations.
Our
operations are in many instances conducted in currencies other than our functional currency or the functional currencies of our
subsidiaries. Fluctuations in the value of currencies could cause us to incur currency exchange losses. We do not currently employ
a hedging strategy against exchange rate risk. We cannot assert with any assurance that we will not suffer losses as a result
of unfavorable fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar, the euro, the Canadian dollar and other currencies.
Legislative
actions, new accounting pronouncements and higher insurance costs may adversely impact our future financial position or results
of operations.
Changes
in financial accounting standards or implementation of accounting standards may cause adverse, unexpected revenue or expense fluctuations
and affect our financial position or results of operations. New pronouncements and varying interpretations of pronouncements have
occurred with greater frequency and are expected to occur in the future, and we may make or be required to make changes in our
accounting policies in the future. Compliance with changing regulations of corporate governance and public disclosure, notably
with respect to internal controls over financial reporting, may result in additional expenses. Changing laws, regulations and
standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for companies such as ours, and insurance
costs are increasing as a result of this uncertainty.
Data
security breaches may disrupt our operations and adversely affect our operating results.
Our
network security and data recovery measures and those of third parties with which we contract, may not be adequate to protect
against computer viruses, cyber-attacks, breaches, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems.
The misappropriation, theft, sabotage or any other type of security breach with respect to any of our proprietary and confidential
information that is electronically stored, including research or clinical data, could cause interruptions in our operations, could
result in a material disruption of our clinical activities and business operations and could expose us to third-party legal claims.
Furthermore, we could be required to make substantial expenditures of resources to remedy the cause of cyber-attacks or break-ins.
This disruption could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Additionally,
any break-in or trespass of our facilities that results in the misappropriation, theft, sabotage or any other type of security
breach with respect to our proprietary and confidential information, including research or clinical data, or that results in damage
to our R&D equipment and assets could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our
business processes personal information, both in connection with clinical activities and our employees. The use of this information
is critical to our operations and innovation, including the development of our products, as well as management of our employees.
New and evolving regulations, such as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation, could bring increased scrutiny of
our data management in the future. Any cyber-attacks or other failure to protect critical and sensitive systems and information
could damage our reputation, prompt litigation or lead to regulatory sanctions, all of which could materially affect our financial
condition and results of operation.
Risks
Relating to our Common Shares
Our
Common Shares may be delisted from the NASDAQ or the TSX, which could affect their market price and liquidity. If our Common Shares
were to be delisted, investors may have difficulty in disposing their Common Shares.
Our
Common Shares are currently listed on both the NASDAQ and the TSX under the symbol “AEZS”. We must meet continuing listing
requirements to maintain the listing of our Common Shares on the NASDAQ and the TSX. For continued listing, the NASDAQ requires,
among other things, that listed securities maintain a minimum closing bid price of not less than $1.00 per share. On
January 8, 2020, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff of the NASDAQ, notifying us that for the last 30 consecutive
business days prior to the date of the letter, the closing bid price of our Common Shares was below $1.00 per share and, therefore,
we did not meet the requirement for continued listing on the NASDAQ as required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2). On January
23, 2020, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff of the NASDAQ notifying us that we had regained compliance
with the minimum bid price requirement. However, since February 21, 2020, our share price has fallen below $1.00 and as of March
17, was $0.49 on the NASDAQ. There can
be no assurance that we will regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing. If we do regain compliance
with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing, there can be no assurance, however, that the market price of our
Common Shares will not again fall below $1.00 in the future or that, if it does, we will regain compliance with the minimum bid
price requirement for continued listing.
In
addition to the minimum bid price requirement, the continued listing rules of the NASDAQ require us to meet at least one of the
following listing standards: (i) stockholders’ equity of at least $2.5 million, (ii) market value of listed securities
(calculated by multiplying the daily closing bid price of our securities by our total outstanding securities) of at least $35 million
or (iii) net income from continuing operations (in the latest fiscal year or in two of the last three fiscal years)
of at least $500,000 (collectively, the “Additional Listing Standards”). If we fail to meet at least one of the
Additional Listing Standards, our Common Shares may be subject to delisting after the expiration of the period of time, if
any, that we are allowed for regaining compliance.
Based
on our financial results as at December 31, 2019, we do not believe we are in compliance with the continued listing standards
of the NASDAQ. There is no assurance that we will obtain and then maintain compliance and therefore there can be no assurance
that our Common Shares will remain listed on the NASDAQ or the TSX. If we fail to meet any of the NASDAQ’s or the TSX’s
continued listing requirements, our Common Shares may be delisted. Any delisting of our Common Shares may adversely affect our
ability to raise additional financing through the public or private sale of equity securities, would significantly adversely affect
the ability of investors to trade our securities and would negatively affect the value and liquidity of our Common Shares. Delisting
could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of confidence by employees, the loss of institutional investor
interest and fewer business opportunities. If our Common Shares are delisted by the NASDAQ or the TSX, the price of our Common
Shares may decline, and a shareholder may find it more difficult to dispose, or obtain quotations as to the market value, of such
shares. Moreover, if we are delisted, we could incur additional costs under state blue sky laws in connection with any sales of
our securities. These requirements could severely limit the market liquidity of our Common Shares and the ability of our shareholders
to sell our Common Shares in the secondary market.
Our
share price is volatile, which may result from factors outside of our control.
Our
valuation and share price since the beginning of trading after our initial listings, first in Canada and then in the U.S., have
had no meaningful relationship to current or historical financial results, asset values, book value or many other criteria based
on conventional measures of the value of shares.
Between
January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019, the closing price of our Common Shares ranged from $0.90 to $4.65 per share on the NASDAQ
and from C$1.19 to C$6.25 per share on the TSX. As of March 17, 2020, the price of our Common Shares on the NASDAQ was $0.49
and C$0.71 on the TSX. Our share price may be affected by developments directly affecting our business and by developments out
of our control or unrelated to us. The stock market generally, and the biopharmaceutical sector in particular, are vulnerable
to abrupt changes in investor sentiment. Prices of shares and trading volume of companies in the biopharmaceutical industry can
swing dramatically in ways unrelated to, or that bear a disproportionate relationship to, operating performance. Our share price
and trading volume may fluctuate based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the following:
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developments
regarding current or future third-party suppliers and licensee(s);
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clinical
trial and regulatory developments regarding Macrilen™ (macimorelin);
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delays
in our anticipated clinical trial development or commercialization timelines;
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announcements
by us regarding technological, regulatory or other matters;
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arrivals
or departures of key personnel;
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governmental
or regulatory action affecting our product candidates and our competitors’ products in the U.S., Canada and other countries;
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developments
or disputes concerning patent or proprietary rights;
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actual
or anticipated fluctuations in our revenues or expenses;
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general
market conditions and fluctuations for the emerging growth and biopharmaceutical market sectors; and
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economic
conditions in the U.S. or abroad, including the instability due to COVID-19.
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Our
listing on both the NASDAQ and the TSX may increase price volatility due to various factors, including different ability to buy
or sell our Common Shares, different market conditions in different capital markets and different trading volumes. In addition,
low trading volume may increase the price volatility of our Common Shares. A thin trading market could cause the share price of
our Common Shares to fluctuate significantly more than the stock market as a whole.
We
do not intend to pay dividends in the near future.
To
date, we have not declared or paid any dividends on our Common Shares. As a result, the return on an investment in our Common
Shares, or any of our other securities, will depend upon any future appreciation in value. There is no guarantee that our Common
Shares or any of our other securities will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which shareholders have purchased them.
Future
issuances of securities and hedging activities may depress the trading price of our Common Shares.
Any
additional or future issuance of securities or convertible securities, including the issuance of securities upon the exercise
of stock options and upon the exercise of warrants or other convertible securities or securities pursuant to which Common Shares
are issuable, could dilute the interests of our existing shareholders, and could substantially decrease the trading share price
of our Common Shares.
We
may issue equity securities in the future for a number of reasons, including to finance our operations and business strategy,
to satisfy our obligations upon the exercise of options or warrants or for other reasons. Our stock option plans generally permit
us to have outstanding, at any given time, stock options that are exercisable for a maximum number of Common Shares equal to 11.4%
of all then issued and outstanding Common Shares. As at December 31, 2019, there were:
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19,994,510
Common Shares issued and outstanding;
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no
issued and outstanding Preferred Shares;
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28,144
Common Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants that we issued in March 2015, which had a weighted average exercise price
of $1.07 per Common Share (the March 2015 warrants expired by their terms in March 2020); 2,331,000 Common Shares issuable
upon exercise of warrants that we issued in December 2015, which had a weighted average exercise price of $7.10 per Common
Share; 945,000 Common Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants that we issued in November 2016, which had a weighted average
exercise price of $4.70 per Common Share; and 3,325,000 Common Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants that we issued in
September 2019, which had a weighted average exercise price of $1.65 per Common Share;
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953,116
Common Shares that underlie outstanding stock options and deferred share units granted under our plans, having a weighted
average exercise price of $3.38 per Common Share;
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441
Common Shares that underlie outstanding stock options and deferred share units granted under our plans, having a weighted
average exercise price of C$912.00 per Common Share; and
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246,619
additional Common Shares available for future grants under our Second Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan, and 1,079,198
additional Common Shares available for future grants under our 2018 Long Term Incentive Plan. The maximum number of Common
Shares issuable under the plans may equal 11.4% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares at any given time.
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In
addition, the share price of our Common Shares could also be affected by possible sales of securities by investors who view other
investment vehicles as more attractive means of equity participation in us and by hedging or arbitrage trading activity that may
develop involving our securities. This hedging or arbitrage could, in turn, affect the trading share price of our Common
Shares.
In
the event we were to lose our foreign private issuer status as of June 30 of a given financial year, we would be required to comply
with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 domestic reporting regime, which could cause us to incur additional legal, accounting
and other expenses.
In
order to maintain our current status as a foreign private issuer, either (1) a majority of our Common Shares must not be either
directly or indirectly owned of record by residents of the U.S. or (2) (a) a majority of our executive officers and of our directors
must not be U.S. citizens or residents, (b) more than 50 percent of our assets cannot be located in the U.S. and (c) our business
must be administered principally outside the U.S.
In
2019, our management conducted its annual assessment of the various facts and circumstances underlying the determination of our
status as a foreign private issuer and, based on the foregoing, our management has determined that, as of the date of such determination
and as of June 30, 2019, we continued to be a foreign private issuer.
There
can be no assurance, however, that we will remain a foreign private issuer either in 2020 or in future financial years.
If
we were to lose our foreign private issuer status as of June 30 of any given financial year, we would be required to comply with
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 reporting and other requirements applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, which are more detailed
and extensive than the requirements for foreign private issuers. We may also be required to make changes in our corporate governance
practices in accordance with various SEC rules and the NASDAQ listing standards. The regulatory and compliance costs to us of
complying with the reporting requirements applicable to a U.S. domestic issuer under U.S. securities laws may be higher than the
cost we have historically incurred as a foreign private issuer. In addition, if we were to lose our foreign private issuer status,
we would no longer qualify under the Canada-U.S. multijurisdictional disclosure system to benefit from being able to file registration
statements on Form F-10 (even if we satisfy the other conditions to eligibility), which could make it longer and more difficult
to register our securities and raise funds by way of public, registered offerings in the U.S., and we would become subject to
“baby shelf” rules that place limitations on our ability to issue an amount of securities above a certain threshold
depending on our market capitalization and public float at a given point in time. As a result, we would expect that a potential
loss of foreign private issuer status at some future point in time could increase our legal, financial reporting and accounting
compliance costs, and it is difficult at this time to estimate by how much our legal, financial reporting and accounting compliance
costs may increase in such eventuality.
Our
articles of incorporation contain “blank check” preferred share provisions, which could delay or impede an acquisition
of our company.
Our
articles of incorporation, as amended, authorize the issuance of an unlimited number of “blank check” preferred shares,
which could be issued by our board of directors (“Board”) without shareholder approval and which may contain liquidation,
dividend and other rights equivalent or superior to our Common Shares. In addition, we have implemented in our constating documents
an advance notice procedure for shareholder approvals to be brought before an annual meeting of our shareholders, including proposed
nominations of persons for election to our Board. These provisions, among others, whether alone or together, could delay or impede
hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management. Any provision of our constating documents that has the
effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our shareholders to receive a premium for
their Common Shares and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Common Shares.
Our
business could be negatively affected as a result of the actions of activist shareholders.
Proxy
contests have been waged against many companies in the biopharmaceutical industry over the last few years. If faced with a proxy
contest, we may not be able to successfully respond to the contest, which would be disruptive to our business. Even if we are
successful, our business could be adversely affected by a proxy contest because:
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responding
to proxy contests and other actions by activist shareholders may be costly and time-consuming, and may disrupt our operations
and divert the attention of management and our employees;
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perceived
uncertainties as to the potential outcome of any proxy contest may result in our inability to consummate potential acquisitions,
collaborations or in-licensing opportunities and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and
business partners; and
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if
individuals that have a specific agenda different from that of our management or other members of our board of directors are
elected to our Board as a result of any proxy contest, such an election may adversely affect our ability to effectively and
timely implement our strategic plan and to create value for our shareholders.
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Item 4.
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Information on the Company
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A.
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History and development of the Company
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We are a specialty biopharmaceutical company
engaged in commercializing novel pharmaceutical therapies, principally through out-licensing arrangements. We are a party
to a License Agreement with Novo to carry out development, manufacturing, registration, regulatory and supply chain services for
the commercialization of Macrilen™ (macimorelin), which is to be used in the diagnosis of patients with AGHD, in the U.S.
and Canada. In addition, we are actively pursuing business development opportunities for macimorelin in the ROW and to monetize
the value of our non-strategic assets.
We were incorporated
on September 12, 1990 under the Canada Business Corporations Act (the “CBCA”) and continue to be governed by
the CBCA. Our registered address is located at 5300 Commerce Court West, 199 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5L 1B9 c/o Stikeman
Elliott LLP; the telephone number for the registered address is (416) 869-5500. Our principal executive offices are located at
315 Sigma Drive, Summerville, South Carolina 29486; our telephone number is (843) 900-3223 and our website is www.zentaris.com.
None of the documents or information found on our website, or any other website referenced in this Annual Report on Form 20-F,
shall be deemed to be included in or incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 20-F, unless such document is specifically
incorporated herein by reference. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains
reports, proxy statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC.
On December 30, 2002, we acquired Zentaris
AG, a biopharmaceutical company based in Frankfurt, Germany. Zentaris AG was a spin-off of Asta Medica GmbH, a former pharmaceutical
company affiliated with Degussa AG.
In May 2004, we changed our name to Aeterna
Zentaris Inc., and on May 11, 2007, Zentaris GmbH was renamed Aeterna Zentaris GmbH. AEZS Germany conducts our drug development
efforts. Thereafter, in September 2007, we incorporated Aeterna Zentaris, Inc. under the laws of Delaware. This wholly-owned subsidiary,
which is based in the Charleston, South Carolina area, conducts certain of our administrative operations.
On November 17, 2015, we effected a 100-to-1
Share Consolidation (reverse stock split). Our Common Shares commenced trading on a consolidated and adjusted basis on both the
NASDAQ and the TSX on November 20, 2015.
On June 6, 2019, we announced that the Company
is reducing the size of its German workforce and operations to more closely reflect our ongoing commercial activities in Frankfurt,
Germany. This restructuring affected eight employees in Frankfurt, Germany. The restructuring was completed by January 31, 2020,
resulting in approximately $600,000 in severance costs.
On August 1, 2019, we filed a shelf registration
statement on Form F-3 with the SEC. Under the shelf registration statement we may sell certain combinations of securities described
in the applicable prospectus as offered, from time to time in one or more offerings, up to a total dollar amount of $45,000,000,
subject to restrictions under SEC rules.
On September 20, 2019, we entered into a securities
purchase agreement with institutional investors in the U.S. to purchase our Common Shares in a registered direct offering and warrants
to purchase our Common Shares in a concurrent private placement. The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $4.2 million.
Subsequent to 2019, on February 19, 2020, we
entered into a securities purchase agreement with institutional investors in the U.S. to purchase our Common Shares in a registered
direct offering and warrants to purchase our Common Shares in a concurrent private placement. The net proceeds from this offering
were approximately $3.9 million.
We currently have three wholly-owned direct
and indirect subsidiaries, AEZS Germany, based in Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Zentaris IVF GmbH, a direct wholly-owned subsidiary
of AEZS Germany based in Frankfurt am Main, Germany; and Aeterna Zentaris, Inc., an entity incorporated in the State of Delaware
with an office in the Charleston, South Carolina area in the U.S.
Our Common Shares are listed for trading on
both the NASDAQ and the TSX under the trading symbol “AEZS”.
Our agent for service of process and SEC matters
in the U.S. is our wholly-owned subsidiary, Aeterna Zentaris, Inc., located at 315 Sigma Drive, Summerville, South Carolina 29486.
There have been no principal capital expenditures
and divestures (including interest in other companies) during the last three financial years or as the date hereof.
There have been no public takeover offers by
third parties with respect to us or by us in respect of other companies’ shares during the last or current financial year.
Recent Developments
For a complete description of our recent corporate
and pipeline developments, refer to “Item 5. - Operating and Financial Review and Prospects - Key Developments”.
Our primary business strategy is to
finalize the development, manufacturing, registration and commercialization of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) through the License
Agreement in the U.S. and Canada. We continue to explore various alternatives to monetize our rights to Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
in other countries around the globe, by finding other license partners in these jurisdictions. Our vision is to become a growth-oriented
specialty biopharmaceutical company.
Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
Macrilen™ (macimorelin) is a
novel orally available peptidomimetic ghrelin receptor agonist that stimulates the secretion of growth hormone by binding to the
ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a) and that has potential uses in both endocrinology and oncology indications. Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
was granted orphan-drug designation by the FDA for use in evaluating growth hormone deficiency (“GHD”).
Competitors for Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
as a product for the diagnosis of AGHD are principally the diagnostic tests currently performed by endocrinologists, although none
of these tests are approved by the FDA for this purpose. The most commonly used diagnostic tests for GHD are:
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The Insulin Tolerance Test (“ITT”),
which has historically been considered the gold standard for the evaluation of AGHD because of its high sensitivity and specificity.
However, the ITT is inconvenient to both patients and physicians, administered intravenously (IV), and contra-indicated in certain
patients, such as patients with coronary heart disease or seizure disorder, because it requires the patient to experience hypoglycemia
to obtain an accurate result. Some physicians will not induce full hypoglycemia, intentionally compromising accuracy to increase
safety and comfort for the patient. Furthermore, administration of the ITT includes additional costs associated with the patient
being closely monitored by a physician for the two- to four-hour duration of the test and the test must be administered in a setting
where emergency equipment is available and where the patient may be quickly hospitalized. The ITT is not used for patients with
co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, seizure disorder or a history of brain cancer, or for patients who are elderly
and frail, due to safety concerns.
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The Glucagon Stimulation Test (“GST”)
is considered relatively safe by endocrinologists. The mechanism of action for this test is unclear. Also, this test takes up to
three to four hours. It produces side effects in up to one-third of the patients with the most common being nausea during and after
the test. This test is administered intramuscularly (“IM”).
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The GHRH + ARG test (growth hormone releasing
hormone-arginine stimulation) which is an easier test to perform in an office setting and has a good safety profile but is considered
to be costly to administer compared to the ITT and the GST. GHRH + ARG has been proposed to be the best alternative to ITT, but
GHRH is no longer available in the U.S. This test is administered intravenously (“IV”).
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Oral administration of Macrilen™
(macimorelin) offers convenience and simplicity over the current GHD tests used, all of which require either IV or IM administration.
Additionally, Macrilen™ (macimorelin) may demonstrate a more favorable safety profile than existing diagnostic tests, some
of which may be inappropriate for certain patient populations (e.g. patients with diabetes mellitus or coronary heart disease),
and have demonstrated a variety of side effects, which Macrilen™ (macimorelin) has not thus far. These factors may be limiting
the use of GHD testing and may potentially enable Macrilen™ (macimorelin) to become the product of choice in evaluating AGHD.
We believe that Macrilen™ (macimorelin) is well-positioned to displace the ITT as the preferred means by endocrinologists
of evaluating AGHD for the following reasons:
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it is safer and more convenient than the ITT
because it does not require the patient to become hypoglycemic;
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Macrilen™ (macimorelin) is administered
orally, while the ITT requires an intravenous injection of insulin;
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Macrilen™ (macimorelin) is a more robust
test than the ITT leading to evaluable test results;
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Macrilen™ (macimorelin) results are highly
reproducible;
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the evaluation of AGHD using Macrilen™
(macimorelin) is less time-consuming and labor-intensive than the ITT; and
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the evaluation can be conducted in the physician’s
office rather than in a hospital-like setting.
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We believe that approximately 15,000
– 20,000 AGHD tests will be conducted annually, in the U.S., after full market introduction of Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
In addition, based on published information from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, different scientific publications,
Huron, TVG and Navigant Research, we estimate that the total potential U.S. market for AGHD evaluation is in the range of 28,000
to 43,000 tests per year, excluding the evaluation of patients who have suffered traumatic brain injury (“TBI”). In
patients with TBI, GHD is frequent and may contribute to cognitive sequelae and reduction in quality of life. GHD may develop in
approximately 10% to 35% of TBI victims according to published study results. These data support a large upside potential for GHD
testing.
Development History
The following is a summary of the history of
our development of Macrilen™ (macimorelin):
2004 - 2014
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We out-licensed the development compound macimorelin acetate to Ardana
Bioscience in 2004. Ardana Bioscience subsequently initiated the clinical development program of macimorelin acetate as an orally
active compound intended to be used in the diagnosis of AGHD, however in 2008 Ardana Bioscience filed for bankruptcy so we terminated
the license and regained rights to the compound. On October 19th, 2009, we announced that we would continue the macimorelin clinical
development program for use in evaluating the AGHD and assumed the sponsorship of the IND application. On December 20, 2010, we
announced we had reached agreement with the FDA on a Special Protocol Assessment (“SPA”) for Macrilen™ (macimorelin),
enabling us to complete the ongoing registration study required to gain approval for use in evaluating AGHD. On July 26, 2011,
we announced the completion of the Phase 3 study of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) as a first oral product for use in evaluating
AGHD and the decision to meet with the FDA for the future filing of a New Drug Application (“NDA”) for the registration
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the U.S. On June 26, 2012, we announced that the final results from a Phase 3 trial for Macrilen™
(macimorelin) showed that the drug is safe and effective in evaluating AGHD. In November 2013, we filed an NDA for Macrilen™
(macimorelin) for the evaluation of AGHD by evaluating the pituitary gland secretion of growth hormone in response to an oral dose
of the product. The FDA accepted the NDA for substantive review in January 2014. On November 6, 2014, the FDA informed us, by issuing
a Complete Response Letter (“CRL”), that it had determined that our NDA could not be approved in its then present form.
The CRL stated that the planned analysis of our pivotal trial did not meet its stated primary efficacy objective as agreed to in
the SPA. The CRL further mentioned issues related to the lack of complete and verifiable source data for determining whether patients
were accurately diagnosed with AGHD. The FDA concluded that, “in light of the failed primary analysis and data deficiencies
noted, the clinical trial does not by itself support the indication.” To address the deficiencies identified above, the CRL
stated that we needed to demonstrate the efficacy of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) as a diagnostic test for GHD in a new, confirmatory
clinical study. The CRL also stated that a serious event of electrocardiogram QT interval prolongation occurred for which attribution
to drug could not be excluded. Therefore, a dedicated thorough QT study to evaluate the effect of macimorelin on the QT interval
would be necessary for FDA clearance and approval.
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2015 - present
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Following receipt of the CRL, we assembled a panel of experts in
the field of growth-hormone deficiency, including experts in the field from both the U.S. and the E.U. The panel met on January
8, 2015, during which we discussed our conclusions from the CRL, as well as the potential design of a new pivotal study. The panel
advised us to continue to seek approval for Macrilen™ (macimorelin) because of their confidence in its efficacy and because
there currently is no FDA-approved diagnostic test for AGHD. In parallel, we collected information on timelines and costs for such
a study.
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During an end-of-review meeting with the FDA on March 6, 2015, we
agreed with the FDA on the general design of the confirmatory Phase 3 study of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) for the evaluation
of AGHD, as well as evaluation criteria. We agreed with the FDA that the confirmatory study will be conducted as a two-way crossover
with the ITT as the benchmark comparator.
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On April 13, 2015, we announced plans to conduct a new, confirmatory
Phase 3 clinical study to demonstrate the efficacy of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) for the evaluation of AGHD, as well as a dedicated
thorough QT study to evaluate the effect of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) on myocardial repolarization. The confirmatory Phase
3 clinical study of Macrilen™ (macimorelin), entitled “Confirmatory validation of oral macimorelin as a growth hormone
stimulation test (“GHST”) for the diagnosis of AGHD in comparison with the insulin tolerance test (ITT)”, was
designed as a two-way crossover study with the ITT as the benchmark comparator and involved 31 sites in the U.S. and Europe. The
study population was planned to include at least 110 subjects (at least 55 ITT-positive and 55 ITT-negative) with a medical history
documenting risk factors for AGHD, and was planned to include a spectrum of subjects from those with a low risk of having AGHD
to those with a high risk of having the condition.
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On May 26, 2015, we announced that we had received written scientific advice from the EMA regarding the further development plan, including the study design, for the new confirmatory Phase 3 clinical study of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) for use in evaluating AGHD. As a result of the advice, we believe that the confirmatory Phase 3 study that was agreed with the FDA meets the EMA’s study-design expectations as well, allowing for U.S. and European approval, if the study is successful.
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On November 19, 2015, we announced the enrollment of the first patient in the confirmatory Phase 3 clinical study of Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
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On October 26, 2016, we announced completion of patient recruitment for the confirmatory Phase 3 clinical trial of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) as a GHST for the evaluation of AGHD. In addition, we completed the dedicated QT study as requested by the FDA in the CRL to evaluate the effect of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) on the QT interval.
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On January 4, 2017, we announced that, based on an analysis of top-line data, the confirmatory Phase 3 clinical trial of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) failed to achieve one of its co-primary endpoints. Under the study protocol, the evaluation of AGHD with Macrilen™ (macimorelin) would be considered successful, if the lower bound of the two-sided 95% confidence interval for the primary efficacy variables was 75% or higher for “percent negative agreement” with the ITT, and 70% or higher for the “percent positive agreement” with the ITT. While the estimated percent negative agreement met the success criteria, the estimated percent positive agreement did not reach the criteria for a successful outcome. Therefore, the results did not meet the pre-defined equivalence criteria which required success for both the percent negative agreement and the percent positive agreement.
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On February 13, 2017, we announced that, after reviewing the raw data on which the top-line data were based, we had concluded that Macrilen™ (macimorelin) had demonstrated performance supportive of achieving FDA registration and that we intended to pursue registration. The announcement set forth the facts on which our conclusion was based. The Company met with the FDA at the end of March 2017 to discuss this position.
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On March 7, 2017, we announced that the Pediatric Committee (“PDCO”) EMA agreed to the Company’s Pediatric Investigation Plan (“PIP”) for Macrilen™ (macimorelin) and agreed that the Company may defer conducting the PIP until after it files a Marketing Authorization Application (“MAA”) seeking marketing authorization for the use of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) for the evaluation of AGHD.
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On July 18, 2017, we were provided a PDUFA date of December 30, 2017 by the FDA.
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On November 27, 2017, the EMA accepted our MMA submission for Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
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On December 20, 2017, the FDA approved the market authorization for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), to be used in the diagnosis of patients with AGHD.
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On January 16, 2018, the Company, through AEZS Germany, entered into a License Agreement to carry out development, manufacturing, registration, regulatory and supply chain services for the commercialization of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the U.S. and Canada as further described below.
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In the August 2018, Volume 103, Issue 8 edition of The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, the pivotal Phase 3 data from the macimorelin confirmatory trial was published by Jose M. Garcia, MD, PhD, et al., titled ‘Macimorelin as a Diagnostic Test for Adult GH Deficiency’.
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On November 19, 2018, we announced the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (“CHMP”) of the EMA adopted a positive opinion recommending a marketing authorization for macimorelin.
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On January 16, 2019, we announced that the EC granted marketing authorization for macimorelin.
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On December 18, 2019, we announced that the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (“AACE”) and the American College of Endocrinology (“ACE”) published new “Guidelines for Management of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults and Patients Transitioning from Pediatric to Adult Care” (“Guidelines”). Theses AACE/ACE 2019 Guidelines identify macimorelin as a “shorter and simpler alternative” compared to the traditionally available GHST.
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On January 28, 2020, we announced successful completion of patient recruitment for the first pediatric study of macimorelin as a GHST for the evaluation of GHD in children.
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Macrilen™ (macimorelin) License
Agreement
On January 16, 2018, we entered into the License
Agreement which provides (i) for the “right to use” license relating to the Adult Indication, (ii) for the right to
acquire a license for the Pediatric Indication if and when the FDA approves a pediatric indication, (iii) that the licensee is
to fund 70% of the costs of a pediatric clinical trial submitted for approval to the EMA under the PIP to be run by the Company
with customary oversight from a joint steering committee (the “JSC”) and (iv) an interim supply arrangement (“Supply
Arrangement”). Strongbridge Ireland Limited (“Strongbridge”), effective December 19, 2018, sold the U.S. and
Canadian rights to Macrilen™ (macimorelin) to Novo for a payment plus tiered royalties on net sales. The service agreement
under which Novo agreed to fund Strongbridge’s Macrilen™ (macimorelin) field organization as a contract field force
to promote the product in the U.S. was terminated as of December 1, 2019.
(i) Adult Indication
Under the terms of the License Agreement, and
for as long as Macrilen™ (macimorelin) is patent-protected, the Company will be entitled to a 15% royalty on annual net sales
up to $75.0 million, and an 18% royalty on annual net sales above $75.0 million. Following the end of patent protection in the
U.S. or Canada for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), the Company will be entitled to a 5% royalty on net sales in that country. In
addition, the Company will receive one-time payments ranging from $4.0 million to $100.0 million upon the achievement of commercial
milestones going from $25.0 million annual net sales up to $500.0 million annual net sales.
In January 2018, the Company received a cash
payment of $24.0 million from Strongbridge and on July 23, 2018, Strongbridge launched product sales of Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
in the U.S. In 2018, the Company received royalty fees of $183,878 and in in the year ended December 31, 2019, received royalty
fees of $45,000 under the License Agreement.
(ii) Pediatric Indication
Upon approval by the FDA of a pediatric indication
for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), the Company will receive a one-time milestone payment from Novo of $5.0 million.
(iii) PIP Study
We have initiated an open label, single dose
trial to investigate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of macimorelin in pediatric patients from
two to less than 18 years of age with suspected GHD. Under the terms of the License Agreement, the licensee will pay 70% and the
Company will pay the remaining 30% of the research and development costs associated with the PIP. The Company invoiced $358,000
in 2018 and $979,000 in the year ended December 31, 2019, as the licensee’s share of the costs incurred by the Company under
the PIP.
(iv) Supply Arrangement
The Company agreed, in the Supply Arrangement
to the License Agreement, to supply ingredients for the manufacture of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) during an interim period at
a price that is set ‘at cost’ without any profit margin. The Company believes the stand-alone selling price of the
manufacturing ingredients to be their cost, as that approximates the amount at which Novo would be able to procure those same goods
with other suppliers.
In November 2019, Novo contracted AEZS Germany,
to provide supply chain services including API batch production and delivery of certain API and semi-finished goods, as well as
the provision of ongoing support activities. In 2019, the Company invoiced $1,159,000 (2018 – $2,167,000) and has received
payment in full of these invoices.
Rest of the world commercialization of
macimorelin
On January 16, 2019, we announced that the
EC had granted marketing authorization for macimorelin for the diagnosis of AGHD. AGHD may occur in an adult patient who has a
history of childhood onset GHD or may occur during adulthood as an acquired condition. Considering a population of 513 million
for the E.U. and the UK, research based on prevalence suggests that about 34,000 adults could be afflicted with GHD, with about
5,600 new cases per year. This milestone marks a key development in our European commercialization strategy and we are in discussions
with a variety of companies regarding licensing and/or distribution opportunities in the ROW, although there can be no assurances
that any such discussions will result in any definitive licensing and/or distribution arrangements.
Monetization of non-strategic assets
Opportunities for the Company to monetize non-strategic
assets include preclinical work done on AEZS-120, a prostate cancer vaccine and preclinical and clinical work done on AEZS-108
(zoptarelin doxorubicin) and AEZS-104 (perifosine).
Other
Our commercial operations were significantly
reduced in the fourth quarter of 2017. We eliminated our contract sales team in its entirety, as well as remaining sales management
in November 2017, in accordance with the terms of our agreement with inVentiv Commercial Services, LLC, an affiliate of inVentiv
Health, Inc. (“inVentiv”), a contract-sales organization. Our agreement with inVentiv commenced in November 2014.
Pursuant to termination of the inVentiv agreement,
we ended our co-promotion with EMD Serono, Inc. (“EMD Serono”) and Armune BioScience, Inc. (“Armune”).
Until September 1, 2016, we co-promoted a product,
EstroGel®, and until termination of our sales team in November 2017, the inVentiv sales force promoted two products:
Saizen® [somatropin (rDNA
origin) for injection] is a prescription medicine indicated for the treatment of GHD in children and adults. We promoted Saizen® pursuant
to our promotional services agreement (the “EMD Serono Agreement”) with EMD Serono Inc. which we entered into in May
2015 and amended as of December 31, 2016. The EMD Serono Agreement, as amended, provided that we were to promote Saizen® in
specific agreed-upon U.S. territories to adult and pediatric endocrinologists in exchange for a sales commission that was based
upon new patient starts of the product. The agreement was terminated in accordance with its terms in December 2017.
APIFINY® is the only cancer-specific,
non-PSA blood test for the evaluation of the risk of prostate cancer. The test was developed by Armune, a medical diagnostics company
that develops and commercializes unique proprietary technology exclusively licensed from the University of Michigan for diagnostic
and prognostic tests for cancer. We entered into a co-marketing agreement with Armune in November 2015 (the “Armune Agreement”),
which was amended effective as of June 1, 2016, which allowed us to exclusively promote APIFINY® throughout
the entire U.S. We received a commission for each test performed resulting from our targeted promotion without regard to any established
baseline. The Armune Agreement, as amended, had a three-year term that renewed automatically for successive one-year periods. The
parties agreed in January 2018 that the Armune Agreement was terminated.
ZoptrexTM is a complex molecule
that combines a synthetic peptide carrier with doxorubicin, a well-known chemotherapy agent. The synthetic peptide carrier is a
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (“LHRH”) agonist, a modified natural hormone with affinity for the LHRH receptor.
The design of the compound should allow for the specific binding and selective uptake of the cytotoxic conjugate by LHRH receptor-positive
tumors. On December 1, 2014, we have licensed the development, commercialization and certain other rights to Zoptrex™ to
Sinopharm A-Think for China, Hong Kong and Macau; on July 1, 2016, to an affiliate of Orient EuroPharma Co., Ltd. for Taiwan and
southeast Asia; on July 31, 2016, to Rafa Laboratories, Ltd for Israel and the Palestinian territories and on December 12, 2016,
to Specialised Therapeutics Asia Pte Ltd for Australia and New Zealand (collectively, the “Zoptrex Agreement”).
Geographic Areas
A description of the principal geographic
areas in which we compete, including a geographical and categorical breakdown of our revenues in the past three years, is presented
in note 25 (Segment information) to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 20-F at Item 18.
Seasonality
As a specialty biopharmaceutical company, the
Company does not consider any of its products or services to be seasonal.
Raw Materials
Raw materials and supplies are generally
available in quantities adequate to meet the needs of our business. We will be dependent on third-party manufacturers for the pharmaceutical
products that we or our licensees will market. An interruption in the availability of certain raw materials or ingredients, or
significant increases in the prices paid by us for them, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition,
liquidity and operating results.
Regulation of Drug Development
Generally. Governmental authorities
in the U.S., Canada, Europe and other countries extensively regulate the preclinical and clinical testing, manufacturing, labeling,
storage, record keeping, advertising, promotion, export, marketing and distribution, among other things, of pharmaceuticals. Under
the laws of the U.S., the countries of the E.U., and other countries, we are subject to obligations to ensure that our clinical
trials are conducted in accordance with GCP guidelines and the investigational plan and protocols contained in an IND application,
or comparable foreign regulatory submission. Set forth below is a brief summary of the material governmental regulations affecting
us in the major markets in which we intend to market our products and/or promote products that we acquire or in-license or to which
we obtain promotional rights.
The United States. In the
U.S., the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (“CDER”) under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
of 1938, as amended (the “FDCA”), the Public Health Service Act and other federal statutes and regulations, subjects
pharmaceutical products to rigorous review. In order to market and sell a new drug product in the U.S., we must first test it and
send CDER evidence from these tests to prove that the drug is safe and effective for its intended use. In most cases, these tests
include extensive preclinical, clinical, and laboratory tests. A team of CDER physicians, statisticians, chemists, pharmacologists,
and other scientists reviews the company’s data and proposed labeling. If this independent and unbiased review establishes
that a drug’s health benefits outweigh its known risks, the drug is approved for sale. CDER does not test the drug itself
but it does conduct limited research in the areas of drug quality, safety, and effectiveness standards. Before approving a new
drug or marketing application, the FDA may conduct pre-approval inspections of the developer of the drug (the “sponsor”),
its CROs and/or its clinical trial sites to ensure that clinical, safety, quality control, and other regulated activities are compliant
with GCP, or Good Laboratory Practices (“GLP”), for specific non-clinical toxicology studies. Manufacturing facilities
used to produce a product are also subject to ongoing inspection by the FDA. The FDA may also require confirmatory trials, post-marketing
testing, and/or extra surveillance to monitor the effects of approved products, or place conditions on any approvals that could
restrict the commercial applications of a product. Once approved, the labeling, advertising, promotion, marketing, and distribution
of a drug or biologic product must be in compliance with FDA regulatory requirements.
The first stage required for ultimate
FDA approval of a new biologic or drug involves completion of preclinical studies whereby a sponsor must test new drugs on animals
for toxicity. Multiple species are used to gather basic information on the safety and efficacy of the compound being investigated
and/or researched. The FDA regulates preclinical studies under a series of regulations called the current GLP regulations as well
as regulatory requirements found in Part 21 subchapter D of the Code of Federal Regulations. If the sponsor violates these regulations,
the FDA may require that the sponsor replicate those studies or can subject the sponsor to enforcement actions or penalties as
described further below. The sponsor then submits to the FDA an IND application based on the results from initial testing that
include the drug’s composition and manufacturing, along with a plan for testing the drug on humans. The FDA reviews the IND
to ensure that the proposed studies (clinical trials) do not place human subjects at unreasonable risk of harm. FDA also verifies
that there are adequate informed consent and human subject protections in place.
After a sponsor submits an IND application,
it must wait 30 days before starting a clinical trial to allow FDA time to review the prospective study. If FDA finds a problem,
it can order a clinical hold to delay an investigation, or interrupt a clinical trial if problems occur during the study. After
the IND application is in effect, a sponsor may commence human clinical trials. The sponsor typically conducts human clinical trials
in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap. In Phase 1 trials, the sponsor tests the product in a small number of patients
or healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 healthy volunteers), primarily for safety at one or more doses. The goal in this phase is
to determine what the drug’s most frequent side effects are and, often, how the drug is metabolized and excreted. Phase 2
studies begin if Phase 1 studies do not reveal unacceptable toxicity. In Phase 2, in addition to safety, the sponsor evaluates
the efficacy of the product in a patient population somewhat larger than Phase 1 trials. The number of subjects in Phase 2 studies
typically ranges from a few dozen to about 300. This phase aims to obtain preliminary data on whether a drug works in people who
have a certain disease or condition. At the end of Phase 2, the FDA and sponsor try to come to an agreement on how large-scale
studies in Phase 3 should be done.
Phase 3 studies begin if evidence
of effectiveness is shown in Phase 2. Phase 3 trials typically involve additional testing for safety and clinical efficacy in an
expanded population at geographically dispersed test sites. The sponsor must submit to the FDA a clinical plan, or “protocol”,
accompanied by the approval of the institutions participating in the trials, prior to commencement of each clinical trial. The
FDA may order the temporary or permanent discontinuation of a clinical trial at any time. In the case of product candidates for
cancer, the initial human testing may be done in patients with the disease rather than in healthy volunteers. Because these patients
are already afflicted with the target disease, such studies may provide results traditionally obtained in Phase 2 studies. Accordingly,
these studies are often referred to as “Phase 1/2” studies as they combine two phases. Even if patients participate
in initial human testing and a Phase 1/2 study is carried out, the sponsor is still responsible for obtaining all the data usually
obtained in both Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies.
The sponsor must submit to the FDA
the results of the preclinical and clinical testing, together with, among other things, detailed information on the manufacture
and composition of the product, in the form of an NDA or, in the case of a biologic, a Biologics License Applications (“BLA”).
In a process that can take a year or more, the FDA reviews this application and, when and if it decides that adequate data are
available to show that the new compound is both safe and effective for a particular indication and that other applicable requirements
have been met, approves the drug or biologic for marketing. The amount of time taken for this approval process is a function of
a number of variables, including the quality of the submission and studies presented and the potential contribution that the compound
will make in improving the treatment of the disease in question.
Orphan-drug designation is granted
by the FDA Office of Orphan Drug Products to novel drugs or biologics that are intended for the safe and effective treatment, diagnosis
or prevention of rare diseases or disorders that affect fewer than 200,000 people in the U.S., or that affect more than 200,000
people but are not expected to recover the costs of developing and marketing a treatment drug. The designation provides the sponsor
with a seven-year period of U.S. marketing exclusivity if the drug is the first of its type approved for the specified indication
or if it demonstrates superior safety, efficacy or a major contribution to patient care versus another drug of its type previously
granted the designation for the same indication. We have been granted orphan drug designations for Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
for the evaluation of GHD.
Under the Drug Price Competition
and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (the “Hatch-Waxman Act”), newly-approved drugs and indications may benefit
from a statutory period of non-patent data exclusivity. The Hatch-Waxman Act provides five-year data exclusivity to the first applicant
to gain approval of an NDA for a new chemical entity (“NCE”) meaning that the FDA has not previously approved any other
drug containing the same active pharmaceutical ingredient, or active moiety. Although protection under the Hatch-Waxman Act will
not prevent the submission or approval of another full NDA, such an NDA applicant would be required to conduct its own preclinical
and adequate, well-controlled clinical trials to demonstrate safety and effectiveness.
The Hatch-Waxman Act also provides
three years of data exclusivity for the approval of new and supplemental NDAs, including Section 505(b)(2) applications, for, among
other things, new indications, dosage forms, routes of administration, or strengths of an existing drug, or for a new use, if new
clinical investigations that were conducted or sponsored by the sponsor are determined by the FDA to be essential to the approval
of the application. This exclusivity, which is sometimes referred to as clinical investigation exclusivity, would not prevent the
approval of another application if the sponsor has conducted its own adequate, well-controlled clinical trials demonstrating safety
and efficacy, nor would it prevent approval of a generic product that did not incorporate the exclusivity-protected changes of
the approved drug product.
The labeling, advertising, promotion,
marketing, and distribution of a drug or biologic product must be in compliance with FDA regulatory requirements. Failure to comply
with applicable requirements can lead to the FDA demanding that production and shipment cease and, in some cases, that the manufacturer
recall products, or to enforcement actions that can include seizures, injunctions, and criminal prosecution. These failures can
also lead to FDA withdrawal of approval to market a product.
Canada. In Canada, the Therapeutic
Products Directorate of Health Canada is the Canadian federal authority that regulates pharmaceutical drugs and medical devices
for human use. Prior to being given market authorization, a sponsor must present substantive scientific evidence of a product’s
safety, efficacy and quality as required by the Food and Drugs Act and other legislation and regulations. The requirements for
the development and sale of pharmaceutical drugs in Canada are substantially similar to those in the U.S., which are described
above.
The European Union. Medicines
can be authorized in the E.U. by using either the centralized authorization procedure or national authorization procedures. The
E.U. has implemented a centralized procedure coordinated by the EMA for the approval of human medicines, which results in a single
marketing authorization issued by the EC that is valid across the E.U., as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. The centralized
procedure is compulsory for human medicines that are derived from biotechnology processes, such as genetic engineering, that contain
a new active substance indicated for the treatment of certain diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders
or autoimmune diseases and other immune dysfunctions, and designated orphan medicines. For medicines that do not fall within these
categories, an applicant has the option of submitting an application for a centralized marketing authorization to the EMA, as long
as the medicine concerned is a significant therapeutic, scientific or technical innovation, or if its authorization would be in
the interest of public health.
There are also two other possible
routes to authorize medicinal products in several EU countries, which are available for investigational drug products that fall
outside the scope of the centralized procedure:
● Decentralized
procedure. Using the decentralized procedure, a sponsor may apply for simultaneous authorization in more than one EU
country of medicinal products that have not yet been authorized in any EU country and that do not fall within the mandatory
scope of the centralized procedure. The application will be reviewed by a selected Reference Member State
(“RMS”). The Marketing Authorization granted by the RMS will then be recognized by the other Member States
involved in this procedure.
● Mutual
recognition procedure. In the mutual recognition procedure, a medicine is first authorized in one EU Member State, in
accordance with the national procedures of that country. Following this, further marketing authorizations can be sought from
other EU countries in a procedure whereby the countries concerned agree to recognize the validity of the original, national
marketing authorization.
Regulation of Commercial Operations
The marketing, promotional, and pricing
practices of human pharmaceutical manufacturers, as well as the manner in which manufacturers interact with purchasers and prescribers,
are subject to various U.S. federal and state laws, including the federal anti-kickback statute and the False Claims Act and state
laws governing kickbacks, false claims, unfair trade practices, and consumer protection, and to similar laws in other countries.
In the U.S., these laws are administered by, among others, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the Office of Inspector
General of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Federal Trade Commission, the Office of Personnel Management and state
attorneys general. Over the past several years, the FDA, the DOJ and many other agencies have increased their enforcement activities
with respect to pharmaceutical companies and increased the inter-agency coordination of enforcement activities.
In the U. S., biopharmaceutical and
medical device manufacturers are required to record any transfers of value made to licensed physicians and teaching hospitals and
to disclose such data to the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”). In addition to civil penalties for failure
to report transfers of value to physicians or teaching hospitals, there will be criminal penalties if a manufacturer intentionally
makes false statements or excludes information in such reports. The payment data across biopharmaceutical and medical device companies
is posted by HHS on a publicly available website. Increased access to such data by fraud and abuse investigators, industry critics
and media will draw attention to our collaborations with reported entities and will importantly provide opportunities to underscore
the critical nature of our collaborations for developing new medicines and exchanging scientific information. This national payment
transparency effort coupled with industry commitment to uphold voluntary codes of conduct (such as the PhRMA Code on Interactions
with Healthcare Professionals and PhRMA Guiding Principles Direct to Consumer Advertisements About Prescription Medicines) and
rigorous internal training and compliance efforts will complement existing laws and regulations to help ensure ethical collaboration
and truthful product communications.
The Canadian association of Research-Based
Pharmaceutical Companies (“Rx & D”) has adopted “Guidelines for Transparency in Stakeholder Funding”
that require member companies to regularly disclose, by means of the web sites and annual reports, a list of all stakeholders to
which they provide direct funding. The term “stakeholder” is defined in Rx & D’s Code of Ethical Practices
to include “Health Care Professionals”. In the E.U., the disclosure code of transfers of value to healthcare professionals
and organizations adopted by the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (“EFPIA”) requires
all members of EFPIA to disclose transfers of value to healthcare professionals and healthcare organizations beginning in 2016,
covering the relevant transfers in 2015. Each member company will be required to document and disclose: (i) the names of healthcare
professionals and associations that have received payments or other transfers of value and (ii) the amounts or value transferred,
and the type of relationship.
For more information about the regulatory
risks associated with our business operations, see “Item 3D. Risk Factors”.
Intellectual Property - Patents
We seek to protect our compounds, manufacturing
processes, compositions and methods of medical use for our lead drugs and drug candidates through a combination of patents, trade
secrets and know-how. Our patent portfolio consists of approximately 6 owned and in-licensed patent families (issued, granted or
pending in the U.S., Europe and other jurisdictions). The patent positions of companies in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical
industries are highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Therefore, we cannot predict the breadth of claims,
if any, that may be allowed under any of our patent applications, or the enforceability of any of our allowed patents. See “Item
3.D. Risk Factors - We may not obtain adequate protection for our products through our intellectual property.”
Patents extend for varying periods
according to the date of patent filing or grant and the legal term of patents in the various countries where patent protection
is obtained. The actual protection afforded by a patent, which can vary from country to country, depends on the type of patent,
the scope of its coverage and the availability of legal remedies in the country. In the U.S., the patent term of a patent that
covers an FDA-approved drug may also be eligible for patent term extension, which permits patent term restoration as compensation
for the patent term lost during the FDA regulatory review process. The Hatch-Waxman Act permits a patent term extension of up to
five years beyond the expiration of the patent, in which the patentee may file an application for yearly interim extensions within
five years if the patent will expire and the FDA has not yet approved the NDA. The length of the patent term extension is related
to the length of time the drug is under regulatory review. Patent extension cannot extend the remaining term of a patent beyond
a total of 14 years from the date of product approval and only one patent applicable to an approved drug may be extended.
Similar provisions are available in
Europe and other foreign jurisdictions to extend the term of a patent that covers an approved drug. In these jurisdictions, however,
no interim extensions exist and the marketing approval must be granted before the patent expires. In the future, we expect to apply
for patent term extensions on patents covering those products, outside the U.S. While we anticipate that any such applications
for patent term extensions will likely be granted, we cannot predict the precise length of time for which such patent terms would
be extended in the U.S., Europe or other jurisdictions. If we are not able to secure patent term extensions on patents covering
our products for meaningful periods of additional time, we may not achieve or sustain profitability, which would adversely affect
our business.
In addition to patent protection, our
products may benefit from the market-exclusivity provisions contained in the orphan-drug regulations or the pediatric-exclusivity
provisions or other provisions of the FDA Act, such as a NCE exclusivity or new formulation exclusivity. Orphan drug regulations
provide incentives to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to develop and manufacture drugs for the treatment of rare diseases,
currently defined as diseases that exist in fewer than 200,000 individuals in the U.S., or diseases that affect more than 200,000
individuals in the U.S. but that the sponsor does not realistically anticipate will generate a net profit. Under these provisions,
a manufacturer of a designated orphan drug can seek tax benefits, and the holder of the first FDA approval of a designated orphan
product will be granted a seven-year period of marketing exclusivity for such FDA-approved orphan product. In the U.S., the FDA
has the authority to grant additional data protection for approved drugs where the sponsor conducts specified testing in pediatric
or adolescent populations. If granted, this pediatric exclusivity provides an additional six months which are added to the term
of data protection as well as to the term of any relevant patents, to the extent these protections have not already expired. We
may also seek to utilize market exclusivities in other territories, such as in the E.U. There can be no assurance that any of our
drug candidates will obtain such orphan drug designation, pediatric exclusivity, a NCE exclusivity or any other market exclusivity
in the U.S., the E.U. or any other territory, or that we will be the first to receive the regulatory approval in a given country
or territory for such drugs so as to be eligible for any market exclusivity protection.
Macrilen™ (macimorelin):
We hold the worldwide rights to macimorelin
pursuant to an exclusive license agreement with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, as licensor, and AEZS
Germany, as licensee. Macrilen™ is the approved trademark for macimorelin as licensed under the License Agreement for commercialization
in the U.S. and Canada, only.
The following patents and patent applications
relate to macimorelin:
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U.S. patent 6,861,409 covers macimorelin and
U.S. patent 7,297,681 covers other related growth hormone secretagogue compounds, each also covering pharmaceutical compositions
comprising the compounds as well as their medical use for elevating the plasma level of growth hormone. U.S. patent 6,861,409 and
U.S. patent 7,297,681 both expire in August 2022.
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European patent 1 289 951 covers macimorelin
and European patent 1 344 773 covers other related growth hormone secretagogue compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising
the compounds as well as their medical use for elevating the plasma level of growth hormone. EP patent 1 289 951 and EP patent
1 344 773 both expire in June 2021.
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Japanese patent 3 522 265 covers macimorelin
and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds as well as their medical use for elevating the plasma level of growth
hormone. This patent expires in June 2021.
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Canadian patent 2,407,659 covers macimorelin
and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds as well as their medical use for elevating the plasma level of growth
hormone. This patent expires in June 2021.
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U.S. patent 8,192,719 covers a method of assessing
pituitary-related GHD in a human or animal subject comprising an oral administration of the compound macimorelin and determination
of the level of growth hormone in the sample and assessing whether the level of growth hormone in the sample is indicative of GHD.
This patent expires in October 2027.
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European patent 1 984 744 covers a method of
assessing pituitary-related GHD by oral administration of macimorelin. This patent expires in February 2027.
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Japanese patent 4 852 728 covers a method of
assessing pituitary-related GHD by oral administration of macimorelin. This patent expires in February 2027.
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U.S. provisional patent applications Serial No.
62/607,866 was filed on December 19, 2017 and Serial No. 62/609,059 was filed on December 21, 2017. Both are identical and
are directed to a method of assessing GHD comprising oral administration of a macimorelin containing composition and collecting
one or two post-administration samples.
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The non-provisional U.S. application 15/993,507
was filed on May 30, 2018 drawing the priority of both provisional applications. The related U.S. patent 10,288,629 was granted
on May 14, 2019, and will expire on May 30, 2038.
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A PCT application was filed December 18, 2018
drawing the priority of both provisional U.S. applications. In addition to the method of assessing GHD comprising oral administration
of a macimorelin containing composition and collecting one or two post-administration samples, the PCT application also covers
a similar method of assessing GHD using 3 post-administration samples.
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Zoptrex™
We have licensed the intellectual property
and associated rights relating to LHRH agonists and LHRH antagonists carrying various cytotoxic radicals (including zoptarelin
doxorubicin) from the Administrators of the Tulane Educational Fund (“Tulane”) pursuant to a license agreement dated
September 17, 2002 between Tulane, as licensor, and AEZS Germany, as licensee (the “Tulane Agreement”). The Tulane
Agreement grants to us an exclusive worldwide license for all therapeutic uses of LHRH agonists and LHRH antagonists carrying various
cytotoxic radicals, to the extent covered by one of the licensed patents. The term of the Tulane Agreement continues for ten years
after the first commercial sale of a product based on the licensed intellectual property (a “Licensed Product”) or
until the expiration of the last to expire of the licensed patents, whichever is longer, on a country-by- country basis.
Pursuant to the Tulane Agreement, we
are required to pay Tulane the following amounts: (i) $400,000 upon the first grant of regulatory approval for a Licensed Product
in the U.S., Canada, the E.U. or Japan; (ii) 10% of all consideration received by us from a sublicensee for authorization to use
the licensed intellectual property to develop, manufacture, market, distribute and sell a Licensed Product; (iii) 2.5% of our net
sales of Licensed Products; and (iv) 50% of any royalties that we receive from a sublicensee with respect to its net sales of Licensed
Products; provided, however, that the payment with respect to royalties received from a sublicensee shall not be less than 1.75%
nor more than 2.5% of the sublicensee’s net sales of the Licensed Product.
All patents covered by the Tulane Agreement
expired by November 2016. In early 2015, we filed a European patent application directed to a novel method of manufacturing Zoptrex™.
Within the 12 months priority period, we also filed an international patent application for the manufacturing process, as well
as national patent applications in selected countries, including the U.S., China, and Taiwan, Japan and India. As a consequence
of the negative Phase 3 ZoptEC study received in April 2017, we ceased further Zoptrex™ (zoptarelin doxorubicin) development
and intellectual property filings and maintenance.
Disorazol Z - LHRH conjugates (AEZS-138):
We own a number of patents that relate to our
Disorazol Z - LHRH conjugates. As a consequence of the negative Phase III ZoptEC study received in April 2017, we ceased further
Disorazol Z - LHRH conjugate development and intellectual property filings.
C.
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Organizational structure
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Our corporate structure, the jurisdiction of incorporation of our
direct and indirect subsidiaries and the percentage of shares that we held in those subsidiaries as at December 31, 2019 is depicted
in the chart set forth under the caption “Item 4.A. History and development of the Company”.
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D.
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Property, plant and equipment
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Our registered address is located in Toronto,
Canada. Our corporate head office is located in Summerville, South Carolina, which is a suburb of Charleston, South Carolina and
our largest office is located in Frankfurt, Germany. We do not own any real property. The following table sets forth information
with respect to our main facilities as at December 31, 2019.
Location
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Use of space
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Square Footage
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Type of interest
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315 Sigma Drive, Summerville SC 29486
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Occupied for administration
|
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168
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Leasehold
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Weismüllerstr. 50
D-60314
Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
|
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Occupied for management, R&D, business development and administration
|
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30,343
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Leasehold
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We believe that our current facilities are
adequate to meet our ongoing needs.
Item 4A
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Unresolved Staff Comments
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Not required.
Item 5.
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Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
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Key Developments
Financing activities
On September 20, 2019, the Company entered
into a securities purchase agreement with U.S. institutional investors to purchase $5.0 million (before transaction costs of $0.8
million) of our Common Shares for $1.50 per share in a registered direct offering and warrants to purchase Common Shares in a concurrent
private placement. Under the terms of the securities purchase agreement, the Company sold 3,325,000 Common Shares. In a concurrent
private placement, the Company issued warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,325,000 Common Shares. The warrants are exercisable
commencing six months from the date of issuance, have an exercise price of $1.65 per share and expire five years following the
date of issuance.
Subsequent to 2019, on February 21, 2020,
the Company closed a registered direct offering for 3,478,261 Common Shares, at a purchase price of $1.29375 per share, priced
at-the-market. Additionally, the Company issued to the investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,608,696
Common Shares in a concurrent private placement. The warrants have an exercise price of $1.20 per Common Share, are exercisable
immediately and will expire five and one-half years following the date of issuance. The net cash proceeds to the Company from
the offering totaled approximately $3.9 million. The Company also issued 243,478 warrants to the placement agent with an exercise
price of $1.61719 per Common Share, which are exercisable immediately and will expire five years following the date of issuance.
Commercialization of Macrilen™
(macimorelin) in the U.S. and Canada
On January 16, 2018, the Company through AEZS
Germany entered into the License Agreement with Strongbridge to carry out development, manufacturing, registration, regulatory
and supply chain services for the commercialization of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the U.S. and Canada, which provides for
(i) the “right to use” license relating to the Adult Indication; (ii) the sale of the right to acquire a license of
a future pediatric indication approved by the FDA; (iii) the licensee to fund 70% of the costs of a pediatric clinical trial submitted
for approval to the EMA and FDA (the “PIP Study”) to be run by the Company with customary oversight from a JSC; and
(iv) an interim supply arrangement (the “Supply Arrangement”). Product sales of Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
began on July 23, 2018 by Strongbridge. Effective December 19, 2018, Strongbridge was sold to Novo.
Following Novo’s acquisition of the U.S.
and Canadian rights to Macrilen™ (macimorelin), the JSC met in January, May, August and December 2019 to discuss Novo’s
commercialization plan for the U.S. and Canada, their supply chain needs and the enrollment of patients and protocols of the PIP
Study. The Company expects that quarterly meetings will continue as forecasts for sales, inventory build and needs for the PIP
Study progresses.
On December 18, 2019, the Company
announced that the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (“AACE”) and American College of
Endocrinology (“ACE”) recently published the new ‘Guidelines for Management of Growth Hormone
Deficiency in Adults and Patients transitioning from Pediatric to Adult Care’. These AACE/ACE 2019
Guidelines (publicly available at (https://journals.aace.com/doi/10.4158/GL-2019-0405) identify macimorelin as a
“shorter and simpler alternative” compared to the traditionally available growth hormone stimulation tests
(“GHSTs”). For further details, refer to the text of the guideline. Full citation: AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY IN
ADULTS AND PATIENTS TRANSITIONING FROM PEDIATRIC TO ADULT CARE Kevin C. J. Yuen, Beverly M. K. Biller, Sally Radovick, John
D. Carmichael, Sina Jasim, Kevin M. Pantalone, and Andrew R. Hoffman Endocrine Practice 2019 25:11, 1191-1232
Royalty income earned under the License Agreement
for the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2019 was $0.05 million (2018 - $0.2 million) and, during the twelve-month
period ended December 31, 2019, the Company invoiced Novo $1.0 million for its share of PIP Study costs (2018 - $0.4 million).
The Company agreed, in the Supply Arrangement
to the License Agreement, to supply ingredients for the manufacture of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) during an interim period at
a price that is set ‘at cost’ without any profit margin. In November 2019, Novo contracted AEZS Germany, to provide
supply chain services including API batch production and delivery of certain API and semi-finished goods, as well as the provision
of ongoing support activities. In 2019, the Company invoiced $1.2 million (2018 – $2.2 million) and has received payment
in full of these invoices.
Rest of the world commercialization of
macimorelin
On January 16, 2019, we announced that the
EC granted marketing authorization for macimorelin for the diagnosis of AGHD. We believe that this marks an important development
in our European commercialization strategy based on our research evaluating the potential number of GHSTs in adults in Europe.
We are in discussions with a variety of companies regarding licensing and/or distribution opportunities in the ROW, although there
can be no assurances that any such discussions will result in any definitive licensing and/or distribution arrangements.
Pediatric clinical trial for Macrilen™
(macimorelin)
Subsequent to 2019, on January 28, 2020, the
Company announced the successful completion of patient recruitment for the first pediatric study of macimorelin as a GHST for the
evaluation of GHD in children. This study, AEZS-130-P01 (“Study P01”), is the first of two studies as agreed with the
European Medicines Agency in the Company’s PIP for macimorelin. Macimorelin, a ghrelin agonist, is an orally active small
molecule that stimulates the secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland into the circulatory system. The goal of Study
P01 is to establish a dose that can both be safely administered to pediatric patients and cause a clear rise in growth hormone
concentration in subjects ultimately diagnosed as not having GHD. The recommended dose derived from Study P01 will be evaluated
in the pivotal second study AEZS-130-P02 (“Study P02”) on diagnostic efficacy and safety. Study P01 is an international,
multicenter study which is being conducted in Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, Serbia, Belarus and Russia. Study P01 is an open label,
group comparison, dose escalation trial designed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic(“PK/PD”)
of macimorelin acetate after ascending single oral doses of macimorelin at 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg per kg body weight in pediatric
patients from 2 to less than 18 years of age with suspected GHD. We enrolled a total of 24 pediatric patients across the three
cohorts of the study. Per study protocol, all enrolled patients will complete four study visits after successful completion of
the screening period. At Visit 1 and Visit 3, a provocative GH stimulation test will be conducted according to the study sites’
local practices. At Visit 2, the macimorelin test will be performed: following the oral administration of the macimorelin solution,
blood samples will be taken at predefined times for PK/PD assessment. Visit 4 is a safety follow-up visit at study end.
Study P01 is the first of two studies as agreed
with the EMA in the Company’s PIP for macimorelin as a GHD diagnostic. Study P01 final study results are expected in the
second quarter of 2020. Thereafter, we plan to proceed with the pivotal Study P02 with expected start date in the fourth quarter
of 2020 and an expected completion date in July 2022, according to the PIP agreement with EMA.
Changes in personnel
On June 6, 2019, the Company announced that
it was reducing the size of its German workforce and operations to more closely reflect the Company’s ongoing commercial
activities. AEZS Germany and its Works Council approved a restructuring that affected 8 employees and was completed on
January 31, 2020, resulting in approximately $0.6 million in severance costs.
In July 2019, Michael Ward resigned as managing director of
AEZS Germany and Dr. Klaus Paulini assumed this role. In August 2019, Jonathan Pollack resigned as a director and, in September
2019, Brian Garrison, resigned as a Senior Vice President, Global Commercial Operations of Aeterna Zentaris. On October 4,
2019, we announced the appointment of Dr. Klaus Paulini as President and Chief Executive Officer of Aeterna Zentaris, replacing
Michael Ward. Dr. Paulini was also appointed as a director of Aeterna Zentaris at that time.
On December 16, 2019, the Company announced
changes to its director composition planned for the first quarter of 2020. Mr. Gilles Gagnon (M.Sc., MBA, ICD.D) joined the Board
of the Company on January 1, 2020. Mr. Gérard Limoges, who has served on the Board of the Company since 2004, is planning
to retire from the Board on March 31, 2020, and, upon his retirement, Mr. Pierre-Yves Desbiens (CPA, CA, CF, MBA) is joining
the Board on April 1, 2020 and replaces Mr. Limoges as Chair of the Audit Committee.
NASDAQ notifications
On January 8, 2020, the Company announced
that it had received a notification letter from the NASDAQ indicating that, because the closing bid price of the Company’s
common stock for 30 consecutive business days was below $1.00 per share, the Company no longer meets the minimum bid price requirement
set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule5550(a)(2). NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the minimum bid
price requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days. On January 23, 2020, the Company
received a letter from the NASDAQ stating that because the Company’s shares had a closing bid price at $1.00 per
share or greater for a minimum of ten (10) consecutive business days, Aeterna Zentaris’ stock has regained compliance with
the Bid Price Rule and the NASDAQ considers the matter closed. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 20-F, the
Company’s closing bid price was below $1.00. See “Item 3.D. Risk factors—Our Common Shares may be delisted
from the NASDAQ or the TSX, which could affect their market price and liquidity. If our Common Shares were to be delisted, investors
may have difficulty in disposing their Common Shares.”
Settlement of Class-Action Lawsuit
On March 9, 2020, the Company settled
the previously disclosed class-action lawsuit against it pending in the U.S. District Court for New Jersey. The settlement
payment of $6.5 million will be funded entirely by our insurers. The class-action lawsuit alleged that the Company and certain
of its former officers and directors violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with certain public statements
between August 30, 2011 and November 6, 2014, regarding the safety and efficacy of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) and the prospects
for the approval of the Company’s NDA for the product by the FDA. This settlement remains subject to execution of final
settlement documents and approval by the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey.
Exposure
to Epidemic or Pandemic Outbreak
As of March 25, 2020, coronavirus
or COVID-19, a contagious disease that has been characterized by the World Health Organization as a pandemic, is affecting the
global community and is adversely affecting our business operations, which at this time cannot currently be fully determined or
quantified. Aeterna Zentaris has developed protocols and procedures should they be required to deal with any potential epidemics
and pandemics, and has put these protocols and procedures in place to address the current COVID-19 pandemic. Despite appropriate
steps being taken to mitigate such risks, there can be no assurance that existing policies and procedures will ensure that the
Company’s operations will not be adversely affected.
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted
in a widespread health crisis that has adversely affected the economies and financial markets of many regions and countries. While
the COVID-19 outbreak may still be in its early stages, international stock markets have begun to reflect the uncertainty associated
with the potential economic impact of the outbreak and the significant declines in the TSX Composite Index, the NASDAQ and other
major indices around the world in the latter part of February and in March 2020 has largely been attributed to the effects of
COVID-19. There can be no assurance that a disruption in financial markets, regional economies and the world economy would not
negatively affect Aeterna Zentaris’ access to capital or the financial performance of the Company.
Uncertain factors, including the duration
of the outbreak, the severity of the disease and the actions to contain or treat its impact, could impair our operations including,
among other things, employee mobility and productivity, availability of our facilities, conduct of our clinical trials and the
availability and the productivity of third party product and service suppliers. Please see the Risk Factor entitled “The
economic effects of a pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease could adversely affect our operations or the market
price of our Common Shares” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Monetization of non-strategic assets
Opportunities for the Company to monetize non-strategic assets
include preclinical work done on AEZS-120, a prostate cancer vaccine and preclinical and clinical work done on AEZS-108 (zoptarelin
doxorubicin) and AEZS-104 (perifosine).
A. Operating Results
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive
Loss Information
|
|
Three months ended December 31,
|
|
|
Years ended
December 31,
|
|
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
License fees
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
(332
|
)
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
24,325
|
|
|
|
458
|
|
Product sales
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,446
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
2,167
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Royalty income
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Sales commission
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
110
|
|
|
|
465
|
|
Supply chain
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|
|
94
|
|
|
|
284
|
|
|
|
95
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
1,392
|
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
|
26,881
|
|
|
|
923
|
|
Operating expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
309
|
|
|
|
1,413
|
|
|
|
410
|
|
|
|
2,104
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Research and development costs
|
|
|
263
|
|
|
|
767
|
|
|
|
1,837
|
|
|
|
2,932
|
|
|
|
10,704
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
1,691
|
|
|
|
1,665
|
|
|
|
6,615
|
|
|
|
8,894
|
|
|
|
8,198
|
|
Selling expenses
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
588
|
|
|
|
1,214
|
|
|
|
3,109
|
|
|
|
5,095
|
|
Restructuring costs
|
|
|
(266
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
507
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Impairment of right of use asset
|
|
|
(254
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Write-off of other current assets
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
169
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
1,781
|
|
|
|
4,433
|
|
|
|
10,774
|
|
|
|
17,039
|
|
|
|
23,997
|
|
(Loss) income from operations
|
|
|
(1,763
|
)
|
|
|
(3,041
|
)
|
|
|
(10,242
|
)
|
|
|
9,842
|
|
|
|
(23,074
|
)
|
Settlements
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,400
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,400
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Gain due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
87
|
|
|
|
656
|
|
|
|
502
|
|
Change in fair value of warrant liability
|
|
|
533
|
|
|
|
(1,489
|
)
|
|
|
4,518
|
|
|
|
263
|
|
|
|
2,222
|
|
Other finance (costs) income
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
104
|
|
|
|
(593
|
)
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
|
75
|
|
Net finance income (costs)
|
|
|
569
|
|
|
|
(1,321
|
)
|
|
|
4,012
|
|
|
|
1,197
|
|
|
|
2,799
|
|
(Loss) income before income taxes
|
|
|
(1,194
|
)
|
|
|
(5,762
|
)
|
|
|
(6,230
|
)
|
|
|
9,639
|
|
|
|
(20,275
|
)
|
Income tax recovery (expense)
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
|
636
|
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
|
(5,452
|
)
|
|
|
3,479
|
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
|
(1,006
|
)
|
|
|
(5,126
|
)
|
|
|
(6,042
|
)
|
|
|
4,187
|
|
|
|
(16,796
|
)
|
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments
|
|
|
(268
|
)
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
83
|
|
|
|
(260
|
)
|
|
|
(1,430
|
|
Actuarial gain (loss) on defined benefit plans
|
|
|
959
|
|
|
|
(418
|
)
|
|
|
(1,068
|
)
|
|
|
193
|
|
|
|
694
|
|
Comprehensive (loss) income
|
|
|
(315
|
)
|
|
|
(5,557
|
)
|
|
|
(7,027
|
)
|
|
|
4,120
|
|
|
|
(17,532
|
)
|
Net loss per share (basic)
|
|
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
|
(0.31
|
)
|
|
|
(0.35
|
)
|
|
|
0.25
|
|
|
|
(1.12
|
)
|
Net loss per share (diluted)
|
|
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
|
(0.31
|
)
|
|
|
(0.35
|
)
|
|
|
0.24
|
|
|
|
(1.12
|
)
|
Our operating and financial review and prospects
should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, accompanying notes and other information appearing in
this Annual Report.
2019 compared with 2018
Fourth Quarter
Revenues
Our total revenue for the three-month period
ended December 31, 2019 was $0.02 million as compared with $1.4 million for the same period in 2018, representing a decrease of
$1.4 million. The 2019 revenue was comprised of $0.02 million in royalty revenue (2018 - $0.2 million), $nil in product sales
(2018 - $1.4 million), ($0.02) million in supply chain revenue (2018 - $0.1 million) and $0.02 million in licensing revenue (2018
– ($0.3) million). The product sales in 2018 represented sales of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) . There were no
sales of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the fourth quarter of 2019.
Operating expenses
Our total operating expense for the three-month
period ended December 31, 2019 was $1.8 million as compared with $4.4 million for the same period in 2018, representing a decrease
of $2.7 million. This decrease arises primarily from a $1.1 million decline in cost of sales, a $0.5 million decline in
research and development costs, a $0.5 million decline in general and administrative expenses, a $0.3 million reversal of restructuring
costs and a $0.3 impairment in right of use assets. The decline in cost of sales arose from there being no sales of Macrilen™
(macimorelin) in the fourth quarter of 2019, as compared to the fourth quarter of 2019 during which there were sales of
Macrilen™ (macimorelin). The decline in research and development costs are attributed to the difference phases of
activity of Study P01. In the fourth quarter of 2018, study activities included study start with document development, medication
manufacturing, study feasibility testing at different sites and clinical trial applications in Hungary, Poland, Belarus, Russia,
Ukraine and Serbia, while in 2019, the focus was on the clinical conduct. The expense amounts in the fourth quarter of 2019 reflect
that most sites had completed their enrollment and clinical activities. The decline in general and administrative expenses is
due primarily to our cost control measures implemented in 2018 and the decline in selling expenses arises from a reclassification
of costs to cost of sales, in accordance with the signed supply agreement with Novo.
Settlements
In prior year’s fourth quarter, $1.4
million was classified as settlements as compared with nil in the same period in 2019. The costs in the fourth quarter of 2018
were to settle a lawsuit against the Company from two of its former executives. There were no settlements in 2019.
Net finance income (costs)
Our net finance income for the three-month
period ended December 31, 2019 was $0.6 million as compared with a net finance costs of $1.3 million for the same period in 2018,
representing an increase of $1.9 million. This is primarily due to a $2.0 million change in fair value of warrant liability offset
by increased finance costs of $0.1 million. Such a non-cash change in fair value results from the periodic “mark-to-market”
revaluation, which occurs through the application of our pricing model, of our outstanding share purchase warrants.
Net Loss
For the three-month period ended December
31, 2019, we reported a consolidated net loss of $1.0 million, or $0.05 loss per common share (basic), as compared with a consolidated
net loss of $5.1 million, or $0.31 loss per common share (basic), for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018. The
$4.1 million improvement in net results is primarily from a gain in fair value of warrant liability of $2.0 million and a decline
in operating expenses of $2.7 million.
Fiscal Year-End
Revenues
Our total revenue for the twelve-month period
ended December 31, 2019 was $0.5 million as compared with $26.9 million for the same period in 2018, representing a decline of
$26.4 million. The 2019 revenue was comprised of $0.05 million in royalty income (2018 - $0.2 million), $0.1 million in
product sales (2018 - $2.2 million), $0.3 million in supply chain revenue (2018 - $0.1 million) and $0.1 million in licensing
revenue (2018 - $24.3 million). There was no sales commission revenue in 2019. The decline in total revenue in 2019 relates primarily
to the one-time $24.0 million cash payment received from executing the License Agreement in January 2018 and the initial delivery
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) to our licensee.
Operating expenses
Our total operating expense for the twelve-month
period ended December 31, 2019 was $10.8 million as compared with $17.0 million for the same period in 2018, representing a decrease
of $6.2 million. This decline arises primarily from a $2.3 million reduction in general and administration expenses, a $1.9 million
reduction in selling costs, a $1.7 million decline in cost of sales and a $1.1 million reduction in research and development costs,
offset by $0.5 million increase in restructuring costs, $0.02 million impairment in right to use assets and $0.2 million
write-off of other current assets. The decline in general and administrative expenses and in selling expenses reflects the cost
control improvements implemented in late 2018, the impact of the restructuring in June 2019 and the settlement of lawsuits in
2018 (thereby reducing legal expenses). In 2019, our licensee purchased less Macrilen™ (macimorelin) product than they did
in 2018.
Settlements
In 2018, $1.4 million was classified as
settlements. These were costs to settle a lawsuit against the Company from two of its former executives. There were no settlements
in 2019.
Net finance income
Our net finance income for the twelve-month
period ended December 31, 2019 was $4.0 million as compared with $1.2 million for the same period in 2018, representing an increase
of $2.8 million. This is primarily due to a $4.3 million increase change in fair value of warrant liability, offset by a reduction
in gain due to foreign currency exchange rates of $0.6 million and a $0.9 million increase in other finance costs. Such a non-cash
change in fair value results from the periodic “mark-to-market” revaluation, which occurs through the application
of our pricing model, of our outstanding share purchase warrants. Increased finance costs result primarily from $0.5 million
in transaction costs from the issuance of warrants in the September 2019 financing and $0.1 million in costs from exploring other potential financings.
Net Loss
For the twelve-month period ended December
31, 2019, we reported a consolidated net loss of $6.0 million, or $0.35 loss per common share (basic), as compared with
a consolidated net income of $4.2 million, or $0.25 income per common share (basic), for the twelve-month period ended December
31, 2018. The $10.2 million decline in net results is primarily from a reduction of $26.3 million in revenue offset by $5.6 million
in tax expense, $6.3 million decline in operating expenses, $2.8 million increase in net finance income and $1.4 million decline
in settlements.
2018 compared with 2017
Fourth Quarter
Revenues
Our total revenue for the three-month period
ended December 31, 2018 was $1.4 million as compared with $0.2 million for the same period in 2017, representing an increase of
$1.2 million. The 2018 revenue comprised the net impact of $1.4 million in product sales less the $0.2 million reclassification
of the $24.0 million license revenue associated with the Pediatric Indication, to the consolidated statements of financial position.
For the same period in 2017, total revenue was comprised of $0.1 million in license fees and $0.1 million in sales commission and
other. The increase in product sales in the fourth quarter of 2018 arises from the sale of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) inventory
to our licensee for sale in the U.S.
Operating expenses
Our total operating expenses for the three-month
period ended December 31, 2018 was $4.4 million as compared with $3.8 million for the same period in 2017, representing an increase
of $0.6 million. This net increase arises primarily from a $1.4 million increase of cost of sales for Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
inventory sold under the Supply Arrangement to our licensee for future sales in the U.S., a $0.2 million increase in research and
development costs and a $0.1 million increase in selling expenses, offset by $1.1 million decrease in general and administration
expenses.
Settlements
In the three-month period ended December 31, 2018, $1.4 million
was classified as settlements as compared with nil in the same period in 2017. These were costs to settle a lawsuit against the
Company from two of its former executives and former sales agent.
Net finance costs
Our net finance loss for the three-month period
ended December 31, 2018 was $1.3 million, as compared to $0.4 million for the same period in 2017, representing an increase of
$0.9 million. The increase in net finance costs is primarily due to the change in fair value of warrant liability. Such change
in fair value results from the periodic “mark-to-market” revaluation, via the application of pricing models, of outstanding
share purchase warrants. The closing price of our Common Shares, which, on the NASDAQ, fluctuated from $1.19 to $3.87 during the
twelve-month period ended December 31, 2018, compared to $2.67 to $2.70 during the same period in 2017, also had a direct impact
on the change in fair value of warrant liability.
Net loss
For the three-month period ended December 31,
2018, we reported a consolidated net loss of $5.1 million, or $0.31 loss per common share, as compared with a consolidated net
loss of $0.5 million, or $0.03 loss per common share, for the three-month period ended December 31, 2017. The $4.6 million increase
in net loss, as compared with 2017, results primarily from a $2.8 million in tax expense, $1.4 million increase in cost of goods,
$0.9 million increase in finance costs and $1.4 million increase in settlements, offset by $1.2 million increase in total revenues.
In the fourth quarter of 2018, unlike in 2017, we earned $0.2 million in royalty income from our licensee, expensed $1.4 million
in settlement costs and had actively begun the EMA and FDA pediatric study for Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
Fiscal Year-End
Revenues
Our total revenue for the year ended December
31, 2018 was $26.9 million as compared with $0.9 million for the same period in 2017, representing an increase of $26.0 million.
The 2018 revenue comprised $24.3 million in license revenue, $2.2 million in product sales and $0.2 million in royalty income and
$0.2 million in sales commissions as compared with $0.4 million in license fee and $0.5 million in sales commission in 2017. The
increase in total revenue in 2018 relates to license fees and product sales associated with executing the License Agreement signed
for Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in January 2018.
Operating expenses
Our total operating expenses for the year ended
December 31, 2018 was $17.0 million as compared with $24.0 million for the same period in 2017, representing a decline of $7.0
million. This was primarily due to a $7.8 million decrease in research and development costs and a $2.0 million decrease in selling
expenses, offset by $2.1 million increase in cost of sales and a $0.7 million increase in general and administration expenses.
Our total cost of goods sold for the year ended
December 31, 2018 was $2.1 million as compared with nil for the same period in 2017, reflecting the sale of Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
inventory pursuant to the Supply Arrangement under the License Agreement.
Research and development
In 2018, our focus was on the PIP Study for
Macrilen™ (macimorelin), for which we received $0.4 million from our licensee for their share of such costs. This study was
initiated in the third quarter of 2018 with active screening of patients beginning in early 2019.
In 2017, we spent $2.5 million on third-party
costs associated with the ZoptEC pivotal Phase 3 clinical study of Zoptrex™ (zoptarelin doxorubicin) and $1.2 million on
Macrilen™ (macimorelin) third-party costs. In addition, we recorded $2.6 million in severance accruals and other directly
related costs and an onerous lease provision related to the 2017 German Restructuring. This restructuring resulted from the May
2017 announcement that the ZoptEC pivotal Phase 3 clinical study of Zoptrex™ (zoptarelin doxorubicin) did not achieve its
primary endpoint of demonstrating a statistically significant increase in the median period of overall survival of patients treated
with Zoptrex™ (zoptarelin doxorubicin) as compared to patients treated with doxorubicin.
General and administrative expenses
These costs were higher in 2018 than expected
as we incurred significant legal costs in the course of reaching settlement agreements for $1.4 million, as previously discussed
in Contingencies Other litigation.
Selling expenses
These costs are in-line with expectations and
lower in 2018 than in 2017 due to the first quarter of 2018 termination of our North American sales team and their co-promotion
activities as we shifted our focus to the commercialization of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in markets in the ROW.
Settlements
In 2018, $1.4 million was expensed for settlements as compared with
nil in the same period in 2017. These were costs to settle two lawsuits against the Company from two of its former executives and
from its former sales agent.
Net finance income
Our net finance income for the year ended December
31, 2018 was $1.2 million, as compared to $2.8 million for the same period in 2017, representing a decrease of $1.6 million. The
decline in net finance income is primarily due to the change in fair value of our warrant liability. Such change in fair value
results from the periodic “mark-to-market” revaluation via the application of pricing models to our outstanding share
purchase warrants. The closing price of our Common Shares, which, on the NASDAQ, fluctuated from $1.19 to $3.87 during the twelve-month
period ended December 31, 2018, compared to $2.67 to $2.70 during the same period in 2017, also had a direct impact on the change
in fair value of warrant liability.
Net Income
For the year ended December 31, 2018, we reported
a consolidated net income of $4.2 million, or $0.25 per common share, as compared with a consolidated net loss of $16.8 million,
or $1.12 loss per common share, for the year ended December 31, 2017. The $21.0 million improvement in results, as compared with
2017, arose primarily from a $23.9 million increase in gross profit and $9.1 million reduction in operating expenses, offset by
$8.9 million movement in income taxes from recovery to (expense) and $1.6 million decrease in net finance income.
Selected quarterly financial data
(in thousands, except for per share data)
|
|
Three months ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
2019
|
|
|
September 30,
2019
|
|
|
June 30,
2019
|
|
|
March 31,
2019
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
283
|
|
|
|
194
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
|
(1,006
|
)
|
|
|
(331
|
)
|
|
|
206
|
|
|
|
(4,911
|
)
|
Net (loss) income per share [basic]*
|
|
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
(0.30
|
)
|
Net (loss) income per share [diluted]*
|
|
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
|
(0.02
|
)
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
(0.30
|
)
|
(in thousands, except for per share data)
|
|
Three months ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
2018
|
|
|
September 30,
2018
|
|
|
June 30,
2018
|
|
|
March 31,
2018
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
1,392
|
|
|
|
663
|
|
|
|
168
|
|
|
|
24,658
|
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
|
(5,126
|
)
|
|
|
(2,509
|
)
|
|
|
(2,602
|
)
|
|
|
14,424
|
|
Net (loss) income per share [basic]*
|
|
|
(0.31
|
)
|
|
|
(0.15
|
)
|
|
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
|
0.88
|
|
Net loss per share [basic and diluted]*
|
|
|
(0.31
|
)
|
|
|
(0.15
|
)
|
|
|
(0.16
|
)
|
|
|
0.87
|
|
* Net
loss per share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each reporting period, which may differ on
a quarter-to-quarter basis. As such, the sum of the quarterly net loss per share amounts may not equal full-year net loss per share.
Historical quarterly results of operations and net (loss) income
cannot be taken as reflective of recurring revenue or expenditure patterns of predictable trends, largely given the non-recurring
nature of certain components of our historical revenues, due most notably to unpredictable quarterly variations in net finance
income, which are impacted by periodic “mark-to-market” revaluations of our warrant liability and of foreign exchange
gains and losses. In addition, we cannot predict what the revenues from royalties will be from the License Agreement.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial
Position Information
|
|
December 31,
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
7,838
|
|
|
|
14,512
|
|
Trade and other receivables and other current assets
|
|
|
1,869
|
|
|
|
1,504
|
|
Inventory
|
|
|
1,203
|
|
|
|
240
|
|
Restricted cash equivalents
|
|
|
364
|
|
|
|
418
|
|
Property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
65
|
|
Right of use assets
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Other non-current assets
|
|
|
8,090
|
|
|
|
8,272
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
19,981
|
|
|
|
25,011
|
|
Payables and accrued liabilities and income taxes payable
|
|
|
3,596
|
|
|
|
4,635
|
|
Current portion of provision for restructuring and other costs
|
|
|
418
|
|
|
|
887
|
|
Current portion of deferred revenues
|
|
|
991
|
|
|
|
74
|
|
Lease liabilities
|
|
|
903
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Warrant liability
|
|
|
2,255
|
|
|
|
3,634
|
|
Non-financial non-current liabilities (1)
|
|
|
14,281
|
|
|
|
13,874
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
22,444
|
|
|
|
23,104
|
|
Shareholders’ (deficiency) equity
|
|
|
(2,463
|
)
|
|
|
1,907
|
|
Total liabilities and shareholders’ (deficiency) equity
|
|
|
19,981
|
|
|
|
25,011
|
|
1.
|
Comprised mainly of employee future benefits, provisions for restructuring
and other costs and non-current portion of deferred revenues.
|
Outstanding Share Data
As at March 25, 2020, we had 23,472,771
Common Shares issued and outstanding, as well as 953,557 stock options and Deferred Share Units (“DSUs”) outstanding.
Share purchase warrants outstanding as at March 17, 2020 represented a total of 9,453,174 equivalent common shares.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The IASB continues to issue new and revised
IFRS. A listing of the recent accounting pronouncements promulgated by the IASB and not yet adopted by the Company is included
in note 5 to the Company’s December 31, 2019 consolidated financial statements which are included in Item 18 of this Annual
Report on Form 20-F.
B.
|
Liquidity, Cash Flows and Capital Resources
|
Since inception, we have incurred significant
expenses in our efforts to develop and commercialize products. Consequently, the Company has incurred operating
losses and negative cash flow from operations historically and in each of the last several years except for the year ended December
31, 2018, when the Company earned revenue from the sale of a license for the adult indication of Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
in the U.S. and Canada. As at December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $317 million. The Company also
had a net loss of $6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, and negative cash flow from operations of $10.7 million.
The Company’s principal focus is on
the commercialization of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) and it currently does not have any other approved products. Under
the terms of the License Agreement with Novo, Novo is funding 70% of the pediatric clinical trial submitted to the
EMA and FDA, the Company’s sole development activity. In November 2019, Novo contracted AEZS Germany, our wholly
owned German subsidiary, to provide supply chain services for the manufacture of Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
Management has evaluated whether material uncertainties
exist relating to events or conditions that may cast substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going
concern and has considered the following in making that critical judgment.
The ability of the Company to realize its assets
and meet its obligations as they come due is dependent on earning sufficient revenues under the License Agreement, developing opportunities
for Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the rest of the world, realizing other monetizing transactions, and raising additional sources
of funding, the outcome of which cannot be predicted at this time. The revenue provided under the License Agreement was $45,000
for the year ended December 31, 2019 and as at December 31, 2019, the Company had cash of $7,838,000. In September 2019, the Company
closed an equity financing which provided $4,193,000 in net cash proceeds. On February 21, 2020, the Company closed an equity financing
for approximately $3,920,000 in net cash proceeds.
A significant portion of the Company’s
cash is held in AEZS Germany, the Company’s principle operating subsidiary. AEZS Germany is the counter-party to the License
Agreement described above with Novo, and as such, for generating future revenue earned under the License Agreement. As such, management
considers the cash resources available to AEZS Germany in executing its obligations under the License Agreement. In the event
the current and medium term liabilities of AEZS Germany exceeds the fair values ascribed to its assets, under German solvency
laws, it may no longer be possible for AEZS Germany’s operations to continue or for AEZS Germany to transfer cash to
Aeterna Zentaris or its U.S. subsidiary. This imposes additional and material uncertainties on the Company when evaluating
liquidity and the going concern assumption.
The Company has some discretion to manage its
planned research and development costs, administrative expenses and capital expenditures in order to manage its cash liquidity,
particularly in AEZS Germany. Furthermore, AEZS Germany is focused on opportunities to either license or sell the European or worldwide
rights to Macrilen™ (macimorelin) to third parties. As of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements,
there are no assurances that cash will be generated from such arrangements. As such, management may also need to consider other
sources of financing in order to continue its planned operations.
Management has assessed the Company’s
ability to continue as a going concern and concluded that additional capital will be required. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to execute license or purchase agreements or to obtain equity or debt financing, or on terms acceptable to
it. Factors within and outside the Company’s control could have a significant bearing on its ability to obtain additional
financing. As a result, management has determined that there are material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt upon the
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
License Agreement
On January 16, 2018, the Company entered into
the License Agreement. Effective December 19, 2018, Strongbridge sold the U.S. and Canadian rights to Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
to Novo.
(i) Adult Indication
Under the terms of the license agreement, and
for as long as Macrilen™ (macimorelin) is patent-protected, the Company will be entitled to a 15% royalty on annual net sales
up to $75.0 million and an 18% royalty on annual net sales above $75.0 million. Following the end of patent protection in the U.S.
or Canada for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), the Company will be entitled to a 5% royalty on net sales in that country. In addition,
the Company will also receive one-time payments ranging from $4.0 million to $100.0 million upon the achievement of commercial
milestones going from $25.0 million annual net sales up to $500.0 million annual net sales.
(ii) Pediatric Indication
Upon approval by the FDA of a pediatric indication
for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), the Company will receive a one-time milestone payment of $5.0 million. This amount will be recognized
once it is probable that it will be received.
(iii) PIP Study
We have initiated an open label, single dose
trial to investigate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of macimorelin in pediatric patients from
two to less than 18 years of age with suspected GHD. Under the terms of the License Agreement, the licensee will pay 70% and the
Company will pay the remaining 30% of the research and development costs associate with the PIP. During 2019, the Company invoiced
its licensee $979,000 (2018 - $358,000) as its share of the costs incurred by the Company under the PIP; such amounts have been
collected in full.
(iv) Supply Arrangement
The Company agreed, in the Supply Arrangement to the License
Agreement, to supply ingredients for the manufacture of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) during an interim period at a price that
is set ‘at cost’ without any profit margin. The Company believes the stand-alone selling price of the manufacturing
ingredients to be their cost, as that approximates the amount at which Novo would be able to procure those same goods with other
suppliers.
In November 2019, Novo contracted AEZS
Germany, to provide supply chain services including API batch production and delivery of certain API and semi-finished goods,
as well as the provision of ongoing support activities. In 2019, the Company invoiced $1,159,000 (2018 – $2,167,000)
and has received payment in full of these invoices.
Registered and Private Offerings
On March 28, 2017, we commenced a new
ATM offering pursuant to its existing ATM Sales Agreement, dated April 1, 2016, under which we were able, at our discretion,
from time to time, to sell up to a maximum of 3 million common shares through ATM issuances on the NASDAQ, up to an aggregate amount
of $9.0 million (the “March 2017 ATM Program”). The common shares were to be sold at market prices prevailing at the
time of the sale of the common shares and, as a result, sale prices varied.
Between March 28, 2017 and April 18,
2017, we issued a total of 597,994 common shares under the March 2017 ATM Program at an average issuance price of $2.97 per share
for aggregate gross proceeds of $1.8 million less cash transaction costs of $55,000 and previously deferred financing costs of
$65,000.
On April 27, 2017, we entered into a new ATM
Sales Agreement (the “New ATM Sales Agreement”), and filed with the SEC a prospectus supplement (the “Prospectus
Supplement”) related to sales and distributions of up to a maximum of 2,240,000 common shares through ATM issuances on the
NASDAQ, up to an aggregate amount of $6.9 million under the New ATM Sales Agreement. The common shares will be sold at market
prices prevailing at the time of the sale of the common shares and, as a result, prices may vary. The New ATM Sales Agreement
and the Prospectus Supplement superseded and replaced the March 2017 ATM Program, which itself had superseded and replaced the
April 2016 ATM Program. The Prospectus Supplement supplements the base prospectus included in our Shelf Registration Statement
on Form F-3, as amended (the “2017 Shelf Registration Statement”), which was declared effective by the SEC on April
27, 2017. Between May 30, 2017 and December 31, 2017, we issued 1.8 million common shares at an average issuance price of $2.08
per share under the New ATM Sales Agreement.
On September 20, 2019, we entered into a securities
purchase agreement (the “2019 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors in the U.S. to purchase
approximately $5.0 million of our Common Shares for $1.50 per share in a registered direct offering and warrants to purchase Common
Shares in a concurrent private placement. The gross proceeds from the offering were approximately $5.0 million before deducting
the placement agent’s fees and other estimated offering expenses. Under the terms of the 2019 Securities Purchase Agreement,
we sold 3,325,000 Common Shares. In a concurrent private placement, we issued unregistered warrants to purchase up to approximately
3,325,000 Common Shares. The warrants are exercisable six months following the date of issuance and have an exercise price of $1.65.
The warrants will expire five years from the date of issuance. The Common Shares described above (but not the warrants or the Common
Shares underlying the warrants) were offered by us pursuant to a “shelf” registration statement on Form F-3, as amended
(the “2019 Shelf Registration Statement”), which was declared effective by the SEC on August 15, 2019.
Subsequent
to 2019, on February 21, 2020, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “2020 Securities Purchase Agreement”)
with institutional investors in the U.S. to purchase 3,478,261 Common Shares, at a purchase price of $1.29375 per share, priced
at-the-market under the NASDAQ rules. Under the terms of the 2020 Securities Purchase Agreement, we issued to the investors unregistered
warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,608,696 Common Shares in a concurrent private placement. The warrants have an exercise
price of $1.20 per common share, are exercisable immediately and will expire five and one-half years following the date of issuance.
The gross proceeds from the offering totaled approximately $4.5 million, before deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses.
The Common Shares described above (but not the warrants or the Common Shares underlying the warrants) were offered by us pursuant
to the 2019 Shelf Registration Statement.
The
variations in our liquidity by activity are explained below.
(in thousands)
|
|
Three months ended
December 31,
|
|
|
Years ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents - Beginning of period
|
|
|
10,862
|
|
|
|
16,800
|
|
|
|
14,512
|
|
|
|
7,780
|
|
|
|
21,999
|
|
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
|
|
|
(2,954
|
)
|
|
|
(2,679
|
)
|
|
|
(10,725
|
)
|
|
|
6,825
|
|
|
|
(22,913
|
)
|
|
|
|
(2,954
|
)
|
|
|
(2,679
|
)
|
|
|
(10,725
|
)
|
|
|
6,825
|
|
|
|
(22,913
|
)
|
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net proceeds from issuance of common shares
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,193
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
7,788
|
|
Proceeds from exercise of warrants, stock options and deferred share units
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
314
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
242
|
|
Payments on lease liability
|
|
|
(152
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(614
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
(161
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,893
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
8,030
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
307
|
)
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
307
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
387
|
|
|
|
108
|
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
357
|
)
|
Cash and cash equivalents - End of period
|
|
|
7,838
|
|
|
|
14,512
|
|
|
|
7,838
|
|
|
|
14,512
|
|
|
|
7,780
|
|
Operating
Activities
2019
compared to 2018
Cash
(used by) operating activities totaled ($10.7) million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, as compared to $6.8 million
provided by operating activities in the same period in 2018. In the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2019, the Company had
net loss of $6.0 million as compared with net income of $4.2 million in the same period in 2018. In 2019, the Company did not
have significant royalty or licensing revenues, while, in the same period in 2018, the Company received a $24.0 million cash payment
from executing the License Agreement in January 2018.
2018
compared to 2017
Cash
provided by operating activities totaled $6.8 million for year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $22.9 million used by operating
activities in the same period in 2017, which is a net provision of cash from operating activities of $29.7 million. This increase
is primarily due to the $24.0 million license payment received from Strongbridge in January 2018.
Financing
Activities
2019
compared to 2018
Cash
provided by financing activities totaled $3.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, as compared with $nil in
the same period in 2018. On September 20, 2019, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with U.S. institutional
investors to purchase $5.0 million (before transaction costs of $0.8 million) of our Common Shares for $1.50 per share in a registered
direct offering and warrants to purchase Common Shares in a concurrent private placement. Under the terms of the securities purchase
agreement, the Company sold 3,325,000 common shares. In a concurrent private placement, the Company issued warrants to purchase
up to an aggregate of 3,325,000 common shares. The warrants are exercisable commencing six months from the date of issuance, have
an exercise price of $1.65 per share and expire 5 years following the date of issuance. In addition, the Company received $0.3 million
from the exercise of warrants, options and deferred share units and paid $0.6 million in lease liabilities subsequent to adoption
of IFRS 16 in January 2019.
2018
compared to 2017
Cash
flows from financing activities were nil for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $8.0 million for the same period
in 2017. During 2018, we have focused on commercializing Macrilen™ (macimorelin) though the application of the $24.0 million
milestone payment from Strongbridge to our operating costs and working capital needs. This is a change from the same period in
2017 when we raised capital from certain At-The-Market programs.
Investing
Activities
2019
compared to 2018
Cash
provided by investing activities totaled $0.05 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, as compared with ($0.04
million) used by investing activities in the same period in 2018. In 2019, the Company received $0.05 million in restricted cash
when it closed out certain banking arrangements, while in 2018, the Company sold certain property, plant and equipment for $0.01
million and added $0.05 million in restricted cash.
2018
compared to 2017
Cash
flows from investing activities totaled $0.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared with $0.3 million for the
same period in 2017. We have reduced our investment in non-current assets over the last number of years.
Critical
Accounting Policies, Estimates and Judgments
Our
consolidated financial statements as at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018
and 2017 have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.
The
preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Judgments,
estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience, expectations, current trends and other factors that management believes
to be relevant when our consolidated financial statements are prepared.
Management
reviews, on a regular basis, the Company’s accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments in order to ensure
that the consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with IFRS. Revisions to accounting estimates
are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.
Critical
accounting estimates and assumptions, as well as critical judgments used in applying accounting policies in the preparation of
our interim condensed consolidated financial statements were the same as those that applied to our annual consolidated financial
statements as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.
Capital
Disclosures
Our
objective in managing capital, consisting of shareholders’ equity, with cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents
being its primary components, is to ensure sufficient liquidity to fund R&D costs, selling expenses, G&A expenses, working
capital and capital expenditures.
Over
the past several years, we have increasingly raised capital via public equity offerings and drawdowns and issuances under various
ATM sales programs as our primary source of liquidity.
Our
capital management objective remains the same as that in previous periods. The policy on dividends is to retain cash to keep funds
available to finance the activities required to advance our product development portfolio and to pursue appropriate commercial
opportunities as they may arise. We are not subject to any capital requirements imposed by any regulators or by any other external
source.
C.
|
Research
and development, patents and licenses, etc.
|
For
a description of our R&D policies for the last three years, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview” and “Key Developments”
at the beginning of this Item 5. Over the past three years, our research and development activities have encompassed a 2017 unsuccessful
Phase 3 clinical study of ZoptrexTM (zoptarelin doxorubicin) and the 2018 initiation of pediatric indication study
for MacrilenTM (macimorelin) for which our licensee is paying 70% of the costs. You can also find relevant information
in our consolidated financial statements in Item 18.
Subsequent
to year end, the COVID-19 pandemic began causing significant financial market declines and social dislocation. The situation is
dynamic with various cities and countries around the world responding in different ways to address the outbreak. The spread
of COVID-19 may impact our operations, including the potential interruption of our clinical trial activities and our supply chain.
For example, the COVID-19 outbreak may delay enrollment in our pediatric clinical trial due to prioritization of hospital resources
toward the outbreak, and some patients may be unwilling to enroll in our trials or be unable to comply with clinical trial protocols
if quarantines impede patient movement or interrupt healthcare services, which would delay our ability to conduct clinical trials
or release clinical trial results and could delay our ability to obtain regulatory approval and commercialize our product candidates.
The spread of an infectious disease, including COVID-19, may also result in the inability of our suppliers to deliver components
or raw materials on a timely basis or at all. In addition, hospitals may reduce staffing and reduce or postpone certain treatments
in response to the spread of an infectious disease. Such events may result in a period of business disruption and, in reduced
operations, doctors or medical providers may be unwilling to participate in our clinical trials, any of which could materially
affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. The significant spread of COVID-19 within the U.S., Canada,
Germany and elsewhere resulted in a widespread health crisis and has had adverse effects on local, national and global economies
generally, the markets that we serve, our operations and the market price of our Common Shares.The Company’s impairment
test for various assets including goodwill and intangibles is based on fair value models which are based on cash flows from operations
or other market dependent models. Accordingly, as required by IFRS we have not reflected these subsequent conditions
in the recoverable value of the estimate of these assets at December 31, 2019.
Uncertain
factors, including the duration of the outbreak, the severity of the disease and the actions to contain or treat its impact, could
impair our operations including, among other things, employee mobility and productivity, availability of our facilities, conduct
of our clinical trials and the availability and the productivity of third-party product and service suppliers.
Financial
Risk Factors and Other Instruments
The
nature and extent of our exposure to risks arising from financial instruments, including credit risk, liquidity risk and market
risk (share price risk) and how we manage those risks are described in note 24 to the Company’s annual audited consolidated
financial statements as at December 31, 2019 and 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.
The
consolidated financial statements filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 20-F are presented under “Item 18. –
Financial Statements”.
E.
|
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
|
As
at December 31, 2019, we did not have any interests in special purpose entities or any other off-balance sheet arrangements.
F.
|
Tabular
disclosure of contractual obligations
|
Financial
Liabilities, Obligations and Commitments
Expected
future payments in connection with service and manufacturing agreements, as at December 31, 2019, are as follows:
(in thousands)
|
|
Service and
manufacturing
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Less than 1 year
|
|
|
1,600
|
|
1 - 3 years
|
|
|
11
|
|
4 - 5 years
|
|
|
5
|
|
More than 5 years
|
|
|
5
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,621
|
|
Item
6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
A.
|
Directors
and senior management
|
The
following table sets forth information about our directors and our senior corporate officers as at December 31, 2019:
Name
and Place of Residence
|
|
Position
with Aeterna Zentaris
|
|
|
|
Ammer,
Nicola
Hessen,
Germany
|
|
Chief
Medical Officer, Vice President Clinical Development
|
Auld,
Leslie
Ontario,
Canada
|
|
Senior
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
|
Egbert,
Carolyn
Texas,
United States
|
|
Director,
Chair of the Board
|
Gagnon,
Gilles(1)
Quebec,
Canada
|
|
Director
|
Gerlach,
Matthias
Hessen, Germany
|
|
Vice
President Manufacturing and Supply Chain
|
Grau,
Guenther
Hessen,
Germany
|
|
Vice
President Finance
|
Guenther,
Eckhard
Hessen,
Germany
|
|
Vice
President Business Development & Alliance Management; Managing Director AEZS Germany
|
Limoges,
Gérard
Québec,
Canada
|
|
Director
|
Norton,
Brent
Ontario,
Canada
|
|
Director
|
Paulini,
Klaus
Hessen,
Germany
|
|
President,
Chief Executive Officer, Director; Managing Director AEZS Germany
|
Smith
Hoke, Robin
Ohio,
United States
|
|
Director
|
(1)
|
Mr.
Gagnon joined the Board on January 1, 2020.
|
The
following is a brief biography of each of our directors and executive officers.1
Nicola
Ammer was appointed as our Vice President, Clinical Development and as Chief Medical Officer in January 2018. She serves as one
of our executive officers. Dr. Ammer, who is based in the Frankfurt, Germany office of AEZS Germany, began her career in the pharmaceutical
medicine environment in the CRO business in 2002 and gained experience in all aspects of clinical research & development
in various positions with increasing responsibility, including a Director of Clinical Operations. She joined AEZS Germany in March
2015 as Clinical Program Director and took over the role of the Head of Clinical Development in January 2016. She possesses numerous
skills in the area of pharmaceutical medicine and contributed significantly to the successful completion of the macimorelin clinical
development program in the adult indication. Dr. Ammer obtained the license to practice medicine in 1995 after completion of her
academic studies at the University of Essen. She was awarded a doctorate diploma in medicine by the University of Münster
in 2004 and a Master of Science in Pharmaceutical Medicine by the University Duisburg-Essen in 2009.
Leslie
Auld was appointed as our Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer in September 2018. She has over twenty-five years
of accounting, finance and pharmaceutical industry experience, with increasingly senior roles at PricewaterhouseCoopers, Helix
BioPharma Corp., Luminex Diagnostics (formerly TM BioScience Corp.), Attwell Capital Inc. (formerly Fralex Therapeutics) and GeneNews
Limited. A Chartered Professional Accountant, Ms. Auld graduated with an Honors Bachelor of Science degree in Pharmacology &
Toxicology from the University of Western Ontario and has a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Toronto.
Carolyn
Egbert has served as a director on our Board since August 2012 and as Chair of our Board since May 2016. After enjoying the
private practice of law as a defense litigator in Michigan and Washington, D.C., she joined Solvay America, Inc. (“Solvay”)
(a chemical and pharmaceutical company) in Houston, Texas. Over the course of a twenty-year career with Solvay, she held the positions
of Vice President, Human Resources, President of Solvay Management Services, Global Head of Human Resources and Senior Executive
Vice President of Global Ethics and Compliance. During her tenure with Solvay, she served as a director on the board of directors
of seven subsidiary companies and as Chair of one subsidiary board. After retiring in 2010, she established a consulting business
providing expertise in corporate governance, ethics and compliance, organizational development, executive compensation and strategic
human resources. She holds a Bachelor of Sciences degree in Biological Sciences from George Washington University, Washington
D.C. and a Juris Doctor degree from Seattle University, Seattle, Washington. She also was a Ph.D. candidate in Pharmacology at
both Georgetown University Medical School at Washington, D.C. and Northwestern University Medical School at Chicago, Illinois.
She remains an active member of both the Michigan State Bar and the District of Columbia Bar, Washington, D.C.
Gilles
Gagnon is currently the President and Chief Executive Officer of Ceapro Inc. Prior to that, he was President and CEO of Aeterna
Zentaris Inc. During the past 35 years, Mr. Gagnon has worked at several management levels within the field of health, especially
in the hospital environment and pharmaceutical industry. Mr. Gagnon has participated in several international committees and strategic
advisory boards. He served nine years on the board of directors of Canada’s Research Based Pharmaceutical Companies (Rx&D—now
Innovative Medicine Canada) where he represented members from the biopharmaceutical sector and pioneered the Rx&D’s
Canadian Biopartnering initiative. He is currently a member of the CEO Council of Innovative Medicine Canada. He is a certified
corporate Director having completed the Directors Education Program at the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto
and he has served on several boards of both private and publicly listed companies in the biopharmaceutical sector.
Matthias
Gerlach was appointed as our Vice President, Manufacturing Operations in June 2014 and as Vice President, Manufacturing and
Supply Chain in January 2018. He serves as one of our executive officers. From December 2011 through May 2014, he was our Vice
President, Medicinal Chemistry. Dr. Gerlach, who is based in the Frankfurt office of AEZS Germany, began his career in the pharmaceutical
industry in 1997. He joined our Company in January 2001, assuming roles of increasing responsibility in areas of medicinal chemistry
and preclinical development through product commercialization during his career. He possesses numerous scientific and business
skills and has a long record of successful innovation, drug development and management and contributed significantly to the successful
U.S.-commercialization of macimorelin in the adult indication. Dr. Gerlach obtained a diploma in Chemistry from the Johann Wolfgang
Goethe University in Frankfurt in 1994 and was awarded his doctorate diploma in synthetic organic chemistry by the Johann Wolfgang
Goethe University in 1997.
Guenther
Grau was appointed as our Vice President, Finance in February 2018. Mr. Grau, has been part of the Company since 2000. He
began his career in the pharmaceutical industry at ASTA Medica AG, a predecessor of our Company, in 1995, assuming roles of increasing
responsibility in areas of internal and external accounting during his career. Mr. Grau obtained a diploma in Business Administration
from the Philipps-University, Marburg, in 1991.
Eckhard
Guenther was appointed as Managing Director of AEZS Germany in January 2020, and Vice President of Business Development &
Alliance Management in 2018. Dr. Guenther brings more than 25 years in the pharmaceutical industry, with profound knowledge and
expertise in drug discovery and development in various indication areas like oncology and endocrinology. Additionally, over the
course of his career he has gained extensive experience across research coordination, project management, intellectual properties
and business development. After receiving his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
(Germany), he started his industrial career at Fahlberg-List Magdeburg in 1985. In 1990 he joined ASTA Medica AG in Frankfurt
where he worked in the department of Medicinal Chemistry. During his time at ASTA Medica, Dr. Guenther was significantly involved
in the preparation and execution for the spin-off of the biotechnology company Zentaris from ASTA Medica. After the founding of
Aeterna Zentaris in 2002 he was appointed to Vice President of Drug Discovery and Preclinical Research. In 2008 he was promoted
to Vice President Alliance Management & Intellectual Property and in 2014 he became Vice President of Business Development
at Aeterna Zentaris. Dr. Guenther was responsible for the initiation and execution of several R&D and licensing deals with
midsize and large international pharmaceutical companies, like Schering Pharma, Solvay, Yakult Honsha, Hikma Pharmaceuticals and
Sinopharm A-Think. Dr. Guenther is based in Frankfurt, Germany.
Gérard
Limoges, C.M., FCPA, FCA has served as a director on our Board since 2004. Mr. Limoges served as the Deputy Chairman of Ernst
& Young LLP Canada until his retirement in September 1999. After a career of 37 years with Ernst & Young, Mr. Limoges
has been devoting his time as a director of a number of companies. Mr. Limoges began his career with Ernst & Young in Montreal
in 1962. After graduating from the Management Faculty of the Université de Montréal (HEC Montréal) in 1966,
he wrote the CICA exams the same year (Honors: Governor General’s Gold Medal for the highest marks in Canada and Gold Medal
of the Ordre des Comptables Agréés du Québec). He became a chartered accountant in 1967 and partner of Ernst
& Young in 1971. After practicing as auditor since 1962 and partner since 1971, he was appointed Managing Partner of the Montreal
Office in 1979 and Chairman for Quebec in 1984 when he also joined the National Executive Committee. In 1992, he was appointed
Vice Chairman of Ernst & Young Canada and the following year, Deputy Chairman of the Canadian firm. After retirement from
practice at the end of September 1999, he was appointed Trustee of the School Board of Greater Montreal (1999), member of the
Quebec Commission on Health Care and Social Services (2000-2001) and special advisor to the Rector of the Université de
Montréal and affiliate schools (2000-2003). Mr. Limoges, at the request of the board of directors of the Université
de Montréal, participated in the selection of the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine in 2011. Mr. Limoges is also a trustee
and chairman of the Audit Committee of PROREIT (TSX). He is also a board member of various private companies and charities. Mr.
Limoges became an FCPA, FCA (Fellow) in 1984 and received the Order of Canada in 2002.
Dr.
Brent Norton has served as a director on our Board since 2018. Dr. Norton is a business leader in the life science industry
with operational and director experience across several successful enterprises which have achieved significant product sales and
returns for investors. He uses his cross functional knowledge to develop strategy, raise capital and build important relationships
in the academic and business community. Dr. Norton founded PreMD, completing IPO’s and listings on both the Toronto Stock
Exchange and the American Stock Exchange. Operationally, he has research and development and commercial operations, led transactions
with AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, L’Oreal, Parke Davis/Pfizer, etc., and taken products through the FDA to global out-licensing
with Johnson & Johnson. He is a founding Director of Novadaq Technologies (TSX:NDQ, NASDAQ:NVDQ) and was recently sold to
Stryker Corporation. Dr. Norton has been an active member of several boards in Canada and the U.S. He is a Venture Partner at
Lumira Capital, Executive Chairman & CEO of Ortho RTI, a member of the Research Committee for CAMH, an Advisory BOD member
for the Ivey International Centre for Health Innovation, a Director of Alpine Ontario and Past-President and Director of the Osler
Bluff Ski Club.
Dr.
Klaus Paulini was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company in October 2019 and also serves as a director
on our Board. Dr. Paulini is based in Frankfurt, Germany at our subsidiary AEZS Germany, where he was appointed Managing
Director in July 2019 and as Vice President Quality and Regulatory in February 2018. Dr. Paulini began his career in the
pharmaceutical industry at ASTA Medica AG in 1997. He had an active role when Zentaris was formed and spun out of ASTA Medica,
and served in various roles with increasing responsibility at the company ever since, including project responsibility for Cetrotide®.
As Head of Quality Assurance, Dr. Paulini successfully managed many of our clinical development projects – including Macrilen™/Macimorelin
– in R&D phase as group leader medicinal chemistry. With his extensive experience and knowledge, he provided successful
oversight and valuable input for our pharmaceutical and clinical development programs, ensuring successful and compliant outcomes,
ultimately leading to regulatory approvals by the US FDA and the EMA. Dr. Paulini obtained his PhD (Dr. Ing.) in chemistry at
the Technical University Darmstadt (Germany) in 1993 and specialized in medicinal chemistry/drug discovery during subsequent postdoctoral
fellowships at Strathclyde University (Glasgow, Scotland) and J.W. Goethe University (Frankfurt, Germany) before joining ASTA
Medica AG.
Robin
Smith Hoke has served as a director on our Board since 2018. Ms. Hoke is a business and legal executive with over 25 years
of healthcare and pharmaceutical experience in various legal and business roles where she focused on operations, strategy, business
development, acquisitions, strategic relationships, and commercialization. Ms. Hoke currently serves as President & CEO of
Leiters, a 503B FDA registered outsourcing service provider with manufacturing facilities in Denver, Colorado and San Jose, California.
She also serves as a member of the board of directors of Camargo Pharmaceutical Services, LLC, a privately held 505(b)(2) global
drug development and regulatory services company in Cincinnati, Ohio. She previously served as a member of the board of Oncobiologics,
Inc., a publicly held clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on identifying, developing, manufacturing and commercializing
complex biosimilar therapeutics. She previously served as chair of the board of directors and interim chief executive officer
at Ricerca Biosciences, LLC, a pre-clinical CRO. Prior to Ricerca, Ms. Hoke served as the president of GeneraMedix, Inc., a specialty
generic injectable company and held senior legal and business roles at Cardinal Health, Inc. She also spent time with Abbott Laboratories,
Inc., and served as a partner in the business law firm of Kegler, Brown, Hill & Ritter, Co., L.P.A.
There
are no family relationships between any of the persons named above and no arrangement with any customers, major shareholders,
suppliers or others pursuant to which any person above was selected as a director or executive officer.
Our
directors and executive officers are generally paid in their home country currency. Unless otherwise indicated, all compensation
information included in this document is presented in U.S. dollars and, to the extent a director or officer has been paid in a
currency other than U.S. dollars, the amounts have been converted from such person’s home country currency to U.S. dollars
based on the following annual average exchange rates: for the financial year ended December 31, 2019: €1.000 = U.S.$1.120
and CAN$1.000 = U.S.$0.754; for the financial year ended December 31, 2018: €1.000 = U.S.$1.181 and CAN$1.000 = U.S.$0.772;
and for the financial year ended December 31, 2017: €1.000 = U.S.$1.198 and CAN$1.000 = U.S.$0.797.
Compensation
of Outside Directors
The
compensation paid to members of our Board who are not our employees (our “Outside Directors”) is designed to (i) attract
and retain the most qualified people to serve on the Board and its committees, (ii) align the interests of the Outside Directors
with those of our shareholders, and (iii) provide appropriate compensation for the risks and responsibilities related to being
an effective Outside Director. This compensation is recommended to the Board by the Nominating, Governance and Compensation Committee
(the “NGCC”). The NGCC is composed of three Outside Directors, each of whom is independent, namely Dr. Brent Norton
(Chair), Ms. Carolyn Egbert and Ms. Robin Smith Hoke.
Retainers
Our
Outside Directors are paid an annual retainer, the amount of which depends on the position held on the Board. Annual retainers
are paid on a quarterly basis to our Outside Directors. Each Outside Director is paid the equivalent value of the payment in his
or her home currency, net of any withholdings or deductions required by applicable law.
Type
of Compensation
|
|
Annual
Retainer for the year 2019
|
Chair
of the Board Retainer
|
|
80,000
|
Board
Member Retainer
|
|
40,000
|
Audit
Committee Chair Retainer
|
|
20,000
|
Audit
Committee Member Retainer
|
|
5,000
|
NGCC
Chair Retainer
|
|
15,000
|
NGCC
Member Retainer
|
|
3,000
|
All
Directors are reimbursed for travel and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending Board or committee meetings.
Outstanding
Awards
The
following table shows all awards outstanding to each Outside Director as at December 31, 2019:
|
|
Option-based
Awards
|
|
|
Share-based
Awards
|
|
Name
|
|
Issuance
Date
|
|
|
Number
of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options
|
|
|
Option
Exercise Price
|
|
|
Option
Expiration
Date
|
|
|
Value
of Unexercised In-the-money Options(1)
|
|
|
Issuance
Date
|
|
|
Number
of Shares or Units of Shares that have Not Vested
|
|
|
Market
or Payout Value of Share-based Awards that have Not Vested(2)
|
|
|
Market
or Payout Value of Vested Share-based Awards Not Paid Out or Distributed
|
|
|
|
(mm-dd-yyyy)
|
|
|
(#)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
(mm-dd-yyyy)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
(mm-dd-yyyy)
|
|
|
(#)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
|
|
Egbert,
Carolyn
|
|
|
05-10-2016
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
3.48
|
|
|
|
05-09-2023
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
12-06-2016
|
|
|
|
7,850
|
|
|
|
3.45
|
|
|
|
12-06-2023
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
08-15-2017
|
|
|
|
60,000
|
|
|
|
2.05
|
|
|
|
08-15-2024
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
05-08-2018
|
|
|
|
23,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
20,930
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
05-22-2019
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
27,300
|
|
Limoges,
Gérard
|
|
|
05-10-2016
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
3.48
|
|
|
|
05-09-2023
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
12-06-2016
|
|
|
|
7,850
|
|
|
|
3.45
|
|
|
|
12-06-2023
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
08-15-2017
|
|
|
|
60,000
|
|
|
|
2.05
|
|
|
|
08-15-2024
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
05-08-2018
|
|
|
|
23,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
20,930
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
05-22-2019
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
27,300
|
|
Norton,
Brent
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
05-08-2018
|
|
|
|
23,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
20,930
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
05-22-2019
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
27,300
|
|
Smith
Hoke, Robin
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
05-08-2018
|
|
|
|
23,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
20,930
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
05-22-2019
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
27,300
|
|
(1)
Value of unexercised “in-the-money options” at financial year-end is calculated based on the difference between the
closing prices of the Common Shares on the NASDAQ on the last trading day of the fiscal year (December 31, 2019) of $0.91 and
the exercise price of the options, multiplied by the number of unexercised options.
(2)
The Company used the closing price of its Common Shares on the NASDAQ as at the last trading day of the fiscal year (December
31, 2019) of $0.91
See
“Summary of the Stock Option Plan” for more details on the Company’s second amended and restated stock option
plan adopted by the Board on March 29, 2016 and ratified by the shareholders on May 10, 2016 (“Stock Option Plan”)
and see “Summary of Long-Term Incentive Plan” for more details on the Company’s long-term incentive plan adopted
by the Board on March 27, 2018, and ratified by the shareholders on May 8, 2018 (“Long-Term Incentive Plan”).
Total
Compensation of Outside Directors
The
table below summarizes the total compensation paid to our Outside Directors during the financial year ended December 31, 2019
(all amounts are in U.S. dollars). Our Outside Directors are generally paid in their home currency. Mr, Cardiff, Mr. Limoges,
Dr. Norton and Mr. Pollack were paid in Canadian dollars. Ms. Egbert and Ms. Hoke were paid in U.S. dollars and Mr. Ernst was
paid in Euros.
Name
|
|
Fees
earned(1)
|
|
|
Share-based
Awards(2)
|
|
|
Option-
based
Awards
|
|
|
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
|
|
|
Pension
Value
|
|
|
All
Other
Compensation
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
Cardiff, Michael(3)
|
|
|
9,571
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
9,571
|
|
Egbert, Carolyn
|
|
|
89,417
|
|
|
|
87,593
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
177,010
|
|
Ernst, Juergen(4)
|
|
|
4,229
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,229
|
|
Limoges, Gérard
|
|
|
60,432
|
|
|
|
87,593
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
148,025
|
|
Norton, Brent
|
|
|
56,705
|
|
|
|
87,593
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
144,298
|
|
Pollack, Jonathan(5)
|
|
|
11,181
|
|
|
|
87,593
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
98,774
|
|
Smith Hoke, Robin
|
|
|
42,892
|
|
|
|
87,593
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
130,485
|
|
(1)
In respect of our financial year ended December 31, 2019, we paid an aggregate amount of $274,427 to all of our Outside Directors
for services rendered in their capacity as directors, excluding reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses and the value of share-based
and option-based awards granted in 2019.
(2)
Amounts shown represent the value of the DSUs on the grant date ($3.15). The value of one DSU on the grant date is the closing
price of one Common Share on the NASDAQ on the last trading day preceding the date of grant.
(3)
Mr. Cardiff ceased to be a director on March 18, 2019.
(4)
Mr. Ernst ceased to be a director on May 7, 2019.
(5)
Mr. Pollack ceased to be a director on August 21, 2019.
Compensation
of Executive Officers
The
following is disclosure of information related to the compensation that we paid to our “Named Executive Officers”
during 2019. For the 2019 year, our “Named Executive Officers” were as follows:
●
|
Mr.
Michael Ward, who served as the President and Chief Executive Officer from October 1, 2017 to October 4, 2019;
|
●
|
Dr.
Klaus Paulini, who, since October 4, 2019, is serving as President and Chief Executive Officer, as well as Managing Director
AEZS Germany since July 2019;
|
|
|
●
|
Ms.
Leslie Auld, who, since September 24, 2018, is serving as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer as an independent
contractor;
|
|
|
●
|
Dr.
Matthias Gerlach, who serves as Vice President Manufacturing and Supply Chain, Mr. Eckhard Guenther, who serves as Vice President
Business Development & Alliance Management and Managing Director AEZS Germany and Ms. Nicola Ammer, who serves as Chief
Medical Officer and Vice President Clinical Development, who were our three most highly compensated executive officers (other
than our current and former Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer) employed at the end of 2019; and
|
|
|
●
|
Mr.
Brian Garrison, who served as Senior Vice President Global Commercial Operations from December 2017 to September 2019.
|
Compensation
Discussion & Analysis
Compensation
Philosophy and Objectives
Our
Board, through the NGCC, establishes our executive compensation program that is market-based and at a competitive percentile grouping
for both total cash and total direct compensation. The NGCC has established a compensation program that is designed to attract,
motivate and retain high-performing senior executives, encourage and reward superior performance and align the executives’
interests with those of our shareholders by:
●
|
providing
the opportunity for an executive to earn compensation that is competitive with the compensation received by executives serving
in the same or measurably similar positions within comparable companies;
|
|
|
●
|
providing
the opportunity for executives to participate in equity-based incentive compensation plans;
|
|
|
●
|
aligning
executive compensation with our corporate objectives; and
|
|
|
●
|
attracting
and retaining highly qualified individuals in key positions.
|
Compensation
Elements
Our
executive compensation is targeted at the 50th percentile for small cap biopharmaceutical companies within both the local and
national markets and is comprised of both fixed and variable components. The variable components include equity and non-equity
incentive plans. Each compensation component is intended to serve a different function, but all elements are intended to work
in concert to maximize both corporate and individual performance by establishing specific, competitive operational and corporate
goals and by providing financial incentives to employees based on their level of attainment of these goals.
Our
current executive compensation program is comprised of the following four basic components: (i) base salary; (ii) an annual bonus
linked to both individual and corporate performance; (iii) equity incentives, including stock options, previously granted under
our second amended and restated stock option plan adopted by the Board on March 29, 2016 and ratified by the shareholders of Aeterna
Zentaris on May 10, 2016 (the “Stock Option Plan”), and presently granted under the Company’s long-term incentive
plan adopted by the Board on March 27, 2018 and ratified by the shareholders of Aeterna Zentaris on May 8, 2018 (the “Long-Term
Incentive Plan”), established for the benefit of our directors, certain executive officers and other participants as may
be designated from time to time by either the Board or the NGCC; and (iv) other elements of compensation, consisting of benefits,
perquisites and retirement benefits.
Base
Salary. Base salaries are intended to provide a steady income to our executive officers regardless of share price. In determining
individual base salaries, the NGCC takes into consideration individual circumstances that may include the scope of an executive’s
position, the executive’s relevant competencies or experience and retention risk. The NGCC also takes into consideration
the fulfillment of our corporate objectives, as well as the individual performance of the executive.
Short-Term,
Non-Equity Incentive Compensation. Our short-term, non-equity incentive compensation plan sets a target cash bonus for each
executive officer, expressed as a percentage of the executive officer’s base salary. The amount of cash bonus paid to an
executive officer depends on the extent to which he or she contributed to the achievement of the annual performance objectives
established by the Board for the year. The annual performance objectives are specific operational, clinical, regulatory, financial,
commercial and corporate goals that are intended to advance our product pipeline, to promote the success of our commercial efforts
and to enhance our financial position. The annual performance objectives are set at the end of each financial year as part of
the annual review of corporate strategies. The performance objectives are not established for individual executive officers but
rather by functional area(s), many of which are carried out by or fall within the responsibility of our President and Chief Executive
Officer, Chief Financial Officer (or principal financial officer) and our other executive officers, including our Named Executive
Officers. The award of a cash bonus requires the approval of both the NGCC and the Board and is based upon an assessment of each
individual’s performance, as well as our overall performance at a corporate level. The determination of individual performance
does not involve quantitative measures using a mathematical calculation in which each individual performance objective is given
a numerical weight. Instead, the NGCC’s determination of individual performance is a subjective determination as to whether
a particular executive officer substantially achieved the stated objectives or over-performed or under-performed with respect
to corporate objectives that were deemed to be important to our success.
Long-Term
Equity Compensation Plan of Executive Officers. The long-term component of the compensation of our executive officers is based
exclusively on the Long Term Incentive Plan, which permits the issuance of a number of equity-based awards based on the contribution
of the officers and their responsibilities. The Board adopted a policy regarding stock option grants in December 2014, which provides
that each Named Executive Officer is eligible to receive options to acquire our Common Shares having a value, based on the Black-Scholes
option pricing model, equal to a specified multiple of his or her salary. The specified multiple for the President and Chief Executive
Officer is 1.5. The specified multiple for each other Named Executive Officer is 0.75. To encourage retention and focus management
on developing and successfully implementing our continuing growth strategy, stock options vest over a period of three years, with
the first third vesting on the first anniversary of the date of grant. Since the adoption of the Long-Term Incentive Plan in 2018,
we have broadened the types of equity-based awards which we may issue beyond stock options (to include, among other types, restricted
stock units, deferred share units and others).
Other
Forms of Compensation. Our executive employee benefits program also includes life, medical, dental and disability insurance
to the same extent and in the same manner as all other employees. Several of our executive officers also receive a car allowance
as a perquisite. These benefits and perquisites are designed to be competitive overall with equivalent positions in comparable
North American organizations in the life sciences industry. We also contribute to our North American employees’ retirement
plans up to an annual maximum amount of $19,000 for employees in the U.S. The contribution amounts for our U.S. employees are
subject to limitations imposed by the United States Internal Revenue Service on contributions to our most highly compensated employees.
Employees based in Frankfurt, Germany also benefit from certain employer contributions into the employees’ pension funds.
Our executive officers, including the Named Executive Officers, are eligible to participate in such employer-contribution plans
to the same extent and in the same manner as all other employees.
Positioning
The
NGCC is authorized to engage its own independent consultant to advise it with respect to executive compensation matters. While
the NGCC may rely on external information and advice, all of the decisions with respect to executive compensation are made by
the Board upon the recommendation of the NGCC and may reflect factors and considerations other than, or that may differ from,
the information and recommendations provided by any external compensation consultants that may be retained from time to time.
In
2013, the NGCC retained a compensation consultant to benchmark our executive compensation plan in an effort to determine whether
we were achieving our objective of providing market competitive compensation opportunities. The compensation consultant gathered
compensation data from companies that it concluded were of comparable size and/or stage of development as us and from other companies
with which we compete for executive talent and advised the NGCC that our executive compensation should be generally aligned with
the 50th percentile, or the mid-point, of the companies surveyed by the consultant. Furthermore, the consultant advised the NGCC
that the total cash target payment (base salary and, if applicable or awarded in cash, annual bonus) for our executive officers
in 2013 generally fell around the 50th percentile of the companies surveyed. The NGCC did not repeat or update the benchmarking
process in 2014 - 2019 because it concluded that doing so would not provide additional meaningful data, considering the expense
of the process. However, the NGCC, as a matter of good governance, annually reviews and assesses the Company’s current compensation
program and makes appropriate adjustments, if any.
Risk
Assessment of Executive Compensation Program
The
Board, through the NGCC, oversees the implementation of compensation methods that tie a portion of executive compensation to our
short-term and long-term performance and that of each executive officer and that take into account the advantages and risks associated
with such compensation methods. In addition, the Board oversees the creation of compensation policies that are intended to reward
the creation of shareholder value while reflecting a balance between our short-term and long-term performance and that of each
executive officer. The NGCC has considered in general terms the concept of risk as it relates to our executive compensation program.
Base
salaries are fixed in amount to provide a steady income to the executive officers regardless of share price and thus do not encourage
or reward risk-taking to the detriment of other important business, operational, commercial or clinical metrics or milestones.
The variable compensation elements (annual bonuses and equity-based awards) are designed to reward each of short-term, mid-term
and long-term performance. For short-term performance, a discretionary annual bonus may be awarded based on the timing and level
of attainment of specific operational and corporate goals that the NGCC believes to be challenging, yet does not encourage unnecessary
or excessive risk-taking. While our bonus payments are generally based on annual performance, a maximum bonus payment is pre-fixed
for each senior executive officer and represents only a portion of each individual’s overall total compensation opportunities.
In exceptional circumstances, a particular executive officer may be awarded a bonus that exceeds his or her maximum pre-fixed
or target bonus amount. Finally, a significant portion of executive compensation is provided in the form of equity-based awards,
which is intended to further align the interests of executives with those of shareholders. The NGCC believes that these awards
do not encourage unnecessary or excessive risk-taking since the ultimate value of the awards is tied to our share price, and in
the case of grants under the long-term incentive compensation plan, are generally subject to mid-term and long-term vesting schedules
to help ensure that executives generally have significant value tied to long-term share price performance.
The
NGCC believes that the variable compensation elements (annual bonuses and equity-based awards) represent a percentage of overall
compensation that is sufficient to motivate our executive officers to produce superior short-term, mid-term and long-term corporate
results, while the fixed compensation element (base salary) is also sufficient to discourage executive officers from taking unnecessary
or excessive risks. The NGCC and the Board also generally have the discretion to adjust annual bonuses and equity-based awards
based on individual performance and any other factors they may determine to be appropriate in the circumstances. Such factors
may include, where necessary or appropriate, the level of risk-taking a particular executive officer may have engaged in during
the preceding year.
Based
on the foregoing, the NGCC has not identified any specific risks associated with our executive compensation program that are reasonably
likely to have a material adverse effect on us. The NGCC believes that our executive compensation program does not encourage or
reward any unnecessary or excessive risk-taking behavior.
Our
directors, executive officers and employees are prohibited from purchasing, selling or otherwise trading in derivative securities
relating to our Common Shares. Derivative securities are securities whose value varies in relation to the price of our securities.
Examples of derivative securities include warrants to purchase our Common Shares, and put or call options written on our Common
Shares, as well as individually arranged derivative transactions, such as financial instruments, including, for greater certainty,
pre-paid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars, or units of exchange funds, which are designed to hedge or offset
a decrease in market value of our equity securities granted as executive compensation or directors’ remuneration. Options
to acquire our Common Shares and other equity-based awards issued pursuant to the Stock Option Plan or Long-Term Incentive Plan
are not derivative securities for this purpose.
2019
Compensation
Base
Salary. The primary element of our compensation program is base salary. Our view is that a competitive base salary is a necessary
element for retaining qualified executive officers. In determining individual base salaries, the NGCC takes into consideration
individual circumstances that may include the scope of an executive’s position, the executive’s relevant competencies
or experience and retention risk. The NGCC also takes into consideration the fulfillment of our corporate objectives, as well
as the individual performance of the executive.
Short-Term,
Non-Equity Incentive Compensation. The Board, based on the NGCC’s recommendation, adopted the following performance
objectives for 2019:
Goal
|
|
Result
|
Commercialization
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in Europe and ROW
|
Upon
EMA approval, develop strategy and implementation plan for commercialization through the out-licensing of Macrilen™
(macimorelin) for Europe and ROW
|
In
early 2019, the Company engaged Torreya to assist in identifying and executing upon such opportunities; however, the arrangement
with Torreya was terminated in October 2019.
|
Successfully
execute the board-approved strategy and implementation plan.
|
Not
completed. The Board approved a strategy and implementation plan to pursue commercialization opportunities for macimorelin
for the ROW and to implement non-macimorelin related opportunities. The Company continues to explore several potential opportunities,
but none has resulted in a transaction that was acceptable to the Company.
|
Commercialization
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the U.S. and Canada
|
Provide
effective support to Novo in its commercialization efforts to ensure Macrilen™ (macimorelin) through both effective
support in transition from Strongbridge and in its commercialization efforts.
|
Completed.
The Company provided annual FDA reporting, supplies, clinical development as well as establish key opinion leader advisory
board for Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
|
Ensure
effective clinical studies are in place to obtain approval of pediatric indication of Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
|
In
progress. The Company is collaborating with Novo and is providing appropriate activities with respect to the ongoing clinical
studies that are required to obtain approval for the pediatric indication of Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
|
Transition
from the Supply Arrangement to a final supply agreement
|
Fulfilled
by signing the supply agreement with Novo in November 2019.
|
Improve
operations
|
Manage
costs and control expenses to maximize cash conservation.
|
In
progress. Cost management continues to be an important objective as demonstrated by the restructuring of our German operations.
|
Ensure
appropriate capitalization of the Company
|
The
Company raised approximately $5 million in September 2019.
|
Long-Term
Equity Compensation
For
the financial year ended December 31, 2019, the Board approved an award of 25,000 stock options at an exercise price of $2.15
to Dr. Paulini on August 7, 2019 and an award of 35,000 stock options at an exercise price of $1.05 to Dr. Paulini on November
7, 2019, each in accordance with the Long-Term Incentive Plan. Further, the Board approved awards of a total of 125,000 stock
options at an exercise price of $0.87 to employees of the Company on December 4, 2019 in accordance with the Long-Term Incentive
Plan.
Summary
of the Stock Option Plan
We
established the Stock Option Plan in order to attract and retain directors, officers, employees and suppliers of ongoing services,
who will be motivated to work towards ensuring our success. The Board has full and complete authority to interpret the Stock Option
Plan, to establish applicable rules and regulations and to make all other determinations it deems necessary or useful for the
administration of the Stock Option Plan, provided that such interpretations, rules, regulations and determinations are consistent
with the rules of all stock exchanges and quotation systems on which our securities are then traded and with all relevant securities
legislation.
There were 441 options outstanding under
the Stock Option Plan representing approximately 0% of all issued and outstanding Common Shares on March 25, 2020. The
proposed number of Common Shares issuable pursuant to the Long-Term Incentive Plan is fixed at 11.4% of the issued and outstanding
Common Shares at any given time less the number of Common Shares issuable pursuant to stock options granted at such time under
the Stock Option Plan. See below for a complete description of the Long-Term Incentive Plan. The Company does not intend on issuing
any new stock options under the Stock Option Plan, and instead will issue any future stock options under the Long-Term Incentive
Plan.
Under
the Stock Option Plan, (i) the number of securities issuable to insiders, at any time, or issued within any one-year period, under
all of our security-based compensation arrangements, cannot exceed 10% of our issued and outstanding securities and (ii) no single
person eligible to receive grants under the Stock Option Plan (each a “Participant”) may hold options to purchase,
from time to time, more than 5% of our issued and outstanding Common Shares. In addition: (i) the aggregate fair value of options
granted under all of our security-based compensation arrangements to any one of our Outside Directors entitled to receive a benefit
under the Stock Option Plan, within any one-year period, cannot exceed $100,000 valued on a Black-Scholes basis and as determined
by the NGCC; and (ii) the aggregate number of securities issuable to all of our Outside Directors entitled to receive a benefit
under the Stock Option Plan, within any one-year period, under all of our security-based compensation arrangements, cannot exceed
1% of its issued and outstanding securities.
Options
granted under the Stock Option Plan may be exercised at any time within a maximum period of seven or ten years following the date
of their grant (the “Outside Expiry Date”), depending on the date of grant. The Board or the NGCC, as the case may
be, designates, at its discretion, the specific Participants to whom stock options are granted under the Stock Option Plan and
determines the number of Common Shares covered by each of such option grants, the grant date, the exercise price of each option,
the Outside Expiry Date and any other matter relating thereto, in each case in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations
of the regulatory authorities. The price at which the Common Shares may be purchased may not be lower than the greater of the
closing prices of the Common Shares on the NASDAQ on the last trading day preceding the date of grant of the option. Options granted
under the Stock Option Plan shall vest in equal tranches over a three-year period (one-third each year, starting on the first
anniversary of the grant date) or as otherwise determined by the Board or the NGCC, as the case may be. Participants may not assign
their options (nor any interest therein) other than by will or in accordance with the applicable laws of estates and succession.
Unless
the Board or the NGCC decides otherwise, Participants cease to be entitled to exercise their options under the Stock Option Plan:
(i) immediately, in the event a Participant who is an officer or employee resigns or voluntarily leaves his or her employment
or his or her employment is terminated with cause and, in the case of a Participant who is a non-employee director of us or one
of our subsidiaries, the date on which such Participant ceases to be a member of the relevant Board; (ii) six months following
the date on which employment is terminated as a result of the death of a Participant who is an officer or employee and, in the
case of a Participant who is an Outside Director, six months following the date on which such Participant ceases to be a member
of the Board by reason of death; (iii) 90 days following the date on which a Participant’s employment is terminated for
a reason other than those mentioned in (i) or (ii) above including, without limitation, upon the disability, long-term illness,
retirement or early retirement of the Participant; and (iv) where the Participant is a service supplier, 30 days following the
date on which such Participant ceases to act as such, for any cause or reason (each, an “Early Expiry Date”).
The
Stock Option Plan also provides that, if the expiry date of one or more options (whether an Early Expiry Date or an Outside Expiry
Date) occurs during a “blackout period” or within the seven business days immediately after a blackout period imposed
by us, the expiry date will be automatically extended to the date that is seven business days after the last day of the blackout
period. For the purposes of the foregoing, “blackout period” means the period during which trading in our securities
is restricted in accordance with our corporate policies.
If
(i) we accept an offer to amalgamate, merge or consolidate with any other entity (other than one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries)
or to sell or license all or substantially all of our assets to any other entity (other than one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries);
(ii) we sign a support agreement in customary form pursuant to which the Board agrees to support a takeover bid and recommends
that our shareholders tender their Common Shares to such takeover bid; or (iii) holders of more than 50% of our then outstanding
Common Shares tender all of their Common Shares to a takeover bid made to all of the holders of the Common Shares to purchase
all of the then issued and outstanding Common Shares, then, in each case, all of the outstanding options shall, without any further
action required to be taken by us, immediately vest. Each Participant shall thereafter be entitled to exercise all of such options
at any time up to and including, but not after the close of business on that date which is ten days following the Closing Date
(as defined below). Upon the expiration of such ten-day period, all rights of the Participant to such options or to the exercise
of same (to the extent not already exercised) shall automatically terminate and have no further force or effect whatsoever. “Closing
Date” is defined to mean (x) the closing date of the amalgamation, merger, consolidation, sale or license transaction in
the case of clause (i) above; (y) the first expiry date of the takeover bid on which each of the offeror’s conditions are
either satisfied or waived in the case of clause (ii) above; or (z) the date on which it is publicly announced that holders of
greater than 50% of our then outstanding Common Shares have tendered their Common Shares to a takeover bid in the case of clause
(iii) above.
The
Stock Option Plan provides that the following amendments may be made to the plan only upon approval of each of the Board and our
shareholders as well as receipt of all required regulatory approvals:
●
|
any
amendment to Section 3.2 of the Stock Option Plan (which sets forth the limit on the number of options that may be granted
to insiders) that would have the effect of permitting, without having to obtain shareholder approval on a “disinterested
vote” at a duly convened shareholders’ meeting, the grant of any option(s) under the Stock Option Plan otherwise
prohibited by Section 3.2;
|
|
|
●
|
any
amendment to the number of securities issuable under the Stock Option Plan (except for certain permitted adjustments, such
as in the case of stock splits, consolidations or reclassifications);
|
|
|
●
|
any
amendment that would permit any option granted under the Stock Option Plan to be transferable or assignable other than by
will or in accordance with the applicable laws of estates and succession;
|
|
|
●
|
the
addition of a cashless exercise feature, payable in cash or securities, which does not provide for a full deduction of the
number of underlying securities from the Stock Option Plan reserve;
|
|
|
●
|
the
addition of a deferred or restricted share unit component or any other provision that results in employees receiving securities
while no cash consideration is received by us;
|
|
|
●
|
with
respect to any Participant, whether or not such Participant is an “insider” and except in respect of certain permitted
adjustments, such as in the case of stock splits, consolidations or reclassifications:
|
|
|
●
|
any
reduction in the exercise price of any option after the option has been granted, or
|
|
|
●
|
any
cancellation of an option and the re-grant of that option under different terms, or
|
|
|
●
|
any
extension to the term of an option beyond its Outside Expiry Date to a Participant who is an “insider” (except
for extensions made in the context of a “blackout period”);
|
|
|
●
|
any
amendment to the method of determining the exercise price of an option granted pursuant to the Stock Option Plan;
|
|
|
●
|
the
addition of any form of financial assistance or any amendment to a financial assistance provision which is more favorable
to employees; and
|
|
|
●
|
any
amendment to the foregoing amending provisions requiring Board, shareholder and regulatory approvals.
|
The
Stock Option Plan further provides that the following amendments may be made to the Stock Option Plan upon approval of the Board
and upon receipt of all required regulatory approvals, but without shareholder approval:
●
|
amendments
of a “housekeeping” or clerical nature or to clarify the provisions of the Stock Option Plan;
|
|
|
●
|
amendments
regarding any vesting period of an option;
|
|
|
●
|
amendments
regarding the extension of an option beyond an Early Expiry Date in respect of any Participant, or the extension of an option
beyond the Outside Expiry Date in respect of any Participant who is a “non-insider”;
|
|
|
●
|
adjustments
to the number of issuable Common Shares underlying, or the exercise price of, outstanding options resulting from a split or
a consolidation of the Common Shares, a reclassification, the payment of a stock dividend, the payment of a special cash or
non-cash distribution to our shareholders on a pro rata basis provided such distribution is approved by our shareholders
in accordance with applicable law, a recapitalization, a reorganization or any other event which necessitates an equitable
adjustment to the outstanding options in proportion with corresponding adjustments made to all outstanding Common Shares;
|
|
|
●
|
discontinuing
or terminating the Stock Option Plan; and
|
|
|
●
|
any
other amendment which does not require shareholder approval under the terms of the Stock Option Plan.
|
Summary
of the Long-Term Incentive Plan
The
purpose of the Long-Term Incentive Plan is to (i) promote our long-term financial interests and growth by attracting and retaining
management and other personnel and key service providers with the training, experience and ability to enable them to make a substantial
contribution to the success of our business; (ii) motivate management personnel by means of growth-related incentives to achieve
long-range goals; and (iii) further the alignment of interests of participants with those of our shareholders through opportunities
for increased share ownership in the Company.
The
NGCC is the administrator of the Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Administrator”). At any time, the Board may serve
as the Administrator of the Long-Term Incentive Plan, in lieu of, or in addition, to the NGCC. Except as provided otherwise under
the Long-Term Incentive Plan, the Administrator has plenary authority to grant awards pursuant to the terms of the Long-Term Incentive
Plan to eligible individuals, determine the types of awards and the number of shares to be covered by the awards, establish the
terms and conditions for awards and take all other actions necessary or desirable to carry out the purpose and intent of the Long-Term
Incentive Plan.
Participation
in the Long-Term Incentive Plan is generally open to all officers, employees and other individuals, including Outside Directors.
However, any individual whose services to the Company or any of its subsidiaries are limited to capital-raising transactions,
or the promotion and maintenance of a market for the Company securities, are ineligible to participate in the Long-Term Incentive
Plan. Prospective officers, employees and other service providers who have accepted offers to provide services to the Company
may also participate in the Long-Term Incentive Plan.
The
Long-Term Incentive Plan enables the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, stock unit awards, performance
shares, cash-based performance units and other stock-based awards, each of which may be granted separately or in tandem with other
awards.
The
maximum number of Common Shares issuable under the Long-Term Incentive Plan is fixed at 11.4% of the issued and outstanding Common
Shares at any given time, less the number of Common Shares issuable pursuant to stock options granted at such time under the Stock
Option Plan. There were 953,116 awards outstanding under the Long-Term Incentive Plan representing approximately 4% of
all issued and outstanding Common Shares on March 25, 2020. See above for a complete description of the Stock Option Plan.
The
number of securities issuable to insiders, at any time, or issued within any one-year period, under all of our security-based
compensation arrangements, cannot exceed 10% of our issued and outstanding securities and no single participant may hold options
to purchase, from time to time, more than 5% of our issued and outstanding Common Shares.
The
aggregate fair value of options granted under all of our security-based compensation arrangements to any one of our Outside Directors
entitled to receive a benefit under the Long-Term Incentive Plan, within any one-year period, cannot exceed $100,000 valued on
a Black-Scholes basis and as determined by the NGCC; and the aggregate number of securities issuable to all of our Outside Directors
entitled to receive a benefit under the Long-Term Incentive Plan, within any one-year period, under all of our security-based
compensation arrangements, cannot exceed 1% of its issued and outstanding securities.
Except
as provided below or within an award agreement, each award granted under the Long-Term Incentive Plan (other than a performance
unit that cannot be paid in shares) will be subject to a minimum vesting period or minimum restriction period as follows: (i)
each stock option or SAR will be subject to a minimum vesting period of 12 months from the date of grant, (ii) each award of stock,
stock units, performance shares, performance units payable in shares and other stock- based awards (“Full Value Awards”)
granted to non-employee directors will be subject to a minimum restriction period of 12 months from the date of grant, and (iii)
each Full Value Award granted to a participant other than a non-employee director will be subject to a minimum restriction period
of 12 months from the date of grant if vesting of or lapse of restrictions on such award is based on the satisfaction of performance
goals and a minimum restriction period of 36 months from the date of grant, applied in either pro rata installments or a single
installment, if vesting of or lapse of restrictions on such award is based solely on the participant’s satisfaction of specified
service requirements with us (provided that no such Full Value Awards will vest or have its restrictions lapse during the first
12 months following the date of grant). If the grant of a performance award is conditioned on satisfaction of performance goals,
the performance period must not be less than 12 months’ duration, but no additional minimum restriction period need apply
to such award. The minimum vesting period or minimum restriction period will not apply in the case of death or disability of a
participant or in the event of a change in control. Awards that result in the issuance of an aggregate of up to 5% of the share
pool under the Long-Term Incentive Plan may be granted without regard to such minimum vesting period or minimum restriction period.
Awards
granted under the Long-Term Incentive Plan shall not be subject in any manner to alienation, anticipation, sale, transfer, assignment,
pledge, or encumbrance, except as otherwise determined by the Administrator; provided, however, that this restriction shall not
apply to the Common Shares received in connection with an award after the date that the restrictions on transferability of such
shares set forth in the applicable award agreement have lapsed.
Except
as provided in the applicable award agreement or otherwise determined by the Administrator, and subject to the minimum vesting
period or minimum restriction period described above, upon termination of service (as defined in the Long-Term Incentive Plan):
●
|
Stock
options or stock appreciation rights shall be forfeited, to the extent stock options or stock appreciation rights are not
vested and exercisable;
|
|
|
●
|
During
the applicable restriction period, restricted stock and any accrued but unpaid dividends that are at that time subject to
restrictions shall be forfeited; and
|
|
|
●
|
During
the applicable deferral period or portion thereof to which forfeiture conditions apply, or upon failure to satisfy any other
conditions precedent to the delivery of common shares or cash to which RSUs, performance shares or performance units relate,
all performance shares, performance units and RSUs and any other accrued but unpaid dividend equivalents with respect to such
RSUs that are then subject to deferral or restriction shall be forfeited.
|
In the event of a change in control (as defined
in the Long-Term Incentive Plan) of the Company, outstanding awards will terminate upon the effective time of the change in control
unless provision is made for the continuation, assumption or substitution of awards by the surviving or successor entity or its
parent. Unless an award agreement says otherwise, the following will occur with respect to awards that terminate in connection
with a change in control of the Company:
●
|
stock options and SARs, whether vested or unvested, will become fully exercisable and holders of these awards will be permitted immediately before the change in control to exercise them;
|
|
|
●
|
restricted stock and RSUs with time-based vesting (i.e., not subject to achievement of performance goals) will become fully vested immediately before the change in control, and RSUs will be settled as promptly as is practicable in accordance with applicable law; and
|
|
|
●
|
restricted stock, RSUs, performance shares, and performance units that vest based on the achievement of performance goals will become fully vested and earned based on the target performance level as to the performance goals, such that 100% of the target award is earned as of the date of the change of control; and the RSUs and performance units will be settled as promptly as is practicable in accordance with applicable law.
|
The Long-Term Incentive Plan will terminate
on the earlier of (i) the earliest date as of which all awards granted under the Long-Term Incentive Plan have been satisfied in
full or terminated and no shares approved for issuance under the Long-Term Incentive Plan remain available to be granted under
new awards, or (ii) the tenth anniversary of date the Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, is approved by our shareholders.
The Administrator may amend, alter or discontinue
the Long-Term Incentive Plan, but no amendment, alteration or discontinuation will be made that would materially impair the rights
of a participant with respect to a previously granted award without his or her consent, except such an amendment made to comply
with applicable law or rule of any securities exchange or market on which our Common Shares are listed or admitted for trading
or to prevent adverse tax or accounting consequences to the Company or the participant. In no event, however, will an amendment
be made without the approval of our shareholders to the extent such amendment would (i) materially increase the benefits accruing
to participants under the Long-Term Incentive Plan, (ii) increase the number of shares that may be issued under the Long-Term Incentive
Plan or to a participant, (iii) materially expand the eligibility for participation in the Long-Term Incentive Plan, (iv) eliminate
or modify the prohibition on repricing of stock options and SARs, (v) lengthen the maximum term or lower the minimum exercise price
or base price permitted for stock options and SARs, (vi) modify the prohibition on the issuance of reload or replenishment options,
(vii) amend the amendment provisions in the Long-Term Incentive Plan, or (viii) amend the Long-Term Incentive Plan to remove or
exceed the 10% insider participation limit.
Outstanding Option-Based Awards and Share-Based
Awards
The following table shows all awards outstanding
to our Named Executive Officers as of December 31, 2019:
|
|
Option-based Awards
|
|
|
Share-based Awards
|
|
Name
|
|
Issuance Date
|
|
|
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options(1)
|
|
|
Option Exercise Price
|
|
|
Option Expiration Date
|
|
|
Value of Unexercised In-the- money Options(2)
|
|
|
Issuance Date
|
|
|
Number of Shares or Units of shares that have Not
Vested
|
|
|
Market or Payout
Value of Share- based
Awards that have Not Vested
|
|
|
Market or Payout Value
of Vested Share-based Awards Not Paid Out or Distributed
|
|
|
|
(mm-dd-yyyy)
|
|
|
(#)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
(mm-dd-yyyy)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(#)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
($)
|
|
Auld, Leslie
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Garrison, Brian(3)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Paulini, Klaus
|
|
|
12/06/2016
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
3.45
|
|
|
|
12/06/2023
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
08/15/2019
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
2.15
|
|
|
|
08/15/2026
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
11/11/2019
|
|
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
|
1.05
|
|
|
|
11/11/2022
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Ward, Michael V.(4)
|
|
|
08/15/2017
|
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
|
2.05
|
|
|
|
08/15/2024
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
04/02/2018
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
1.46
|
|
|
|
04/02/2025
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
06/22/2018
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
2.11
|
|
|
|
06/22/2025
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Guenther, Eckhard
|
|
|
12/21/2015
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
4.58
|
|
|
|
12/21/2022
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
11/08/2016
|
|
|
|
398
|
|
|
|
3.50
|
|
|
|
11/08/2023
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
12/06/2016
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
3.45
|
|
|
|
12/06/2023
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
12/04/2019
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
0.87
|
|
|
|
12/04/2026
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Gerlach, Matthias
|
|
|
12/21/2015
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
4.58
|
|
|
|
12/21/2022
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
12/06/2016
|
|
|
|
15,000
|
|
|
|
3.45
|
|
|
|
12/06/2023
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
12/04/2019
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
0.87
|
|
|
|
12/04/2026
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Ammer, Nicola
|
|
|
12/06/2016
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
3.45
|
|
|
|
12/06/2023
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
12/04/2019
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
0.87
|
|
|
|
12/04/2026
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
(1)
|
The number of securities underlying unexercised options represents all awards outstanding at December 31, 2019.
|
|
|
(2)
|
“Value of unexercised in-the-money options” at financial year-end is calculated based on the difference between the closing price of the Common Shares on the NASDAQ on the last trading day of the fiscal year (December 31, 2019) of $0.91 and the exercise price of the options, multiplied by the number of unexercised options.
|
|
|
(3)
|
Mr. Garrison ceased to be the Senior Vice President, Global Commercial Operations on September 13, 2019. All outstanding stock options held by Mr. Garrison were cancelled in accordance with the provisions of the Stock Option Plan.
|
|
|
(4)
|
Mr. Ward ceased to be the President and Chief Executive Officer on October 4, 2019.
|
There were no share-based awards outstanding
to our Named Executive Officers at December 31, 2019.
Incentive Plan Awards - Value Vested or
Earned During the Year
The following table shows the incentive plan
awards value vested or earned for each Named Executive Officer for the financial year ended December 31, 2019:
Name
|
|
Option-based awards —
Value
vested during the year(1)
($)
|
|
|
Share-based awards —
Value
vested during the year
($)
|
|
|
Non-equity incentive plan compensation —
Value earned during the year
($)
|
|
Ammer, Nicola
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
20,608
|
|
Auld, Leslie
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Garrison, Brian
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Gerlach, Matthias
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
22,400
|
|
Guenther, Eckhard
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
12,443
|
|
Paulini, Klaus
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
22,400
|
|
Ward, Michael V.
|
|
|
87,002
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
(1)
|
Represents the aggregate dollar value that would have been realized if the options had been exercised on the vesting date, based on the difference between the closing price of the Common Shares on the NASDAQ and the exercise price on such vesting date. If closing price of the Common Shares on the NASDAQ on the vesting date was lower than the exercise price, then $nil was considered realized.
|
Summary Compensation
Table
The Summary Compensation Table
set forth below shows compensation information for each of the Named Executive Officers for services rendered in all capacities
during the financial year ended December 31, 2019. All amounts in the table below are in U.S. dollars. All cash amounts
paid to Messrs. Ward and Garrison were paid in U.S. dollars. Ms. Auld’s
cash payments were made in Canadian dollars. All cash amounts paid to Dr. Paulini,
Dr. Ammer and Messrs. Guenther and Gerlach were made in Euros.
SUMMARY
COMPENSATION TABLE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-equity
incentive plan compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
and principal position
|
|
Years
|
|
Salary
|
|
|
Share
based awards
|
|
|
Option
based awards (1)
|
|
|
Annual
incentive plan
|
|
|
Long-
term incentive plans
|
|
|
Pension
Value
|
|
|
All
other compensation
|
|
|
Total
compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
|
($)
|
|
Paulini, Klaus(2)
President and Chief Executive
Officer; Managing Director
AEZS Germany
|
|
2019
|
|
|
197,282
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
66,781
|
|
|
|
22,400
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,213
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
289,676
|
|
Ward,
Michael V.
Former
President and Chief
Executive
Officer(3)
|
|
2019
|
|
|
359,260
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
359,260
|
|
Auld, Leslie
Senior Vice President and
Chief
Financial Officer
|
|
2019
|
|
|
194,060
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
194,060
|
|
Garrison, Brian
Former Senior Vice President
Global
Commercial Operations
|
|
2019
|
|
|
196,350
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
196,350
|
|
Guenther, Eckhard
Vice President Business Development and Alliance
Management;
Managing Director AEZS Germany
|
|
2019
|
|
|
169,438
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
14,792
|
|
|
|
12,443
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,213
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
199,886
|
|
Gerlach, Matthias
Vice
President Manufacturing and Supply Chain
|
|
2019
|
|
|
159,862
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
11,834
|
|
|
|
22,400
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
11,355
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
205,451
|
|
Ammer, Nicola
Chief Medical Officer and
Vice
President Clinical
Development
|
|
2019
|
|
|
139,802
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
14,792
|
|
|
|
20,608
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,162
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
177,364
|
|
(1)
|
The value of option-based awards represents the closing price of the Common Shares on the NASDAQ on the last trading day preceding the date of grant multiplied by the Black-Scholes factor as at such date and the number of stock options granted on such date. The following table sets forth the value of the option-based awards and the corresponding Black-Scholes factor:
|
Date of Grant
|
|
Value of Grant
|
|
|
Black-Scholes Factor
|
|
November 9, 2016
|
|
$
|
3.50
|
|
|
|
80.35
|
%
|
December 6, 2016
|
|
$
|
3.45
|
|
|
|
80.57
|
%
|
December 16, 2016
|
|
$
|
3.80
|
|
|
|
80.68
|
%
|
August 15, 2017
|
|
$
|
2.05
|
|
|
|
78.86
|
%
|
April 2, 2018
|
|
$
|
1.46
|
|
|
|
77.57
|
%
|
June 22, 2018
|
|
$
|
2.11
|
|
|
|
80.86
|
%
|
August 15, 2019
|
|
$
|
2.15
|
|
|
|
79.22
|
%
|
November 11, 2019
|
|
$
|
1.05
|
|
|
|
67.13
|
%
|
December 4, 2019
|
|
$
|
0.87
|
|
|
|
68.01
|
%
|
(2)
|
Dr. Paulini did not receive any compensation in his role as a director.
|
|
|
(3)
|
Mr. Ward received $75,000 as severance payments subsequent to October 4, 2019, the date that he ceased to be President and Chief Executive Officer. This amount is not included in the amounts above.
|
Compensation of the Chief Executive Officer
The compensation of our President
and Chief Executive Officer is governed by our executive compensation policy described in the section titled “Compensation
of Executive Officers”, and the President and Chief Executive Officer participates, together with the other Named Executive
Officers, in all our incentive plans.
Dr. Paulini’s total earnings during
the financial year ended December 31, 2019 was $230,733, including an incentive bonus in the amount of $22,400.
For the financial year ended December 31, 2019,
the Board approved an award of 25,000 stock options at an exercise price of $2.15 to Mr. Paulini on August 7, 2019 and an award
of 35,000 stock options at an exercise price of $1.05 to Mr. Paulini on November 7, 2019, each in accordance with the Long-Term
Incentive Plan.
Mr. Ward’s total earnings during the financial
year ended December 31, 2019 was $524,478, not including the $75,000 severance payment he received subsequent to the date
that he ceased to be President and Chief Executive Officer. He received no incentive bonus.
See “Long-Term Equity Compensation
Plan of Executive Officers - Summary of the Stock Option Plan”, for a complete description of the Stock Option Plan. See
“Long-Term Equity Compensation Plan of Executive Officers - Summary of the Long-Term Incentive Plan”, for a complete
description of the Long-Term Incentive Plan.
Pension, retirement or similar benefits
As at December 31, 2019, the Company
and its subsidiaries had accrued pension, retirement or similar benefits obligations amounting to $13.7 million. See note 18 -
Employee future benefits, to the audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 18 of this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
Our Articles provide that our
Board shall be composed of a minimum of five (5) and a maximum of fifteen (15) directors. Directors are elected annually by our
shareholders, but the directors may from time to time appoint one or more directors, provided that the total number of directors
so appointed does not exceed one-third of the number of directors elected at the last annual meeting of shareholders. Each elected
director will remain in office until termination of the next annual meeting of the shareholders or until his or her successor is
duly elected or appointed, unless his or her post is vacated earlier. We do not have service agreements with our independent directors.
See Item 6A. for information
about the period of service of each of our directors and senior corporate officers.
Standing Committees of the Board of Directors
Our Board has established an Audit Committee
and a NGCC.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee assists
the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. The Audit Committee reviews the financial reporting process, the system
of internal control, the audit process, and our process for monitoring compliance with laws and regulations and with our Code of
Ethical Conduct. In performing its duties, the Audit Committee will maintain effective working relationships with the Board, management,
and the external auditors. To effectively perform his or her role, each committee member will obtain an understanding of the detailed
responsibilities of committee membership as well as our business, operations and risks.
The function of the Audit Committee
is oversight and while it has the responsibilities and powers set forth in its charter (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11.3
to this Annual Report on Form 20-F), it is neither the duty of the committee to plan or to conduct audits or to determine that
our financial statements are complete, accurate and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, nor to maintain
internal controls and procedures.
The current members of the
Audit Committee are Gérard Limoges (Chair), Brent Norton, and Carolyn Egbert.
NGCC
The NGCC is responsible for,
among other matters, (i) assisting the Board in developing our approach to corporate governance issues, (ii) proposing new Board
nominees, (iii) overseeing the assessment of the effectiveness of the Board and its committees, their respective chairs and individual
directors and (iv) making recommendations to the Board with respect to board member nominees and directors’ compensation,
as well as serving in a leadership role for our corporate governance practices. It is also responsible for taking all reasonable
actions to ensure that appropriate human resources policies, procedures and systems, e.g., recruitment and retention policies,
competency and performance metrics and measurements, training and development programs, and market-based, competitive compensation
and benefits structures, are in place so that we can attract, motivate and retain the quality of personnel required to achieve
our business objectives. The NGCC also assists the Board in discharging its responsibilities relating to the recruitment, retention,
development, assessment, compensation and succession planning for our executive and senior management members.
Thus, the NGCC recommends the
appointment of senior officers, including the terms and conditions of their appointment and termination, and reviews the evaluation
of the performance of our senior officers, including recommending their compensation and overseeing risk identification and management
in relation to executive compensation policies and practices. The Board, which includes the members of the NGCC, reviews the Chief
Executive Officer’s corporate strategy, goals and performance objectives and evaluates and measures his or her performance
and compensation against the achievement of such goals and objectives.
The NGCC recognizes that the
industry, regulatory and competitive environment in which we operate requires a balanced level of risk-taking to promote and achieve
the performance expectations of executives of a specialty biopharmaceutical company. The NGCC is of the view that our executive
compensation program should not encourage senior executives to take inappropriate or unreasonable risk. In this regard, the NGCC
recommends the implementation of compensation methods that appropriately connect a portion of senior executive compensation with
our short-term and longer-term performance, as well as that of each individual executive officer and that take into account the
advantages and risks associated with such compensation methods. The NGCC is also responsible for establishing compensation policies
that are intended to reward the creation of shareholder value while reflecting a balance between our short-term and longer-term
performance and that of each executive officer.
The current members of the Compensation Committee
are Brent Norton (Chair), Carolyn Egbert and Robin Smith Hoke.
As at December 31, 2019, we
had a total of 11 active employees, of which 10 are based in Frankfurt, Germany. The one remaining employee is based in the U.S.
and our CFO is based in Toronto, Canada. As of December 31, 2018, we had a total of 22 active employees, of which 18 were based
in Frankfurt, Germany, four were based in the U.S. and the CFO was based in Toronto, Canada. As of December 31, 2017, we had a
total of 34 active employees, of which 30 were based in Frankfurt, Germany and the remaining four were based in the U.S.
Our current employees are engaged
in the following activities: (i) 3 are engaged in research and development, regulatory affairs and quality assurance; (ii) 3 are
involved in commercial operations and business development; and (iii) 5 are involved in various administrative functions, including
finance and accounting. We do not employ any sales representatives. Under the German Restructuring Plan started in 2017, 8 employees
left our German subsidiary in 2019 and one was re-employed (22 were terminated in 2017, three of them left in 2017, 14 of them
left in 2018. Five of the employees who were terminated in 2017 were re-employed in 2018). The Managing Director of the German
site was replaced during 2018 with Mr. Ward. Mr. Ward resigned as Managing Director effective July 26, 2019, when Dr. Paulini assumed
this role.
We have agreements with our
employees covering confidentiality, loyalty, non-competition and assignment of all intellectual property rights developed during
the employment period.
The table below sets forth information as of March 11, 2019 provided
to us by our current directors and named executive officers concerning their ownership of Common Shares and stock options of the
Company:
Name
|
|
No.
of Common Shares owned or held
|
|
|
Percent(1)
|
|
|
No.
of stock options held(2)
|
|
|
No.
of currently exercisable options
|
|
Ammer,
Nicola
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Auld,
Leslie
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Egbert,
Carolyn
|
|
|
1,920
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
77,850
|
|
|
|
57,850
|
|
Gagnon,
Gilles(3)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Gerlach,
Matthias
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
Guenther,
Eckhard
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
40,398
|
|
|
|
15,398
|
|
Limoges,
Gérard
|
|
|
1,200
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
77,850
|
|
|
|
57,850
|
|
Norton,
Brent
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Paulini,
Klaus
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
62,500
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
Smith
Hoke, Robin
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
|
|
|
3,120
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
333,598
|
|
|
|
153,598
|
|
* Less than 1%
(1)
|
Based on 23,472,771 Common Shares outstanding as at March 11, 2019.
|
(2)
|
For information regarding option expiration dates and exercise price refer to the tables included under the caption “Outstanding Option-Based Awards and Share-Based Awards”.
|
(3)
|
Mr. Gagnon joined the Board on January 1, 2020.
|
Item 7.
|
Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
|
We are not directly
or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation or by any foreign government. Based
on filings with the SEC and the Canadian securities regulatory authorities, as at March 25, 2020, no individual or entity,
other than as set out below, beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, or exercised control or direction over our Common Shares
carrying more than 5% of the voting rights attached to all our Common Shares (to whom we refer as our major shareholders). The
ownership percentages reflected below are based on 23,472,771 Common Shares outstanding as of March 25, 2020. The shareholders
listed below do not have any different voting rights from any of our other shareholders. We know of no arrangements that would,
at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of the Company.
Beneficial Owner
|
|
No. of Common Shares
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
|
|
|
5% or Greater Shareholders
|
|
|
|
|
Armistice Capital Master Fund, LTD1
|
|
1,213,738
|
|
5.2%
|
Empery Asset Management, LP2
|
|
1,673,440
|
|
4.99%
|
1 Based solely on a Schedule 13G filed February 28, 2020,
with the SEC. Does not include any warrants held, which are subject to a 4.99% blocker. The business address of Armistice Capital
Master Fund, LTD is 510 Madison Ave, Floor 7, New York, NY 10022.
2 Based solely on a Schedule 13G filed January 23, 2020,
with the SEC. Represents (i) 12,440 Common Shares and (ii) warrants to purchase 1,661,000 Common Shares at $7.10 per share held
by Empery Asset Management, LP (“Empery Asset”). The exercise of the foregoing warrants are subject to a 4.99% blocker.
The “No. of Common Shares” column in the table above represents all Common Shares and warrants while the “Percentage”
column represents all Common Shares and only those warrants not subject to the blocker. The business address of Empery Asset is
1 Rockefeller Plaza, Suite 1205, New York, NY 10020.
Changes in Percentage Ownership by Major Shareholders
We had no major
shareholders in 2017. During 2018, J. Goldman & Co., L.P. J., Goldman Capital Management,
Inc., and Jay G. Goldman (collectively, “Goldman”) became major shareholders due to the acquisition of over 5% of our
outstanding Common Shares, and as of December 31, 2019, Goldman ceased to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our Common
Shares, based solely on a Schedule 13G filed February 14, 2020, with the SEC.
United
States Shareholders
Based on a review of the information provide
to us by our transfer agent, as at March 18, 2020, there were 14 holders of record of our Common Shares, of which two were
registered with an address in the U.S. holding in the aggregate approximately 99.27% of our outstanding Common Shares. We believe
that the number of beneficial owners of our Common Shares is substantially greater than the number of record holders, because the
overwhelming majority of our Common Shares are held in broker “street names”.
B.
|
Related party transactions
|
Other than employment agreements and indemnification agreements
with our management, there are no related party transactions.
C.
|
Interests of experts and counsel
|
Not required.
Item 8.
|
Financial Information
|
A.
|
Consolidated statements and other financial information
|
The consolidated financial statements filed as
part of this Annual Report on Form 20-F are presented under “Item 18. – Financial Statements”.
No significant changes occurred since the date
of our annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
Item 9.
|
The Offer and Listing
|
A.
|
Offer and listing details
|
Not applicable, except for
Item 9A(4). Our Common Shares are listed on both the NASDAQ and the TSX under the symbol “AEZS”. The following table
indicates, for the relevant periods, the high and low closing prices of our Common Shares on the NASDAQ and on the TSX as of December
31, 2019:
|
|
NASDAQ (US$)
|
|
|
TSX (CAN$)
|
|
|
|
High
|
|
|
Low
|
|
|
High
|
|
|
Low
|
|
2018
|
|
|
3.87
|
|
|
|
1.19
|
|
|
|
5.10
|
|
|
|
1.53
|
|
2017
|
|
|
3.65
|
|
|
|
0.84
|
|
|
|
4.81
|
|
|
|
1.13
|
|
2019
|
|
|
5.57
|
|
|
|
0.76
|
|
|
|
7.43
|
|
|
|
1.01
|
|
Fourth quarter
|
|
|
1.08
|
|
|
|
0.77
|
|
|
|
1.45
|
|
|
|
1.02
|
|
Third quarter
|
|
|
2.97
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
3.86
|
|
|
|
1.33
|
|
Second quarter
|
|
|
5.43
|
|
|
|
2.04
|
|
|
|
7.26
|
|
|
|
2.73
|
|
First quarter
|
|
|
4.65
|
|
|
|
3.03
|
|
|
|
6.25
|
|
|
|
4.12
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fourth quarter
|
|
|
3.87
|
|
|
|
1.30
|
|
|
|
5.10
|
|
|
|
1.69
|
|
Third quarter
|
|
|
2.03
|
|
|
|
1.60
|
|
|
|
2.69
|
|
|
|
2.10
|
|
Second quarter
|
|
|
2.62
|
|
|
|
1.19
|
|
|
|
3.34
|
|
|
|
1.53
|
|
First quarter
|
|
|
2.41
|
|
|
|
1.46
|
|
|
|
3.01
|
|
|
|
1.89
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fourth quarter
|
|
|
2.70
|
|
|
|
1.87
|
|
|
|
3.48
|
|
|
|
2.38
|
|
Third quarter
|
|
|
2.87
|
|
|
|
0.98
|
|
|
|
3.57
|
|
|
|
1.28
|
|
Second quarter
|
|
|
3.35
|
|
|
|
0.84
|
|
|
|
4.50
|
|
|
|
1.13
|
|
First quarter
|
|
|
3.65
|
|
|
|
2.45
|
|
|
|
4.81
|
|
|
|
3.24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Not applicable.
Our Common Shares are listed and posted for
trading on both the NASDAQ and the TSX under the symbol “AEZS”.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Item 10.
|
Additional Information
|
Not required.
|
B.
|
Memorandum and articles of association
|
We are governed by our restated articles of
incorporation (the “Restated Articles of Incorporation”) under the CBCA and by articles of amendment dated October
2, 2012, November 17, 2015, and May 9, 2019 (together with the Restated Articles of Incorporation, the “Articles”)
and by our bylaws, as amended and restated on March 21, 2013 (the “bylaws”). Our Articles are on file with Corporations
Canada under Corporation Number 264271-9. The Articles do not include a stated purpose and do not place any restrictions on the
business that we may carry on.
Inspection Rights of Shareholders
Under the CBCA, shareholders
are entitled to be provided with a copy of the list of our registered shareholders. In order to obtain the shareholder list, a
shareholder must provide to us an affidavit including, among other things, a statement that the list will only be used for the
purposes permitted by the CBCA. These permitted purposes include an effort to influence the voting of our shareholders, an offer
to acquire our securities and any other matter relating to our affairs. We are entitled to charge a reasonable fee for the provision
of the shareholder list and must deliver that list no more than ten days after receipt of the affidavit described above.
Under the CBCA, shareholders
have the right to inspect certain corporate records, including our Articles and bylaws and minutes of meetings and resolutions
of the shareholders. Shareholders have no statutory right to inspect minutes of meetings and resolutions of our directors. Our
shareholders have the right to certain financial information respecting us. In addition to the annual and quarterly financial statements
required to be filed under applicable securities laws, we are required by the CBCA to place before every annual meeting of shareholders
our audited comparative annual financial statements. In addition, shareholders have the right to examine the financial statements
of each of our subsidiaries and any other corporate entity whose accounts are consolidated in our financial statements.
Directors
The minimum number of directors
we must have is five (5) and the maximum number is fifteen (15). In accordance with the CBCA, at least 25% of our directors must
be residents of Canada. In order to serve as a director, a person must be a natural person at least 18 years of age, of sound mind,
not bankrupt, and must not be prohibited by any court from holding the office of director. None of the Articles, the bylaws and
the CBCA impose any mandatory retirement requirements for directors.
The directors are elected by
a majority of the votes cast at the annual meeting at which an election of directors is required, to hold office until the election
of their successors, except in the case of resignations or if their offices become vacant by death or otherwise. Subject to the
provisions of our bylaws, all directors may, if still qualified to serve as directors, stand for re-election. The Board is not
replaced at staggered intervals but is elected annually.
There is no provision in our
bylaws or Articles that requires that a director must be a shareholder.
The directors are entitled
to remuneration as shall from time to time be determined by the Board or by a committee to which the Board may delegate the power
to do so. Under the mandate of the NGCC, such committee, comprised of at least a majority of independent directors, is tasked with
making recommendations to the Board concerning director remuneration.
The CBCA provides that a director
who is a party to, or who is a director or officer of, or has a material interest in, any person who is a party to a material contract
or transaction or proposed material contract or transaction with us must disclose to us the nature and extent of his or her interest
at the time and in the manner provided by the CBCA, or request that same be entered in the minutes of the meetings of the Board,
even if such contract, in connection with our normal business activity, does not require the approval of either the directors or
the shareholders. At the request of the president or any director, the director placed in a situation of conflict of interest must
leave the meeting while the Board discusses the matter. The CBCA prohibits such a director from voting on any resolution to approve
the contract or transaction unless the contract or transaction:
●
|
relates
primarily to his or her remuneration as our director, officer, employee or agent or as a director, officer, employee or agent
of an affiliate of us;
|
|
|
●
|
is
for indemnity or insurance for director’s liability as permitted by the CBCA; or
|
|
|
●
|
is
with our affiliate.
|
The CBCA provides that the Board may, on our
behalf and without authorization of our shareholders:
●
|
borrow
money upon our credit;
|
|
|
●
|
issue,
reissue, sell or pledge our debt obligations;
|
|
|
●
|
give
a guarantee on our behalf to secure performance of an obligation of any person; and
|
●
|
mortgage,
hypothecate, pledge or otherwise create a security interest in all or any of our property, owned or subsequently acquired,
to secure any of our obligations.
|
The shareholders have the ability
to restrict such powers through our Articles or bylaws (or through a unanimous shareholder agreement), but no such restrictions
are in place.
The CBCA prohibits the giving
of a guarantee to any of our shareholders, directors, officers or employees or of an affiliated corporation or to an associate
of any such person for any purpose or to any person for the purpose of or in connection with a purchase of a share issued or to
be issued by us or our affiliates, where there are reasonable grounds for believing that we are or, after giving the guarantee,
would be unable to pay our liabilities as they become due, or the realizable value of our assets in the form of assets pledged
or encumbered to secure a guarantee, after giving the guarantee, would be less than the aggregate of our liabilities and stated
capital of all classes. These borrowing powers may be varied by our bylaws or Articles. However, our bylaws and Articles do not
contain any restrictions on or variations of these borrowing powers.
Pursuant to the CBCA, our directors
manage and administer our business and affairs and exercise all such powers and authority as we are authorized to exercise pursuant
to the CBCA, the Articles and the bylaws. The general duties of our directors and officers under the CBCA are to act honestly and
in good faith with a view to our best interests and to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person
would exercise in comparable circumstances. Any breach of these duties may lead to liability to us and our shareholders for breach
of fiduciary duty. In addition, a breach of certain provisions of the CBCA, including the improper payment of dividends or the
improper purchase or redemption of shares, will render the directors who authorized such action liable to account to us for any
amounts improperly paid or distributed.
Our bylaws provide that the
Board may, from time to time, appoint from amongst their number committees of the Board, and delegate to any such committee any
of the powers of the Board except those which pursuant to the CBCA a committee of the Board has no authority to exercise. As such,
the Board has two standing committees: the Audit Committee and the Nominating, Governance and Compensation Committee, or the NGCC.
Subject to the
limitations provided by the CBCA, our bylaws provide that we shall, to the full extent provided by law, indemnify a director or
an officer, a former director or officer or a person who acts or acted at our request as a director or officer of a body corporate
of which we are or were a shareholder or creditor, and his or her heirs and legal representatives, against all costs, losses, charges
and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by him or her in respect
of any civil, criminal or administrative action or proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of having been our director
or officer or such body corporate, provided: (a) he or she acted in good faith in our best
interests and (b) in the case of a criminal or an administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, he
or she had reasonable grounds to believe that his or her conduct was lawful.
Our directors are authorized
to indemnify from time to time any director or other person who has assumed or is about to assume in the normal course of business
any liability for us or for any corporation controlled by us and to secure such director or other person against any loss by the
pledge of all or part of our movable or immovable property through the creation of a hypothec or any other real right in all or
part of such property or in any other manner.
We have also agreed to indemnify and save harmless
our directors and senior corporate officers as well as the managing directors of our German subsidiary pursuant to various Director
and Officer Indemnification Agreements against certain charges, damages, awards, settlements, liabilities, interest, judgments,
fines, penalties, statutory obligations, professional fees and retainers and other expenses of whatever nature or kind, provided
that any such costs, charges, professional fees and other expenses are reasonable (collectively, “Expenses”) and from
and against all Expenses sustained or incurred by the indemnified party as a result of serving as a director, officer or employee
of the Company (or its subsidiary) in respect of any act, matter, deed or thing whatsoever made, done, committed, permitted, omitted
or acquiesced in by the indemnified party as a director, officer or employee of the Company (or its subsidiary).
Share Capitalization
Our authorized
share capital structure consists of an unlimited number of shares of the following classes (all classes are without nominal or
par value): Common Shares; and first preferred shares
(the “First Preferred Shares”) and second preferred shares (the “Second Preferred Shares” and, together
with the First Preferred Shares, the “Preferred Shares”), both issuable in series. As at March 25, 2020, there were
approximately 23,472,771 million Common Shares outstanding.
No Preferred Shares have been issued to date. We have also issued warrants to acquire Common
Shares in connection with certain equity financings.
Common Shares
The holders of
the Common Shares are entitled to one vote for each
Common Share held by them at all meetings of shareholders, except meetings at which only shareholders of a specified class of shares
are entitled to vote. In addition, the holders are entitled to receive dividends if, as and when declared by our Board on the Common
Shares. Finally, the holders of the Common Shares
are entitled to receive our remaining property upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of
our affairs, whether voluntary or involuntary. Shareholders have no liability to further capital calls as all shares issued and
outstanding are fully paid and non-assessable.
Preferred Shares
The First and
Second Preferred Shares are issuable in series with rights and privileges specific to each class. The holders of Preferred Shares
are generally not entitled to receive notice of or to attend or vote at meetings of shareholders. The holders of First Preferred
Shares are entitled to preference and priority to any participation of holders of Second Preferred Shares, Common
Shares or shares of any other class of shares of our share capital ranking junior to the First
Preferred Shares with respect to dividends and, in the event of our liquidation, the distribution of our property upon our dissolution
or winding-up, or the distribution of all or part of our assets among the shareholders, to an amount equal to the value of the
consideration paid in respect of such shares outstanding, as credited to our issued and paid-up share capital, on an equal basis,
in proportion to the amount of their respective claims in regard to such shares held by them. The holders of Second Preferred Shares
are entitled to preference and priority to any participation of holders of Common Shares
or shares of any other class of shares of our share capital ranking junior to the Second Preferred
Shares with respect to dividends and, in the event of our liquidation, the distribution of our property upon our dissolution or
winding-up, or the distribution of all or part of our assets among the shareholders, to an amount equal to the value of the consideration
paid in respect of such shares outstanding, as credited to our issued and paid-up share capital, on an equal basis, in proportion
to the amount of their respective claims in regard to such shares held by them.
Our Board may, from time to
time, provide for additional series of Preferred Shares to be created and issued, but the issuance of any Preferred Shares is subject
to the general duties of the directors under the CBCA to act honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests and to
exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances.
Warrants
For a description
of our Warrants, see note 17 - warrant liability, to the audited consolidated financial
statements included in Item 18 of this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
Shareholder Actions
The CBCA provides that our
shareholders may, with leave of a court, bring an action in our name and on our behalf for the purpose of prosecuting, defending
or discontinuing an action on our behalf. In order to grant leave to permit such an action, the CBCA provides that the court must
be satisfied that our directors were given adequate notice of the application, the shareholder is acting in good faith and that
it appears to be in our best interests that the action be brought.
Shareholder Rights Plan
The Board of the Company approved
an amended and restated shareholder rights plan of the Company on March 29, 2019, which was approved, ratified and confirmed by
the shareholders at the annual and special meeting of shareholders of the Company on May 8, 2019 (the “Rights Plan”).
The Rights Plan amended and restated the Company’s shareholder rights plan originally implemented in 2016 and was implemented
to ensure, to the extent possible, that all shareholders of the Company are treated fairly in connection with any take-over offer
or other acquisition of control of the Company.
Objectives and Background of the Rights
Plan
The fundamental objectives
of the Rights Plan are to provide adequate time for our Board and shareholders to assess an unsolicited take-over bid for us, to
provide the Board with sufficient time to explore and develop alternatives for maximizing shareholder value if a take-over bid
is made, and to provide shareholders with an equal opportunity to participate in a take-over bid.
The Rights Plan encourages a potential acquiror
who makes a take-over bid to proceed either by way of a “Permitted Bid”, as described below, which requires a take-over
bid to satisfy certain minimum standards designed to promote fairness, or with the concurrence of our Board. If a take-over bid
fails to meet these minimum standards and the Rights Plan is not waived by the Board, the Rights Plan provides that holders of
Common Shares, other than the acquiror, will be able to purchase additional Common Shares at a significant discount to market,
thus exposing the person acquiring Common Shares to substantial dilution of its holdings.
Summary of the Rights Plan
The following is a summary of the principal
terms of the Rights Plan, which summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the terms thereof. Capitalized terms not otherwise
defined in this summary shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Rights Plan. A draft of the Rights Plan is available
at the following websites: www.zenataris.com, www.sedar.com and www.sec.gov.
For the purposes of this summary and as set
out in the Rights Plan, the term “NI 62-104” refers to National Instrument 62-104-Take-Over Bids and Issuer Bids
adopted by the Canadian securities regulatory authorities, as now in effect or as the same may from time to time be amended, re-enacted
or replaced and including for greater certainty any successor instrument thereto.
Operation of the Rights Plan
Pursuant to the terms of the Rights Plan, one
right was issued in respect of each common share outstanding at 5:01 p.m. on March 29, 2016 (the “Record Time”). In
addition, we will issue one right for each additional Common Share issued after the Record Time and prior to the earlier of the
Separation Time (as defined below) and the Expiration Time (as defined below). The rights have an initial exercise price equal
to the Market Price (as defined below) of the Common Shares as determined at the Separation Time, multiplied by five, subject to
certain anti-dilution adjustments (the “Exercise Price”), and they are not exercisable until the Separation Time. Upon
the occurrence of a Flip-in Event (as defined below), each right will entitle the holder thereof, other than an Acquiring Person
or any other person whose rights are or become void pursuant to the provisions of the Rights Plan, to purchase from us, effective
at the close of business on the eighth trading day after the Stock Acquisition Date (as defined below), upon payment to us of the
Exercise Price, Common Shares having an aggregate Market Price equal to twice the Exercise Price on the date of consummation or
occurrence of such Flip-in Event, subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments.
Definition of Market Price
Market Price is generally defined in the Rights
Plan, on any given day on which a determination must be made, as the volume weighted average trading price of the Common Shares
for the 20 consecutive trading days (i.e. days on which the TSX or another stock exchange or national securities quotation system
on which the Common Shares are traded (including for greater certainty, each of the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the Nasdaq Global
Market and the Nasdaq Capital Market) is open for the transaction of business, subject to certain exceptions), through and including
the trading day immediately preceding such date of determination, subject to certain exceptions.
Trading of Rights
Until the Separation Time (or the earlier termination
or expiration of the rights), the rights trade together with the Common Shares and are represented by the same share certificates
as the Common Shares or an entry in our securities register in respect of any outstanding Common Shares. From and after the Separation
Time and prior to the Expiration Time, the rights are evidenced by rights certificates and trade separately from the Common Shares.
The rights do not carry any of the rights attaching to the Common Shares such as voting or dividend rights.
Separation Time
The rights will separate from the Common Shares
to which they are attached and become exercisable at the time (the “Separation Time”) of the close of business on the
eighth business day after the earliest to occur of:
1.
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the first date (the “Stock Acquisition Date”) of a public announcement of facts indicating that a person has become an Acquiring Person; and
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2.
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the date of the commencement of, or first public announcement of the intention of any person (other than us or any of our subsidiaries) to commence a take-over bid or a share exchange bid for more than 20% of our outstanding Common Shares other than a Permitted Bid or a Competing Permitted Bid (as defined below), so long as such take-over bid continues to satisfy the requirements of a Permitted Bid or a Competing Permitted Bid, as the case may be.
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The Separation Time can also be such later
time as may from time to time be determined by the Board, provided that if any such take-over bid expires, or is canceled, terminated
or otherwise withdrawn prior to the Separation Time, without securities deposited thereunder being taken up and paid for, it shall
be deemed never to have been made and if the Board determines to waive the application of the Rights Plan to a particular Flip-in
Event, the Separation Time in respect of such Flip-in Event shall be deemed never to have occurred.
From and after the Separation Time and prior
to the Expiration Time, each right entitles the holder thereof to purchase one Common Share upon payment of the Exercise Price
to us.
Flip-in Event
The acquisition by a person (an “Acquiring
Person”), including others acting jointly or in concert with such person, of more than 20% of the outstanding Common Shares,
other than by way of a Permitted Bid, a Competing Permitted Bid or in certain other limited circumstances described in the Rights
Plan, is referred to as a “Flip-in Event”.
In the event that, prior to the Expiration
Time, a Flip-in Event that has not been waived occurs (see “Waiver and Redemption” below), each right (other than those
held by or deemed to be held by the Acquiring Person) will thereafter entitle the holder thereof, effective as at the close of
business on the eighth trading day after the Stock Acquisition Date, to purchase from us, upon payment of the Exercise Price and
otherwise exercising such right in accordance with the terms of the Rights Plan, that number of Common Shares having an aggregate
Market Price on the date of consummation or occurrence of the Flip-in Event equal to twice the Exercise Price, for an amount in
cash equal to the Exercise Price (subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments described in the Rights Plan).
A bidder may enter into Permitted Lock-up Agreements
with our shareholders (“Locked-up Persons”) who are not affiliates or associates of the bidder and who are not, other
than by virtue of entering into such agreement, acting jointly or in concert with the bidder, whereby such shareholders agree to
tender their Common Shares to the take-over bid (the “Lock-up Bid”) without the bidder being deemed to beneficially
own the Common Shares deposited pursuant to the Lock-up Bid. Any such agreement must include a provision that permits the Locked-up
Person to withdraw the Common Shares to tender to another take-over bid or to support another transaction that will either provide
greater consideration to the shareholder than the Lock-up Bid or provide for a right to sell a greater number of shares than the
Lock-up Bid contemplates (provided that the Permitted Lock-up Agreement may require that such greater number exceed the number
of shares under the Locked-up Bid by a specified percentage not to exceed 7%).
A Permitted Lock-up Agreement may require that
the consideration under the other transaction exceed the consideration under the Lock-up Bid by a specified amount. The specified
amount may not be greater than 7%. For greater certainty, a Permitted Lock-up Agreement may contain a right of first refusal or
require a period of delay (or other similar limitation) to give a bidder an opportunity to match a higher price in another transaction
as long as the limitation does not preclude the exercise by the Locked-up Person of the right to withdraw the Common Shares during
the period of the other take-over bid or transaction.
The Rights Plan requires that any Permitted
Lock-up Agreement be made available to us and the public. The definition of Permitted Lock-up Agreement also provides that under
a Permitted Lock-up Agreement, no “break up” fees, “topping” fees, penalties, expenses or other amounts
that exceed in aggregate the greater of (i) 2.5% of the price or value of the aggregate consideration payable under the Lock-up
Bid, and (ii) 50% of the amount by which the price or value of the consideration received by a Locked-up Person under another take-over
bid or transaction exceeds what such Locked-up Person would have received under the Lock-up Bid, can be payable by such Locked-up
Person if the Locked-up Person fails to deposit or tender Common Shares to the Lock-up Bid or withdraws Common Shares previously
tendered thereto in order to deposit such Common Shares to another take-over bid or support another transaction.
Permitted Bid Requirements
The requirements of a Permitted Bid include
the following:
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the take-over bid must be made by means of a take-over bid circular;
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the take-over bid must be made to all holders of Common Shares wherever resident, on identical terms and conditions, other than the bidder;
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the take-over bid must not permit Common Shares tendered pursuant to the bid to be taken up or paid for:
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a)
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prior to the close of business on a date that is not less than 105 days following the date of the relevant take-over bid or such shorter minimum period that a take-over bid (that is not exempt from any of the requirements of Division 5 (Bid Mechanics of NI 62-104)) must remain open for deposits of securities thereunder, in the applicable circumstances at such time, pursuant to NI 62-104;
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b)
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then only if at the close of business on the date Common Shares (and/or “Convertible Securities”, as defined in the Rights Plan) are first taken up or paid for under such take-over bid, outstanding Common Shares and Convertible Securities held by shareholders other than any other Acquiring Person, the bidder, the bidder’s affiliates or associates, persons acting jointly or in concert with the bidder and any employee benefit plan, deferred profit-sharing plan, stock participation plan or trust for the benefit of our employees or the employees of any of our subsidiaries, unless the beneficiaries of such plan or trust direct the manner in which the Common Shares are to be voted or direct whether the Common Shares are to be tendered to a take-over bid (collectively, “Independent Shareholders”) that represent more than 50% of the aggregate of (I) then outstanding Common Shares and (II) Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of Convertible Securities, have been deposited or tendered pursuant to the take-over bid and not withdrawn;
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4.
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the take-over bid must allow Common Shares and/or Convertible Securities to be deposited or tendered pursuant to such take-over bid, unless such take-over bid is withdrawn, at any time prior to the close of business on the date Common Shares and/or Convertible Securities are first taken up or paid for under the take-over bid;
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5.
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the take-over bid must allow Common Shares and/or Convertible Securities to be withdrawn until taken up and paid for; and
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in the event the requirement set forth in clause 3.b) above is satisfied, the bidder must make a public announcement of that fact and the take-over bid must remain open for deposits and tenders of Common Shares for not less than ten days from the date of such public announcement.
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A Permitted Bid need not be a bid for all outstanding
Common Shares not held by the bidder, i.e., a Permitted Bid may be a partial bid. The Rights Plan also allows a competing Permitted
Bid (a “Competing Permitted Bid”) to be made while a Permitted Bid is in existence. A Competing Permitted Bid must
satisfy all the requirements of a Permitted Bid other than the requirement set out in clause 3.a) above and must not permit Common
Shares tendered or deposited pursuant to the bid to be taken up or paid for prior to the close of business on the last day of the
minimum initial deposit period that such take-over bid must remain open for deposits of securities thereunder pursuant to NI 62-104
after the date of the take-over bid constituting the Competing Permitted Bid; provided, however, that a take-over bid that has
qualified as a Competing Permitted Bid shall cease to be a Competing Permitted Bid at any time and as soon as such time as when
such take-over bid ceases to meet any or all of the foregoing provisions of the definition of “Competing Permitted Bid”
and any acquisition of Common Shares and/or Convertible Securities made pursuant to such take-over bid that qualified as a Competing
Permitted Bid, including any acquisition of Common Shares and/or Convertible Securities made before such take-over bid ceased to
be a Competing Permitted Bid, will not be a “Permitted Bid Acquisition” (as defined in the Rights Plan).
Waiver and Redemption
The Board may, prior to the occurrence of a
Flip-in Event, waive the dilutive effects of the Rights Plan in respect of, among other things, a particular Flip-in Event resulting
from a take-over bid made by way of a take-over bid circular to all holders of our Common Shares. In such an event, such waiver
shall also be deemed to be a waiver in respect of any other Flip-in Event occurring under a take-over bid made by way of a take-over
bid circular to all holders of Common Shares prior to the expiry of the first mentioned take-over bid.
The Board may, with the approval of a majority
of Independent Shareholders (or, after the Separation Time has occurred, holders of rights, other than rights which are void pursuant
to the provisions of the Rights Plan or which, prior to the Separation Time, are held otherwise than by Independent Shareholders),
at any time prior to the occurrence of a Flip-in Event which has not been waived, elect to redeem all, but not less than all, of
the then outstanding rights at a price of CAN$0.00001 each, appropriately adjusted as provided in the Rights Plan (the “Redemption
Price”).
Where a take-over bid that is not a Permitted
Bid or Competing Permitted Bid is withdrawn or otherwise terminated after the Separation Time has occurred and prior to the occurrence
of a Flip-in Event, the Board may elect to redeem all the outstanding rights at the Redemption Price without the consent of the
holders of the Common Shares or the rights and reissue rights under the Rights Plan to holders of record of Common Shares immediately
following such redemption. Upon the rights being so redeemed and reissued, all the provisions of the Rights Plan will continue
to apply as if the Separation Time had not occurred, and the Separation Time will be deemed not to have occurred and we shall be
deemed to have issued replacement rights to the holders of its then outstanding Common Shares.
Amendment to the Rights Plan
The Rights Plan may be amended to correct any
clerical or typographical error or to make such changes as are required to maintain the validity of the Rights Plan as a result
of any change in any applicable legislation, regulations or rules thereunder, without the approval of the holders of the Common
Shares or rights. Prior to the Separation Time, we may, with the prior consent of the holders of Common Shares, amend, vary or
delete any of the provisions of the Rights Plan in order to effect any changes which the Board, acting in good faith, considers
necessary or desirable. We may, with the prior consent of the holders of rights, at any time after the Separation Time and before
the Expiration Time, amend, vary or delete any of the provisions of the Rights Plan.
Protection Against Dilution
The Exercise Price, the number and nature of
securities which may be purchased upon the exercise of rights and the number of rights outstanding are subject to adjustment from
time to time to prevent dilution in the event of stock dividends, subdivisions, consolidations, reclassifications or other changes
in the outstanding Common Shares, pro rata distributions to holders of Common Shares and other circumstances where adjustments
are required to appropriately protect the interests of the holders of rights.
Fiduciary Duty of Board
The Rights Plan will not detract from or lessen
the duty of the Board to act honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests and the best interests of our shareholders.
The Board will continue to have the duty and power to take such actions and make such recommendations to our shareholders as are
considered appropriate.
Exemptions for Investment Advisors
Fund managers, investment advisors (for fully-managed
accounts), trust companies (acting in their capacities as trustees and administrators), statutory bodies whose business includes
the management of funds, and administrators of registered pension plans are exempt from triggering a Flip-in Event, provided that
they are not making, or are not part of a group making, a take-over bid.
Term
The Rights Plan will expire on the earlier
of (i) the Termination Time; and (ii) the Close of Business on the date on which the annual meeting of the Company to be held in
2022 and at every third annual meeting of the Company thereafter (each such annual meeting being a “Reconfirmation Meeting”)
occurs and at which the Rights Plan is not reconfirmed or presented for reconfirmation as contemplated in the Rights Plan (the
“Expiration Time”).
Action Necessary to Change
Rights of Shareholders
In order to change the rights
of our shareholders, we would need to amend our Articles to effect the change. Such an amendment would require the approval of
holders of two-thirds of the issued and outstanding shares cast at a duly called special meeting. For certain amendments, a shareholder
is entitled under the CBCA to dissent in respect of such a resolution amending the Articles and, if the resolution is adopted and
we implement such changes, demand payment of the fair value of its shares.
Disclosure of Share Ownership
In general, under applicable
securities regulation in Canada, a person or company who beneficially owns, or who directly or indirectly exercises control or
direction over voting securities of a reporting issuer, voting securities of an issuer or a combination of both, carrying more
than ten percent of the voting rights attached to all the issuer’s outstanding voting securities is an insider and must,
within ten days of becoming an insider, file a report in the required form effective the date on which the person became an insider,
disclosing any direct or indirect beneficial ownership of, or control or direction over, securities of the reporting issuer.
Additionally, securities regulation
in Canada provides for the filing of a report by an insider of a reporting issuer whose holdings change, which report must be filed
within five days from the day on which the change takes place.
Section 13 of
the Exchange Act imposes reporting requirements on persons who acquire beneficial ownership (as such term is defined in the Rule
13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of more than five percent of a class of an equity security registered under Section 12 of the Exchange
Act. Our Common Shares are so registered. In general,
such persons must file, within ten days after such acquisition, a report of beneficial ownership with the SEC containing the information
prescribed by the regulations under Section 13 of the Exchange Act. This information is also required to be sent to the issuer
of the securities and to each exchange where the securities are traded.
Meeting of Shareholders
An annual meeting of shareholders
is held each year for the purpose of considering the financial statements and reports, electing directors, appointing auditors
and fixing or authorizing the Board to fix their remuneration and for the transaction of other business as may properly come before
a meeting of shareholders. Any annual meeting may also constitute a special meeting to take cognizance and dispose of any matter
of which a special meeting may take cognizance and dispose. Under the bylaws, our Chief Executive Officer or our President has
the power to call a meeting of shareholders.
The CBCA provides that the
holders of not less than 5% of our outstanding voting shares may requisition our directors to call a meeting of shareholders for
the purpose stated in the requisition. Except in limited circumstances, including where a meeting of shareholders has already been
called and a notice of meeting already given or where it is clear that the primary purpose of the requisition is to redress a personal
grievance against us or our directors, officers or shareholders, our directors, on receipt of such requisition, must call a meeting
of shareholders. If the directors fail to call a meeting of shareholders within twenty-one days after receiving the requisition,
any shareholder who signed the requisition may call the meeting of shareholders and, unless the shareholders resolve otherwise
at the meeting, we shall reimburse the shareholders for the expenses reasonably incurred by them in requisitioning, calling and
holding the meeting of shareholders.
The CBCA also provides that,
except in limited circumstances, a resolution in writing signed by all of the shareholders entitled to vote on that resolution
at a meeting of shareholders is as valid as if it had been passed at a meeting of shareholders.
A quorum of shareholders is
present at an annual or special meeting of shareholders, regardless of the number of persons present in person at the meeting,
if the holder(s) of shares representing at least 10% of the outstanding voting shares at such meeting are present in person or
represented in accordance with our bylaws. In the case where the CBCA, our Articles or our bylaws require or permit the vote by
class of holders of a given class of shares of our share capital, the quorum at any meeting will be one or more persons representing
10% of the outstanding shares of such class.
Notice of the time and place
of each annual or special meeting of shareholders must be given not less than 21 days, nor more than 50 days, before the date of
each meeting to each director, to the auditor and to each shareholder entitled to vote thereat. If the address of any shareholder,
director or auditor does not appear in our books, the notice may be sent to such address as the person sending the notice may consider
to be most likely to reach such shareholder, director or auditor promptly. Every person who, by operation of the CBCA, transfers
or by any other means whatsoever, becomes entitled to any share, shall be bound by every notice given in respect of such share
which, prior to the entry of his or her name and address on our register, is given to the person whose name appears on the register
at the time such notice is sent. Notice of meeting of shareholders called for any other purpose other than consideration of the
financial statements and auditor’s report, election of directors and reappointment of the incumbent auditor, must state the
nature of the business in sufficient detail to permit the shareholder to form a reasoned judgment on and must state the text of
any special resolution or bylaw to be submitted to the meeting.
Our bylaws include an advance
notice provision (the “Advance Notice Requirement”). The Advance Notice Requirement applies in certain circumstances
where nominations of persons for election to the Board are made by our shareholders other than pursuant to: (a) a requisition of
a meeting made pursuant to the provisions of the CBCA; or (b) a shareholder proposal made pursuant to the provisions of the CBCA.
Among other things, the Advance
Notice Requirement fixes a deadline by which shareholders must submit a notice of director nominations to us prior to any annual
or special meeting of shareholders where directors are to be elected and sets forth the information that a shareholder must include
in the notice for it to be valid. In the case of an annual meeting of shareholders, we must be given not less than 30 nor more
than 65 days’ notice prior to the date of the annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting
is to be held on a date that is less than 50 days after the date on which the first public announcement of the date of the annual
meeting was made, notice may be made not later than the close of business on the 10th day following such public announcement.
In the case of a special meeting of shareholders (which is not also an annual meeting), we must be given notice not later than
the close of business on the 15th day following the day on which the first public announcement of the date of the special
meeting was made.
The Board may, in its sole
discretion, waive any requirement of the Advance Notice Requirement.
Limitations on Right to
Own Securities
Neither Canadian
law nor our Articles or bylaws limit the right of a non-resident to hold or vote our Common
Shares, other than as provided in the Investment Canada Act (the “Investment Act”).
The Investment
Act requires any person that is a “non-Canadian” (as defined in the Investment Act) who acquires “control”
(as defined in the Investment Act) of an existing Canadian business to file either a pre-closing
application for review or a post-closing notification with Innovation, Science and Economic
Development Canada.
As of February
15, 2020, the threshold for review of a direct acquisition of control of a non-cultural Canadian business by a World Trade Organization
member country investor that is not a state-owned enterprise is an enterprise value of assets that exceeds CAN$1.075 billion. For
“trade agreement investors” that are not state-owned enterprises (as defined in the Investment Act), which as of March
2020 include investors ultimately controlled by nationals of Australia, Chile, Colombia, EU member states, Honduras, Japan, Korea,
Mexico, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Singapore, the U.S. or Vietnam, the threshold for review of a direct acquisition of control
of a non-cultural Canadian business is an enterprise value of assets that exceeds C$1.613 billion. The enterprise value review
thresholds for both World Trade Organization member countries and trade agreement investors are indexed to annual GDP growth and
are adjusted accordingly each year. For purposes of a publicly traded company, the “enterprise
value” of the assets of the Canadian business is equal to the market capitalization of the entity, plus its liabilities (excluding
its operating liabilities), minus its cash and cash equivalents.
As such, under the Investment Act, the acquisition
of control of us (either through the acquisition of our Common Shares or all or substantially all our assets) by a non-Canadian
who is a World Trade Organization member country investor or a trade agreement investor, including a U.S. investor, would be reviewable
only if the enterprise value of our assets exceeds the specified threshold for review.
Where the acquisition of control is a reviewable
transaction, the Investment Act generally prohibits the implementation of the reviewable transaction unless, after review, the
relevant Minister is satisfied or deemed to be satisfied that the acquisition is likely to be of net benefit to Canada.
The acquisition of a majority of the voting
interests of an entity is deemed to be acquisition of “control” of that entity. The acquisition of less than a majority
but one-third or more of the total number of votes attached to all of the voting shares of a corporation or of an equivalent undivided
ownership interest in the total number of votes attached to all of the voting shares of the corporation is presumed to be an acquisition
of control of that corporation unless it can be established that, on the acquisition, the corporation is not controlled in fact
by the acquiror through the ownership of voting shares. The acquisition of less than one-third of the total number of votes attached
to all of the voting shares of a corporation is deemed not to be acquisition of control of that corporation subject to certain
discretionary rights relative to investments involving state-owned enterprises. Other than in connection with a “national
security” review, discussed below, certain transactions in relation to our Common Shares would be exempt from the Investment
Act including:
●
|
the
acquisition of our Common Shares by a person in the ordinary course of that person’s business as a trader or dealer
in securities;
|
|
|
●
|
the
acquisition or control of us in connection with the realization of security granted for a loan or other financial assistance
and not for any purpose related to the provisions of the Investment Act, if the acquisition is subject to approval under the
Bank Act, the Cooperative Credit Associations Act, the Insurance Companies Act or the Trust and Loan Companies Act; and
|
|
|
●
|
the
acquisition or control of us by reason of an amalgamation, merger, consolidation or corporate reorganization following which
the ultimate direct or indirect control in fact of us, through the ownership of our voting interests, remains unchanged.
|
Under the national security regime in the Investment
Act, review on a discretionary basis may also be undertaken by the federal government in respect of a much broader range of investments
by a non-Canadian to “acquire, in whole or in part, or to establish an entity carrying on all or any part of its operations
in Canada”. The relevant test is whether such an investment by a non-Canadian could be “injurious to national security”.
The Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development has broad discretion to determine whether an investor is a non-Canadian
and therefore may be subject to national security review. Review on national security grounds is at the discretion of the federal
government and may occur on a pre or post-closing basis.
There is no law, governmental decree or regulation
in Canada that restricts the export or import of capital, or which would affect the remittance of dividends or other payments by
us to non-resident holders of our Common Shares, other than withholding tax requirements.
Other than as disclosed herein
under “Shareholder Rights Plan” and below, and except for contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business,
there are no material contracts to which we or any of our subsidiaries is a party.
License Agreement
On January 16, 2018, the Company, through AEZS
Germany, entered into a License Agreement with Strongbridge, to carry out development, manufacturing, registration and commercialization
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the U.S. and Canada.
The Company received a cash payment of $24,000,000
from Strongbridge, and, for as long as Macrilen™ (macimorelin) is patent-protected, the Company will be entitled to a 15%
royalty on net sales up to $75,000,000 and an 18% royalty on net sales above $75,000,000. Following the end of patent protection
in the U.S. or Canada for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), the Company will be entitled to a 5% royalty on net sales in that country.
In addition, the Company will also receive one-time payments from Strongbridge following the first achievement of the following
commercial milestone events:
●
|
$4,000,000
on achieving $25,000,000 annual net sales,
|
|
|
●
|
$10,000,000
on achieving $50,000,000 annual net sales,
|
|
|
●
|
$20,000,000
on achieving $100,000,000 annual net sales,
|
|
|
●
|
$40,000,000
on achieving $200,000,000 annual net sales, and
|
|
|
●
|
$100,000,000
on achieving $500,000,000 annual net sales.
|
Upon approval by the FDA of a pediatric indication
for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), the Company will receive a one-time milestone payment of $5,000,000 from the licensee.
The licensee will fund 70% of the costs of
a pediatric clinical submitted for approval to the EMA and FDA to be run by the Company with customary oversight from a JSC. The
JSC will be comprised of four persons, two of whom will be appointed by each of Strongbridge and the Company.
The License Agreement will expire at the end
of a defined royalty period in each of the U.S. and Canada (the “Territory”), at which time the license that the Company
granted will become irrevocable, fully paid-up, perpetual and royalty-free in such country. The licensee has the right to terminate
the License Agreement if there is a safety concern related to Macrilen™ (macimorelin), withdrawal of regulatory approval
for Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the U.S. believed to be permanent, two hundred and seventy (270) days’ prior written
notice, or if the Company commits a material breach of any term of the License Agreement that it fails to cure within 90 days after
receiving written notice of the breach. The Company has the right to terminate the License Agreement if the licensee commits a
material breach of any term of the License Agreement that it fails to cure within 90 days after receiving written notice of the
breach. If the breach relates to Canada then the Company shall only have the right to terminate the License Agreement in relation
to Canada. If the breach relates to the U.S., then the Company shall have the right to terminate the License Agreement in its entirety.
The License Agreement contains customary provisions
related to, among other things, confidentiality and non-disclosure, representations and warranties, indemnity and dispute resolution.
The License Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of New York, United States.
The License Agreement is incorporated by reference
as Exhibit 4.3 to this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
Effective December 19, 2018, Strongbridge sold
its rights to Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in Canada and the U.S. to Novo and Novo will fund Strongbridge’s Macrilen™
(macimorelin) field organization as a contract field force to promote the product in the U.S. for up to three years. This service
agreement was terminated as of December 1, 2019.
Sinopharm Agreements
On December 1, 2014, we entered into an exclusive
master collaboration agreement (“Master Collaboration Agreement”), a technology transfer and technical assistance agreement
(“Tech Transfer Agreement”) and a license agreement (“Sinopharm License Agreement”) with Sinopharm A-Think
Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (“Sinopharm”) for the development, manufacture and commercialization of Zoptrex™ in
all human uses, in the People’s Republic of China, including Hong Kong and Macau (collectively, the “Sinopharm Territory”).
Under the terms of the Tech Transfer Agreement, Sinopharm made a one-time, non-refundable payment of $1,101,000 (“Transfer
Fee”) to us for the transfer of technical documentation and materials, know-how and technical assistance services. We will
be entitled to receive additional consideration upon achieving certain milestones, including the occurrence of certain regulatory
and commercial events in the Sinopharm Territory. Furthermore, we will be entitled to royalties on future net sales of Zoptrex™
in the Sinopharm Territory. Sinopharm will be responsible for the development, production, registration and commercialization of
Zoptrex™ in the Sinopharm Territory.
Sinopharm is required to use commercially reasonable
efforts to develop, manufacture and commercialize Zoptrex™ in the Sinopharm Territory, in order to maximize the net sales
derived from Zoptrex™ during the royalty term of the Sinopharm License Agreement. In particular, Sinopharm is required to
use commercially reasonable efforts to: (i) develop Zoptrex™ for the indication of endometrial cancer in the Sinopharm Territory
in accordance with an agreed development plan and not to terminate, suspend, halt or delay development, unless there are substantial
safety, efficacy, commercial or regulatory reasons for doing so; (ii) apply for and obtain all required regulatory approvals in
the Sinopharm Territory following successful completion of all appropriate clinical studies; (iii) make the first commercial sale
of Zoptrex™ in the Sinopharm Territory within a specified period of time following the approval of Zoptrex™ for endometrial
cancer; (iv) maintain an adequate sales force and provide for relevant staff to manage the pre- and post-launch activities required
to commercialize Zoptrex™ in the Sinopharm Territory; and (v) seek to maximize sales of Zoptrex™ in the Sinopharm Territory.
Sinopharm’s failure to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop, manufacture and commercialize Zoptrex™ would
be a material breach of the Sinopharm License Agreement.
The Sinopharm License Agreement imposes on
Sinopharm the responsibility for marketing, promoting and selling Zoptrex™ in the Sinopharm Territory after all regulatory
approvals for commercial sale have been obtained, including pre-launch and post-launch marketing, promoting, conducting market
research, distributing, offering to commercially sell and commercially selling Zoptrex™, importing, exporting or transporting
Zoptrex™ for commercial sale, conducting medical education activities, conducting clinical studies that are not required
to obtain or maintain regulatory approval of Zoptrex™ for an indication, which may include epidemiological studies, modeling
and pharmacoeconomic studies, conducting post-marketing surveillance studies, conducting investigator sponsored studies and health
economics studies and regulatory affairs.
The Sinopharm License Agreement will expire
at the end of a defined royalty period, at which time the license that we granted to Sinopharm will become a fully paid-up, perpetual
license. Sinopharm has the right to terminate the Sinopharm License Agreement if there are material safety, efficacy, commercial
or regulatory reasons for doing so; if we commit a material breach of any term of the Sinopharm License Agreement that we fail
to cure within 90 days after receiving written notice of the breach; if we file or institute bankruptcy, reorganization, liquidation
or receivership proceedings; or if we assign a substantial portion of our assets for the benefit of our creditors. If Sinopharm
has the right to terminate because a third party institutes involuntary bankruptcy proceedings against us, we will have 90 days
to obtain the dismissal of the proceedings, during which time, Sinopharm may not terminate the Agreement.
We have the right to terminate the Sinopharm
License Agreement if Sinopharm commits a material breach of any term of the Sinopharm License Agreement that it fails to cure within
90 days after receiving written notice of the breach; if it files or institutes bankruptcy, reorganization, liquidation or receivership
proceedings, or if it assigns a substantial portion of its assets for the benefit of its creditors. If we have the right to terminate
because a third-party institutes involuntary bankruptcy proceedings against Sinopharm, it will have 90 days to obtain the dismissal
of the proceedings, during which time, we may not terminate the Agreement.
The Sinopharm License Agreement contains customary
provisions related to, among other things, our oversight of Sinopharm’s commercialization efforts, intellectual property,
pharmacovigilance, confidentiality and non-disclosure, representations and warranties, indemnity and dispute resolution. The Sinopharm
License Agreement is governed by the laws of Hong Kong.
We do not anticipate significant revenues from
the Sinopharm License Agreement in the future other than the amortization of the remaining deferred revenue.
The Master Collaboration Agreement, the Sinopharm
License Agreement and the Tech Transfer Agreement are incorporated by reference as Exhibits 4.7, 4.8 and 4.9 to this Annual Report
on Form 20-F.
Employment and Service Agreements
We had, or one of our subsidiaries had, entered
into an employment agreement and, in some cases, a change of control agreement with each of our Named Executive Officers. Mr. Garrison
left the Company effective September 13, 2019 and Mr. Ward’s employment ended effective October 4, 2019.
Michael Ward
We entered into an employment agreement and
a change of control agreement in October 2017 with Mr. Michael Ward, Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Ward left the Company in October
2019, at which time, he received a severance payment in accordance with his employment agreement.
Klaus Paulini
We entered into an employment agreement with
Dr. Klaus Paulini, Chief Executive Officer, effective as of October 4, 2019 (the “Employment Agreement”) and the Company,
through AEZS Germany, has entered into a service agreement with Dr. Klaus Paulini effective as of July 26, 2019 (the “Services
Agreement”). The Employment Agreement provides that we will pay Mr. Paulini (the “Executive”) an initial base
salary of EUR260,000 per annum. Additionally, pursuant to the Employment Agreement, in November 2019, we provided the Executive
with an initial grant of 35,000 stock options. Under the terms of the Services Agreement, the Executive will be paid a base salary
of EUR164,340 per annum, subsequent grants of stock options at the discretion of the Board of Directors or Governance Committee,
an annual bonus subject to the determination and approval of the Nomination, Governance and Compensation Committee and participation
in an employer sponsored pension scheme.
The Employment Agreement provides that if there
is a termination of the Executive’s employment by us without “Cause”, then the Executive will be entitled to
receive a severance payment in the amount equal to €300,000. The Services Agreement provides that upon termination without
“Cause” by ether party, the Executive is entitled to nine months written notice of termination, and a payment in the
amount equal to “one annual salary”. The Executive has no right to receive a cash bonus or any other form of remuneration
during the notice period.
The Employment Agreement contains customary
confidentiality, intellectual property and non-disparagement covenants.
For the purposes of the Employment Agreement,
termination of employment for “Cause” includes (but is not limited to) (i) if the Executive commits any fraud, theft,
embezzlement or other criminal act of a similar nature, or (ii) if the Executive has committed serious misconduct or willful negligence
in the performance of his duties.
Leslie Auld
We entered into a consulting agreement with
Leslie Auld, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, effective as of September 24, 2018 (the “Consulting Agreement”).
The Consulting Agreement provides that Ms. Auld (the “Consultant”) will perform specified services for us for up to
120 hours per month. The Consultant will be paid CAN$150 per hour (plus HST) (the “base fees”) for these services.
Additionally, the Consultant will be paid for up to eight (8) hours of travel time per round trip, at a rate of CAN$150 per hour.
The Consulting Agreement may be terminated
by either party for convenience, upon thirty (30) days written notice. The Consulting Agreement may also be terminated by us upon
the material breach or default of any provision of the Consulting Agreement by the Consultant, immediately upon the Consultants
death or upon the parties’ mutual agreement. In the event of termination, the Consultant will be entitled to receive any
outstanding base fees and reimbursement for incurred expenses to the effective date of termination.
The Consulting Agreement provides the Consultant
indemnifies us from and against any and all claims, costs, liabilities, damages, charges and expenses arising out of the Consulting
Agreement or the services, including in respect of misclassification.
Brian Garrison
We entered into an employment agreement and
a change of control agreement with Mr. Garrison, former Senior Vice President, Global Commercial Operations. Mr. Garrison left
the Company in September 2019.
The table below shows estimated incremental
payments that would be triggered, pursuant to their individual employment contracts, in the event of a termination of employment
of our Named Executive Officers who remained employed on December 31, 2019. The amounts shown are in U.S. dollars.
Name
|
|
Termination Provisions
Value ($)(1) (2)
|
|
Ammer, Nicola
|
|
|
0
|
|
Auld, Leslie
|
|
|
0
|
|
Gerlach, Matthias
|
|
|
0
|
|
Guenther, Eckhard
|
|
|
0
|
|
Paulini, Klaus
|
|
|
336,000
|
|
(1)
|
The termination values assume that the triggering event took place on the last business day of our financial year-end (December 31, 2019).
|
|
|
(2)
|
Value of earned/unused vacation, if applicable, and amounts owing for expense reimbursement are not included as they are not considered as “incremental” payments made in connection with termination of employment.
|
Canada has no system of
exchange controls. There are no exchange restrictions on borrowing from foreign countries or on the remittance of dividends, interest,
royalties and similar payments, management fees, loan repayments, settlement of trade debts or the repatriation of capital.
THE FOLLOWING SUMMARY IS OF A GENERAL NATURE
ONLY AND IS NOT INTENDED TO BE, NOR SHOULD IT BE CONSTRUED TO BE, LEGAL OR TAX ADVICE TO ANY PARTICULAR HOLDER. CONSEQUENTLY, HOLDERS
ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS FOR ADVICE AS TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF AN INVESTMENT IN THE COMMON SHARES HAVING
REGARD TO THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.
Material Canadian Income Tax Considerations
The following summary describes the principal
Canadian federal income tax considerations applicable to a holder of Common Shares and who, for the purposes of the Canadian federal
Income Tax Act, R.S.C. 1985, as amended (the “Tax Act”), and at all relevant times, deals at arm’s length with,
and is not affiliated with, the Company and holds their Common Shares as capital property (a “holder”). Common Shares
will generally be considered to be capital property to a holder for purposes of the Tax Act unless either the holder holds such
Common Shares in the course of carrying on a business of trading or dealing in securities, or the holder has held or acquired such
Common Shares in a transaction or transactions considered to be an adventure in the nature of trade.
This summary is not applicable to a holder
(i) that is a “financial institution”, as defined in the Tax Act for purposes of the mark-to- market rules, (ii) that
is a “specified financial institution”, as defined in the Tax Act, (iii) an interest in which would be a “tax
shelter investment” as defined in the Tax Act, (iv) that has made a functional currency reporting election for purposes of
the Tax Act, (v) that has entered or will enter into a “derivative forward agreement”, as defined in the Tax Act, in
respect of Common Shares, or (vi) that receives dividends on Common Shares under or as part of a dividend rental arrangement as
defined in the Tax Act. Such holders should consult their own tax advisors.
Additional considerations, not discussed herein,
may be applicable to a holder that is a corporation resident in Canada, and is, or becomes, or does not deal at arm’s length
for purposes of the Tax Act with a corporation resident in Canada that is or becomes, as part of a transaction or series of transactions
or events that includes the acquisition of the Common Shares, controlled by a non-resident person or a group of non-resident persons
not dealing with each other at arm’s length for the purposes of the “foreign affiliate dumping” rules in section
212.3 of the Tax Act. Such holders should consult their tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquiring Common Shares.
This summary is based upon the current provisions
of the Tax Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Regulations”) and the Company’s understanding
of the current published administrative policies and assessing practices of the Canada Revenue Agency (“CRA”). It also
takes into account all proposed amendments to the Tax Act and the Regulations publicly released by the Minister of Finance (Canada)
prior to the date hereof (“Tax Proposals”), and assumes that all such Tax Proposals will be enacted as currently proposed.
No assurance can be given that the Tax Proposals will be enacted in the form proposed or at all. This summary does not otherwise
take into account or anticipate any changes in law or administrative or assessing practice or policy of the CRA, whether by legislative,
regulatory, judicial or administrative action or interpretation, nor does it address any provincial, local, territorial or foreign
tax considerations.
For purposes of the Tax Act, all amounts, including
dividends, adjusted cost base and proceeds of disposition, must generally be determined in Canadian dollars. Amounts denominated
in a foreign currency must be converted to Canadian currency using exchange rates determined in accordance with the Tax Act. The
amount of any capital gain or any capital loss to a holder with respect to the Common Shares may be affected by fluctuations in
Canadian dollar exchange rates.
Holders Not Resident in Canada
The following discussion applies to a holder
who, at all relevant times, for purposes of the Tax Act, is neither resident nor deemed to be resident in Canada and does not,
and is not deemed to, use or hold Common Shares in carrying on a business or part of a business in Canada (a “Non-Resident
holder”). In addition, this discussion does not apply to an insurer who carries or is deemed to carry on, an insurance business
in Canada and elsewhere.
Disposition of Common Shares
A Non-Resident holder generally will not be
subject to tax under the Tax Act in respect of any capital gain realized by such Non- Resident holder on a disposition or deemed
disposition of Common Shares unless such shares constitute “taxable Canadian property” (as defined in the Tax Act)
of the Non-Resident holder at the time of disposition and the gain is not exempt from tax pursuant to the terms of an applicable
income tax treaty or convention. As long as the Common Shares are listed on a designated stock exchange (which currently includes
the NASDAQ and the TSX) at the time of their disposition, the Common Shares generally will not constitute taxable Canadian
property of a Non-Resident holder, unless (a) at any time during the 60-month period immediately preceding the disposition (i)
one or any combination of (A) the Non-Resident holder, (B) persons with whom the Non-Resident holder did not deal at arm’s
length, and (C) partnerships in which the Non-Resident holder or a person described in (B) holds a membership interest directly
or indirectly through one or more partnerships, owned 25% or more of the issued shares of any class or series of shares of the
Company; and (ii) more than 50% of the fair market value of the shares of the Company was derived directly or indirectly from
one or any combination of real or immovable property situated in Canada, “Canadian resource properties” (as defined
in the Tax Act), “timber resource properties” (as defined in the Tax Act) or options in respect of, or interests in,
or for civil law rights in, any such property whether or not such property exists or (b) the Common Shares are otherwise deemed
to be taxable Canadian property to the Non-Resident holder.
A Non-Resident holder’s capital gain
(or capital loss) in respect of Common Shares that constitute or are deemed to constitute taxable Canadian property (and are not
“treaty-protected property” as defined in the Tax Act) will generally be computed in the manner described below under
the heading “Holders Resident in Canada - Disposition of Common Shares”. If the Common Shares were to cease being
listed on the NASDAQ, the TSX or another “recognized stock exchange” (as defined in the Tax Act), a Non-Resident
holder who disposes of Common Shares that are taxable Canadian property may be required to fulfill the requirements of section
116 of the Tax Act, unless the Common Shares are “treaty-protected property” (as defined in the Tax Act) of the disposing
Non-Resident holder.
Non-Resident holders whose Common Shares are
taxable Canadian property should consult their own tax advisors.
Taxation of Dividends on Common Shares
Dividends paid or credited or deemed to be
paid or credited to a Non-Resident holder by the Company are subject to Canadian withholding tax at the rate of 25% unless reduced
by the terms of an applicable tax treaty or convention. Under the Canada - United States Tax Convention (1980) (the “Convention”)
as amended, the rate of withholding tax on dividends paid or credited to a Non-Resident holder who is the beneficial owner of the
dividends, is resident in the U.S. for purposes of the Convention and entitled to the benefits of the Convention (a “U.S.
holder”) is generally limited to 15% of the gross amount of the dividend (or 5% in the case of a U.S. holder that is a company
beneficially owning at least 10% of the Company’s voting shares). Non-Resident holders should consult their own tax advisors.
Holders Resident in Canada
The following discussion applies to a holder
of Common Shares who, at all relevant times, for purposes of the Tax Act, is or is deemed to be resident in Canada (a “Canadian
holder”). Certain Canadian holders whose Common Shares might not otherwise qualify as capital property may, in certain circumstances,
treat the Common Shares and every other “Canadian security” (as defined in the Tax Act) owned by the Canadian holder
as capital property by making an irrevocable election provided by subsection 39(4) of the Tax Act. Canadian holders should consult
their own tax advisors for advice as to whether an election under subsection 39(4) of the Tax Act is available and/or advisable
in their particular circumstances.
Taxation of Dividends on Common Shares
Dividends received or deemed to have been received
on the Common Shares will be included in a Canadian holder’s income for purposes of the Tax Act. Such dividends received
or deemed to have been received by a Canadian holder that is an individual (other than certain trusts) will be subject to the gross-up
and dividend tax credit rules generally applicable under the Tax Act in respect of dividends received on shares of taxable Canadian
corporations. Generally, a dividend will be eligible for the enhanced gross-up and dividend tax credit if the Company designates
the dividend as an “eligible dividend” (within the meaning of the Tax Act) in accordance with the provisions of the
Tax Act. There may be limitations on the ability of the Company to designate dividends as eligible dividends. A Canadian holder
that is a corporation will be required to include such dividends in computing its income and will generally be entitled to deduct
the amount of such dividends in computing its taxable income. In certain circumstances, subsection 55(2) of the Tax Act may treat
a taxable dividend received by a Canadian holder that is a corporation as proceeds of disposition or a capital gain. A Canadian
holder that is a “private corporation” or a “subject corporation” (as such terms are defined in the Tax
Act), may be liable under Part IV of the Tax Act to pay a refundable tax on dividends received or deemed to have been received
on the Common Shares to the extent such dividends are deductible in computing the holder’s taxable income.
Disposition of Common Shares
A disposition, or a deemed disposition, of
a Common Share by a Canadian holder will generally give rise to a capital gain (or a capital loss) equal to the amount by which
the proceeds of disposition of the share, net of any reasonable costs of disposition, exceed (or are less than) the adjusted cost
base of the share to the holder. Such capital gain (or capital loss) will be subject to the treatment described below under “Taxation
of Capital Gains and Capital Losses”.
Additional Refundable Tax
A Canadian holder that is a “Canadian-controlled
private corporation” (as such term is defined in the Tax Act) may be liable to pay an additional refundable tax on certain
investment income including amounts in respect of “Taxable Capital Gains”, as defined below.
Taxation of Capital Gains and Capital Losses
In general, one half of any capital gain (a
“Taxable Capital Gain”) realized by a Canadian holder in a taxation year will be included in the holder’s income
in the year. Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of the Tax Act, one half of any capital loss (an “Allowable
Capital Loss”) realized by a Canadian holder in a taxation year must be deducted from Taxable Capital Gains realized by the
holder in the year and Allowable Capital Losses in excess of Taxable Capital Gains may be carried back and deducted in any of the
three preceding taxation years or carried forward and deducted in any subsequent taxation year against net Taxable Capital Gains
realized in such years. The amount of any capital loss realized by a Canadian holder that is a corporation on the disposition or
deemed disposition of a Common Share may be reduced by the amount of dividends received or deemed to have been received by it on
such Common Share (or on a share for which the Common Share has been substituted) to the extent and under the circumstances prescribed
by the Tax Act. Similar rules may apply where a corporation is a member of a partnership or a beneficiary of a trust that owns
Common Shares, directly or indirectly, through a partnership or a trust.
Alternative Minimum Tax
A Taxable Capital Gain realized and taxable
dividends received or deemed to have been received by a Canadian holder who is an individual (including a trust, other than certain
specified trusts) may give rise to liability for alternative minimum tax.
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following discussion is a summary of the
material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to the purchase, ownership and disposition of Common Shares by a U.S.
Holder (as defined below), but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential U.S. federal income tax effects. This
summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated
thereunder, IRS rulings and judicial decisions in effect on the date hereof. All of these are subject to change, possibly with
retroactive effect, or different interpretations. This summary does not discuss the potential effects, whether adverse or beneficial,
of any proposed legislation that, if enacted, could be applied on a retroactive basis. This summary is not binding on the IRS,
and the IRS is not precluded from taking a position that is different from, and contrary to, the positions taken in this summary.
This summary does not address all aspects of
U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to particular U.S. Holders in light of their specific circumstances (for example,
U.S. Holders subject to the alternative minimum tax or the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income under the Code) or
to holders that may be subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:
●
|
dealers
in stocks, securities or currencies;
|
|
|
●
|
securities
traders that use a mark-to-market accounting method;
|
|
|
●
|
banks
and financial institutions;
|
|
|
●
|
insurance
companies;
|
|
|
●
|
regulated
investment companies;
|
|
|
●
|
real
estate investment trusts;
|
|
|
●
|
tax-exempt
organizations;
|
|
|
●
|
retirement
plans, individual plans, individual retirement accounts and tax-deferred accounts;
|
|
|
●
|
partnerships
or other pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes and their partners or members;
|
|
|
●
|
persons
holding Common Shares as part of a hedging or conversion transaction straddle or other integrated or risk reduction transaction;
|
|
|
●
|
persons
who or that are, or may become, subject to the expatriation provisions of the Code;
|
|
|
●
|
persons
whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; and
|
●
|
direct,
indirect or constructive owners of 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our voting stock or 10%
or more of the total value of shares of all classes of our stock.
|
This summary also does not address the tax
consequences of holding, exercising or disposing of warrants in the Company. If the Company is a PFIC, as described below, U.S.
Holders of its warrants will be subject to adverse tax rules and will not be able to make the mark-to-market or the QEF election
described below with respect to such warrants. U.S. Holders of warrants should consult their tax advisors with regard to the U.S.
federal income tax consequences of holding, exercising or disposing of warrants in the Company, including in the situation in which
the Company is classified as a PFIC.
This summary also does not discuss any aspect
of state, local or foreign law, or estate or gift tax law as applicable to U.S. Holders. In addition, this discussion is limited
to U.S. Holders holding Common Shares as capital assets. For purposes of this summary, “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial
holder of Common Shares who or that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is:
●
|
an
individual citizen or resident of the U.S.;
|
|
|
●
|
a
corporation or other entity classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes created or organized in or under
the laws of the U.S., any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
|
|
|
●
|
an
estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
|
|
|
●
|
a
trust, if (a) a court within the U.S. is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one
or more “U.S. persons” (within the meaning of the Code) have the authority to control all substantial decisions
of the trust, or (b) a valid election is in effect to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
|
If a partnership or other entity or arrangement
classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds Common Shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of
a partner generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. This summary does not address
the tax consequences to any such partner. Such a partner should consult its own tax advisor as to the tax consequences of the partnership
purchasing, owning and disposing of Common Shares.
U.S. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS
WITH REGARD TO THE APPLICATION OF THE TAX CONSEQUENCES DESCRIBED BELOW TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS THE APPLICATION
OF ANY STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN OR OTHER TAX LAWS, INCLUDING GIFT AND ESTATE TAX LAWS.
Tax Consequences if we are a Passive Foreign
Investment Company (“PFIC”)
A foreign corporation will be classified as
a PFIC for any taxable year in which, after taking into account the income and assets of the corporation and certain subsidiaries
pursuant to applicable “look-through rules”, either (i) at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income”
or (ii) at least 50% of the average quarterly value of its assets is attributable to assets which produce passive income or are
held for the production of passive income. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than
certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), annuities and gains from assets that produce
passive income. If a non-U.S. corporation owns at least 25% by value of the stock of another corporation, the non-U.S. corporation
is treated for purposes of the PFIC tests as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation and as receiving
directly its proportionate share of the other corporation’s income.
The Company believes it was a PFIC for the
2015 taxable year, but not for the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 taxable years. However, the fair market value of the Company’s
assets may be determined in large part by the market price of the Common Shares, which is likely to fluctuate, and the composition
of the Company’s income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, the Company spends any cash that is raised in
any financing transaction. Thus, no assurance can be provided that the Company will not be classified as a PFIC for the 2020 taxable
year or any future taxable year. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the Company’s PFIC status.
If the Company is classified as a PFIC for
any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owns Common Shares, the U.S. Holder, absent certain elections (including the mark-to-market
and QEF elections described below), will generally be subject to adverse rules (regardless of whether the Company continues to
be classified as a PFIC) with respect to (i) any “excess distributions” (generally, any distributions received by the
U.S. Holder on the Common Shares in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by the
U.S. Holder in the three preceding taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Common Shares)
and (ii) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of the Common Shares.
Under these adverse rules (a) the excess distribution
or gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period, (b) the amount allocated to the current taxable
year and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which the Company is classified as a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary
income and (c) the amount allocated to each of the other taxable years during which the Company was classified as a PFIC will be
subject to tax at the highest rate of tax in effect for the applicable category of taxpayer for that year and an interest charge
will be imposed with respect to the resulting tax attributable to each such other taxable year. A U.S. Holder that is not a corporation
will be required to treat any such interest paid as “personal interest”, which is not deductible.
U.S. Holders can avoid the adverse rules described
above in part by making a mark-to-market election with respect to the Common Shares, provided that the Common Shares are “marketable”.
The Common Shares will be marketable if they are “regularly traded” on a “qualified exchange” or other
market within the meaning of applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. For this purpose, the Common Shares generally will be considered
to be regularly traded during any calendar year during which they are traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least
15 days during each calendar quarter. The Common Shares are currently listed on the NASDAQ, which constitutes a qualified exchange;
however, there can be no assurance that the Common Shares will be treated as regularly traded for purposes of the mark-to-market
election on a qualified exchange. If the Common Shares were not regularly traded on the NASDAQ or were delisted from the NASDAQ
and were not traded on another qualified exchange for the requisite time period described above, the mark-to-market election would
not be available.
A U.S. Holder that makes a mark-to-market election
must include in gross income, as ordinary income, for each taxable year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market
value of the U.S. Holder’s Common Shares at the close of the taxable year over the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis
in the Common Shares. An electing U.S. Holder may also claim an ordinary loss deduction for the excess, if any, of the U.S. Holder’s
adjusted tax basis in the Common Shares over the fair market value of the Common Shares at the close of the taxable year, but this
deduction is allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains previously included in income. A U.S. Holder that makes
a mark-to-market election generally will adjust such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Common Shares to reflect the amount included
in gross income or allowed as a deduction because of such mark-to-market election. Gains from an actual sale or other disposition
of the Common Shares will be treated as ordinary income, and any losses incurred on a sale or other disposition of the Common Shares
will be treated as ordinary losses to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains previously included in income.
If the Company is classified as a PFIC for
any taxable year in which a U.S. Holder owns Common Shares but before a mark-to-market election is made, the adverse PFIC rules
described above will apply to any mark-to-market gain recognized in the year the election is made. Otherwise, a mark-to-market
election will be effective for the taxable year for which the election is made and all subsequent taxable years. The election cannot
be revoked without the consent of the IRS unless the Common Shares cease to be marketable, in which case the election is automatically
terminated.
If the Company is classified as a PFIC, a U.S.
Holder of Common Shares will generally be treated as owning stock owned by the Company in any direct or indirect subsidiaries that
are also PFICs and will be subject to similar adverse rules with respect to distributions to the Company by, and dispositions by
the Company of, the stock of such subsidiaries. A mark-to-market election is not permitted for the shares of any subsidiary of
the Company that is also classified as a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of, and
procedure for making, a mark-to-market election.
In some cases, a shareholder of a PFIC can
avoid the interest charge and the other adverse PFIC consequences described above by making a QEF election to be taxed currently
on its share of the PFIC’s undistributed income. We will endeavor to satisfy the record keeping requirements that apply to
a QEF and to supply requesting U.S. Holders with the information that such U.S. Holders are required to report under the QEF rules.
However, there can be no assurance that the Company will satisfy the record keeping requirements or provide the information required
to be reported by U.S. Holders.
A U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective
QEF election for the first tax year in which its holding period of its Common Shares begins generally will not be subject to the
adverse PFIC consequences described above with respect to its Common Shares. Rather, a U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective
QEF election will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such U.S. Holder’s pro rata share of (a) the Company’s net
capital gain, which will be taxed as long-term capital gain to such U.S. Holder, and (b) the Company’s ordinary earnings,
which will be taxed as ordinary income to such U.S. Holder, in each case regardless of which such amounts are actually distributed
to the U.S. Holder by the Company. Generally, “net capital gain” is the excess of (i) net long-term capital gain over
(ii) net short-term capital loss, and “ordinary earnings” are the excess of (A) “earnings and profits”
over (B) net capital gain.
A U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective
QEF election with respect to the Company generally (a) may receive a tax-free distribution from us to the extent that such distribution
represents “earnings and profits” that were previously included in income by the U.S. Holder because of such QEF election
and (b) will adjust such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Common Shares to reflect the amount included in income or allowed
as a tax-free distribution because of such QEF election. In addition, a U.S. Holder that makes a QEF election generally will recognize
capital gain or loss on the sale or other taxable disposition of Common Shares.
The QEF election is made on a shareholder-by-shareholder
basis. Once made, a QEF election will apply to the tax year for which the QEF election is made and to all subsequent tax years,
unless the QEF election is invalidated or terminated or the IRS consents to revocation of the QEF election. In addition, if a U.S.
Holder makes a QEF election, the QEF election will remain in effect (although it will not be applicable) during those tax years
in which the Company is not a PFIC.
If the Company is classified as a PFIC and
then ceases to be so classified, a U.S. Holder may make an election (a “deemed sale election”) to be treated for U.S.
federal income tax purposes as having sold such U.S. Holder’s Common Shares on the last day of the taxable year of the Company
during which it was a PFIC. A U.S. Holder that made a deemed sale election would then cease to be treated as owning stock in a
PFIC by reason of ownership of Common Shares in the Company. However, gain recognized as a result of making the deemed sale election
would be subject to the adverse rules described above and loss would not be recognized.
If the Company is a PFIC in any year with respect
to a U.S. Holder, the U.S. Holder will be required to file an annual information return on IRS Form 8621 regarding distributions
received on Common Shares and any gain realized on the disposition of Common Shares.
In addition, if the Company is a PFIC, U.S.
Holders will generally be required to file an annual information return with the IRS (also on IRS Form 8621, which PFIC shareholders
are required to file with their U.S. federal income tax or information returns) relating to their ownership of Common Shares.
U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors
regarding the potential application of the PFIC regime and any reporting obligations to which they may be subject under that regime.
Dividends
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above,
any distributions paid by the Company out of current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income
tax purposes), before reduction for any Canadian withholding tax paid with respect thereto, will generally be taxable to a U.S.
Holder as foreign source dividend income, and generally will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction generally allowed
to corporations.
Distributions in excess of current and accumulated
earnings and profits will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis
in the Common Shares and thereafter as capital gain. The Company does not, however, intend to calculate its earnings and profits
under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, U.S. Holders should expect that any distribution from the Company generally
will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a dividend. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect
to the appropriate U.S. federal income tax treatment of any distribution received from the Company.
Dividends paid to non-corporate U.S. Holders
by the Company in a taxable year in which it is treated as a PFIC, or in the immediately following taxable year, will not be eligible
for the special reduced rates normally applicable to long-term capital gains. In all other taxable years, dividends paid by the
Company should be taxable to a non-corporate U.S. Holder at the special reduced rates normally applicable to long-term capital
gains, provided that certain conditions are satisfied. (including a minimum holding period requirement). The Company believes it
was not a PFIC for the 2019 taxable year. However, no assurance can be provided that the Company will not be classified as a PFIC
for 2020 and, therefore, no assurance can be provided that a U.S. Holder will be able to claim a reduced rate for dividends paid
in 2020 or 2021 (if any). Please see the subsection above entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—‘Tax
Consequences if we are a Passive Foreign Investment Company’” for a more detailed discussion.
Under current law, payments of dividends by
the Company to non-Canadian investors are generally subject to a 25% Canadian withholding tax. The rate of withholding tax applicable
to U.S. Holders that are eligible for benefits under the Canada-United States Tax Convention (the “Convention”) is
reduced to a maximum of 15%. This reduced rate of withholding will not apply if the dividends received by a U.S. Holder are effectively
connected with a permanent establishment of the U.S. Holder in Canada. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. Holders will
be treated as having received the amount of Canadian taxes withheld by the Company, and as then having paid over the withheld taxes
to the Canadian taxing authorities. As a result of this rule, the amount of dividend income included in gross income for U.S. federal
income tax purposes by a U.S. Holder with respect to a payment of dividends may be greater than the amount of cash actually received
(or receivable) by the U.S. Holder from the Company with respect to the payment.
Subject to certain limitations, a U.S. Holder
will generally be entitled, at the election of the U.S. Holder, to a credit against its U.S. federal income tax liability, or a
deduction in computing its U.S. federal taxable income, for Canadian income taxes withheld by the Company. This election is made
on a year-by-year basis and applies to all foreign taxes paid (whether directly or through withholding) by a U.S. Holder during
a year. For purposes of the foreign tax credit limitation, dividends paid by the Company generally will constitute foreign source
income in the “passive category income” basket. The foreign tax credit rules are complex and U.S. Holders should consult
their tax advisors concerning the availability of the foreign tax credit in their particular circumstances.
Dividends paid in Canadian dollars will be
included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on
the date the U.S. Holder (actually or constructively) receives the dividend, regardless of whether such Canadian dollars are actually
converted into U.S. dollars at that time. If the Canadian dollars received are not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt,
a U.S. Holder will have a tax basis in the Canadian dollars equal to their U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Gain or loss,
if any, realized on a sale or other disposition of the Canadian dollars will generally be U.S. source ordinary income or loss to
a U.S. Holder.
The Company generally does not pay any dividends
and does not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future.
Sale, Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition
of Common Shares
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above,
upon a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of Common Shares, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss
for U.S. federal income tax purposes equal to the difference, if any, between the amount realized on the sale, exchange or other
taxable disposition and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Common Shares.
This capital gain or loss will be long-term
capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period in the Common Shares exceeds one year. The deductibility of capital
losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss will generally be U.S. source for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Payments made within the U.S., or by a U.S.
payor or U.S. middleman, of dividends on, and proceeds arising from sales or other dispositions of Common Shares, generally will
be reported to the IRS and to the U.S. Holder as required under applicable regulations. Backup withholding tax may apply to these
payments if the U.S. Holder fails to timely provide in the appropriate manner an accurate taxpayer identification number or otherwise
fails to comply with, or establish an exemption from, such backup withholding tax requirements. Certain U.S. Holders are not subject
to the information reporting or backup withholding tax requirements described herein. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors
as to their qualification for exemption from backup withholding tax and the procedure for establishing an exemption.
Backup withholding tax is not an additional
tax. U.S. Holders generally will be allowed a refund or credit against their U.S. federal income tax liability for amounts withheld,
provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
Subject to certain exceptions and future guidance,
a U.S. Holder that is a “specified individual” or a “specified domestic entity” (as defined in the instructions
to IRS Form 8938) must report annually to the IRS on IRS Form 8938 such U.S. Holder’s interests in stock or securities issued
by a non-U.S. person (such as the Company). U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the information reporting
obligations that may arise from their acquisition, ownership or disposition of Common Shares.
F.
|
Dividends and paying agents
|
Not required.
Not required.
In addition to
placing our audited consolidated annual financial statements before every annual meeting of shareholders as described above, we
are subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In accordance with these requirements,
we file and furnish reports and other information with the SEC. These materials, including this Annual Report on Form 20-F and
the exhibits hereto, may be inspected and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington,
D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the SEC’s Public Reference Room by calling the SEC in the
U.S. at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a website
at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with
the SEC. Our annual reports and some of the other information we submitted to the SEC may be accessed through this website. In
addition, material we filed can be inspected on the Canadian Securities Administrators’ electronic filing system, SEDAR,
accessible at the website www.sedar.com. This material includes our Management Information Circular for our annual meeting of shareholders
to be held in 2020 to be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K, which provides information including directors’ and officers’
remuneration and indebtedness and principal holders of securities. Additional financial information is provided in our audited
annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 and
our MD&A relating to these statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. These documents are also accessible
on SEDAR (www.sedar.com) and on EDGAR (www.sec.gov).
I.
|
Subsidiary information
|
Not required.
Item 11.
|
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
|
Fair value
The Company classifies its financial instruments
in the following categories: “Financial assets at amortized cost”; “Financial liabilities at fair value through
profit or loss (“FVTPL”)”; and “Financial liabilities at amortized cost”.
●
|
The
Company’s financial assets at amortized cost are comprised of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables
and restricted cash equivalents.
|
|
|
●
|
Financial
liabilities at FVTPL are currently comprised of the Company’s warrant liability.
|
|
|
●
|
Financial
liabilities at amortized cost include payables, accrued liabilities, and provision for restructuring costs.
|
The carrying values of all of the aforementioned
financial instruments, excluding warrant liability which is stated at fair value, approximate their fair values due to their short-term
maturity or to the prevailing interest rates of these instruments, which are comparable to those of the market.
The Black-Scholes valuation methodology uses
“Level 2” inputs in calculating fair value, as defined in IFRS 13, which establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes the
inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement).
Financial risk factors
The following provides disclosures relating
to the nature and extent of the Company’s exposure to risks arising from financial instruments, including credit risk, liquidity
risk, market risk (share price risk) and foreign exchange risk and how the Company manages those risks.
Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected
loss if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Company regularly monitors
credit risk exposure and takes steps to mitigate the likelihood of this exposure resulting in losses. The Company’s exposure
to credit risk currently relates to the financial assets at amortized cost in the table above. The Company holds its available
cash in amounts that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and deposits its cash balances with financial institutions
that have an investment grade rating of at least “P-2” or the equivalent. This information is supplied by independent
rating agencies where available and, if not available, the Company uses publicly available financial information to ensure that
it invests its cash in creditworthy and reputable financial institutions. Once there are indicators that there is no reasonable
expectation of recovery, such financial assets are written off but are still subject to enforcement activity.
As at December 31, 2019, trade accounts
receivable for an amount of approximately $265,000 were with four counterparties of which $55,000 was past due and impaired and
fully provided for (2018 - $197,000 with four counterparties and $55,000 past due and impaired and fully provided for). The licensee
is obligated to pay its quarterly royalties, 60 days after quarter-end.
Generally, the Company does not require
collateral or other security from customers for trade accounts receivable; however, credit is extended following an evaluation
of creditworthiness. In addition, the Company performs ongoing credit reviews of all of its customers and establishes an allowance
for doubtful accounts when accounts are determined to be uncollectible. On this basis, as at December 31, 2019, the Company has
provided for all outstanding and unpaid amounts relating to its operations before its licensing of MacrilenTM (macimorelin).
The licensee has paid all amounts owing within 90 days of invoicing.
The maximum exposure to credit risk
approximates the amount recognized in the Company’s consolidated statement of financial position.
Liquidity risk is the risk that the
Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. As indicated in note 23 to the audited financial
statements, the Company manages this risk through the management of its capital structure. It also manages liquidity risk by continuously
monitoring actual and projected cash flows as further discussed in note 1. The Board of Directors reviews and approves the Company’s
operating and capital budgets, as well as any material transactions occurring outside of the ordinary course of business. The Company
has adopted an investment policy in respect of the safety and preservation of its capital to ensure the Company’s liquidity
needs are met. The instruments are selected with regard to the expected timing of expenditures and prevailing interest rates.
All of the Company’s financial
liabilities except lease liabilities are current liabilities with expected settlement dates within one year. The maturity analysis
for lease liabilities is disclosed in note 5 to the audited financial statements.
Share price risk
The change in fair value of the Company’s
warrant liability, which is measured at FVTPL, results from the periodic “mark-to-market” revaluation as further described
in note 17 as it applies to its outstanding share purchase warrants. The valuation models are impacted, among other inputs,
by the market price of the Company’s Common Shares. As a result, the change in fair value of the warrant liability, which is reported
in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), has been and may continue in future periods to be materially affected
most notably by changes in the Company’s common share closing price, which on the NASDAQ ranged from $0.77 to $5.43 during the
year ended December 31, 2019.
If variations in the market price
of our Common Shares of -30% and +30% were to occur, the impact on the Company’s net loss related to the warrant liability
held at December 31, 2019 would be $771,000 to $(806,000), respectively.
(d)
|
Foreign exchange risk
|
Entities using the Euro as their functional currency
The Company is exposed to foreign
exchange risk due to its investments in foreign operations whose functional currency is the Euro. As at December 31, 2019, if the
US dollar had increased or decreased by 10% against the Euro, with all variables held constant, net loss for the year ended December
31, 2019 would have been lower or higher by approximately $841,000 (net income for 2018 - $1,134,000).
Item 12.
|
Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
|
Not required.
Not required.
Not required.
|
D.
|
American depositary shares
|
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 17
|
Financial Statements
|
We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item
18.
|
Item 18.
|
Financial Statements
|
The financial statements appear on pages 113 to 161
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
Consolidated
Financial Statements
As at
December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended
December
31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
(presented
in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the
Board of Directors and Shareholders of Aeterna Zentaris Inc.
Opinion
on the Financial Statements
We have
audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Aeterna Zentaris Inc. and its subsidiaries (together,
the Company) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ (deficiency)
equity, comprehensive (loss) income, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, including
the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial
statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and
its financial performance and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 in conformity with
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
Substantial
Doubt About the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
The accompanying
consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed
in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has a net capital
deficiency that raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard
to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from
the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis
for Opinion
These
consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered
with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to
the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and
Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted
our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that
we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of
its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control
over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal
control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits
included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether
due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis,
evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the
consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
“/s/
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP”
Chartered
Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants
Toronto,
Canada
March
30, 2020
We have
served as the Company’s auditor since 1993.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Consolidated
Statements of Financial Position
|
(in thousands
of US dollars)
|
|
|
December
31, 2019
|
|
|
December
31, 2018
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents (note 7)
|
|
|
7,838
|
|
|
|
14,512
|
|
Trade
and other receivables (note 8)
|
|
|
658
|
|
|
|
294
|
|
Inventory
(note 9)
|
|
|
1,203
|
|
|
|
240
|
|
Prepaid
expenses and other current assets (note 10)
|
|
|
1,211
|
|
|
|
1,210
|
|
Total
current assets
|
|
|
10,910
|
|
|
|
16,256
|
|
Restricted
cash equivalents (note 11)
|
|
|
364
|
|
|
|
418
|
|
Right
of use assets (note 5(a))
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Property,
plant and equipment (note 12)
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
65
|
|
Identifiable
intangible assets (note 13)
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
Goodwill
(note 14)
|
|
|
8,050
|
|
|
|
8,210
|
|
Total
Assets
|
|
|
19,981
|
|
|
|
25,011
|
|
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payables
and accrued liabilities (note 15)
|
|
|
2,148
|
|
|
|
2,791
|
|
Provision
for restructuring and other costs (note 16)
|
|
|
418
|
|
|
|
887
|
|
Income
taxes (note 22)
|
|
|
1,448
|
|
|
|
1,669
|
|
Current
portion of deferred revenues (note 6(a)(ii) and 6(a)(iv))
|
|
|
991
|
|
|
|
249
|
|
Current
portion of lease liabilities (note 5(a))
|
|
|
648
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Current
portion of warrant liability (note 17)
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
current liabilities
|
|
|
5,659
|
|
|
|
5,596
|
|
Deferred
revenues (note 6(a)(ii))
|
|
|
185
|
|
|
|
258
|
|
Lease
liabilities (note 5(a))
|
|
|
255
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Warrant
liability (note 17)
|
|
|
2,249
|
|
|
|
3,634
|
|
Employee
future benefits (note 18)
|
|
|
13,788
|
|
|
|
13,205
|
|
Non-current
portion of provision for restructuring and other costs (note 16)
|
|
|
308
|
|
|
|
411
|
|
Total
liabilities
|
|
|
22,444
|
|
|
|
23,104
|
|
SHAREHOLDERS’
(DEFICIENCY) EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share capital
(note 19)
|
|
|
224,528
|
|
|
|
222,335
|
|
Other
capital (note 19)
|
|
|
89,806
|
|
|
|
89,342
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
(316,891
|
)
|
|
|
(309,781
|
)
|
Accumulated
other comprehensive income
|
|
|
94
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
Total
shareholders’ (deficiency) equity
|
|
|
(2,463
|
)
|
|
|
1,907
|
|
Total
liabilities and shareholders’ (deficiency) equity
|
|
|
19,981
|
|
|
|
25,011
|
|
Going
concern (note 1)
Commitments
and contingencies (note 27)
Subsequent
events (note 29)
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Approved
by the Board of Directors
/s/
Carolyn Egbert
|
|
/s/
Gérard Limoges
|
Carolyn
Egbert
Chair
of the Board
|
|
Gérard
Limoges
Director
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Consolidated
Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ (Deficiency) Equity
|
For
the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(in thousands of US dollars)
|
|
|
Common
shares (number of) 1
|
|
|
Share
capital
|
|
|
Other
capital
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
Accumulated
other comprehensive income
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Balance
- January 1, 2019
|
|
|
16,440,760
|
|
|
|
222,335
|
|
|
|
89,342
|
|
|
|
(309,781
|
)
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
1,907
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(6,042
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(6,042
|
)
|
Other
comprehensive (loss) income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign
currency translation adjustments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
83
|
|
|
|
83
|
|
Actuarial
(loss) on defined benefit plans (note 18)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,068
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,068
|
)
|
Comprehensive
loss
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(7,110
|
)
|
|
|
83
|
|
|
|
(7,027
|
)
|
Share
issuance from the exercise of warrants, stock options and deferred share units
|
|
|
228,750
|
|
|
|
906
|
|
|
|
(329
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
577
|
|
Issuance
of common shares and warrants, net (notes 17 and 19)
|
|
|
3,325,000
|
|
|
|
1,287
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,287
|
|
Share-based
compensation costs
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
793
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
793
|
|
Balance
- December 31, 2019
|
|
|
19,994,510
|
|
|
|
224,528
|
|
|
|
89,806
|
|
|
|
(316,891
|
)
|
|
|
94
|
|
|
|
(2,463
|
)
|
1
|
Issued
and paid in full.
|
|
|
Common
shares (number of) 1
|
|
|
Share
capital
|
|
|
Other
capital
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
Accumulated
other comprehensive income
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Balance
- January 1, 2018
|
|
|
16,440,760
|
|
|
|
222,335
|
|
|
|
88,772
|
|
|
|
(314,161
|
)
|
|
|
271
|
|
|
|
(2,783
|
)
|
Net
income
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,187
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,187
|
|
Other
comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign
currency translation adjustments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(260
|
)
|
|
|
(260
|
)
|
Actuarial
gain on defined benefit plans (note 18)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
193
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
193
|
|
Comprehensive
income
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,380
|
|
|
|
(260
|
)
|
|
|
4,120
|
|
Share-based
compensation costs
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
570
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
570
|
|
Balance
- December 31, 2018
|
|
|
16,440,760
|
|
|
|
222,335
|
|
|
|
89,342
|
|
|
|
(309,781
|
)
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
1,907
|
|
1
|
Issued
and paid in full.
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
|
|
Common
shares
(number
of) 1
|
|
|
Share
capital
|
|
|
Pre-
funded
warrants
|
|
|
Other
capital
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
Accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Balance
- January 1, 2017
|
|
|
12,917,995
|
|
|
|
213,980
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
88,590
|
|
|
|
(298,059
|
)
|
|
|
1,701
|
|
|
|
6,212
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(16,796
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(16,796
|
)
|
Other
comprehensive (loss) income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign
currency translation adjustments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,430
|
)
|
|
|
(1,430
|
)
|
Actuarial
gain on defined benefit plans (note 18)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
694
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
694
|
|
Comprehensive
loss
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(16,102
|
)
|
|
|
(1,430
|
)
|
|
|
(17,532
|
)
|
Share
issuances pursuant to the exercise of pre-funded warrants
|
|
|
301,343
|
|
|
|
977
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
977
|
|
Share
issuances in connection with “at-the-market” drawdowns (note 19)
|
|
|
3,221,422
|
|
|
|
7,378
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
7,378
|
|
Share-based
compensation costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
182
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
182
|
|
Balance
- December 31, 2017
|
|
|
16,440,760
|
|
|
|
222,335
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
88,772
|
|
|
|
(314,161
|
)
|
|
|
271
|
|
|
|
(2,783
|
)
|
1
|
Issued
and paid in full.
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Consolidated
Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income
|
For
the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(in
thousands of US dollars, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Revenues
(note 6)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
License
fees
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
24,325
|
|
|
|
458
|
|
Product
sales
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
2,167
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Royalty
income
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Sales
commission
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
110
|
|
|
|
465
|
|
Supply
chain
|
|
|
284
|
|
|
|
95
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
revenues
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
|
26,881
|
|
|
|
923
|
|
Operating
expenses (note 20)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of sales
|
|
|
410
|
|
|
|
2,104
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Research
and development costs
|
|
|
1,837
|
|
|
|
2,932
|
|
|
|
10,704
|
|
General
and administrative expenses
|
|
|
6,615
|
|
|
|
8,894
|
|
|
|
8,198
|
|
Selling
expenses
|
|
|
1,214
|
|
|
|
3,109
|
|
|
|
5,095
|
|
Restructuring
costs (note 16)
|
|
|
507
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Impairment
of right of use asset (note 5a)
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Impairment
of prepaid asset (note 10)
|
|
|
169
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
operating expenses
|
|
|
10,774
|
|
|
|
17,039
|
|
|
|
23,997
|
|
(Loss)
income from operations
|
|
|
(10,242
|
)
|
|
|
9,842
|
|
|
|
(23,074
|
)
|
Settlements
(note 27)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,400
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Gain
due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates
|
|
|
87
|
|
|
|
656
|
|
|
|
502
|
|
Change
in fair value of warrant liability (note 17)
|
|
|
4,518
|
|
|
|
263
|
|
|
|
2,222
|
|
Other
finance (costs) income
|
|
|
(593
|
)
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
|
75
|
|
Net
finance income
|
|
|
4,012
|
|
|
|
1,197
|
|
|
|
2,799
|
|
(Loss)
income before income taxes
|
|
|
(6,230
|
)
|
|
|
9,639
|
|
|
|
(20,275
|
)
|
Income
tax recovery (expense) (note 22)
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
|
(5,452
|
)
|
|
|
3,479
|
|
Net
(loss) income
|
|
|
(6,042
|
)
|
|
|
4,187
|
|
|
|
(16,796
|
)
|
Other
comprehensive (loss) income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Items
that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign
currency translation adjustments
|
|
|
83
|
|
|
|
(260
|
)
|
|
|
(1,430
|
)
|
Items
that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actuarial
(loss) gain on defined benefit plans
|
|
|
(1,068
|
)
|
|
|
193
|
|
|
|
694
|
|
Comprehensive
(loss) income
|
|
|
(7,027
|
)
|
|
|
4,120
|
|
|
|
(17,532
|
)
|
Net
(loss) income per share (basic) (note 26)
|
|
|
(0.35
|
)
|
|
|
0.25
|
|
|
|
(1.12
|
)
|
Net
(loss) income per share (diluted) (note 26)
|
|
|
(0.35
|
)
|
|
|
0.24
|
|
|
|
(1.12
|
)
|
Weighted
average number of shares outstanding (note 26)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
17,494,472
|
|
|
|
16,440,760
|
|
|
|
14,958,704
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
17,494,472
|
|
|
|
17,034,812
|
|
|
|
14,958,704
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows
|
For
the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(in
thousands of US dollars)
|
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Cash
flows from operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
(loss) income for the year
|
|
|
(6,042
|
)
|
|
|
4,187
|
|
|
|
(16,796
|
)
|
Items
not affecting cash and cash equivalents:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
in fair value of warrant liability (note 17)
|
|
|
(4,518
|
)
|
|
|
(263
|
)
|
|
|
(2,222
|
)
|
Transaction
costs of warrants issued, expensed as finance cost
|
|
|
550
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Provision
for restructuring and other costs (note 16)
|
|
|
511
|
|
|
|
(136
|
)
|
|
|
3,083
|
|
Impairment
of right of use asset (note 5(a))
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Impairment
of prepaid asset (note 10)
|
|
|
169
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Recapture
of inventory previously written off
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(643
|
)
|
Depreciation
and amortization (notes 5,12 and 13)
|
|
|
315
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
94
|
|
Deferred
income taxes (note 22)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,479
|
|
|
|
(3,479
|
)
|
Share-based
compensation costs (note 20)
|
|
|
793
|
|
|
|
570
|
|
|
|
182
|
|
Employee
future benefits (note 18)
|
|
|
262
|
|
|
|
316
|
|
|
|
246
|
|
Amortization
of deferred revenues (note 6)
|
|
|
(74
|
)
|
|
|
(609
|
)
|
|
|
(458
|
)
|
Foreign
exchange gain on items denominated in foreign currencies
|
|
|
(87
|
)
|
|
|
(652
|
)
|
|
|
(553
|
)
|
Loss
(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
(136
|
)
|
Other
non-cash items
|
|
|
(126
|
)
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
(19
|
)
|
Interest
accretion on lease liabilities (note 5)
|
|
|
(66
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Changes
in operating assets and liabilities (note 21)
|
|
|
(2,444
|
)
|
|
|
(151
|
)
|
|
|
(2,212
|
)
|
Net
cash (used in) provided by operating activities
|
|
|
(10,725
|
)
|
|
|
6,825
|
|
|
|
(22,913
|
)
|
Cash
flows from financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds
from issuances of common shares and warrants (note 19)
|
|
|
4,988
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
8,038
|
|
Transaction
costs
|
|
|
(795
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(250
|
)
|
Proceeds
from exercise of warrants, stock options and deferred share units
|
|
|
314
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
242
|
|
Payments
on lease liabilities (note 5)
|
|
|
(614
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
3,893
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
8,030
|
|
Cash
flows from investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase
of property, plant and equipment (note 12)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
Proceeds
for disposals of property, plant and equipment (note 12)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
161
|
|
Cash
provided by (used in) restricted cash equivalents
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
(50
|
)
|
|
|
150
|
|
Net
cash provided by (used in) investing activities
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
307
|
|
Effect
of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
108
|
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
357
|
|
Net
change in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(6,674
|
)
|
|
|
6,732
|
|
|
|
(14,219
|
)
|
Cash
and cash equivalents – beginning of year (note 7)
|
|
|
14,512
|
|
|
|
7,780
|
|
|
|
21,999
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents – end of year (note 7)
|
|
|
7,838
|
|
|
|
14,512
|
|
|
|
7,780
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Aeterna Zentaris Inc. (“Aeterna Zentaris”
or the “Company”) has incurred significant expenses in its efforts to develop and co-promote products. Consequently,
the Company has incurred operating losses and negative cash flow from operations historically and in each of the last several
years except for the year ended December 31, 2018 when the Company earned revenue from the sale of a license for the adult indication
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the United States, and Canada (note 6(a)). As at December 31, 2019, the Company had
an accumulated deficit of $316,891. The Company also had a net loss of $6,042 for the year ended December 31, 2019, and
negative cash flow from operations of $10,725.
Management
has evaluated whether material uncertainties exist relating to events or conditions that may cast substantial doubt about the
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and has considered the following in making that critical judgment.
The
ability of the Company to realize its assets and meet its obligations as they come due is dependent on earning sufficient revenues
under the License Agreement developing opportunities for Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in the rest of the world, realizing other
monetizing transactions, and raising additional sources of funding, the outcome of which cannot be predicted at this time. The
revenue provided under the License Agreement was $45 for the year ended December 31, 2019 and as at December 31, 2019, the Company
had cash of $7,838. In September 2019, the Company closed an equity financing which provided $4,193 in net cash proceeds. On February
21, 2020, the Company closed an equity financing for approximately $3,920 in net cash proceeds.
A significant portion of the
Company’s cash is held in AEZS Germany, the Company’s principle operating subsidiary. AEZS Germany is the
counter-party to the License Agreement described above with Novo, and as such, for generating future revenue earned under the
License Agreement. As such, management considers the cash resources available to AEZS Germany in executing its obligations
under the License Agreement. In the event the current and medium term liabilities of AEZS Germany exceeds the fair values
ascribed to its assets, under German solvency laws, it may no longer be possible for AEZS Germany’s operations to
continue or for AEZS Germany to transfer cash to Aeterna Zentaris or its U.S. subsidiary. This imposes additional
and material uncertainties on the Company when evaluating liquidity and the going concern assumption.
The
Company has some discretion to manage its planned research and development costs, administrative expenses and capital expenditures
in order to manage its cash liquidity, particularly in AEZS Germany. Furthermore, AEZS Germany is focused on opportunities to
either license or sell the European or worldwide rights to Macrilen™ (macimorelin) to third parties. As of the date of issuance
of these consolidated financial statements, there are no assurances that cash will be generated from such arrangements. As such,
management may also need to consider other sources of financing in order to continue its planned operations.
Management has assessed the Company’s
ability to continue as a going concern and concluded that additional capital will be required. There can be no assurance that
the Company will be able to execute license or purchase agreements or to obtain equity or debt financing, or on terms acceptable
to it. Factors within and outside the Company’s control could have a significant bearing on its ability to obtain additional
financing (note 29). As a result, management has determined that there are material uncertainties that may cast significant
doubt upon the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
These
financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which asserts the Company has the ability in the near term to
continue to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities and commitments in a planned manner giving consideration to the above
and expected possible outcomes. Conversely, if the going concern assumption is not appropriate, adjustments to the carrying amounts
of the Company’s assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and balance sheet classifications may be necessary, and these adjustments
could be material.
Summary
of business
Aeterna Zentaris is a specialty biopharmaceutical
company commercializing and developing therapeutics and diagnostic tests. The Company’s lead product, Macrilen™
(macimorelin), is the first and only United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and European Commission approved
oral test indicated for the diagnosis of patients with adult growth hormone deficiency (“AGHD”). Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
is currently marketed in the U.S. through a license and assignment agreement (the “License Agreement”)
with Novo. Aeterna Zentaris is also pursuing the development of macimorelin for the diagnosis of child-onset growth hormone
deficiency (“CGHD”), an area of significant unmet need. In addition, we are actively pursuing business development opportunities
for the commercialization of macimorelin in Europe and the rest of the world in addition to other non-strategic assets to monetize
their value
The Company’s principal focus is on the commercialization
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) and it currently does not have any other approved products. Under the terms of License Agreement(as defined below), Novo Nordisk A/S (“Novo”) is funding 70% of the pediatric clinical trial submitted to the EMA and
FDA, the Company’s sole development activity. In November 2019, Novo contracted Aeterna Zentaris GmbH(“AEZS Germany”),
our wholly owned German subsidiary, to provide supply chain services for the manufacture of Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
Reporting
entity
The accompanying consolidated financial statements
include the accounts of Aeterna Zentaris, an entity incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act, and its
wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Group”). Aeterna Zentaris is the ultimate parent company
of the Group. The Company currently has three wholly-owned direct and indirect subsidiaries, AEZS Germany, based in Frankfurt,
Germany, Zentaris IVF GmbH, a wholly-owned subsidiary of AEZS Germany, based in Frankfurt, Germany, and Aeterna Zentaris,
Inc., an entity incorporated in the state of Delaware and with offices in Summerville, South Carolina, in the U.S.
The
registered office of the Company is located at 5300 Commerce Court West, 199 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5L 1B9, Canada and
its principal place of business is 315 Sigma Drive, Summerville, South Carolina 29486.
The
Company’s common shares are listed on both the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”) and on the NASDAQ Capital
Market (the “NASDAQ”).
Basis
of presentation
(a)
|
Statement
of compliance
|
These
consolidated financial statements as at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018
and 2017 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the
International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).
These
consolidated financial statements were approved by the Company’s Board of Directors subject
to confirmation by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, which confirmation was received on March 27, 2020.
The
preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates and the
exercise of management’s judgment in applying the Company’s accounting policies. Areas involving a high degree of
judgment or complexity and areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the Company’s consolidated financial
statements are discussed in note 4 - Critical accounting estimates and judgments.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
The
consolidated financial statements have been prepared under a historical cost convention except for warrant liability which is
measured at fair value through profit or loss.
(c)
|
Principles
of consolidation
|
These
consolidated financial statements include any entity in which the Company directly or indirectly holds more than 50% of the voting
rights or over which the Company exercises control. The Company controls an entity when the Company is exposed to, or has rights
to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the
entity. An entity is included in the consolidation from the date that control is transferred to the Company, while any entities
that are sold are excluded from the consolidation from the date that control ceases. All inter-company balances and transactions
are eliminated on consolidation.
Items
included in the financial statements of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment
in which the entities operate (the “functional currency”) which is U.S. dollars for the Company and its U.S. subsidiary,
Aeterna Zentaris, Inc. and Euro (“EUR”) for its German subsidiaries.
Assets
and liabilities of the German subsidiaries are translated from EUR balances at the period-end exchange rates, and the results
of operations are translated from EUR amounts at average rates of exchange for the period. The resulting translation adjustments
are included in accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders’ (deficiency) equity.
Foreign
currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the underlying
transaction. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of
monetary assets and liabilities not denominated in the functional currency are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive
(loss) income.
3
|
Summary
of significant accounting policies
|
The
accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all years presented in these consolidated financial statements
except for the adoption of those standards in 2019 (note 5) and have been applied consistently by all Group entities.
Cash
and cash equivalents
Cash
and cash equivalents consist of unrestricted cash on hand and balances with banks, as well as short-term interest-bearing deposits,
such as money market accounts, that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk
of changes in value, with a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition.
Inventories
Inventories
are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method for all inventories.
The Company’s policy is to write down inventory that has become obsolete and inventory that has a cost basis in excess of
its expected net realizable value. Increases in the reserve are recorded as charges in cost of sales. For product candidates that
have not been approved by the FDA, inventory used in clinical trials is written down at the time of production and recorded as
research and development (“R&D”) costs. For products that have been approved by the FDA, inventory used in clinical
trials is expensed at the time the inventory is packaged for the clinical trial. All direct manufacturing costs incurred after
approval are capitalized into inventory.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Restricted
cash equivalents
Restricted
cash equivalents are comprised of bank deposits, related to a guarantee for a long-term operating lease obligation and for a corporate
credit card program that cannot be used for current purposes.
Leases
The
Company assesses, at the inception of a contract, whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A lease is a contract in which
the right to control the use of an identified asset is granted for an agreed upon period of time in exchange for consideration.
The Company assessed whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset when there is both the right
to direct the use of the asset and obtain substantially all the economic benefits from that use. Effective January 1, 2019, the
Company recognizes a right of use and a lease liability at the lease commencement date.
The
lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the non-cancellable lease payments over the lease term and discounted
at the rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate is used,
being the rate that Company would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value in a similar economic
environment with similar terms and conditions. Lease payments include fixed payments and such variable payments that depend on
an index or a rate; less any lease incentives receivable.
The
lease liability is subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is
a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company’s estimate
of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it
will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease liability is remeasured, a corresponding adjustment
is made to the carrying amount of the right of use asset, with any difference recorded in the statement of comprehensive (loss)
income.
The
right of use assets are measured at cost which comprises the initial lease liability, lease payments made at or before the lease
commencement date, initial direct costs and restoration obligations less lease incentives. The right of use assets are subsequently
measured at amortized cost. The assets are depreciated over the shorter of the assets’ useful life and the lease terms on
a straight-line basis, less any accumulated impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The lease
term includes periods covered by an option to extend if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option. The right of
use assets are assessed for impairment in accordance with the requirements of IAS 36 Impairment of Assets.
Payments
associated with short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognized on a straight-line basis as an expense in the
statement of comprehensive (loss) income.
Property,
plant and equipment and depreciation
Items
of property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment charges. Depreciation is
calculated using the following methods, annual rates and period:
|
|
Methods
|
|
Annual
rates and period
|
Equipment
|
|
Declining
balance and straight-line
|
|
20%
|
Furniture
and fixtures
|
|
Declining
balance and straight-line
|
|
10%
and 20%
|
Computer
equipment
|
|
Straight-line
|
|
25%
and 331/3%
|
Leasehold
improvements
|
|
Straight-line
|
|
Remaining
lease term
|
Depreciation
expense, which is recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss) income, is allocated to the appropriate functional
expense categories to which the underlying items of property, plant and equipment relate.
Identifiable
intangible assets and amortization
Identifiable
intangible assets with finite useful lives consist of in-process R&D acquired in business combinations, patents and trademarks.
In-process R&D acquired in business combinations is recognized at fair value at the acquisition date. Patents and trademarks
are comprised of costs, including professional fees incurred in connection with the filing of patents and the registration of
trademarks for product marketing and manufacturing purposes net of related government grants, impairment losses, where applicable,
and accumulated amortization. Identifiable intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized, from the time at which the
assets are available for use, on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of eight to fifteen years for in-process
R&D and patents and ten years for trademarks. Amortization expense, which is recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive
(loss) income, is allocated to the appropriate functional expense categories to which the underlying identifiable intangible assets
relate.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts
in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise noted)
|
Goodwill
Goodwill
is recognized as the fair value of the consideration transferred including the recognized amount of any non-controlling interest
in the acquiree, less the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as of the acquisition date.
Subsequent to initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill acquired in business
combinations is allocated to groups of cash generating units (“CGU”) that are expected to benefit from the synergies
of the combination.
Impairment
of assets
Items
of property, plant and equipment and identifiable intangible assets with finite lives subject to depreciation or amortization,
respectively, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the
assets may not be recoverable. Management is required to assess at each reporting date whether there is any indication that an
asset may be impaired. Where such an indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is compared to its carrying value,
and an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.
The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purpose of assessing
impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows, or CGU. In determining
value in use of a given asset or CGU, estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Impairment losses
are allocated to the appropriate functional expense categories to which the underlying identifiable intangible assets relate,
and are recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss) income.
Items
of property, plant and equipment and amortizable identifiable intangible assets with finite lives that suffered impairment are
reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment if there has been a change, since the date of the most recent impairment test,
in the estimates used to determine the impaired asset’s recoverable amount. However, an asset’s carrying amount, increased
due to the reversal of a prior impairment loss, must not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation
or amortization, had the original impairment not occurred.
Goodwill
is not subject to amortization and instead is tested for impairment annually or more often if there is an indication that the
CGU to which the goodwill has been allocated may be impaired. Impairment is determined for goodwill by assessing whether the carrying
value of a CGU, including the allocated goodwill, exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of fair value less costs
to sell and value in use. In the event that the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its recoverable amount, an impairment loss
is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. Impairment losses related to goodwill are not subsequently reversed.
Share
purchase warrants
Share
purchase warrants are classified as liabilities when the Company does not have the unconditional right to avoid delivering cash
to the holders in the future. Each of the Company’s share purchase warrants contains a written put option, arising upon
the occurrence of a fundamental transaction, as that term is defined in the share purchase warrants, including a change of control.
As a result of the existence of these put options, and despite the fact that the repurchase feature is conditional on a defined
contingency, the share purchase warrants are required to be classified as a financial liability, since such contingency could
ultimately result in the transfer of assets by the Company.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
The
warrant liability is initially measured at fair value, and any subsequent changes in fair value are recognized as gains or losses
through profit or loss. Any transaction costs related to the share purchase warrants are expensed as incurred.
The
warrant liability is classified as non-current, unless the underlying share purchase warrants will expire or be settled within
12 months from the end of a given reporting period.
Employee
benefits
Salaries
and other short-term benefits
Salaries
and other short-term benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are recognized in the consolidated statement
of comprehensive (loss) income over the related service period or when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation
to make payments as a result of past events and when the amount payable can be estimated reliably.
Post-employment
benefits
AEZS Germany maintains defined contribution
and unfunded defined benefit plans, as well as other benefit plans for its employees. For defined benefit pension plans and other
post-employment benefits, net periodic pension expense is actuarially determined on a quarterly basis using the projected unit
credit method. The cost of pension and other benefits earned by employees is determined by applying certain assumptions, including
discount rates, the projected age of employees upon retirement, the expected rate of future compensation and employee turnover.
The
employee future benefits liability is recognized at its present value, which is determined by discounting the estimated future
cash outflows using interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits
will be paid and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related future benefit liability. Actuarial gains
and losses that arise in calculating the present value of the defined benefit obligation are recognized in other comprehensive
(loss) income, net of tax, and simultaneously reclassified in the deficit in the consolidated statement of financial position
in the year in which the actuarial gains and losses arise and without recycling to the consolidated statement of comprehensive
(loss) income in subsequent periods.
For
defined contribution plans, expenses are recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss) income as incurred–namely,
over the period that the related employee service is rendered.
Termination
benefits
Termination
benefits are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss) income when the Company is demonstrably committed,
without the realistic possibility of withdrawal, to a formal detailed plan to terminate employment earlier than originally expected.
Termination benefit liabilities expected to be settled after 12 months from the end of a given reporting period are discounted
to their present value, where material.
Financial
instruments
The
Company classifies its financial instruments in the following categories: “Financial assets at fair value through profit
or loss (“FVTPL”); “Financial assets at amortized cost”; “Financial liabilities at “FVTPL”;
and “Financial liabilities at amortized cost”.
Financial
assets at FVTPL: Financial assets carried at FVTPL are initially recorded at fair value and transaction costs are expensed
in the statement of comprehensive (loss) income. Realized and unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value
of the financial assets held at FVTPL are included in the statement of comprehensive (loss) income in the period in which they
arise.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Financial
liabilities at FVTPL: These financial liabilities are initially recognized at fair value, and transaction costs directly attributable
to issuing the warrants are expensed in the statement of comprehensive (loss) income. Financial liabilities that are required
to be measured at FVTPL have all fair value movements, excluding those related to changes in the credit risk of the liability
which are recorded in other comprehensive (loss) income, recognized in the statement of comprehensive (loss) income.
Financial
assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI): Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI are initially
recognized at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently they are measured at fair value, with gains and losses arising from
changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) in the period in which they arise.
Financial
assets at amortized cost: A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if the objective of the business model is to hold
the financial asset for the collection of contractual cash flows, and the asset’s contractual cash flows are comprised solely
of payments of principal and interest. They are classified as current assets or non-current assets based on their maturity date,
and are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently carried at amortized cost less any impairment.
Impairment
of financial assets at amortized cost: The Company recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets
that are measured at amortized cost.
Share
capital
Common
shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of common shares and stock options
are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
Where
offerings result in the issuance of units (where each unit is comprised of a common share of the Company and a share purchase
warrant, exercisable in order to purchase a common share or fraction thereof), proceeds received in connection with those offerings
are allocated between share capital and share purchase warrants based on the residual method. Proceeds are allocated to warrant
liability based on the fair value of the share purchase warrants, and the residual amount of proceeds is allocated to share capital.
Transaction costs in connection with such offerings are allocated to the liability and equity unit components in proportion to
the allocation of proceeds.
Provisions
Provisions
represent liabilities to the Company for which the amount or timing is uncertain. Provisions are recognized when the Company has
a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, such as organizational restructuring, when it is probable
that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and where the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions
are not recognized for future operating losses.
Provisions
are made for any contracts which are deemed onerous. A contract is onerous if the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations
under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it. Provisions for onerous contracts are measured
at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with
the contract. Present value is determined based on expected future cash flows that are discounted at a pre-tax rate that reflects
current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is
recognized in finance costs.
Revenue
recognition
Effective
January 1, 2018, the Company adopted IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”). The standard was
applied using a modified retrospective approach. The adoption of IFRS 15 did not have a significant impact on the timing or measurement
of the Company’s revenue and no adjustment to the opening balance of deficit as at January 1, 2018 has been recorded as
result of adopting IFRS 15.
License
fees
License
fees represent non-refundable payments received at the time of executing the license agreements. The Company’s promise
to grant a license provides its customer with either a right to access the Company’s intellectual property (“IP”)
or a right to use the Company’s IP. Revenue from a license that provides a customer the right to use the Company’s
IP is recognized at a point in time when the transfers to the licensee is completed and the license period begins. Revenue from
a license that provides access to the Company’s IP over a license term is considered to be a performance obligation satisfied
over time and, therefore, revenue is recognized over the term of the license arrangement.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Royalty
and milestone income
Royalty
income earned through a license is recognized when the underlying sales have occurred. Milestone income is recognized at the point
in time when it is highly probable that the respective milestone event criteria are met, and the risk of reversal of revenue recognition
is remote.
The
Company has not recognized any such milestone revenue in these consolidated financial statements
Product
sales
The
Company recognizes revenue from the sale of certain active pharmaceutical ingredients (“API”) and semi-finished goods
upon delivery of such items to its customer.
Supply
chain revenue
The Company also provides oversight support
services for supervision of stability studies and/or development activities with respect to the API batch production as specified
in related contracts with customers. These services are contracted with fixed-fees and are provided over a period of time equal
to one year. The Company recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis over time as it best represents the pattern of performance
of the services. Amounts are invoiced on a quarterly basis in accordance with agreed upon contractual terms
While providing services, the Company incurs
certain direct costs for subcontractors and other expenses that are recoverable directly from its customers. The recoverable amounts
of these direct costs are included in the Company’s operating expenses as the Company controls the services before they
are transferred to the customer and acts as a principal in these arrangements.
Where the Company incurs costs to fulfil
the contract, such costs are capitalized if all of the following criteria are met:
|
●
|
the
costs relate directly to a contract or a specifically-anticipated contract;
|
|
|
|
|
●
|
the
costs generate or enhance company resources that will be used in satisfying future performance obligations; and
|
|
|
|
|
●
|
the
costs are expected to be recovered.
|
The
Company amortizes any asset recognized from capitalizing costs to fulfil a contract on a systematic basis that is consistent with
the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates.
Sales
commission revenue
Revenues
from sales commission are recognized when the products are sold and the related performance obligation is complete as defined
in the contract for the promotion of certain products, there is certainty about receipt of the consideration and all related costs
have been incurred. The customer contracts for sales commission were terminated in 2017 and 2018.
Share-based
compensation costs
The
Company operates an equity-settled share-based compensation plan under which the Company receives services from directors, senior
executives, employees and other collaborators as consideration for equity instruments of the Company.
The
Company accounts for all forms of share-based compensation using the fair value-based method. Fair value of stock options is determined
at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which includes estimates of the number of awards that are expected
to vest over the vesting period. Where granted share options vest in installments over the vesting period (defined as graded vesting),
the Company treats each installment as a separate share option grant. Share-based compensation expense is recognized over the
vesting period, or as specified vesting conditions are satisfied, and credited to other capital.
Any
consideration received by the Company in connection with the exercise of stock options is credited to share capital. Any other
capital component of the share-based compensation is transferred to share capital upon the issuance of shares.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Current
and deferred income tax
Income
tax on profit or loss comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognized in profit or loss, except that a change attributable
to an item of income or expense recognized as other comprehensive (loss) income or directly in equity is also recognized directly
in other comprehensive (loss) income or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with
respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate
on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.
The
current income tax charge is calculated in accordance with tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted
by the reporting date in the countries where the Company’s subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income.
Deferred
income tax is recognized on temporary differences (other than, where applicable, temporary differences associated with unremitted
earnings from foreign subsidiaries and associates to the extent that the investment is essentially permanent in duration, and
temporary differences associated with the initial recognition of goodwill) arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities
and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements and on unused tax losses or R&D non-refundable tax credits
in the Group. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the
reporting date.
Deferred
income tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which
the temporary differences can be utilized.
Deferred
income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current
tax liabilities and when the deferred income taxes assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority
on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.
Research
and development costs
Research
costs are expensed as incurred. Development costs are expensed as incurred, except for those that meet the criteria for deferral,
in which case the costs are capitalized and amortized to operations over the estimated period of benefit. No development costs
have been capitalized during any of the periods presented.
Net
(loss) income per share
Basic
net (loss) income per share is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted
net (loss) income per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year, plus
the effects of dilutive common share equivalents, such as stock options and share purchase warrants. This method requires that
diluted net (loss) income per share be calculated using the treasury stock method, as if all common share equivalents had been
exercised at the beginning of the reporting period, or period of issuance, as the case may be, and that the funds obtained thereby
were used to purchase common shares of the Company at the average trading price of the common shares during the period.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
4
|
Critical
accounting estimates and judgments
|
The
preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of the Company’s assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures.
Judgments, estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience, expectations, current trends and other factors that management
believes to be relevant at the time at which the Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared.
Management
reviews, on a regular basis, the Company’s accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments in order to ensure
that the consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with IFRS. Revisions to accounting estimates
are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.
(a)
|
Critical
accounting estimates and assumptions
|
Critical
accounting estimates and assumptions are those that have a significant risk of causing material adjustment and are often applied
to matters or outcomes that are inherently uncertain and subject to change. As such, management cautions that future events often
vary from forecasts and expectations and that estimates routinely require adjustment.
The
following discusses the most significant accounting estimates and assumptions that the Company has made in the preparation of
the consolidated financial statements.
Going
concern assessment
Management has evaluated whether material
uncertainty exists relating to events or conditions that may cast substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue
as a going concern and has made critical judgements as described in note 1.
Accounting
for the Macrilen™ License Agreement
See
the performance obligations further described in note 6 - Licensing arrangements.
Fair
value of the warrant liability and stock options
Determining
the fair value of the warrant liability and stock options requires judgment related to the selection of the most appropriate pricing
model, the estimation of stock price volatility and the expected term of the underlying instruments. Any changes in the estimates
or inputs utilized to determine fair value could result in a significant impact on the Company’s future operating results,
liabilities or other components of shareholders’ equity. Fair value assumptions used are described in note 17 - Warrant
liability and 19 - Share and other capital.
Impairment of goodwill
The annual impairment assessment related
to goodwill requires management to estimate the recoverable amount, which has been determined using fair value less cost of disposal.
The Company has one reportable segment, and management monitors goodwill based on an overall entity basis. The carrying amount
of its consolidated net deficit is compared to its overall market capitalization. Based on this calculation, and given the Company
has a net deficit, management determined that goodwill was not impaired. Future events could cause the assumptions utilized in
the impairment tests to change, resulting in a potentially adverse effect on the Company’s future results due to increased impairment
charges.
Employee
future benefits
The
determination of expenses and obligations associated with employee future benefits requires the use of assumptions, such as the
discount rate to measure obligations, the projected age of employees upon retirement, the expected rate of future compensation
and estimated employee turnover. Because the determination of the cost and obligations associated with employee future benefits
requires the use of various assumptions, there is measurement uncertainty inherent in the actuarial valuation process. Actual
results will differ from results that are estimated based on the aforementioned assumptions. Additional information is included
in note 18 - Employee future benefits.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Income
taxes
The
estimation of income taxes includes evaluating the recoverability of deferred tax assets based on an assessment of Group entities’
ability to utilize the underlying future tax deductions against future taxable income prior to expiry of those deductions. Management
assesses whether it is probable that some or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization
of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income, which in turn is dependent upon the successful
commercialization of the Company’s products. To the extent that management’s assessment of any Group entity’s
ability to utilize future tax deductions changes, the Company would be required to recognize more or fewer deferred tax assets,
and future income tax provisions or recoveries could be affected. Additional information is included in note 22 - Income taxes.
5
|
Recent
accounting pronouncements
|
Impact
of adoption of significant new IFRS standards in 2019
The
following new IFRS standards have been adopted by the Company effective January 1, 2019:
(a)
IFRS 16, Leases
The
Company has adopted IFRS 16 on a modified retrospective basis from January 1, 2019 with no restatement of comparatives, as permitted
under the specific transitional provisions in the standard.
Overall
impact from adoption
The
change in accounting policy affected the following items in the balance sheet on January 1, 2019:
|
●
|
Right
of use assets - increase by $859
|
|
●
|
Provision
of onerous lease contracts - decrease by $663
|
|
●
|
Lease
liabilities - increase by $1,522
|
(Loss)
income per share for the three and twelve months to December 31, 2019 was not affected as a result of the adoption of IFRS 16.
(ii)
Practical expedients applied
In
applying IFRS 16 for the first time, the Company has used the following practical expedients permitted by the standard:
|
●
|
the
use of a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with reasonably similar characteristics
|
|
●
|
reliance
on previous assessments on whether leases are onerous
|
|
●
|
the
exclusion of initial direct costs for the measurement of the right of use asset at the date of initial application; and
|
|
●
|
the
use of hindsight in determining the lease term where the contract contains options to extend or terminate the lease.
|
The
Company has also elected not to reassess whether a contract is or contains a lease at the date of initial application. Instead,
for contracts entered into before the transition date, the Company relied on its assessment made applying IAS 17 and IFRIC 4 Determining
whether an Arrangement contains a Lease.
(iii)
The Company’s leasing activities and how these are accounted for
The
Company leases various office and lab premises (building), cars and equipment. The building lease was originally for 10 years
with one five-year extension, such extension is ending on April 30, 2021. Car lease contracts are typically made for fixed periods
of three to four years while the equipment lease is for five years ending April 30, 2020. Lease terms are negotiated on an individual
basis and contain a wide range of different terms and conditions. and the lease agreements do not impose any covenants, but leased
assets may not be used as security for borrowing purposes.
Until
the 2018 financial year, leases of property, plant and equipment were classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating
leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) were charged to statement of comprehensive (loss) income on a straight-line
basis over the period of the lease.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
(iv)
Adjustments recognized on adoption of IFRS 16
Lease
liabilities
The
Company has operating leases for building, cars and equipment leases at its location in Frankfurt. Upon adoption of IFRS 16, the
Company recognized lease liabilities in relation to leases which had previously been classified as ‘operating leases’
under the principles of IAS 17 Leases. Under IFRS 16, these liabilities were measured at the present value of the remaining lease
payments excluding renewal options as they are not expected to be exercised, discounted using the Company’s incremental
borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019. The Company’s incremental annual borrowing rate applied to the lease liabilities on
January 1, 2019 were:
|
●
|
Building
lease 5.5%
|
|
●
|
Vehicle
leases ranging from 4.84% to 5.32%
|
|
●
|
Equipment
leases 3.88%
|
The
weighted average incremental borrowing rate applied to lease liabilities recognized in the statement of financial position at
January 1, 2019 was 5.45%.
|
|
2019
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
lease commitments disclosed as at December 31, 2018 (revised)
|
|
|
1,669
|
|
Discounted
using the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate of at the date of initial application:
|
|
|
(147
|
)
|
Lease
liability recognized as at January 1, 2019
|
|
|
1,522
|
|
Current
lease liabilities
|
|
|
629
|
|
Non-current
lease liabilities
|
|
|
893
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During
the year ended December 31, 2019
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
paid as charged to comprehensive (loss) income as other finance income
|
|
|
66
|
|
Payment
against lease liabilities
|
|
|
614
|
|
Foreign
exchange
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease
liability recognized as at December 31, 2019
|
|
|
903
|
|
Current
lease liabilities
|
|
|
648
|
|
Non-current
lease liabilities
|
|
|
255
|
|
The
Company’s lease liabilities come due, as at December 31, 2019, as follows:
|
|
$
|
|
Less
than 1 year
|
|
|
648
|
|
1 - 3 years
|
|
|
253
|
|
4 - 5 years
|
|
|
2
|
|
More
than 5 years
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
|
|
|
903
|
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Right
of use assets
The
Company’s related right of use assets were measured at the amount equal to the lease liability at the date of initial application.
Only the building right of use asset was further adjusted by the application of $663 in related onerous lease provision to the
value at inception.
|
|
Building
|
|
|
Vehicles
and equipment
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At
January 1, 2019
|
|
|
735
|
|
|
|
124
|
|
|
|
859
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
77
|
|
Disposals
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
|
(43
|
)
|
|
|
(50
|
)
|
Impact
of foreign exchange rate changes
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
|
(23
|
)
|
At
December 31, 2019
|
|
|
757
|
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
|
863
|
|
|
|
Building
|
|
|
Vehicles
and equipment
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Accumulated
Depreciation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January
1, 2019
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Disposals
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
(12
|
)
|
|
|
(14
|
)
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
227
|
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
|
278
|
|
Impairment
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
Impact
of foreign exchange rate changes
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
At
December 31, 2019
|
|
|
242
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
281
|
|
|
|
Building
|
|
|
Vehicles
and equipment
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Carrying
amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At
December 31, 2019
|
|
|
515
|
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
582
|
|
During
the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, management continued its search for a sub-lessee. However, there were delays which
led to a reassessment of its onerous lease provision as the Company has determined that its plan to exit its building lease, in
full, as at December 31, 2019 was not probable. As such, the Company recognized an impairment of its right of use building asset
of $337 in the statement of comprehensive (loss) income during the first quarter of 2019. In light of the June 2019 restructuring
of the German operations (note 16), management recognized an additional impairment of $64 as office and lab space was expected
to become vacant or underutilized. During the third quarter of 2019, a new sub-lessee signed a 6-month lease for certain lab and
office space; management reversed the impairment of its building right of use asset by $125. During the fourth quarter of 2019,
an existing sub-lease agreement was renewed, and the amount of rented space was expanded; management then reversed the impairment
of its building right of use asset by $254.
The
Company had $31 in short term lease payments which were not capitalized.
(b)
IFRIC 23, “Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatment” (“IFRIC 23”)
In
June 2017, IFRIC 23, was issued and it provides guidance on how to value uncertain income tax positions based on the probability
of whether the relevant tax authorities will accept the company’s tax treatments. A company is to assume that a taxation
authority with the right to examine any amounts reported to it will examine those amounts and will have full knowledge of all
relevant information when doing so. IFRIC 23 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The adoption
of this interpretation did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016
|
(amounts
in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise noted)
|
(c)
Amendments in Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement (Amendments to IAS 19)
In
June 2015, the IASB published ED/2015/5 Remeasurement on a Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement/Availability of a Refund
from a Defined Benefit Plan (Proposed amendments to IAS 19 and IFRIC 14) combining two issues submitted separately to the
IFRS Interpretations Committee into a single package of narrow-scope amendments to IAS 19 Employee Benefits and IFRIC 14
IAS 19 - The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction. However, in April 2017
the IASB decided to pursue the amendments to IAS 19 and in September 2017 confirmed it would do so despite putting off the amendments
to IFRIC 14. The amendments in Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement (Amendments to IAS 19) are: (i) if a plan amendment,
curtailment or settlement occurs, it is now mandatory that the current service cost and the net interest for the period after
the remeasurement are determined using the assumptions used for the remeasurement and (ii) amendments have been included to clarify
the effect of a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement on the requirements regarding the asset ceiling. An entity applies the
amendments to plan amendments, curtailments or settlements occurring on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period
that begins on or after January 1, 2019. The adoption of these amendments did not have a significant impact on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements.
Accounting
standards issued but not yet adopted
(d)
IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and IAS 8 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors (amendment)
In
October 2018, the IASB issued Definition of Material (Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8) to clarify the definition of ‘material’
and to align the definition used in the Conceptual Framework and the standards themselves. The amendments are effective annual
reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance and does not expect
it to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.
(e)
Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting
Together
with the revised Conceptual Framework published in March 2018, the IASB also issued Amendments to References to the Conceptual
Framework in IFRS Standards. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020. The Company
is currently evaluating the new guidance and does not expect it to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.
|
(a)
|
Macrilen™
License Agreement
|
On January 16, 2018, the Company, through
AEZS Germany, entered into License Agreement with Strongbridge Ireland Limited (“Strongbridge”) to carry out development,
manufacturing, registration, regulatory and supply chain services for the commercialization of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) in
the U.S. and Canada, which provides for (i) the “right to use” license relating to the Adult Indication; (ii) the sale
of the right to acquire a license of a future FDA-approved Pediatric Indication; (iii) the licensee to fund 70% of the costs of
a pediatric clinical trial submitted for approval to the EMA and FDA to be run by the Company with customary oversight from a
joint steering committee; and (iv) for a Supply Arrangement. Effective December 19, 2018, Strongbridge sold the entity which owned
the License Agreement for the U.S. and Canadian rights to Macrilen™ (macimorelin) to Novo. In 2019, the Supply Arrangement
was concluded and Novo contracted AEZS Germany to provide supply chain services for the manufacture of Macrilen™ (macimorelin).
(i)
Adult Indication
Under the terms of the License Agreement,
and for as long as Macrilen™ (macimorelin) is patent-protected, the Company will be entitled to a 15% royalty on annual
net sales up to $75,000 and an 18% royalty on annual net sales above $75,000. Following the end of patent protection in United
States or Canada for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), the Company will be entitled to a 5% royalty on net sales in that country.
In addition, the Company will also receive one-time payments ranging from $4,000 to $100,000 upon the achievement of commercial
milestones going from $25,000 annual net sales up to $500,000 annual net sales.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016
|
(amounts
in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise noted)
|
In January 2018, the Company received a cash
payment of $24,000 from Strongbridge and on July 23, 2018, Strongbridge launched product sales of Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
in the U.S.
Royalty income earned under the License Agreement for the year
ended December 31, 2019 was $45 (2018- $184).
(ii)
Pediatric Indication
Upon approval by the FDA of a pediatric indication
for Macrilen™ (macimorelin), the Company will receive a one-time milestone payment of $5,000. This amount will be
recognized once it is probable that it will be received.
Transaction
price
Analysis
of the total discounted cash flows of both the $24,000 payment and the $5,000 payment upon FDA approval of the Pediatric
Instance demonstrates that 84% of the future revenue streams would be derived from the Adult Indication and 16% from the Pediatric
Indication. On a relative fair value basis, the Company has allocated the transaction price to the performance obligations resulting
in $23.600 being allocated to the Adult Indication and being recognized as license fee revenue in the consolidated statements
of comprehensive (loss) income effective January 2018, and $400 being allocated to the right to a future Pediatric Indication,
which is recognized as deferred revenue on the consolidated statements of financial position and amortized monthly beginning January
2018, over a period of 5.4 years, into the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.
(iii)
PIP Study
During
2019, the Company invoiced its licensee $979 (2018 – $358) as its share of the costs incurred by the Company under the PIP.
The Company considers the funding arrangement under the PIP to be a collaboration arrangement under IFRS 11 and has accounted
for the invoicing as a reduction of costs incurred during the period. This amount is presented in the consolidated statement of
financial position as trade and other receivables and has been fully collected.
(iv)
Supply Chain Arrangement
The
Company agreed, in the Interim Supply Arrangement to the License Agreement, to supply ingredients for the manufacture of Macrilen™
(macimorelin) during an interim period at a price that is set ‘at cost’ without any profit margin. The Company believes
the stand-alone selling price of the manufacturing ingredients to be their cost, as that approximates the amount at which Novo
would be able to procure those same goods with other suppliers. In November 2019, Novo contracted with AEZS Germany, to provide
supply chain services including provision of supervision of stability studies (support services) as well as API batch production
and delivery of certain API and semi-finished goods. The Company has determined the stand-alone selling price of the support services
and API batch production and delivery to be their respective cost, as those approximate the amount at which Novo would be able
to procure those same goods and services with other suppliers.
For
all supply arrangement activities, either under the Interim Supply Agreement or the Supply Agreement with Novo, in 2019, the Company
invoiced $1,159 (2018 – $2,167) and has received payment in full for these invoices. These items are presented in
the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income as product sales; supply chain, sales commissions and other revenue
and as cost of sales when the performance obligations have been met and deferred revenue on the consolidated statements of financial
position when payments have been received in advance of revenue recognition.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016
|
(amounts
in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise noted)
|
|
(b)
|
Zoptrex™
License Agreement
|
On
December 1, 2014, the Company entered into an exclusive master collaboration agreement, a technology transfer and technical assistance
agreement (“TTA”) and a license agreement with Sinopharm A-Think Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (“Sinopharm”)
for the development, manufacture and commercialization of Zoptrex™ in all human uses, in the People’s Republic of
China, including Hong Kong and Macau. Under the terms of the TTA, Sinopharm made a one-time, non-refundable payment of $1,000
to the Company in consideration for the transfer of technical documentation and materials, know-how and technical assistance services.
At December 31, 2017, the Company had deferred revenues net of amortization of $541 relating to non-refundable upfront payments
and, due to events that occurred in 2017, the Company does not anticipate development of Zoptrex™ under the licensing agreements.
In the first quarter of 2018, the Company recognized this amount as revenue.
7
|
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Cash
on hand and balances with banks
|
|
|
4,801
|
|
|
|
3,501
|
|
Interest-bearing
deposits with maturities of three months or less
|
|
|
3,037
|
|
|
|
11,011
|
|
|
|
|
7,838
|
|
|
|
14,512
|
|
8
|
Trade
and other receivables
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Trade
accounts receivable (net of expected credit losses of $55 (2018 - $55))
|
|
|
210
|
|
|
|
142
|
|
Value added
tax
|
|
|
254
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
Other
receivables
|
|
|
194
|
|
|
|
103
|
|
|
|
|
658
|
|
|
|
294
|
|
See note
24 - Financial instruments and financial risk management for discussion of credit losses.
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Raw
Materials
|
|
|
204
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Work
in process
|
|
|
999
|
|
|
|
240
|
|
|
|
|
1,203
|
|
|
|
240
|
|
The
Company recognized $101 of inventory costs and $106 as impairment in drug product for the European market as cost of sales in
the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018 - $2,087 and $nil and 2017
- $nil and $nil).
10
|
Prepaid
expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Prepaid
insurance
|
|
|
791
|
|
|
|
832
|
|
Prepaid
inventory
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
Other
|
|
|
245
|
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
|
1,211
|
|
|
|
1,210
|
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts
in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise noted)
|
During
2019, the Company evaluated the recoverability of $169 paid in a prior year to the Company’s change partner for the serialization
of Macrilen™ (macimorelin) sachet and packaging subject to a repayment arrangement. As the timing and amount of such partner’s
future ability to repay could not be reasonably estimated, the full amount was written off and the Company expects to recognize
any associated revenues in the period in which cash, if any, is received.
11
|
Restricted
cash equivalents
|
The
Company had restricted cash equivalents amounting to $364 at December 31, 2019 (2018 - $418). These balances consist of certificates
of deposit that are used as collateral for corporate credit cards and leases.
12
|
Property,
plant and equipment
|
Components
of the Company’s property, plant and equipment are summarized below.
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
|
Equipment
|
|
|
Furniture
and fixtures
|
|
|
Computer
equipment
|
|
|
Leasehold
improvements
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
At
January 1, 2018
|
|
|
2,268
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
790
|
|
|
|
42
|
|
|
|
3,119
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
Disposals
/ Retirements
|
|
|
(758
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(137
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(895
|
)
|
Reclassifications
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Impact
of foreign exchange rate changes
|
|
|
(64
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
(24
|
)
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
(91
|
)
|
At December 31,
2018
|
|
|
1,458
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
637
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
2,142
|
|
Disposals
/ Retirements
|
|
|
(1,019
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(311
|
)
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
(1,335
|
)
|
Impact
of foreign exchange rate changes
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(12
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
(30
|
)
|
At
December 31, 2019
|
|
|
422
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
314
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
777
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
depreciation
|
|
|
|
Equipment
|
|
|
Furniture
and fixtures
|
|
|
Computer
equipment
|
|
|
Leasehold
improvements
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
At
January 1, 2018
|
|
|
2,210
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
769
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
3,018
|
|
Disposals
/ Retirements
|
|
|
(752
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(137
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(889
|
)
|
Depreciation
expense
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
Impact
of foreign exchange rate changes
|
|
|
(63
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
(87
|
)
|
At December 31,
2018
|
|
|
1,414
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
624
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
2,077
|
|
Disposals
/ Retirements
|
|
|
(1,009
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(311
|
)
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
(1,325
|
)
|
Depreciation
expense
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
Impact
of foreign exchange rate changes
|
|
|
(14
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(12
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
(27
|
)
|
At
December 31, 2019
|
|
|
400
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
307
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
742
|
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts
in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise noted)
|
|
|
Carrying
amount
|
|
|
Equipment
|
|
Furniture
and fixtures
|
|
Computer
equipment
|
|
Leasehold
improvements
|
|
Total
|
|
|
$
|
|
$
|
|
$
|
|
$
|
|
$
|
At
December 31, 2018
|
|
44
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
65
|
|
At
December 31, 2019
|
|
22
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
35
|
|
Depreciation
of $17 ($35 in 2018 and $100 in 2017) is presented in the consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss) income as follows: $10
($20 in 2018 and $69 in 2017) in R&D costs, $7 ($10 in 2018 and $10 in 2017) in general and administrative (“G&A”)
expenses and $nil ($5
in 2018 and $21 in
2017) in selling expenses. During 2019, the Company recognized net loss on disposal of $5 (2018 - $nil and 2017 - $nil) in the
consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss) income.
13
|
Identifiable
intangible assets
|
Identifiable
intangible assets with finite useful lives consist entirely of in-process R&D costs, patents and trademarks with such assets
expected to be fully amortized by 2021. Changes in the carrying value of the Company’s identifiable intangible assets with
finite useful lives are summarized below.
|
|
Year
ended December 31, 2019
|
|
|
Year
ended December 31, 2018
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Accumulated
amortization
|
|
|
Carrying
value
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Accumulated
amortization
|
|
|
Carrying
value
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Balances
– Beginning of the year
|
|
|
32,643
|
|
|
|
(32,581
|
)
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
34,246
|
|
|
|
(34,156
|
)
|
|
|
90
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Retirement
|
|
|
(466
|
)
|
|
|
466
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Recurring
amortization expense
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(23
|
)
|
|
|
(23
|
)
|
Impact
of foreign exchange rate changes
|
|
|
(755
|
)
|
|
|
753
|
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
(1,603
|
)
|
|
|
1,598
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
Balances
– End of the year
|
|
|
31,422
|
|
|
|
(31,382
|
)
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
32,643
|
|
|
|
(32,581
|
)
|
|
|
62
|
|
During
2019, the Company recognized a retirement of $466 on expired patents and trademarks (2018 - $nil).
The change
in carrying value is as follows:
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Accumulated
impairment loss
|
|
|
Carrying
amount
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
At
January 1, 2018
|
|
|
8,613
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
8,613
|
|
Impact
of foreign exchange rate changes
|
|
|
(403
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(403
|
)
|
At
December 31, 2018
|
|
|
8,210
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
8,210
|
|
Impact
of foreign exchange rate changes
|
|
|
(160
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(160
|
)
|
At
December 31, 2019
|
|
|
8,050
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
8,050
|
|
Management’s evaluation
of impairment in goodwill is based on fair value less costs of disposal based on the Company’s market capitalization at
December 31, 2019, its issued and outstanding common shares less estimated cost of disposal of approximately $1,100. In the prior
year the Company’s methodology incorporated estimates of its licensee’s projected sales of Macrilen™ (both units and
selling price), annual revenue growth rate, growth in operating expenses, the effect of future costs of the PIP and discount rate
for generating the Company’s net present value. There was no impairment assessed at December 31, 2019.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
15
|
Payables
and accrued liabilities
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Trade
accounts payable
|
|
|
1,087
|
|
|
|
1,282
|
|
Accrued
research and development costs
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
Salaries,
employment taxes and benefits
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
183
|
|
Financing
of insurance premiums
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
738
|
|
PIP
study payables
|
|
|
118
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Accrued
severance
|
|
|
427
|
|
|
|
148
|
|
Other
accrued liabilities
|
|
|
448
|
|
|
|
414
|
|
|
|
|
2,148
|
|
|
|
2,791
|
|
16
|
Provision
for restructuring and other costs
|
In the third quarter of 2017, AEZS Germany
and its Works Council approved a restructuring program (the “2017 German Restructuring”), which was rolled out as
a part of the continued strategy to transition into a commercially operating specialty biopharmaceutical organization focused
on the commercialization of Macrilen™ (macimorelin). On June 6, 2019, the Company announced that it was further reducing
the size of its German workforce to more closely reflect the Company’s ongoing commercial activities in Frankfurt. AEZS
Germany and its Works Council approved a restructuring that affects 8 employees and was completed on January 31, 2020.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
The changes
in the Company’s provision for restructuring and other costs can be summarized as follows:
|
|
Other
provision
|
|
|
Cetrotide(R)
onerous contracts
|
|
|
2017
German Restructuring: onerous lease
|
|
|
German
Restructuring: severance
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
January
1, 2018
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
473
|
|
|
|
1,208
|
|
|
|
1,807
|
|
|
|
3,497
|
|
Provision
recognized
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
317
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
317
|
|
Utilization
of provision
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
(222
|
)
|
|
|
(467
|
)
|
|
|
(1,202
|
)
|
|
|
(1,900
|
)
|
Change
in the provision
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(21
|
)
|
|
|
(432
|
)
|
|
|
(453
|
)
|
Unwinding
of discount and impact of foreign exchange rate changes
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(21
|
)
|
|
|
(57
|
)
|
|
|
(85
|
)
|
|
|
(163
|
)
|
December 31,
2018
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
547
|
|
|
|
663
|
|
|
|
88
|
|
|
|
1,298
|
|
Adoption
of IFRS 16 (note 5a)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(663
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(663
|
)
|
Provision
recognized
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
507
|
|
|
|
507
|
|
Utilization
of provision
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(137
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(252
|
)
|
|
|
(389
|
)
|
Change
in the provision
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Unwinding
of discount and impact of foreign exchange rate changes
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(18
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
(31
|
)
|
December 31,
2019
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
396
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
330
|
|
|
|
726
|
|
Less:
current portion
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(88
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(330
|
)
|
|
|
(418
|
)
|
Non-current
portion
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
308
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
308
|
|
The change
in the Company’s warrant liability can be summarized as follows:
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Balance
– Beginning of the year
|
|
|
3,634
|
|
|
|
3,897
|
|
|
|
6,854
|
|
Share
purchase warrants issued during the year (note 19)
|
|
|
3,457
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Share
purchase warrants exercised during the year
|
|
|
(318
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(735
|
)
|
Change
in fair value of share purchase warrants
|
|
|
(4,518
|
)
|
|
|
(263
|
)
|
|
|
(2,222
|
)
|
Balance
- End of the year
|
|
|
2,255
|
|
|
|
3,634
|
|
|
|
3,897
|
|
Less:
current portion
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Non-current
portion
|
|
|
2,249
|
|
|
|
3,634
|
|
|
|
3,897
|
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
|
As at December
31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except
share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise noted)
|
A summary
of the activity related to the Company’s share purchase warrants is provided below.
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price ($)
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price ($)
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price ($)
|
|
Balance
– Beginning of the year
|
|
|
3,391,844
|
|
|
|
6.23
|
|
|
|
3,417,840
|
|
|
|
7.59
|
|
|
|
3,779,245
|
|
|
|
9.66
|
|
Issued
(note 19)
|
|
|
3,325,000
|
|
|
|
1.65
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(87,700
|
)
|
|
|
1.07
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(331,730
|
)*
|
|
|
1.07
|
|
Expired
(note 19)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(25,996
|
)
|
|
|
185.00
|
|
|
|
(29,675
|
)
|
|
|
345.00
|
|
Balance
– End of the year
|
|
|
6,629,144
|
|
|
|
4.00
|
|
|
|
3,391,844
|
|
|
|
6.23
|
|
|
|
3,417,840
|
|
|
|
7.59
|
|
* portion
of the Series A warrants was exercised using the cashless feature. Therefore, the total number of equivalent shares issued was
301,343.
The warrants issued in March 2015 expired
unexercised on March 10, 2020.See note 29, for warrants issued after December 31, 2019.
The table
presented below shows the inputs and assumptions applied to the Black-Scholes option pricing model in order to determine the fair
value of all warrants outstanding as at December 31, 2019.
|
|
Number
of equivalent shares
|
|
|
Market-value
per share price
($)
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price
($)
|
|
|
Risk-free
annual interest rate
(a)
|
|
|
Expected
volatility
(b)
|
|
|
Expected
life (years) (c)
|
|
|
Expected
dividend yield
(d)
|
|
March
2015 Series A Warrants (e)
|
|
|
28,144
|
|
|
|
0.91
|
|
|
|
1.07
|
|
|
|
1.58
|
%
|
|
|
53.18
|
%
|
|
|
0.19
|
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
December
2015 Warrants
|
|
|
2,331,000
|
|
|
|
0.91
|
|
|
|
7.10
|
|
|
|
1.58
|
%
|
|
|
78.30
|
%
|
|
|
0.96
|
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
November
2016 Warrants (f)
|
|
|
945,000
|
|
|
|
0.91
|
|
|
|
4.70
|
|
|
|
1.58
|
%
|
|
|
75.89
|
%
|
|
|
0.33
|
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
September
2019 Warrants (g)
|
|
|
3,325,000
|
|
|
|
0.91
|
|
|
|
1.65
|
|
|
|
1.67
|
%
|
|
|
117.60
|
%
|
|
|
4.73
|
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
|
(a)
|
Based
on United States Treasury Government Bond interest rates with a term that is consistent with the expected life of the warrants.
|
|
(b)
|
Based
on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price over the most recent period consistent with the expected life of
the warrants, as well as on future expectations.
|
|
(c)
|
Based
upon time to expiry from the reporting period date.
|
|
(d)
|
The
Company has not paid dividends and it does not intend to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
|
|
(e)
|
For
the March 2015 Series A Warrants, the inputs and assumptions applied to the Black-Scholes option pricing model have been further
adjusted to take into consideration the value attributed to certain anti-dilution provisions. Specifically, the weighted average
exercise price is subject to adjustment (note 19).
|
|
(f)
|
For
the November 2016 Warrants, the Company reduced the fair value of these warrants to take into consideration the fair value
of the $10 call option, which was also calculated using the Black-Scholes pricing model. (note 19).
|
|
(g)
|
For
the September 2019 Warrants, the Company, used the Black-Scholes pricing model to fair value the warrants and allocated the
gross proceeds. The remaining gross proceeds were allocated to share capital (note 19)
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts
in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise noted)
|
18
|
Employee
future benefits
|
AEZS Germany provides unfunded defined
benefit pension plans and unfunded post-employment benefit plans for certain groups of employees. Provisions for pension obligations
are established for benefits payable in the form of retirement, disability and surviving dependent pensions.
The
unfunded defined benefit pension plans are final salary pension plans, which provide benefits to members (or to their surviving
dependents) in the form of a guaranteed level of pension payable for life. The level of benefits provided depends on the member’s
length of service and on his or her base salary in the final years leading up to retirement. Current pensions vary in accordance
with applicable statutory requirements, which foresee an adjustment every three years on an individual basis that is based on
inflationary increases or in relation to salaries of comparable groups of active employees in the Company. An adjustment
may be denied by the Company if the Company’s financial situation does not allow for an increase in pensions. These plans
are unfunded, and the Company meets benefit payment obligations as they fall due.
The change
in the Company’s accrued benefit obligations is summarized as follows:
|
|
Pension
benefit plans
Years ended December 31,
|
|
|
Other
benefit plans
Years ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Balances
– Beginning of the year
|
|
|
13,100
|
|
|
|
14,145
|
|
|
|
13,197
|
|
|
|
105
|
|
|
|
84
|
|
|
|
217
|
|
Current
service cost
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
|
107
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
Interest
cost
|
|
|
239
|
|
|
|
224
|
|
|
|
237
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Actuarial
loss (gain) arising from changes in financial assumptions
|
|
|
1,068
|
|
|
|
(193
|
)
|
|
|
(694
|
)
|
|
|
(28
|
)
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
(115
|
)
|
Benefits
paid
|
|
|
(483
|
)
|
|
|
(492
|
)
|
|
|
(485
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
(66
|
)
|
Impact
of foreign exchange rate changes
|
|
|
(261
|
)
|
|
|
(650
|
)
|
|
|
1,783
|
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
31
|
|
Balances
– End of the year
|
|
|
13,704
|
|
|
|
13,100
|
|
|
|
14,145
|
|
|
|
84
|
|
|
|
105
|
|
|
|
84
|
|
Amounts
recognized:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In
net loss
|
|
|
(280
|
)
|
|
|
(290
|
)
|
|
|
(344
|
)
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
(26
|
)
|
|
|
98
|
|
In
other comprehensive (loss) income
|
|
|
(807
|
)
|
|
|
843
|
|
|
|
(1,089
|
)
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
(31
|
)
|
The
cumulative amount of actuarial net losses recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income as at December 31, 2019 is $5,143 ($4,084
as at December 31, 2018 and $4,277 as at December 31, 2017).
The
significant actuarial assumptions applied to determine the Company’s accrued benefit obligations are as follows:
|
|
Pension
benefit plans
|
|
|
Other
benefit plans
|
|
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
Actuarial
assumptions
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
%
|
|
Discount
rate
|
|
|
1.10
|
|
|
|
1.90
|
|
|
|
1.70
|
|
|
|
1.90
|
|
|
|
1.90
|
|
|
|
1.70
|
|
Pension
benefits increase
|
|
|
1.50
|
|
|
|
1.80
|
|
|
|
1.80
|
|
|
|
1.50
|
|
|
|
1.80
|
|
|
|
1.80
|
|
Rate
of compensation increase
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts
in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise noted)
|
The
calculation of the pension benefit obligation is sensitive to the discount rate assumption. Throughout 2019, management has reduced
the discount rate assumption on a quarterly basis from 1.9% at December 31, 2018 to 1.1% as at December 31, 2019.
Assumptions
regarding future mortality are set based on actuarial advice in accordance with published statistics and experience in Germany.
These assumptions translate into an average remaining life expectancy in years for a pensioner retiring at age 65:
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
Retiring
at the end of the reporting period:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
Female
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
Retiring
20 years after the end of the reporting period:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
Female
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
The
most recent actuarial reports give effect to the pension and post-employment benefit obligations as at December 31, 2019. The
next actuarial reports are planned for December 31, 2020.
In accordance
with the assumptions used as at December 31, 2019, undiscounted defined pension benefits expected to be paid, in Euro, are as
follows:
|
|
|
$
|
|
2020
|
|
|
456
|
|
2021
|
|
|
459
|
|
2022
|
|
|
462
|
|
2023
|
|
|
469
|
|
2024
|
|
|
478
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
12,583
|
|
|
|
|
14,907
|
|
The weighted
average duration of the defined benefit obligation is 15.6 years.
Total
expenses for the Company’s defined contribution plan in its German subsidiary amounted to approximately $54 for the year
ended December 31, 2019 (2018 - $75 and 2017 - $119).
If
variations in the following assumptions had occurred during 2018, the impact on the Company’s pension benefit obligation
of $13,704 as at December 31, 2019 would have been as follows:
Assumption
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
Decrease
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
interest rate by 0.25%
|
|
|
(506
|
)
|
|
|
538
|
|
Change
salary rate by 0.25%
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
Change
pension by 0.25%
|
|
|
391
|
|
|
|
(374
|
)
|
Change
mortality by 1 year
|
|
|
519
|
|
|
|
(518
|
)
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
19
Share and other capital
The
Company has an unlimited number of authorized common shares (being voting and participating shares) with no par value, as well
as an unlimited number of preferred, first and second ranking shares, issuable in series, with rights and privileges specific
to each class, with no par value.
On September 20, 2019, the Company entered into a securities
purchase agreement with U.S. institutional investors to purchase $4,988 (before total transaction costs of $795) of its common
shares in a registered direct offering and warrants with a cashless exercise feature (see note 17) to purchase common shares in
a concurrent private placement (together, the “Offering”). The combined purchase price for one common share and one
warrant was $1.50. Under the terms of the securities purchase agreement, the Company sold 3,325,000 common shares. The gross proceeds
of $4,988 was allocated as $3,457 to warrants based on the ascribed fair value (note 17) and the remaining gross proceeds of $1,531
were allocated to share capital. The transaction costs of $795 were allocated between share capital and warrants based on their
relative fair values. The fair value of the share capital was recorded within equity net of the allocated transaction costs. The
transaction costs of $550 allocated to the warrant liability were recorded as expense in the statement of comprehensive (loss)
income.
In
April 2019, there were 87,850 stock options, 23,000 deferred share units and 87,700 warrants exercised for gross proceeds of $314
with 191,650 common shares issued. In September 2019, 53,000 deferred share units were exercised with 37,100 common shares being
issued.
Common
shares issued in connection with “At-the-Market” (“ATM”) drawdowns
March
2017 ATM Program
On
March 28, 2017, the Company commenced a new ATM offering pursuant to its existing ATM Sales Agreement, dated April 1, 2016, under
which the Company was able, at its discretion, from time to time, to sell up to a maximum of 3 million common shares through ATM
issuances on the NASDAQ, up to an aggregate amount of $9.0 million (the “March 2017 ATM Program”). The common shares
were to be sold at market prices prevailing at the time of the sale of the common shares and, as a result, sale prices varied.
Between
March 28, 2017 and April 18, 2017, the Company issued a total of 597,994 common shares under the March 2017 ATM Program at an
average issuance price of $2.97 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $1,780,000 less cash transaction costs of $55 and previously
deferred financing costs of $65.
April
2017 ATM Program
On
April 27, 2017, the Company entered into a New ATM Sales Agreement and filed with the SEC a prospectus supplement (the “April
2017 ATM Prospectus Supplement” or “April 2017 ATM Program”) related to sales and distributions of up to a maximum
of 2.24 million common shares through ATM issuances on the NASDAQ, up to an aggregate amount of $6.9 million under the New ATM
Sales Agreement. The common shares will be sold at market prices prevailing at the time of the sale of the common shares and,
as a result, prices may vary. The New ATM Sales Agreement and the April 2017 ATM Program superseded and replaced the March 2017
ATM Program, which itself superseded and replaced the April 2016 ATM Program. The April 2017 ATM Prospectus Supplement supplements
the base prospectus included in the Company’s Shelf Registration Statement on Form F-3, as amended (the “2017 Shelf
Registration Statement”), which was declared effective by the SEC on April 27, 2017. The 2017 Shelf Registration Statement
allowed the Company to offer up to $50 million of common shares and is effective for a three-year period.
Between
May 30, 2017 and December 31, 2017, the Company issued a total of 1,805,758 common shares under the April 2017 ATM Program at
an average issuance price of $2.08 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $3,761,000 less cash transaction costs of $115 and
previously deferred financing costs of $285. Because of these issuances, the exercise price of the Series A warrants issued in
March 2015 was adjusted to $1.07 pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions contained in such warrants.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Shareholder
rights plan
Effective
May 8, 2019, the shareholders re-approved the Company’s shareholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”) that provides
the board of directors and the Company’s shareholders with additional time to assess any unsolicited take-over bid for the
Company and, where appropriate, to pursue other alternatives for maximizing shareholder value. Under the Rights Plan, one right
has been issued for each currently issued common share, and one right will be issued with each additional common share that may
be issued from time to time.
Other
capital
The
Company accounts for costs associated with share-based compensation from security grants under its long-term incentive plan and
stock option plans as other capital in its consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ (deficiency) equity and as
general and administrative expenses in its consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.
Long-term
incentive plan
At
the 2018 annual and special meeting of shareholders, the Company’s shareholders approved the adoption of the 2018 long-term
incentive plan (the “LTIP”), which allows the Board of Directors to issue up to 11.4% of the total issued and outstanding
common shares at any given time to eligible individuals at an exercise price to be determined by the Board of Directors at the
time of the grant, subject to a ceiling, as stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, stock units, performance shares,
performance units, and other stock-based awards. This LTIP replaces the stock option plan (the “Stock Option Plan”)
for its directors, senior executives, employees and other collaborators who provide services to the Company. The Company’s
Board of Directors amended the Stock Option Plan on March 20, 2014 and the Company’s Shareholders approved, ratified and
confirmed the Stock Option Plan on May 10, 2016. Options granted under the Stock Option Plan prior to the 2014 amendment expire
after a maximum period of 10 years following the date of grant. Options granted after the 2014 amendment expire after a maximum
period of seven years following the date of grant.
During
2019 and 2018, the Company granted Deferred Share Units (“DSU”) and stock options under the LTIP, and stock options
under the Stock Option Plan in 2017, as follows:
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
US
dollar-denominated grants
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price (US$)
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price (US$)
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price (US$)
|
|
Balance
– Beginning of the year
|
|
|
888,816
|
|
|
|
3.66
|
|
|
|
712,415
|
|
|
|
4.66
|
|
|
|
966,539
|
|
|
|
7.23
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
335,000
|
|
|
|
2.00
|
|
|
|
426,000
|
|
|
|
1.74
|
|
|
|
390,000
|
|
|
|
2.05
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(163,850
|
)
|
|
|
2.42
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Canceled/Forfeited
|
|
|
(6,000
|
)
|
|
|
13.39
|
|
|
|
(249,599
|
)
|
|
|
3.23
|
|
|
|
(643,271
|
)
|
|
|
6.02
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
(100,850
|
)
|
|
|
2.24
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(853
|
)
|
|
|
704.88
|
|
Balance
– End of period
|
|
|
953,116
|
|
|
|
3.38
|
|
|
|
888,816
|
|
|
|
3.66
|
|
|
|
712,415
|
|
|
|
4.66
|
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
Canadian
dollar-denominated stock options
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price (CAN$)
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price (CAN$)
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price (CAN$)
|
|
Balance
– Beginning of the year
|
|
|
869
|
|
|
|
743.56
|
|
|
|
1,503
|
|
|
|
605.84
|
|
|
|
1,858
|
|
|
|
820.27
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(104
|
)
|
|
|
668.65
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
(428
|
)
|
|
|
570.00
|
|
|
|
(530
|
)
|
|
|
367.70
|
|
|
|
(355
|
)
|
|
|
1,728.15
|
|
Balance
– End of the year
|
|
|
441
|
|
|
|
912.00
|
|
|
|
869
|
|
|
|
743.56
|
|
|
|
1,503
|
|
|
|
605.84
|
|
|
|
Options
outstanding
|
|
|
Options
exercisable
|
|
Range
of US dollar-denominated options exercise price
|
|
Number
(#)
|
|
|
Weighted
average remaining contractual life
(years)
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price
($)
|
|
|
Number
(#)
|
|
|
Weighted
average remaining contractual life
(years)
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price
($)
|
|
0.87
to 1.45
|
|
|
160,000
|
|
|
|
7.57
|
|
|
|
0.91
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
1.46
to 1.79
|
|
|
142,000
|
|
|
|
7.26
|
|
|
|
1.67
|
|
|
|
108,667
|
|
|
|
7.88
|
|
|
|
1.74
|
|
1.80
to 2.11
|
|
|
370,000
|
|
|
|
5.67
|
|
|
|
2.07
|
|
|
|
213,334
|
|
|
|
5.23
|
|
|
|
2.06
|
|
2.12
to 3.50
|
|
|
253,948
|
|
|
|
7.03
|
|
|
|
3.18
|
|
|
|
228,948
|
|
|
|
6.74
|
|
|
|
3.30
|
|
3.51
to 1,044.00
|
|
|
27,168
|
|
|
|
2.79
|
|
|
|
46.56
|
|
|
|
27,168
|
|
|
|
2.79
|
|
|
|
46.56
|
|
|
|
|
953,116
|
|
|
|
6.50
|
|
|
|
3.38
|
|
|
|
578,117
|
|
|
|
6.21
|
|
|
|
4.58
|
|
|
|
Canadian
dollar options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2019
|
|
Exercise
price
(CAN$)
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Weighted
average remaining
contractual life (years)
|
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price
(CAN$)
|
|
0
to 912.00
|
|
|
441
|
|
|
|
0.87
|
|
|
|
912.00
|
|
|
|
|
441
|
|
|
|
0.87
|
|
|
|
912.00
|
|
As
at December 31, 2019, the total compensation cost related to unvested US dollar stock options not yet recognized amounted to $101
(2018 - $198). This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.21 years (2018 - 1.15 years).
The
Company settles stock options exercised through the issuance of new common shares as opposed to purchasing common shares on the
market to settle stock option exercises.
Fair
value input assumptions for US dollar-denominated grants
The
table below shows the assumptions, or weighted average parameters, applied to the Black-Scholes option pricing model in order
to determine share-based compensation costs over the life of the awards.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
|
|
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
Expected
dividend yield
|
|
(a)
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
Expected
volatility
|
|
(b)
|
|
|
110.02
|
%
|
|
|
129.23
|
%
|
Risk-free
annual interest rate
|
|
(c)
|
|
|
1.86
|
%
|
|
|
2.51
|
%
|
Expected
life (years)
|
|
(d)
|
|
|
5.94
|
|
|
|
3.6
|
|
Weighted
average share price
|
|
|
|
$
|
2.00
|
|
|
$
|
1.74
|
|
Weighted
average exercise price
|
|
|
|
$
|
2.00
|
|
|
$
|
1.74
|
|
Weighted
average grant date fair value
|
|
|
|
$
|
1.73
|
|
|
$
|
1.39
|
|
(a)
The Company has not paid dividends and it does not intend to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
(b)
Based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price over the most recent period consistent with the expected
life of the stock options, as well as on future expectations.
(c)
Based on United States Treasury Government Bond interest rates with a term that is consistent with the expected life of the stock
options.
(d)
Based upon historical data related to the exercise of stock options, on post-vesting employment terminations and on future expectations
related to exercise behavior.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
20
Operating expenses
The
nature of the Company’s operating expenses from continuing operations include the following:
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Key
management personnel compensation(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries
and short-term employee benefits
|
|
|
1,705
|
|
|
|
2,388
|
|
|
|
2,081
|
|
Consultants
fees
|
|
|
194
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Termination
benefits
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
|
356
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Post-employment
benefits
|
|
|
257
|
|
|
|
147
|
|
|
|
59
|
|
Share-based
compensation costs
|
|
|
784
|
|
|
|
462
|
|
|
|
87
|
|
|
|
|
3,443
|
|
|
|
3,415
|
|
|
|
2,227
|
|
Other
employees compensation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries
and short-term employee benefits
|
|
|
1,257
|
|
|
|
1,325
|
|
|
|
3,584
|
|
Termination
benefits
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,806
|
|
Post-employment
benefits
|
|
|
78
|
|
|
|
275
|
|
|
|
441
|
|
Share-based
compensation costs
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
108
|
|
|
|
95
|
|
|
|
|
1,344
|
|
|
|
1,708
|
|
|
|
5,926
|
|
Cost
of inventory used and services provided
|
|
|
309
|
|
|
|
2,104
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Write down of inventory
|
|
|
101
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Professional
fees
|
|
|
2,599
|
|
|
|
6,421
|
|
|
|
7,153
|
|
Insurance
|
|
|
890
|
|
|
|
1,303
|
|
|
|
949
|
|
Third-party
R&D
|
|
|
322
|
|
|
|
498
|
|
|
|
3,758
|
|
Consulting
fees
|
|
|
144
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Restructuring
costs
|
|
|
507
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Contracted
sales force
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
Travel
|
|
|
154
|
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
|
831
|
|
Marketing
services
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
176
|
|
|
|
698
|
|
Laboratory
supplies
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
139
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Other
goods and services
|
|
|
137
|
|
|
|
342
|
|
|
|
162
|
|
Leasing
costs, net of sublease receipts of $214 in 2019, $121 in 2018(2) and $359 in 2017(2)
|
|
|
247
|
|
|
|
344
|
|
|
|
2,247
|
|
Impairment
of prepaid asset
|
|
|
169
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Depreciation
and amortization of property, equipment and intangibles
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
138
|
|
Depreciation
- right to use assets
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Impairment
losses
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(44
|
)
|
Operating
foreign exchange losses (gains)
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
(72
|
)
|
|
|
|
5,987
|
|
|
|
9,812
|
|
|
|
15,844
|
|
|
|
|
10,774
|
|
|
|
17,039
|
|
|
|
23,997
|
|
(1)
Key management includes the Company’s executive management team and directors.
(2)
Leasing costs also include changes in the onerous lease provision in 2018 and 2017 (note 16) other than those costs attributable
to the unwinding of the discount.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Most
of the employment agreements entered into between the Company and its executive officers include termination provisions, whereby
the executive officers would be entitled to receive benefits that would be payable if the Company were to terminate the executive
officers’ employment without cause or if their employment is terminated following a change of control. Separation benefits
generally are calculated based on an agreed-upon multiple of applicable base salary and incentive compensation and, in certain
cases, other benefit amounts.
21
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Changes
in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade
and other receivables
|
|
|
(371
|
)
|
|
|
(95
|
)
|
|
|
158
|
|
Inventory
|
|
|
(971
|
)
|
|
|
314
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Prepaid
expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
(170
|
)
|
|
|
448
|
|
|
|
(343
|
)
|
Other
non-current assets
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
Payables
and accrued liabilities
|
|
|
(615
|
)
|
|
|
(586
|
)
|
|
|
(1,080
|
)
|
Taxes
payable
|
|
|
(188
|
)
|
|
|
1,669
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Deferred
revenues
|
|
|
743
|
|
|
|
400
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Provision
for restructuring and other costs (note 16)
|
|
|
(389
|
)
|
|
|
(1,957
|
)
|
|
|
(435
|
)
|
Employee
future benefits (note 18)
|
|
|
(483
|
)
|
|
|
(494
|
)
|
|
|
(551
|
)
|
|
|
|
(2,444
|
)
|
|
|
(151
|
)
|
|
|
(2,212
|
)
|
22
Income taxes
Significant
components of current and deferred income tax recovery (expense) are as follows:
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Current
income tax recovery (expense)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Deferred
tax:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Origination
and reversal of temporary differences
|
|
|
2,943
|
|
|
|
(4,003
|
)
|
|
|
6,395
|
|
Adjustments
in respect of prior years
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
742
|
|
|
|
(149
|
)
|
Change
in unrecognized tax assets
|
|
|
(2,755
|
)
|
|
|
(2,191
|
)
|
|
|
(2,767
|
)
|
Total
income tax recovery (expense)
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
|
(5,452
|
)
|
|
|
3,479
|
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
The
reconciliation of the combined Canadian federal and provincial income tax rate to the income tax expense is provided below:
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
Combined
Canadian federal and provincial statutory income tax rate
|
|
|
26.5
|
%
|
|
|
26.8
|
%
|
|
|
26.9
|
%
|
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Income
tax (expense) recovery based on combined statutory income tax rate
|
|
|
1,615
|
|
|
|
(2,574
|
)
|
|
|
5,434
|
|
Change
in unrecognized tax assets
|
|
|
(3,160
|
)
|
|
|
(1,963
|
)
|
|
|
(2,701
|
)
|
Change
in unrecognized tax assets related to OCI
|
|
|
340
|
|
|
|
(188
|
)
|
|
|
(228
|
)
|
Share
issuance costs
|
|
|
65
|
|
|
|
(40
|
)
|
|
|
164
|
|
Permanent
difference attributable to the use of local currency for tax reporting
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
792
|
|
|
|
(71
|
)
|
Change
in enacted rates used
|
|
|
(27
|
)
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
(358
|
)
|
Permanent
difference attributable to net change in fair value of warrant liability
|
|
|
1,197
|
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
595
|
|
Share-based
compensation costs
|
|
|
(210
|
)
|
|
|
(152
|
)
|
|
|
(49
|
)
|
Difference
in statutory income tax rate of foreign subsidiaries
|
|
|
321
|
|
|
|
(917
|
)
|
|
|
768
|
|
Adjustments
in respect of prior years
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(372
|
)
|
|
|
(149
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
(50
|
)
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
|
(5,452
|
)
|
|
|
3,479
|
|
Deferred
income tax assets are recognized to the extent that the realization of the related tax benefit through reversal of temporary differences
and future taxable profits is probable.
(Loss)
income before income taxes
(Loss)
income before income taxes is attributable to the Company’s tax jurisdictions as follows:
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Germany
|
|
|
(6,010
|
)
|
|
|
16,297
|
|
|
|
(13,950
|
)
|
Canada
|
|
|
812
|
|
|
|
(5,504
|
)
|
|
|
(5,592
|
)
|
United
States
|
|
|
(1,032
|
)
|
|
|
(1,154
|
)
|
|
|
(733
|
)
|
|
|
|
(6,230
|
)
|
|
|
9,639
|
|
|
|
(20,275
|
)
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Significant
components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Deferred
tax assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
losses carried forward
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Non-current:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
losses carried forward
|
|
|
691
|
|
|
|
764
|
|
Intangible
assets
|
|
|
2,639
|
|
|
|
3,646
|
|
|
|
|
3,330
|
|
|
|
4,410
|
|
Deferred
tax liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred
revenues
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
Restricted
cash
|
|
|
52
|
|
|
|
153
|
|
Payables
and accrued liabilities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
95
|
|
|
|
|
52
|
|
|
|
286
|
|
Non-current:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property,
plant and equipment
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Deferred
revenues
|
|
|
3,047
|
|
|
|
4,074
|
|
Other
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
|
3,278
|
|
|
|
4,124
|
|
|
|
|
3,330
|
|
|
|
4,410
|
|
Deferred
tax assets (liabilities), net
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Significant
components of unrecognized deferred tax assets are as follows:
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Deferred
tax assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred
revenues and other provisions
|
|
|
550
|
|
|
|
649
|
|
|
|
|
550
|
|
|
|
649
|
|
Non-current:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred
revenues
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Operating
losses carried forward
|
|
|
83,699
|
|
|
|
81,731
|
|
SR&ED
Pool
|
|
|
9,138
|
|
|
|
9,148
|
|
Unused
tax credits
|
|
|
5,149
|
|
|
|
5,894
|
|
Employee
future benefits
|
|
|
2,303
|
|
|
|
2,048
|
|
Property,
plant and equipment
|
|
|
480
|
|
|
|
448
|
|
Share
issuance expenses
|
|
|
342
|
|
|
|
467
|
|
Other
|
|
|
272
|
|
|
|
241
|
|
|
|
|
101,383
|
|
|
|
99,977
|
|
Unrecognized
deferred tax assets
|
|
|
101,933
|
|
|
|
100,626
|
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
As
at December 31, 2019, amounts and expiry dates of tax attributes to be deferred for which no deferred tax asset was recognized
were as follows:
|
|
Canada
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
|
Provincial
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
2028
|
|
|
8,008
|
|
|
|
6,622
|
|
2029
|
|
|
4,791
|
|
|
|
4,773
|
|
2030
|
|
|
4,104
|
|
|
|
4,089
|
|
2031
|
|
|
1,753
|
|
|
|
1,737
|
|
2032
|
|
|
4,250
|
|
|
|
4,250
|
|
2033
|
|
|
3,721
|
|
|
|
3,721
|
|
2034
|
|
|
4,153
|
|
|
|
4,153
|
|
2035
|
|
|
10,418
|
|
|
|
10,452
|
|
2036
|
|
|
10,592
|
|
|
|
10,592
|
|
2037
|
|
|
7,343
|
|
|
|
7,343
|
|
2038
|
|
|
6,557
|
|
|
|
6,557
|
|
2039
|
|
|
3,501
|
|
|
|
3,501
|
|
|
|
|
69,191
|
|
|
|
67,790
|
|
The
Company has non-refundable R&D investment tax credits of approximately $7,005 which can be carried forward to reduce Canadian
federal income taxes payable and which expire at dates ranging from 2019 to 2035. Furthermore, the Company has unrecognized tax
assets in respect of operating losses to be carried forward in Germany and in the U.S. The federal tax losses amount to approximately
$200,707 in Germany (EUR 178,883) for which there is no expiry date, and to $4,044 in the U.S., which expire as
follows:
|
|
United
States
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
2028
|
|
|
369
|
|
2029
|
|
|
178
|
|
2034
|
|
|
151
|
|
2035
|
|
|
447
|
|
2036
|
|
|
195
|
|
2037
|
|
|
709
|
|
2038
|
|
|
1,224
|
|
2039
|
|
|
771
|
|
|
|
|
4,044
|
|
The
operating loss carryforwards and the tax credits claimed are subject to review, and potential adjustment, by tax authorities.
Other deductible temporary differences for which tax assets have not been booked are not subject to a time limit, except for share
issuance expenses which are amortizable over five years.
23
Capital disclosures
The
Company’s objective in managing capital, consisting of shareholders’ (deficiency) equity, with cash and cash equivalents
and restricted cash equivalents being its primary components, is to ensure sufficient liquidity to fund R&D costs, selling
expenses, G&A expenses and working capital requirements.
Over
the past several years, the Company has raised capital via public equity offerings and issuances under various ATM sales programs
as its primary source of liquidity, as discussed in note 19 - share and other capital.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
The
capital management objective of the Company remains the same as that in previous periods. The policy on dividends is to retain
cash to keep funds available to finance the activities required to advance the Company’s product development portfolio and
to pursue appropriate commercial opportunities as they may arise.
The
Company is not subject to any capital requirements imposed by any regulators or by any other external source.
24
Financial instruments and financial risk management
Financial
assets (liabilities) as at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are presented below.
December
31, 2019
|
|
Financial
assets at amortized cost
|
|
|
Financial
liabilities at FVTPL
|
|
|
Financial
liabilities at
amortized cost
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents (note 7)
|
|
|
7,838
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
7,838
|
|
Trade
and other receivables (note 8)
|
|
|
404
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
404
|
|
Restricted
cash equivalents (note 11)
|
|
|
364
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
364
|
|
Payables
and accrued liabilities (note 15)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,148
|
|
|
|
2,148
|
|
Lease
liability (note 5)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
903
|
|
|
|
903
|
|
Warrant
liability (note 17)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,255
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,255
|
|
|
|
|
8,606
|
|
|
|
2,255
|
|
|
|
3,051
|
|
|
|
3,300
|
|
December
31, 2018
|
|
Financial
assets at amortized cost
|
|
|
Financial
liabilities at FVTPL
|
|
|
Financial
liabilities at amortized cost
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents (note 7)
|
|
|
14,512
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
14,512
|
|
Trade
and other receivables (note 8)
|
|
|
245
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
245
|
|
Restricted
cash equivalents (note 11)
|
|
|
418
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
418
|
|
Payables
and accrued liabilities (note 15)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,791
|
|
|
|
2,791
|
|
Warrant
liability (note 17)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,634
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,634
|
|
|
|
|
15,175
|
|
|
|
3,634
|
|
|
|
2,791
|
|
|
|
8,750
|
|
Fair
value
The
Black-Scholes valuation methodology uses “Level 2” inputs in calculating fair value, as defined in IFRS 13, which
establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted
quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable
inputs (Level 3 measurement).
The
input levels discussed in IFRS 13 are:
Level
1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Level 2 –
|
Inputs
other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for an asset or liability, either directly (i.e. prices)
or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
|
|
|
Level 3 –
|
Inputs
for an asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
|
The
carrying values of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, restricted cash equivalents, payables
and accrued liabilities and provision for restructuring and other costs approximate their fair values due to their short-term
maturities or to the prevailing interest rates of the related instruments, which are comparable to those of the market.
Financial
risk factors
The
following provides disclosures relating to the nature and extent of the Company’s exposure to risks arising from financial
instruments, including credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk (share price risk) and foreign exchange risk and how the Company
manages those risks.
(a)
Credit risk
Credit
risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations.
The Company regularly monitors credit risk exposure and takes steps to mitigate the likelihood of this exposure resulting in losses.
The Company’s exposure to credit risk currently relates to the financial assets at amortized cost in the table above. The
Company holds its available cash in amounts that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and deposits its cash balances
with financial institutions that have an investment grade rating of at least “P-2” or the equivalent. This information
is supplied by independent rating agencies where available and, if not available, the Company uses publicly available financial
information to ensure that it invests its cash in creditworthy and reputable financial institutions. Once there are indicators
that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery, such financial assets are written off but are still subject to enforcement
activity.
As
at December 31, 2019, trade accounts receivable for an amount of approximately $265 were with four counterparties of which $55
was past due and impaired and fully provided for (2018 - $197 with four counterparties and $55 past due and impaired and fully
provided for). The licensee is obligated to pay its quarterly royalties, 60 days after quarter-end.
Generally,
the Company does not require collateral or other security from customers for trade accounts receivable; however, credit is extended
following an evaluation of creditworthiness. In addition, the Company performs ongoing credit reviews of all of its customers
and determines expected credit losses. On this basis, as at December 31, 2019, the Company has provided for all outstanding and
unpaid amounts relating to its operations before its licensing of MacrilenTM(macimorelin). The licensee has
paid all amounts owing within 90 days of invoicing.
The
maximum exposure to credit risk approximates the amount recognized in the Company’s consolidated statement of financial
position.
(b)
Liquidity risk
Liquidity
risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. As indicated in note
23, the Company manages this risk through the management of its capital structure. It also manages liquidity risk by continuously
monitoring actual and projected cash flows as further discussed in note 1. The Board of Directors reviews and approves the Company’s
operating and capital budgets, as well as any material transactions occurring outside of the ordinary course of business. The
Company has adopted an investment policy in respect of the safety and preservation of its capital to ensure the Company’s
liquidity needs are met. The instruments are selected with regard to the expected timing of expenditures and prevailing interest
rates.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
All
of the Company’s financial liabilities except lease liabilities are current liabilities with expected settlement dates within
one year. The maturity analysis for lease liabilities is disclosed in note 5.
(c)
Market risk
Share
price risk
The
change in fair value of the Company’s warrant liability, which is measured at FVTPL, results from the periodic “mark-to-market”
revaluation as further described in note 17 as it applies to its outstanding share purchase warrants. The valuation models are
impacted, among other inputs, by the market price of the Company’s common shares. As a result, the change in fair value
of the warrant liability, which is reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), has been and may continue
in future periods to be materially affected most notably by changes in the Company’s common share closing price, which on
the NASDAQ ranged from $0.77 to $5.43 during the year ended December 31, 2019.
If
variations in the market price of our common shares of -30% and +30% were to occur, the impact on the Company’s net loss
related to the warrant liability held at December 31, 2019 would be $771 to $(806), respectively.
(d)
Foreign exchange risk
Entities
using the Euro as their functional currency
The
Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk due to its investments in foreign operations whose functional currency is the Euro.
As at December 31, 2019, if the US dollar had increased or decreased by 10% against the Euro, with all variables held constant,
net loss for the year ended December 31, 2019 would have been lower or higher by approximately $841 (net income for 2018 - $1,134).
25
Segment information
The
Company operates in a single operating segment, being the biopharmaceutical segment.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Geographical
information
Revenues
by geographical area are detailed as follows:
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Ireland
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
24,910
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
United
States
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,416
|
|
|
|
452
|
|
China
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
275
|
|
|
|
262
|
|
Denmark
|
|
|
413
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
British
Virgin Islands
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
280
|
|
|
|
206
|
|
Other
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
|
26,881
|
|
|
|
923
|
|
Revenues
have been allocated to geographic regions based on the country of residence of the Company’s external customers or licensees.
Non-current
assets include restricted cash equivalents, right
of use assets, property, plant and equipment, identifiable intangible assets and goodwill and are detailed by
geographical area as follows:
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Germany
|
|
|
8,969
|
|
|
|
8,599
|
|
United
States
|
|
|
101
|
|
|
|
153
|
|
Canada
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
9,071
|
|
|
|
8,755
|
|
Major
customers representing 10% or more of the Company’s revenues in each of the last three years are as follows:
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Company
1
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
26,127
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Company
2
|
|
|
458
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Company
3
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
275
|
|
|
|
262
|
|
Company
4
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
323
|
|
Company
5
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
Company
6
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
280
|
|
|
|
206
|
|
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
26
Net (loss) income per share
The
following table sets forth pertinent data relating to the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share attributable
to common shareholders.
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Net
(loss) income
|
|
|
(6,042
|
)
|
|
|
4,187
|
|
|
|
(16,796
|
)
|
Basic weighted
average number of shares outstanding
|
|
|
17,494,472
|
|
|
|
16,440,760
|
|
|
|
14,958,704
|
|
Diluted
weighted average number of shares outstanding
|
|
|
17,494,472
|
|
|
|
17,034,812
|
|
|
|
14,958,704
|
|
Items
excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) income per share because the exercise price was greater than the average
market price of the common shares or due to their anti-dilutive effect
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock
options and DSUs
|
|
|
953,557
|
|
|
|
889,685
|
|
|
|
713,918
|
|
Share purchase
warrants
|
|
|
6,629,144
|
|
|
|
3,391,844
|
|
|
|
3,417,840
|
|
Net
(loss) income per share is calculated by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during
the relevant period. Diluted weighted average number of shares reflects the dilutive effect of equity instruments, such as any
“in the money” stock options, DSUs and share purchase warrants. In periods with reported net losses, all stock options
and share purchase warrants are deemed anti-dilutive such that basic net loss per share and diluted net loss per share are equal,
and thus “in the money” stock options and share purchase warrants have not been included in the computation of net
loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive.
27
Commitments and contingencies
|
|
Service
and
manufacturing
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
Less
than 1 year
|
|
|
1,600
|
|
1 - 3 years
|
|
|
11
|
|
4 - 5 years
|
|
|
5
|
|
More
than 5 years
|
|
|
5
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,621
|
|
Contingencies
In
the normal course of operations, the Company may become involved in various claims and legal proceedings related to, for example,
contract terminations and employee-related and other matters.
Aeterna
Zentaris Inc.
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
As
at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
|
(amounts in thousands of US dollars, except share/option/warrant/DSU and per share/option/warrant/DSU data and as otherwise
noted)
|
Securities
class action lawsuit
On March 9, 2020, the Company
settled the previously disclosed class-action lawsuit against it pending in the U.S. District Court for New Jersey. The settlement
payment of $6,500 will be funded entirely by the Company’s insurers. The class-action lawsuit alleged that
the Company and certain of its former officers and directors violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with certain
public statements between August 30, 2011 and November 6, 2014, regarding the safety and efficacy of Macrilen™ (macimorelin)
and the prospects for the approval of the Company’s NDA for the product by the FDA. This settlement remains subject to execution
of final settlement documents and approval by the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey.
Previously settled lawsuits
On
December 21, 2018, the Company settled a dispute with its former President and Chief Executive Officer and with its former Senior
Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary with the Company agreeing to make a payment
in the amount of $775.
On
November 5, 2018, the Company settled a dispute with Cogas Consulting, LLC with the Company agreeing to make a payment of $625.
28
Reclassifications on comparative figures
To
consolidate the presentation of similar items, during 2019, the Company reclassified certain of its prior year comparative balance
sheet items as follows:
Payables
and accrued liabilities and current portion of deferred revenues
The
$175 in payables and accrued liabilities has been reclassified to deferred revenue to be recognized on the sale of inventory to
our licensee in 2020.
29
Subsequent events
|
(a)
|
On February 21, 2020, the Company closed a registered direct offering for 3,478,261 common
shares, at a purchase price of $1.29 per share, priced at-the-market. Additionally, the Company issued to the investors unregistered
warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,608,696 common shares in a concurrent private placement. The warrants have an
exercise price of $1.20 per common share, are exercisable immediately and will expire five and one-half years following the
date of issuance. The gross proceeds of the offering were $4,500. The net cash proceeds to the Company from the offering totaled
approximately $3,920. The Company also issued 243,478 warrants to the placement agent with an exercise price of $1.61719 per
common share, which are exercisable immediately and will expire five years following the date of issuance.
|
|
|
|
|
(b)
|
Subsequent
to year end, the COVID-19 pandemic began causing significant financial market declines and
social dislocation. The situation is dynamic with various cities and countries around the
world responding in different ways to address the outbreak. The spread of COVID-19 may
impact our operations, including the potential interruption of our clinical trial activities
and our supply chain. For example, the COVID-19 outbreak may delay enrollment in our pediatric
clinical trial due to prioritization of hospital resources toward the outbreak, and some patients
may be unwilling to enroll in our trials or be unable to comply with clinical trial protocols
if quarantines impede patient movement or interrupt healthcare services, which would delay
our ability to conduct clinical trials or release clinical trial results and could delay our
ability to obtain regulatory approval and commercialize our product candidates. The spread
of an infectious disease, including COVID-19, may also result in the inability of our suppliers
to deliver components or raw materials on a timely basis or at all. In addition, hospitals
may reduce staffing and reduce or postpone certain treatments in response to the spread of
an infectious disease. Such events may result in a period of business disruption and, in reduced
operations, doctors or medical providers may be unwilling to participate in our clinical trials,
any of which could materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The significant spread of COVID-19 within the U.S., Canada, Germany and elsewhere resulted
in a widespread health crisis and has had adverse effects on local, national and global economies
generally, the markets that we serve, our operations and the market price of our Common Shares.The
Company’s impairment test for various assets including goodwill and intangibles is based
on fair value models which are based on cash flows from operations or other market dependent
models. Accordingly, as required by IFRS we have not reflected these subsequent
conditions in the recoverable value of the estimate of these assets at December 31,
2019.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Uncertain factors, including the duration of the outbreak, the severity of the disease
and the actions to contain or treat its impact, could impair our operations including, among other things, employee mobility
and productivity, availability of our facilities, conduct of our clinical trials and the availability and the productivity
of third-party product and service suppliers.
|
Item
19. Exhibits