Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration No. 333-264243

Prospectus

ATI Physical Therapy, Inc.

9,807,085 shares of Common Stock

11,498,401 Warrants

Up to 11,498,401 shares of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of the Warrants

This prospectus relates to: (1) the issuance by us of up to 5,226,546 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), of ATI Physical Therapy, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company,” “we,” “our”) that may be issued upon exercise of warrants at an exercise price of $3.00 per share (the “Series I Warrants”), (2) the issuance by us of up to 6,271,855 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants at an exercise price of $0.01 per share (“Series II Warrants” and together with the Series I Warrants, the “Warrants”), (3) the offer and sale, from time to time by the selling security holders identified in this prospectus (the “Selling Securityholders”), or their permitted transferees of up to 9,807,085 shares of Common Stock currently outstanding and 11,498,401 Warrants.

This prospectus provides you with a general description of such securities and the general manner in which we and the Selling Securityholders may offer or sell the securities. More specific terms of any securities that we and the Selling Securityholders may offer or sell may be provided in a prospectus supplement that describes, among other things, the specific amounts and prices of the securities being offered and the terms of the offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus.

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the securities under this prospectus, although we could receive up to approximately $15,742,356.55 for the issuance by us of the Common Stock registered under this prospectus assuming the exercise of all the outstanding Warrants, to the extent such warrants are exercised for cash. However, we will pay the expenses associated with the sale of securities pursuant to this prospectus. Any amounts we receive from such exercises will be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

Information regarding the Selling Securityholders, the amounts of shares of Common Stock that may be sold by them and the times and manner in which they may offer and sell the shares of Common Stock under this prospectus is provided under the sections entitled “Selling Securityholders” and “Plan of Distribution,” respectively, in this prospectus. The Selling Securityholders may sell any, all, or none of the securities offered by this prospectus.

The Selling Securityholders and intermediaries through whom such securities are sold may be deemed “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the securities offered hereby, and any profits realized or commissions received may be deemed underwriting compensation. We have agreed to indemnify certain of the Selling Securityholders against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement or amendment carefully before you invest in our securities.

Our Common Stock and our Public Warrants (as such term is defined under “Selected Definitions”), which are not being registered hereunder, are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, or “NYSE,” under the symbol “ATIP” and “ATIP WS” respectively. On April 25, 2022, the last reported sale prices of our Common Stock was $1.60 per share and the last reported sales price of our Public Warrants was $0.21 per Public Warrant.

Investing in our Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 10 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is April 26, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized any dealer, salesperson or other person to provide you with information about the Company, except for the information contained in this prospectus. The information contained in this prospectus is complete and accurate only as of the date on the front cover page of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or the sale of any securities. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted. The information contained in this prospectus may change after the date of this prospectus. Do not assume after the date of this prospectus that the information contained in this prospectus is still correct.

For investors outside the United States: We have not done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the SEC using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, from time to time, the Selling Securityholders may offer and sell the securities offered by them described in this prospectus in one or more offerings from time to time through any means described in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” We may use the shelf registration statement to issue shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrants. We will receive proceeds from any exercise of the Warrants for cash. Additional information about any offering may be provided in a prospectus supplement that describes, among other things, the specific amounts and prices of the Common Stock being offered and the terms of the offering.

A prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information included in this prospectus. Any statement contained in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in such prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified will be deemed to constitute a part of this prospectus only as so modified, and any statement so superseded will be deemed not to constitute a part of this prospectus. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

Neither we nor the Selling Securityholders have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus we have prepared. We and the Selling Securityholders take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby and only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date on the front of those documents only, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement, or any sale of a security. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under“Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

On June 16, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), we consummated the previously announced business combination (the “Business Combination”) pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 21, 2021 (the “Merger Agreement”), between Wilco Holdco, Inc. (“Wilco”) and Fortress Value Acquisition Corp. II (“FAII”), a special purpose acquisition company. In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, we changed our name from Fortress Value Acquisition Corp. II to ATI Physical Therapy, Inc. The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

On the February 24, 2022 (the “Refinancing Date”), we entered into a Series A Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with the purchasers signatory thereto, including funds affiliated with Knighthead Capital Management, LLC (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Investors purchased, in the aggregate, 165,000 shares of Series A Senior Preferred Stock with an initial stated value of $1,000 per share, or $165,000,000 of stated value in the aggregate (“Series A Preferred Stock”), and 11,498,401 Warrants, for an aggregate purchase price of $163,350,000. The Series A Preferred Stock and Warrants were not registered under the Securities Act, and were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration requirements thereof provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder as a transaction by an issuer not involving a public offering without any form of general solicitation or general advertising.

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MARKET AND OTHER INDUSTRY DATA

Certain market and industry data included in this prospectus, including the size of certain markets and our size or position within these markets, including our products, are based on estimates of our management and third-party reports. Management estimates have been derived from our management’s knowledge and experience in the markets in which we operate, as well as information obtained from surveys, reports by market research firms, our customers, distributors, suppliers, trade and business organizations and other contacts in the markets in which we operate, which, in each case, we believe are reliable.

We are responsible for all of the disclosure in this prospectus and while we believe the data from these sources to be accurate and complete, we have not independently verified data from these sources or obtained third-party verification of market share data and this information may not be reliable. In addition, these sources may use different definitions of the relevant markets. Data regarding our industry is intended to provide general guidance but is inherently imprecise.

Assumptions and estimates of our future performance are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Business and Industry.” These and other factors could cause our future performance to differ materially from our assumptions and estimates. See “Cautionary Notes Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

SELECTED DEFINITIONS

Unless stated in this prospectus or the context otherwise requires, references to:

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements included in this prospectus that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions under the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of the words such as “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “should,” “would,” “plan,” “project,” “forecast,” “predict,” “potential,” “seem,” “seek,” “future,” “outlook,” “target” or similar expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends or that are not statements of historical matters. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the impact of physical therapist attrition, anticipated visit and referral volumes and other factors on the Company’s overall profitability, and estimates and forecasts of other financial and performance metrics and projections of market opportunity. These statements are based on various assumptions, whether or not identified in this prospectus, and on the current expectations of the Company’s management and are not predictions of actual performance. These forward-looking statements are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to serve as, and must not be relied on by any investor as, a guarantee, an assurance, a prediction or a definitive statement of fact or probability. Actual events and circumstances are difficult or impossible to predict and will differ from assumptions. Many actual events and circumstances are beyond the control of the Company.

These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including:

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If any of these risks materialize or our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could differ materially from the results implied by these forward-looking statements.

These and other factors that could cause actual results to differ from those implied by the forward-looking statements in this prospectus are more fully described under the heading “Risk Factors “ and elsewhere in this prospectus. The risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” are not exhaustive. Other sections of this prospectus describe additional factors that could adversely affect the business, financial condition or results of operations of the Company. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible to predict all such risk factors, nor can the Company assess the impact of all such risk factors on the business of the Company or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. The Company undertakes no obligations to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

In addition, statements of belief and similar statements reflect the beliefs and opinions of the Company on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to the Company, as applicable, as of the date of this prospectus, and while the Company believes such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and statements should not be read to indicate that the Company has conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and you are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Investors should carefully consider the risks described below and all of the other information set forth in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, including our financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” before deciding to invest in our Common Stock. If any of the events or developments described below occur, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially or adversely affected. As a result, the market price of our Common Stock could decline, and investors could lose all or part of their investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Notes Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Risks Relating to our Business and Industry

We depend upon governmental payors through Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement and decreases in Medicare reimbursement rates may adversely affect our financial results.

A significant portion of our net patient revenue is derived from governmental third-party payors. In 2021, approximately 23.7% of our net patient revenue was derived from Medicare and Medicaid. In recent years, through legislative and regulatory actions, the federal government has made substantial changes to various payment systems under the Medicare program. Additional reforms or other changes to these payment systems may be proposed or adopted, either by the U.S. Congress (“Congress”) or by the CMS, including bundled payments, outcomes-based payment methodologies and a shift away from traditional fee-for-service reimbursement. If revised regulations are adopted, the availability, methods and rates of Medicare reimbursements for services of the type furnished at our facilities could change. Some of these changes and proposed changes could adversely affect our business strategy, operations and financial results. The Medicare program reimburses outpatient rehabilitation providers based on the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (“MPFS”). In the 2020 MPFS final rule, CMS proposed an increase to the code values for office / outpatient evaluation and management codes and cuts to other codes to maintain budget neutrality of the MPFS. This change in code valuations became effective January 1, 2021. Under the new code values, physical / occupational therapy services expected to see code reductions resulting in an estimated 9% decrease in payment. In December 2020, Congress passed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, which reduced the original approximately 9% reduction in reimbursement for physical and occupational therapy services in 2021 to approximately 3% and suspended a 2% sequestration deduction through the first quarter of 2021. On April 14, 2021, H.R. 1868 was signed into law. H.R. 1868 extended the suspension of the 2% Medicare sequestration reduction through 2021. The proposed 2022 budget, released by CMS in July 2021, called for an approximate 3.75% further reduction in reimbursement rates as well as a 15% decrease in payments for services performed by physical therapy assistants. However, in December 2021, the Protecting Medicare and American Farmers from Sequester Cuts Act was signed into law. As a result, the reimbursement rate reduction beginning in January 2022 was approximately 0.75%. The Protecting Medicare and American Farmers from Sequester Cuts Act did not address the 15% decrease in payments for services performed by physical therapy assistants, which began on January 1, 2022. Additionally, a further reduction through resuming sequestration has been postponed. Sequestration reductions will resume at 1% after March 31, 2022, and by an additional 1% after June 30, 2022, which will result in an overall reduction of 2% in reimbursement rates by June 30, 2022 unless acted upon through a Congressional measure.

Statutes, regulations and payment rules governing the delivery of therapy services to Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries are complex and subject to interpretation. Compliance with such laws and regulations requires significant expense and management attention and can be subject to future government review and interpretation, as well as significant regulatory actions, including fines, penalties and exclusion from the

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Medicare and Medicaid programs if we are found to be in non-compliance. Any required actions to return to compliance, or any challenges to such regulatory actions, could be costly and time consuming and may not result in a favorable reversal of any such fines, penalties or exclusions.

Given the history of frequent revisions to the Medicare and Medicaid programs and their complexity, reimbursement rates and rules, we may not continue to receive reimbursement rates from Medicare or Medicaid that sufficiently compensate us for services or, in some instances, cover operating costs. Limits on reimbursement rates or the scope of services being reimbursed could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, any delay or default by the federal or state governments in making Medicare or Medicaid reimbursement payments could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We anticipate the federal and state governments to continue their efforts to contain growth in Medicaid expenditures, which could adversely affect our revenue and profitability.

Medicaid spending has increased rapidly in recent years, becoming a significant component of state budgets. This, combined with slower state revenue growth, has led the federal government and many states to institute measures aimed at controlling the growth of Medicaid spending, and in some instances reducing aggregate Medicaid spending. We expect these state and federal efforts to continue for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, not all of the states in which we operate have elected to expand Medicaid as part of federal healthcare reform legislation. There can be no assurance that the program, on the current terms or otherwise, will continue for any particular period of time beyond the foreseeable future. Historically, state budget pressures have translated into reductions in state spending. In addition, an economic downturn, coupled with sustained unemployment, may also impact the number of enrollees in managed care programs as well as the profitability of managed care companies, which could result in reduced reimbursement rates. If Medicaid reimbursement rates are reduced or fail to increase as quickly as our costs, or if there are changes in the rules governing the Medicaid program that are disadvantageous to our business, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Payments we receive from Medicare and Medicaid are subject to potential retroactive reduction.

Payments we receive from Medicare and Medicaid can be retroactively adjusted during the claims settlement process or as a result of post-payment audits. Payors may disallow our requests for reimbursement, or recoup amounts previously reimbursed, based on determinations by the payors or their third-party audit contractors that certain costs are not reimbursable because the documentation provided was inadequate or because certain services were not covered or were deemed medically unnecessary. Significant adjustments, recoupments or repayments of our Medicare or Medicaid revenue, and the costs associated with complying with audits and investigations by regulatory and governmental authorities, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, from time to time we become aware, either based on information provided by third parties and/or the results of internal reviews, of payments from payor sources that were either wholly or partially in excess of the amount that we should have been paid for the services provided. We are also subject to regular post-payment inquiries, investigations and audits of the claims we submit to Medicare and Medicaid for payment for our services. These post-payment reviews have increased as a result of government cost-containment initiatives. Overpayments may result from a variety of factors, including insufficient documentation to support the services rendered or the medical necessity of such services, or other failures to document the satisfaction of the necessary conditions of payment. We are required by law in most instances to refund the full amount of the overpayment after becoming aware of it, and failure to do so within requisite time limits imposed by applicable law could lead to significant fines and penalties being imposed on us. Furthermore, initial billing of and payments for services that are unsupported by the requisite documentation and satisfaction of any other conditions of payment, regardless of our awareness of the failure at the time of the billing or payment, could

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expose us to significant fines and penalties. We and/or certain of our operating companies could also be subject to exclusion from participation in the Medicare or Medicaid programs in some circumstances, in addition to any monetary or other fines, penalties or sanctions that we may incur under applicable federal and/or state law. Our repayment of any overpayments, as well as any related fines, penalties or other sanctions that we may be subject to, and any costs incurred in responding to requests for records or pursuing the reversal of payment denials, could be significant and could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

From time to time we are also involved in various external governmental investigations, subpoenas, audits and reviews, including in connection with our claims for reimbursement and associated payments. Reviews, audits and investigations of this sort can lead to governmental subpoenas or other actions, which can result in the assessment of damages, civil or criminal fines or penalties, or other sanctions, including restrictions or changes in the way we conduct business, loss of licensure or exclusion from participation in government programs. Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and rules could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, becoming subject to these governmental subpoenas, investigations, audits and reviews can require us to incur significant legal and document production expenses as we cooperate with the governmental authorities, regardless of whether the particular investigation, audit or review leads to the identification of underlying issues.

We depend upon reimbursement by third-party payors.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from third-party payors. In 2021, approximately 56.3% of our net patient revenue was derived from commercial payors. These private third-party payors attempt to control healthcare costs by contracting with healthcare providers to obtain services on a discounted basis. We believe that this trend may continue and may limit reimbursement for healthcare services in the future. In addition, Company claims are closely scrutinized, and failure to submit accurate and complete clinical documentation, including specific documentation by the service provider, could result in adverse actions taken by the payor. Further, if insurers or managed care companies from whom we receive substantial payments were to reduce the amounts they pay for services, our profit margins may decline, or we may lose patients if we choose not to renew our contracts with these insurers at lower rates. In addition, in certain geographical areas, our clinics must be approved as providers by key health maintenance organizations and preferred provider plans. Failure to obtain or maintain these approvals would adversely affect our financial results.

If payments from workers’ compensation payors are reduced or eliminated, our revenue and profitability could be adversely affected.

In 2021, approximately 14.3% of our net patient revenue was derived from workers’ compensation payors. State workers’ compensation laws and regulations vary and changes to state laws could result in decreased reimbursement by third-party payors for physical therapy services, which could have an adverse impact on our revenue. Further, payments received under certain workers’ compensation arrangements may be based on pre-determined state fee schedules, which may be impacted by changes in state funding. Any modification to such schedules that reduces our ability to receive payments from workers’ compensation payors could be significant and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. We may continue to experience unfavorable changes in rates and payor and service mix shifts toward lower reimbursing payor classes as opposed to higher reimbursing classes such as workers’ compensation and auto personal injury. These changes may reflect longer term trends in our markets. Adverse changes in payor mix and/or payor rates are likely to adversely affect our results of operations in future periods, which effects may be material.

Our payor contracts are subject to renegotiation or termination, which could result in a decrease in our revenue or profits.

The majority of our payor contracts are subject to termination by either party. Such contracts are routinely amended (sometimes through unilateral action by payors with respect to payment policies), renegotiated,

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subjected to bidding processes with our competitors, or terminated altogether. Oftentimes in the renegotiation process, certain lines of business may not be renewed or a payor may enlarge its provider network or otherwise change the way it conducts its business in a way that adversely impacts our revenue. In other cases, a payor may reduce its provider network in exchange for lower payment rates. Our revenue from a payor may also be adversely affected if the payor alters its utilization management expectations and/or administrative procedures for payments and audits, changes its order of preference among the providers to which it refers business or imposes a third-party administrator, network manager or other intermediary.

We are subject to risks associated with public health crises and epidemics / pandemics, such as COVID-19.

Our operations expose us to risks associated with public health crises and epidemics / pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic that has spread globally since early 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic (including variants and any future emerging variants) has had, and may continue to have, a material and adverse impact on our operations, including through restrictions on the operation of physical locations, potential cancellations of physical therapy patient appointments, clinical staff unavailable to work due to sickness or exposure and a decline in the scheduling of new or additional patient appointments. Due to these impacts and measures, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, significant and unpredictable reductions and cancellations of patient visits.

The continued spread of COVID-19, and the related global, national and regional policy response has also led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which increases economic uncertainty and the cost of, and adversely impacts access to, capital. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused economic impacts with potentially extended duration, and could directly or indirectly cause a global recession, continued elevated wage inflation, inflation in the cost of goods, services and other operating inputs, changes in the market interest rate environment and other economic impacts.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact the global economy and cause significant macroeconomic uncertainty. Infection rates vary across the country in which we operate. As we have experienced with recent variants, there may be additional waves of infection, which could be more contagious than prior waves. Governmental authorities continue to implement numerous and constantly evolving measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, masking recommendations and mandates, vaccine recommendations and mandates, limits on gatherings, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders and business shutdowns. Government measures intended to address the COVID-19 pandemic, such as mandatory quarantines, vaccine mandates and regular testing requirements, could also impact the availability of our employees or other workers or could lead to attrition of key employees or reduced visits.

Our financial results have been, and are expected to continue to be, negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Visits per day decreased approximately 50.5%, 27.9% and 24.4% in the quarters ended June 30, 2020, September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2020, respectively, in relation to the comparative prior year periods. For the quarter ended March 31, 2021, visits per day decreased by approximately 15.2% in relation to the comparative prior year period, and for the quarters ended June 30, 2021, September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2021, visits per day increased by approximately 70.9%, 13.6%, and 6.3 %, respectively, in relation to the comparative prior year periods. We continue to experience lower aggregate patient volumes in many geographic areas in which we operate as compared to prior to the pandemic. The current economic conditions resulting from COVID-19 have significantly impacted consumer behavior, which have reduced, and could continue to reduce, customer spend on certain medical procedures, including physical therapy, in both the short- and medium-term. Furthermore, we are unable to predict the impact that COVID-19 may have going forward on our business, results of operations or financial position of any of our major payors, which could impact each payor to a varying degree and at different times and could ultimately impact our own financial performance. Certain of our competitors may also be better equipped to weather the impact of COVID-19 and be better able to address changes in customer demand.

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Additionally, enhanced cleaning, sanitization and social distancing protocols, mask policy for all clinicians, patients and support staff and screening protocols for all employees and patients designed to identify possible COVID-19 symptoms, and initiatives we may take in the future, require expenditures of time and resources that we would otherwise be investing in growing the business and could result in slower growth and opportunity costs.

The COVID-19 pandemic could cause any of the impacts described above to recur or could cause other unpredictable events, including events that could impact our ability to access funds from financial institutions and capital markets on terms favorable to us, or at all, and there can be no assurance that the COVID-19 pandemic will not materially impact our results of operations and financial position in the future. Further, even though certain vaccines have been widely distributed and accepted in some geographies, there can be no assurance that the vaccines will ultimately be successful in limiting or stopping the spread of COVID-19, either over the long-term or against new, emerging variants of COVID-19. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, the U.S. economy and other major global economies may experience a recession, and we anticipate our business and operations could be materially adversely affected by a prolonged recession in the U.S. and other major markets. Therefore, it remains difficult to predict the ultimate impact of the pandemic on our results of operations and financial position. In addition to the extent that COVID-19 adversely affects our results of operations or financial position, it may also heighten the other risks described in “Risk Factors”.

The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and the various governmental responses to it impact our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous other evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict, including:

Furthermore, COVID-19 could increase the magnitude of many of the other risks described herein and have other adverse effects on our operations that we are not currently able to predict. Additionally, we may also be

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required to delay or limit our internal strategies in the short- and medium-term by, for example, redirecting significant resources and management attention away from implementing our strategic priorities or executing opportunistic corporate development transactions.

The magnitude of the effect of COVID-19 on our business will depend, in part, on the length and severity of the COVID-19- related restrictions (including the effects of any “re-opening” actions and plans) and other limitations on our ability to conduct its business in the ordinary course. The longer the pandemic continues, the more severe the impacts described above will be on our business (which may also be disproportionately larger in certain local areas compared to the national level). The extent, length and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are uncertain and impossible to predict. COVID-19 and other similar outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and could cause significant volatility in the trading prices of our securities.

We are subject risks related to the impact on our workforce of mandatory COVID-19 vaccination of employees.

We operate in certain states that currently mandate COVID-19 vaccines for healthcare workers. At this time, it is not possible to predict the impact of these regulations on the Company or its workforce. Similar mandatory vaccination or testing requirements that may become applicable to our employees, at the federal, state or local levels, may result in employee attrition and could have a material adverse effect on our business, including future revenue, costs and results of operations.

We are subject to increases in the cost inflation necessary for the provision of our services and we may not be able to fully offset this cost inflation on a timely basis or at all.

Many of the components of our cost of services are subject to price increases that are attributable to factors beyond our control, including but not limited to, costs of clinician services and other professional services, contract labor, janitorial services, support staff services and clinic supplies. In the latter part of 2021 and continuing in 2022, input costs have increased materially and at a historically high rate. The pressures of input cost inflation may continue. To the extent we are unable to offset present and future input cost increases, our operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

We operate in a competitive industry, and if we are not able to compete effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be harmed.

Current or potential patients may seek competitive services in lieu of our services. If we are unable to compete successfully in the physical therapy industry, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

The outpatient physical therapy market is rapidly evolving and highly competitive, and subject to vertical integration. Such vertical integration could reduce the market opportunity for our services. Competition may intensify in the future as existing competitors and new entrants introduce new physical therapy services and platforms. We currently face competition from a range of companies, including other incumbent providers of physical therapy consultation services, that are continuing to grow and enhance their service offerings and develop more sophisticated and effective service platforms. In addition, since there are limited capital expenditures required for providing physical therapy services, there are few financial barriers to enter the industry. Other companies could enter the healthcare industry in the future and divert some or all of our business. Competition from specialized physical therapy service providers, healthcare providers, hospital systems and other parties may result in continued pricing and volume pressures, which would likely to lead to price and volume declines in certain of our services, all of which could negatively impact our sales, profitability and market share.

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Referrals and other methods of driving patient volumes are important to our profitability. We have implemented and are implementing strategies to improve our level of referrals, and if these measures are not successful, or if we are not able to successfully capture referrals or visit demand, it could lead to a decline in patient volumes and revenues, which could negatively impact our profitability and market share.

Some competitors may have greater name recognition, longer operating histories and significantly greater resources than us. Further, our current or potential competitors may be acquired by third parties with greater available resources. As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than us to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or client requirements and may have the ability to initiate or withstand substantial price competition. In addition, current and potential competitors have established, and may in the future establish, cooperative relationships with vendors of complementary products, technologies or services to increase the availability of their services in the marketplace. Accordingly, new competitors or alliances may emerge that have greater market share, a larger client base, more widely adopted proprietary technologies, greater marketing expertise, greater financial resources or larger sales forces than ours, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage. Our competitors could also be better positioned to serve certain geographies or segments of the physical therapy market, which could create additional price and volume pressure. As we expand into new geographical areas, we may encounter competitors with stronger relationships or recognition in the community in such new areas, which could give those competitors an advantage in obtaining new patients or retaining existing ones.

We also compete for physical therapists and we experienced elevated levels of attrition during 2021, which has had and may continue to have adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations, as well as our ability to open new clinics. We have taken and are continuing to take actions to offset those changes, but the impact of attrition has impacted overall profitability through wage inflation, greater benefits, and increases in other employee costs, as well as required a higher use of contract labor in difficult to staff markets. These labor market dynamics and level of competition are likely to continue. The ultimate impact on our business and industry remains difficult to predict, but may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Moreover, we expect that competition will continue to increase as a result of consolidation in the healthcare industry. Many healthcare industry participants are consolidating to create integrated healthcare systems with greater market power, including, in some cases, integrating physical therapy services with their core medical practices. As provider networks and managed care organizations consolidate, thus decreasing the number of market participants, competition to provide services like ours may become more intense, and the importance of establishing and maintaining relationships with key industry participants will become greater.

Rapid technological change in our industry presents us with significant risks and challenges.

The healthcare market is characterized by rapid technological change, changing consumer requirements, short product lifecycles and evolving industry standards. Our success will depend on our ability to enhance our brands with next-generation technologies and to develop, acquire and market new services to access new consumer populations. Moreover, we may not be successful in developing, using, selling or maintaining new technologies effectively or adapting solutions to evolving client requirements or emerging industry standards, and, as a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In addition, we have limited insight into trends that might develop and later affect our business, and which could lead to errors in our analysis of available data or in predicting and reacting to relevant business, legal and regulatory trends and healthcare reform. Further, there can be no assurance that technological advances by one or more of our current or future competitors will not result in our present or future solutions and services becoming uncompetitive or obsolete. If any of these events occur, it could harm our business.

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Inability to maintain high levels of service and patient satisfaction could adversely affect our business.

Failure to retain and attract sufficient numbers of qualified personnel could strain our human resources department and impede our growth or result in ineffective growth. In addition, if demand for our services increases, we need to increase our patient services and other personnel, as well as our network of partners, to provide personalized patient service. If we are not able to continue to provide high quality physical therapy services with high levels of patient satisfaction, our reputation, as well as our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our current locations may become unattractive, and attractive new locations may not be available for a reasonable price, if at all, which could adversely affect our business.

The success of any of our clinics depends in substantial part on their locations. There can be no assurance that the current locations will continue to be attractive as demographic patterns and trade areas change. For example, neighborhood or economic conditions where our clinics are located could decline in the future, thus resulting in potentially reduced patient visits. In addition, rising real estate prices in some areas may restrict our ability to lease new desirable locations or increase the cost of operating in such locations. If desirable locations cannot be obtained at reasonable prices, our ability to execute our growth strategies could be adversely affected, and we may be impacted by declines in patient visits as a result of the deterioration of certain locations, each of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We may incur closure costs and losses.

The competitive, economic or reimbursement conditions in the markets in which we operate may require us to reorganize or close certain clinics. Additionally, there is no guarantee that we will not have to close clinics in the future as a result of COVID-19 or its variants, execute measures designed to reduce the spread of COVID-19, or experience clinical staffing challenges, whether related to COVID-19 or labor market dynamics. Any clinic closures, reorganization or related business disruptions may have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations. In fiscal year 2021, we closed 23 clinics, compared to fiscal year 2020, during which we closed 20 clinics. In the event a clinic is reorganized or closed, we may incur losses and closure costs, including, but not limited to, lease obligations, severance and write-down or write-off of goodwill, intangible assets or other assets.

Our ability to generate revenue is highly sensitive to the strength of the economies in which we operate and the demographics and populations of the local communities that we serve.

Our revenues depend upon a number of factors, including, among others, the size and demographic characteristics of local populations and the economic condition of the communities that our locations serve. In the case of an economic downturn in a market, the utilization of physical therapy services by the local population of such market, and our resulting revenues and profitability in that market, could be adversely affected. Our revenues could also be affected by negative trends in the general economy that affect consumer spending. Furthermore, significant demographic changes in, or significant outmigration from, the neighborhoods where our clinics are located could reduce the demand for our services, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The size and expected growth of our addressable market has not been established with precision and may be smaller than estimated.

Our estimates of the addressable market are based on a number of internal and third-party estimates and assumptions. While we believe our assumptions and the data underlying our estimates are reasonable, these assumptions and estimates may not be correct. Accordingly, the statements in this prospectus relating to expected growth in the market for physical therapy services may prove to be inaccurate, and the actual size of our total addressable market and resulting growth rates may be materially lower than expected.

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Risks Relating to our Operations

We depend upon the cultivation and maintenance of relationships with the physicians and other referral sources in our markets.

Our success is partially dependent upon referrals from physicians in the communities our clinics serve and our ability to maintain good relationships with these physicians and other referral sources. Physicians referring patients to our clinics are free to refer their patients to other therapy providers or to their own physician owned therapy practices. If we are unable to successfully cultivate and maintain strong relationships with such physicians and other referral sources (including as a result of negative publicity (whether true or not)), our business may be negatively impacted and our net operating revenues may decline. In addition, our relationships with referral sources are subject to extensive laws and regulations, and if those relationships with referral sources are found to be in violation of those requirements, we may be subject to significant civil, criminal and/or administrative penalties, exclusion from participation in government programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and/or reputational harm.

We operate our business in regions subject to natural disasters and other catastrophic events, and any disruption to our business resulting from such natural disasters or climate change would adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

We operate our business in regions subject to severe weather and natural disasters, including hurricanes, floods, fires, earthquakes and other catastrophic events. For example, in February 2021, the state of Texas experienced unprecedented cold weather, resulting in power outages across the state. Nearly all of our clinics in Texas were impacted by the weather, with all clinics closing for at least one day. Any natural disaster or impacts from climate change could adversely affect our ability to conduct business and provide services to our customers, and the insurance we maintain may not be adequate to cover losses resulting from any business interruption resulting from a natural disaster or other catastrophic event.

Future acquisitions may use significant resources, may be unsuccessful and could expose us to unforeseen liabilities.

We have historically acquired outpatient physical therapy clinics and it is an important part of our long-term growth strategy. Failure to successfully identify and complete acquisitions would likely result in slower growth. Even if we are able to identify appropriate acquisition targets, we may not be able to execute transactions on favorable terms or integrate targets in a manner that allows us to fully realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions. Acquisitions may involve significant cash expenditures, potential debt incurrence and operational losses, dilutive issuances of equity securities and expenses that could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Acquisitions also involve numerous risks, including:

Failure of our third-party customer service and technical support providers to adequately address customers’ requests could harm our business and adversely affect our financial results.

Our customers rely on our customer service support organization to resolve issues with our services. We outsource a portion of our customer service and technical support activities to third-party service providers. We

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depend on these third-party customer service and technical support representatives working on our behalf, and expect to continue to rely on third parties in the future. This strategy presents risks to the business due to the fact that we may not be able to influence the quality of support as directly as we would be able to do if our own employees performed these activities. Our customers may react negatively to providing information to, and receiving support from, third-party organizations, especially if these third-party organizations are based overseas. If we encounter problems with our third-party customer service and technical support providers, our reputation may be harmed, our ability to sell our services could be adversely affected, and we could lose customers and associated revenue.

Our systems infrastructure may not adequately support our operations.

We believe our future success will depend in large part on establishing an efficient and productive information technology (“IT”) systems infrastructure that is able to provide operational intelligence and support our platform. Our systems infrastructure is designed to address interoperability challenges across the healthcare continuum and any failure of our systems infrastructure to identify efficiencies or productivity may impact the execution of our strategies and have a significant impact on business and operating results. Our inability to continue improving our clinical systems and data infrastructure could impact our ability to perform and continue improving outcomes for patients.

Failure by us to maintain financial controls and processes over billing and collections or disputes with third- parties could have a significant negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

The collection of accounts receivable requires constant focus and involvement by management, as well as ongoing enhancements of information systems and billing center operating procedures. There can be no assurance that we will be able to improve upon or maintain our current levels of collectability and days sales outstanding in future periods. Further, some of our patients or payors may experience financial difficulties, or may otherwise fail to pay accounts receivable when due, resulting in increased write-offs. If we are unable to properly bill and collect our accounts receivable, our financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected. In addition, from time to time we are involved in disputes with various parties, including our payors and their intermediaries regarding their performance of various contractual or regulatory obligations. These disputes sometimes lead to legal and other proceedings and cause us to incur costs or experience delays in collections, increases in our accounts receivable or loss of revenue. In addition, in the event such disputes are not resolved in our favor or cause us to terminate our relationships with such parties, there may be an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Legal and Regulatory Risks Relating to Our Business

Our operations are subject to extensive regulation.

Our operations are subject to extensive federal, state and local government laws and regulations, such as:

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In recent years, there have been heightened coordinated civil and criminal enforcement efforts by both federal and state government agencies relating to the healthcare industry, and physical therapy providers, in particular, have been subject to increased enforcement. We believe we are in substantial compliance with all laws, but differing interpretations or enforcement of these laws and regulations could subject our current practices to allegations of impropriety or illegality or could require us to make changes in our methods of operations, facilities, equipment, personnel, services and capital expenditure programs and increase our operating expenses. If we fail to comply with these extensive laws and government regulations, we could become ineligible to receive government program reimbursement, suffer civil or criminal penalties or be required to make significant changes to our operations. In addition, we could be forced to expend considerable resources responding to an investigation or other enforcement action under these laws or regulations.

In conducting our business, we are required to comply with applicable state laws regarding fee-splitting and professional corporation laws.

The laws of some states restrict or prohibit the “corporate practice of medicine,” meaning business corporations cannot provide medical services through the direct employment of medical providers, or by exercising control over medical decisions by medical providers. In some states, such restrictions explicitly apply to physical therapy services; in others, those restrictions have been interpreted to apply to physical therapy services or are not fully developed.

Specific restrictions with respect to enforcement of the corporate practice of medicine or physical therapy vary from state to state and certain states in which we operate may present higher risk than others. Each state has its own professional entity laws and unique requirements for entities that provide professional services. Further, states impose varying requirements on the licenses that the shareholders, directors, officers, and professional employees of professional corporations must possess.

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Many states also have laws that prohibit non-physical therapy entities, individuals or providers from sharing in or splitting professional fees for patient care (“fee-splitting”). Generally, these laws restrict business arrangements that involve a physical therapist sharing professional fees with a referral source, but in some states, these laws have been interpreted to extend to management agreements between physical therapists and business entities under some circumstances.

Such laws and regulations vary from state to state and are enforced by governmental, judicial, law enforcement or regulatory authorities with broad discretion. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that our interpretation of certain laws and regulations is correct with respect to how we have structured our operations, service agreements and other arrangements with physical therapists in the states in which we operate.

The enforcement environment in any state in which we operate could also change, leading to increased enforcement of existing laws and regulations. If a court or governing body determines that we, or the physical therapists whom we support, have violated any of the fee-splitting laws or regulations, or if new fee-splitting laws or regulations are enacted, we or the physical therapists whom we support could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, our contracts could be found legally invalid and unenforceable (in whole or in part), or we could be required to restructure our contractual arrangements with our licensed providers of physical therapy (which may not be completed on a timely basis, if at all, and may result in terms materially less favorable to us), all of which may have a material adverse effect on our business.

We face inspections, reviews, audits and investigations under federal and state government programs and payor contracts. These audits could have adverse findings that may negatively affect our business, including our results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and reputation.

As a result of our participation in the Medicare and Medicaid programs, we are subject to various governmental inspections, reviews, audits, subpoenas and investigations to verify our compliance with these programs and applicable laws and regulations. Payors may also reserve the right to conduct audits. We also periodically conduct reviews of our regulatory compliance. While our facilities intend to comply with the federal requirements for properly billing, coding and documenting claims for reimbursement, there can be no assurance that these audits will determine that all applicable requirements are fully met at the facilities that are reviewed. An adverse inspection, review, audit or investigation could result in:

We are currently, have in the past been, and will likely in the future be, subject to various external governmental investigations, subpoenas, audits and reviews. Certain adverse governmental investigations, subpoenas, audits and reviews may require us to refund amounts we have been paid and/or pay fines and penalties as a result of these inspections, reviews, audits and investigations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. Furthermore, the legal, document production and other costs associated with complying with these inspections, reviews, subpoenas, audits or investigations could be significant.

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Our facilities are subject to extensive federal and state laws and regulations relating to the privacy of individually identifiable information.

HIPAA required the Health and Human Services Department to adopt standards to protect the privacy and security of individually identifiable health-related information. The privacy regulations extensively regulate the use and disclosure of individually identifiable health-related information. The regulations also provide patients with significant rights related to understanding and controlling how their health information is used or disclosed. The security regulations require healthcare providers to implement administrative, physical and technical practices to protect the security of individually identifiable health information that is maintained or transmitted electronically. The Health Information Technology for Electronic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”), which was signed into law in 2009, enhanced the privacy, security and enforcement provisions of HIPAA by, among other things establishing security breach notification requirements, allowing enforcement of HIPAA by state attorneys general and increasing penalties for HIPAA violations. Violations of HIPAA or HITECH could result in civil or criminal penalties.

In addition to HIPAA, there are numerous federal and state laws and regulations addressing patient and consumer privacy concerns, including unauthorized access or theft of personal information. State statutes and regulations vary from state to state. Lawsuits, including class actions and actions by state attorneys general, directed at companies that have experienced a privacy or security breach also can occur.

We have established policies and procedures in an effort to ensure compliance with these privacy related requirements. However, if there is a breach of these privacy related requirements, we may be subject to various penalties and damages and may be required to incur costs to mitigate the impact of the breach on affected individuals.

Our business may be adversely impacted by healthcare reform efforts, including repeal of or significant modifications to the ACA.

In recent years, Congress and certain state legislatures have considered and passed a number of laws that are intended to result in significant changes to the healthcare industry. However, there is significant uncertainty regarding the future of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”), the most prominent of these reform efforts. The law has been subject to legislative and regulatory changes and court challenges, and the prior presidential administration and certain members of Congress have stated their intent to repeal or make additional significant changes to the ACA, its implementation or its interpretation. In 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Acts was enacted, which, effective January 1, 2019, among other things, removed penalties for not complying with ACA’s individual mandate to carry health insurance. Because the penalty associated with the individual mandate was eliminated, a federal judge in Texas ruled in December 2018 that the entire ACA was unconstitutional. On December 18, 2019, the Fifth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals upheld the lower court’s finding that the individual mandate is unconstitutional and remanded the case back to the lower court to reconsider its earlier invalidation of the full ACA. On March 2, 2020, the United States Supreme Court (the “Supreme Court”) granted the petitions for writs of certiorari to review this case and on June 17, 2021, the Supreme Court dismissed this case without specifically ruling on the constitutionality of the ACA. These and other efforts to challenge, repeal or replace the ACA may result in reduced funding for state Medicaid programs, lower numbers of insured individuals, and reduced coverage for insured individuals. There is uncertainty regarding whether, when and how the ACA will be further changed or challenged, what alternative provisions, if any, will be enacted, and the impact of alternative provisions on providers and other healthcare industry participants. Government efforts to repeal or change the ACA or to implement alternative reform measures could cause our revenues to decrease to the extent such legislation reduces Medicaid and/or Medicare reimbursement rates.

Our failure to comply with labor and employment laws could result in monetary fines and penalties.

Worker health and safety (OSHA and similar state and local agencies); family medical leave (the Family Medical Leave Act), wage and hour laws and regulations, equal employment opportunity and non-discrimination

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requirements, among other laws and regulations relating to employment, apply to us. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could result in the imposition of consent orders or civil and criminal penalties, including fines, which could damage our reputation and have an adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. The regulatory framework for privacy issues is rapidly evolving and future enactment of more restrictive laws, rules or regulations and/or future enforcement actions or investigations could have a materially adverse impact on us through increased costs or restrictions on our business, and noncompliance could result in regulatory penalties and significant legal liability.

There is an inherent risk of liability in the provision of healthcare services; damage to our reputation or our failure to adequately insure against losses, including from substantial claims and litigation, could have an adverse impact on our operations, financial condition or prospects.

There is an inherent risk of liability in the provision of healthcare services. As a participant in the healthcare industry, we are and expect to be, periodically subject to lawsuits, some of which may involve large claims and significant costs to defend. In such cases, coverage under our insurance programs may not be adequate to protect us. Our insurance policies are subject to annual renewal and our insurance premiums could be subject to material increases in the future. We cannot ensure that we will be able to maintain our insurance on acceptable terms in the future, or at all. A successful claim in excess of, or not covered by, our insurance policies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, capital resources and liquidity. Even where our insurance is adequate to cover claims against us, damage to our reputation in the event of a judgment against us, or continued increases in our insurance costs, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, capital resources, liquidity, or prospects.

We may be subject to claims, lawsuits, and investigations or other actions, which could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

From time to time, we are party to legal proceedings, governmental audits and investigations that arise in the ordinary course of business. We are also subject to actual and potential claims, lawsuits and investigations outside of the ordinary course of business. Refer to Note 18—Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for examples of claims to which are subject.

Such claims, legal proceedings, governmental audits and investigations may involve large claims and significant costs to defend. In such cases, coverage under our insurance programs would not be adequate to protect us. Additionally, our insurance policies are subject to annual renewal and our insurance premiums could be subject to material increases in the future. We cannot ensure that we will be able to maintain our insurance on acceptable terms in the future, or at all. A successful claim in excess of, or not covered by, our insurance policies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, capital resources and liquidity. Even where our insurance is adequate to cover claims against us, damage to our reputation in the event of a judgment against us, or continued increases in our insurance costs, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, capital resources, liquidity, or prospects.

Risks Relating to Our Human Resources

Our facilities face competition for experienced physical therapists and other clinical providers that may increase labor costs and reduce profitability.

Our ability to retain and attract clinical talent is critical to our ability to provide high quality care to patients and successfully cultivate and maintain strong relationships in the communities we serve. If we cannot recruit and retain our base of experienced and clinically skilled therapists and other clinical providers, management and support personnel, our business may decrease and our revenues may decline and/or operating margins may

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decrease as a result of higher use of contract labor in difficult to staff markets. We compete with other healthcare providers in recruiting and retaining qualified management, physical therapists and other clinical staff and support personnel responsible for the daily operations of our business, financial condition and results of operations. We have recently experienced an accelerated rate of attrition, which has had and may continue to have adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations, as well as our ability to open new clinics.

As we implement actions to reduce attrition and increase hiring of physical therapists, we expect to experience increases in our labor costs, primarily due to higher wages and greater benefits required to retain and attract qualified healthcare personnel, and such increases may adversely affect our profitability. Furthermore, while we attempt to manage overall labor costs in the most efficient way, our efforts to manage them may have limited effectiveness and may lead to increased turnover and other challenges.

We face licensing and credentialing barriers, and associated variability across states is a risk to timely delivery of productive talent.

The scope of licensing laws differs from state to state, and the application of such laws to the activities of physical therapists and other clinical providers is often unclear. Given the nature and scope of the solutions and services that we provide, we are required to maintain physical therapy licenses and registrations for us and our providers in certain jurisdictions and to ensure that such licenses and registrations are in good standing. These licenses require us and our providers to comply with the rules and regulations of the governmental bodies that issued such licenses. Our providers’ are also required to be credentialed with payors prior to providing services to health plan patients, and completion of the credentialing process, if delayed, may delay our ability to provide services to health plan patients. Our providers’ failure to comply with such rules and regulations could result in significant administrative penalties or the suspension of a license or the loss of a license, as well as credentialing delays, all of which could negatively impact our business.

Risks Relating to Our Information Technology

We rely on information technology in critical areas of our operations, and a disruption relating to such technology could harm our financial condition.

We rely on IT systems in critical areas of our operations, including our electronic medical records system and systems supporting revenue cycle management, and financial and operational reporting, among others. We have legacy IT systems that IT is continuing to upgrade and modernize. If one of these systems were to fail or cause operational or reporting interruptions, or if we decide to change these systems or hire outside parties to provide these systems, we may suffer disruptions, which could have a material adverse effect on our operation, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, we may underestimate the costs, complexity and time required to develop and implement new systems.

We use software vendors and network and cloud providers in our business and if they cannot deliver or perform as expected or if our relationships with them are terminated or otherwise change, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to provide our services and support our operations requires that we work with certain third-party providers, including software vendors and network and cloud providers, and depends on such third parties meeting our expectations in timeliness, quality, quantity and economics. Our third-party suppliers may be unable to meet such expectations due to a number of factors, including due to factors attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. We might incur significant additional liabilities if the services provided by these third parties do not meet our expectations, if they terminate or refuse to renew their relationships with us or if they were to offer their services on less advantageous terms. We rely on internally developed software applications and systems to conduct our critical operating and administrative functions. We also depend on our software vendors to provide

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long-term software maintenance support for our information systems. In addition, while there are backup systems in many of our operating facilities, we may experience an extended outage of network services supplied by these vendors or providers that could impair our ability to deliver our solutions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are a target of attempted cyber and other security threats and must continuously monitor and develop our IT networks and infrastructure to prevent, detect, address and mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses and other events that could have a security impact or which may cause a violation of HIPAA or HITECH and subject us to potential legal and reputational harm.

In the normal course of business, our IT systems hold sensitive patient information including patient demographic data, eligibility for various medical plans including Medicare and Medicaid and protected health information subject to HIPAA and HITECH. We also contract with third-party vendors to maintain and store our patients’ individually identifiable health information. Numerous state and federal laws and regulations address privacy and information security concerns resulting from our access to our patients’ and employees’ personal information. Additionally, we utilize those same systems to perform our day-to-day activities, such as receiving referrals, assigning clinicians to patients, documenting medical information and maintaining an accurate record of all transactions.

While we have not experienced any known attacks on our IT systems that have compromised patient data, our IT systems and those of our vendors that process, maintain and transmit such data are subject to computer viruses, cyber-attacks, including ransomware attacks, or breaches. We maintain our IT systems with safeguard protection against cyber-attacks including active intrusion protection, firewalls and virus detection software. We adhere to (and require our third-party vendors to adhere to) policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with HIPAA and HITECH regulations. We have developed and tested a response plan in the event of a successful attack and maintain commercial insurance related to a cyber-attack. However, these safeguards do not ensure that a significant cyber-attack could not occur. A successful attack on our or our third-party vendors’ IT systems could have significant consequences to the business, including liability for compromised patient information, business interruption, significant civil and criminal penalties, lawsuits, reputational harm and increased costs to us, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, insider or employee cyber and security threats are increasingly a concern for all large companies, including us. Our future results could be adversely affected due to the theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation or release of protected health information, other confidential data or proprietary business information, operational or business delays resulting from the disruption of IT systems and subsequent mitigation activities, or regulatory action taken as a result of such incidents. We provide our employees with training and regular reminders on important measures they can take to prevent breaches. We routinely identify attempts to gain unauthorized access to our systems. However, given the rapidly evolving nature and proliferation of cyber threats, there can be no assurance our training and network security measures or other controls will detect, prevent or remediate security or data breaches in a timely manner or otherwise prevent unauthorized access to, damage to, or interruption of our systems and operations. Accordingly, we may be vulnerable to losses associated with the improper functioning, security breach, or unavailability of our information systems, as well as any systems used in acquired company operations.

Risks Relating to Our Accounting and Financial Policies

We currently outsource, and from time to time in the future may outsource, a portion of our internal business functions to third-party providers. Outsourcing these functions has significant risks, and our failure to manage these risks successfully could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We currently, and from time to time in the future, may outsource portions of our internal business functions, including billing and administrative functions relating to revenue cycle management, to third-party providers.

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These third-party providers may not comply on a timely basis with all of our requirements, or may not provide us with an acceptable level of service. In addition, reliance on third-party providers could have significant negative consequences, including significant disruptions in our operations and significantly increased costs to undertake such operations, either of which could damage our relationships with our customers. We could experience a reduction in revenue due to inability to collect from patients, overpayments, claim denials, recoupments or governmental and third-party audits all of which may impact our profitability and cash flow.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates and judgments used in preparing financial statements include those related to the determination of the revenue transaction price for current transactions and estimation of expected collections on our accounts receivable, assumptions and estimates related to realizability of deferred tax assets, assumptions and estimates related to the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, among others. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors.

The IPO Warrants are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of the IPO Warrants could have a material effect on our financial results.

We account for our outstanding Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants assumed as part of the Business Combination in accordance with the guidance contained in Accounting Standards Codification 815-40, “Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts on an Entity’s Own Equity” (“ASC 815-40”). As such, the IPO Warrants are accounted for as derivative liabilities and are subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date. Changes in fair value are reported in earnings as a non-cash gain or loss in our consolidated statements of operations.

As a result of the recurring fair value measurement, our financial statements and results of operations may materially fluctuate quarterly, based on factors which are outside of our control. Due to the recurring fair value measurement, we expect to recognize non-cash gains or losses on the IPO Warrants each reporting period and the amount of such gains or losses could be material and variable.

The Earnout Shares and Vesting Shares are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of these shares could have a material effect on our financial results.

We account for the potential Earnout Shares and the Vesting Shares as liabilities in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” and ASC 815-40, which provide for the remeasurement of the fair value of such shares at each balance sheet date and changes in fair value are recognized in our statements of operations. As a result of the recurring fair value measurement, our financial statements and results of operations may materially fluctuate quarterly, based on factors which are outside of our control. Due to the recurring fair value measurement, we expect to recognize non-cash gains or losses each reporting period and the amount of such gains or losses could be material and variable.

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In light of our recent reductions in our forecast, we were required to recognize an impairment of our goodwill and other intangible assets as of each June 30, 2021 and September 30, 2021, which represent a significant portion of our total assets. Any further impairment charges may be material and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

As of December 31, 2021, we had $608.8 million of goodwill and $411.7 million of trade name and other intangible assets recorded on our balance sheet. We test such assets for impairment at least annually on the first day of the fourth quarter of each year or on an interim basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Impairment may result from, among other things, increased attrition, adverse market conditions, adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes that affect the services we offer, lower visit volumes, lower revenue reimbursement rates, compressed operating margins and a variety of other factors. The amount of any quantified impairment must be expensed immediately as a charge to results of operations. Depending on future circumstances, it is possible that we may never realize the full value of our intangible assets. Refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note 5—Goodwill, Trade Name and Other Intangible Assets to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further discussion of our goodwill and intangible assets.

The Company determined that revisions to the 2021 forecast constituted interim triggering events requiring further analysis with respect to potential impairments to goodwill and trade name intangible assets. Accordingly, we performed interim quantitative impairment testing as of June 30, 2021 and September 30, 2021, and, as a result thereof, we recorded non-cash impairment charges in the line item goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges of $453.3 million and $509.0 million in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations during the periods ended June 30, 2021 and September 30, 2021, respectively. Further impairments of all or part of our goodwill or other identifiable assets may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions, estimates and market factors. Estimating the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible assets requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans, as well as industry, economic and regulatory conditions. These assumptions and estimates include projected future revenue growth rates, EBITDA (as defined below) margins, terminal growth rates, discount rates, relevant market multiples, royalty rates and other market factors. If current expectations of future growth rates, margins and cash flows are not met, or if market factors outside of our control change significantly, then our reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible assets might become impaired in the future, negatively impacting our operating results and financial position. As the carrying amounts of the Company’s goodwill and trade name indefinite-lived intangible asset were impaired during 2021, those amounts are more susceptible to an impairment risk if there are unfavorable changes in assumptions and estimates. To the extent that business conditions deteriorate further, or if changes in key assumptions and estimates differ significantly from management’s expectations, it may be necessary to record additional impairment charges in the future. The Company is currently evaluating an interim triggering event identified during the quarter-ended March 31, 2022 as a result of factors including potential changes in discount rates and the recent drop in share price that we anticipate is likely result in further impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets.

If we are unable to remediate the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting related to income taxes, or if we identify additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, this may result in material misstatements of our consolidated financial statements or failure to meet its periodic reporting obligations.

Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

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In connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, material weaknesses related to the income tax provision were identified in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. We did not design and maintain an effective control environment commensurate with our financial reporting requirements as we did not maintain a sufficient complement of tax personnel with the appropriate mix of competent resources and financial reporting experience. Additionally, we did not design and maintain effective controls related to the income tax provision, including controls related to valuation allowances associated with the realizability of deferred tax assets.

Our management team, under the oversight of the Audit Committee, is in the process of developing a remediation plan to remediate the material weaknesses which is expected to include the following measures:

The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the management team completes the remediation plan above and the enhanced controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that the related controls are effective. We will monitor the effectiveness of its remediation plan and will refine its remediation plan as appropriate.

If we identify any new material weaknesses in the future, any such newly identified material weaknesses could limit our ability to prevent or detect a misstatement of our accounts or disclosures that could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements. In such case, we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to applicable stock exchange listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and our stock price may decline as a result. We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, or any measures we may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate our material weaknesses related to income taxes or to avoid potential additional future material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting.

Risks Relating to Our Liquidity

We have outstanding indebtedness and may incur additional debt in the future.

We have outstanding indebtedness and our ability to incur additional indebtedness is subject to and potentially restricted by the terms of any such indebtedness or future indebtedness. Our indebtedness could have detrimental consequences on our ability to obtain additional financing as needed for working capital, acquisition costs, other capital expenditures or general corporate purposes. We cannot be certain that cash flow from operations will be sufficient to allow us to pay principal and interest on the debt, support operations and meet other obligations. If we do not have the resources to meet our obligations, we may be required to refinance all or part of our outstanding debt, sell assets or borrow more money. We may not be able to do so on acceptable terms, in a timely manner, or at all. If we are unable to refinance our debt on acceptable terms, we may be forced to dispose of our assets on disadvantageous terms, potentially resulting in losses. Defaults under our debt agreements could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, liquidity, financial condition or results of operations.

Our outstanding indebtedness and our Series A Preferred Stock contains covenants that may limit certain operating and financial decisions. Non-compliance with these covenants may result in the acceleration of our indebtedness which could lead to bankruptcy, reorganization or insolvency.

Our credit agreements contain restrictive and financial covenants and the Certificate of Designation for our Series A Preferred Stock contains provisions that impose significant operating and financial restrictions that may limit our ability to take actions that may be in our long-term best interest, including, but not limited to,

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limitations on indebtedness, liens, investments, negative pledges, dividends, junior debt payments, fundamental changes and asset sales and affiliate transactions. Failure to comply with these covenants and restrictions could result in an event of default, subject to customary cure periods. The financial covenants also require us to maintain a secured net leverage ratio, which we may be unable to meet.

In addition, the Certificate of Designation for our Series A Preferred Stock contains provisions that may likewise impose significant operating and financial restrictions on our business. If an Event of Noncompliance (as defined in the Certificate of Designation), then the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock (but excluding any shares of Series A Preferred Stock then held by Advent International Corporation or its controlled affiliates) (the “Majority Holders”) have the right to demand that the Company engage in a sale/refinancing process for the Series A Preferred Stock.

Failure to comply with our debt agreements or our Series A Preferred Stock could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, liquidity, financial condition or result of operation, and could result in the acceleration of some or all of our indebtedness, which could lead to bankruptcy, reorganization or insolvency.

We may be unable to generate sufficient cash and may be required to take other actions, which may not be successful, to satisfy our obligations.

To the extent our operating cash flows, together with our cash on hand, become insufficient to cover our liquidity and capital requirements, including funds for any future acquisitions and other corporate transactions, we may be required to seek third-party financing. There can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain any required financing on a timely basis or at all. Further, lenders and other financial institutions could require us to agree to more restrictive covenants, grant liens on our assets as collateral and/or accept other terms that are not commercially beneficial to us in order to obtain financing. Such terms could further restrict our operations and exacerbate any impact on our results of operations and liquidity

Our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

We have incurred significant cumulative net taxable losses in the past. Our deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2021 include federal net operating losses, or NOLs, of $237.3 million and state NOLs of $577.3 million. Our unused NOLs generally carry forward to offset future taxable income, if any, until such unused losses expire, if subject to expiration. The earliest NOLs will expire by statute in 2022 for state NOLs, and in 2036 for federal NOLs. We may be unable to use these NOLs to offset income before such unused NOLs expire.

In addition, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change” (generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage-point cumulative change in the equity ownership of certain stockholders over a rolling three-year period) under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change NOL carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes to offset future taxable income or taxes may be limited. This limitation is based in part on the pre-change equity value of the corporation, with a lower equity value resulting in a lower and more severe limitation. We may experience an “ownership change” as a result of future changes in our stock ownership (including dispositions of our Common Stock by the Selling Securityholders), some of which changes may not be within our control. If we are unable to use NOL carryforwards before they expire or they become subject to limitation, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Our stock price may change significantly and you could lose all or part of your investment as a result.

The trading price of our Common Stock is volatile. You may not be able to resell your shares at an attractive price due to a number of factors such as those listed in “—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry” and the following:

These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our Common Stock is low.

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Because there are no current plans to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

We intend to retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and there are no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on shares of our Common Stock will be at the sole discretion of our Board. Our Board may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition and results of operations, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, implications on the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries to us and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant. In we have no direct operations and no significant assets other than our ownership of our subsidiaries from whom we will depend on for distributions, and whose ability to pay dividends may be limited by covenants of any future indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in our Common Stock unless you sell such our Common Stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they downgrade our stock or our sector, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Common Stock will rely in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We will not control these analysts. In addition, some financial analysts may have limited expertise with our model and operations. Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who do cover us downgrade our stock or industry, or the stock of any of our competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by us or our stockholders in the public market could cause the market price for our Common Stock to decline.

The sale of shares of Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of Common Stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that it deems appropriate.

The Common Stock reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans will become eligible for sale in the public market once those shares are issued, subject to provisions relating to various vesting agreements, lock-up agreements and, in some cases, limitations on volume and manner of sale applicable to affiliates under Rule 144, as applicable. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans is 19.0 million. The compensation committee of our Board may determine the exact number of shares to be reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans at its discretion. We have filed a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to our equity incentive plans and, accordingly, such shares are available for sale in the open market.

In the future, we may also issue our securities in connection with investments or acquisitions. The amount of shares of Common Stock issued in connection with an investment or acquisition could constitute a material portion of our then-outstanding shares of Common Stock. Any issuance of additional securities in connection with investments or acquisitions may result in additional dilution to ATI’s stockholders.

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We may redeem unexpired IPO Warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to the warrantholders, thereby making such warrantholders’ warrants worthless.

We have the ability to redeem outstanding IPO Warrants prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the last reported sales price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date we give notice of redemption. Redemption of the outstanding IPO Warrants could force warrantholders to (i) exercise the IPO Warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so, (ii) sell the IPO Warrants at the then-current market price when the warrantholder might otherwise wish to hold onto such IPO Warrants or (iii) accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding IPO Warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of the IPO Warrants. None of the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by us so long as they are held by their initial purchasers or their permitted transferees.

In addition, we may redeem the IPO Warrants after they become exercisable for a number of shares of Common Stock determined based on the redemption date and the fair market value of our Common Stock. Any such redemption may have similar consequences to a cash redemption described above. See “Description of Securities–Warrants–Public Stockholders’ Warrants”.

Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents could delay or prevent a change of control.

Certain provisions of our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws may have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a merger, acquisition, tender offer, takeover attempt or other change of control transaction deemed undesirable by our Board that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders.

These provisions provide for, among other things:

These anti-takeover provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if the third party’s offer may be considered beneficial by many of our stockholders. As a result, our stockholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions you desire. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), which generally

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prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder.

Our Amended and Restated Bylaws designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or stockholders.

Our Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that, subject to limited exceptions, any (i) derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, stockholder or employee to us or our stockholders, (iii) action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or our Amended and Restated Bylaws or (iv) action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be exclusively brought in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, another state or federal court located within the State of Delaware. Our Amended and Restated Bylaws also provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of the Amended and Restated Bylaws described above. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees. This exclusive forum provision does not apply to claims under the Exchange Act but does apply to other state and federal law claims including actions arising under the Securities Act. Section 22 of the Securities Act, however, creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such a forum selection provision as written in connection with claims arising under the Securities Act, and investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. If a court were to find these provisions of our Amended and Restated Bylaws inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

As a “controlled company” within the meaning of NYSE listing standards, we qualify for exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. We have the opportunity to elect any of the exemptions afforded a controlled company.

Because Advent International Corporation (“Advent”) controls more than a majority of our total voting power, we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of NYSE Listing Standards. Under NYSE rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by another person or group of persons acting together is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with the following NYSE rules regarding corporate governance:

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Advent has significant influence over us.

As of March 6, 2022, Advent beneficially owns approximately 56.1% of our Common Stock. As long as Advent owns or controls a significant percentage of our outstanding voting power, it will have the ability to significantly influence all corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors and the size of our Board, any amendment to our certificate of incorporation or bylaws, or the approval of any merger or other significant corporate transaction, including a sale of substantially all of our assets. Advent’s influence over our management could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control or otherwise discouraging a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of us, which could cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline or prevent stockholders from realizing a premium over the market price for our Common Stock.

Advent’s interests may not align with our interests as a company or the interests of our other stockholders. Accordingly, Advent could cause us to enter into transactions or agreements of which other stockholders would not approve or make decisions with which other stockholders would disagree. Further, Advent is in the business of making investments in companies and may acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. Advent may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. In recognition that partners, members, directors, employees, stockholders, agents and successors of Advent and its successors and affiliates and any of their respective managed investment funds and portfolio companies may serve as our directors or officers, the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides, among other things, that none of Advent or any partners, members, directors, employees, stockholders, agents or successors of Advent and its successors and affiliates and any of their respective managed investment funds and portfolio companies has any duty to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business that we do (except as otherwise expressly provided in any agreement entered into between us and such exempted person). In the event that any of these persons or entities acquires knowledge of a potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for itself and us, we will not have any expectancy in such corporate opportunity, and these persons and entities will not have any duty to communicate or offer such corporate opportunity to us and may pursue or acquire such corporate opportunity for themselves or direct such opportunity to another person. These potential conflicts of interest could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations if, among other things, attractive corporate opportunities are allocated by Advent to themselves or their other affiliates.

There is currently no market for our Series I Warrants and Series II Warrants and a market for our Series I Warrants and Series II Warrants may not develop, which would adversely affect the liquidity and price of our Series I Warrants and Series II Warrants.

Our Series I Warrants and Series II Warrants are not listed or traded on any stock exchange and there is currently no market for our Series I Warrants and Series II Warrants. Warrantholders therefore have no access to trading price or volume information about prior market history on which to base their investment decision. Furthermore, an active trading market for our Series I Warrants and Series II Warrants may never develop or, if developed, it may not be sustained. You may be unable to sell your Series I Warrants and Series II Warrants unless a market can be established and sustained.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and we will not receive any proceeds from the sale of securities by the Selling Securityholders, although we could receive up to approximately $15,679,638 assuming the exercise of all of the outstanding Warrants for cash. Any amounts we receive from such exercises will be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The holders of the Warrants are not obligated to exercise such Warrants and we cannot assure you that the holders of the Warrants will choose to exercise any or all of such Warrants.

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DETERMINATION OF OFFERING PRICE

The offering price of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants offered hereby is determined by reference to the exercise price of such Warrants, subject to adjustment as described herein. We cannot currently determine the price or prices at which shares of our Common Stock or Warrants may be sold by the Selling Securityholders under this prospectus.

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MARKET INFORMATION FOR SECURITIES AND DIVIDEND POLICY

Market Information

Our Common Stock and Public Warrants are currently listed on the NYSE under the symbols “ATIP” and “ATIP WS,” respectively. Our Series I Warrants and Series II Warrants are not listed or traded on any stock exchange. There is no market for our Series I Warrants and Series II Warrants and a market for our Series I Warrants and Series II Warrants may not develop. As of April 5, 2022, there were 207,386,007 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding held of record by 260 holders, and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 21,365,058 shares of Common Stock outstanding held of record by 20 holders.

Dividends

We have not paid any cash dividends on our Common Stock to date. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operations of our business and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, and will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends may be limited by covenants of any existing and future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

Refer to Note 10—Share-Based Compensation to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for information regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans.

Stock Performance Graph

The following graph compares the cumulative total return to stockholders from the closing price on June 17, 2021 (the date our Common Stock began trading on the NYSE following the Business Combination) through December 31, 2021, relative to the performance of the NYSE Composite Index and the NYSE Health Care Index. The stock performance graph assumes $100 was invested in our Common Stock and the common stock of each of the companies listed on the NYSE Composite Index and the NYSE Health Care Index on June 17, 2021, and that any dividends were reinvested.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis provides information which the Company’s management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of its consolidated results of operations and financial condition. The discussion should be read in conjunction the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

We make statements in this discussion that are forward-looking and involve risks and uncertainties. These statements contain forward-looking information relating to the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of the Company. The forward-looking statements are based on our current views and assumptions, and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements due to factors including, but not limited to, those discussed under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.”

Many factors are beyond our control. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this prospectus. Except as required by law, we are under no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, regardless of the reason the statement may no longer be accurate.

Certain amounts in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis may not add due to rounding. All percentages have been calculated using unrounded amounts for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

All dollar amounts are presented in thousands, unless indicated otherwise.

Overview

We are a nationally recognized outpatient physical therapy provider in the United States specializing in outpatient rehabilitation and adjacent healthcare services, with 910 owned clinics (as well as 20 clinics under management service agreements) located in 25 states as of December 31, 2021. We operate with a commitment to providing our patients, medical provider partners, payors and employers with evidence-based, patient-centric care.

We offer a variety of services within our clinics, including physical therapy to treat spine, shoulder, knee and neck injuries or pain; work injury rehabilitation services, including work conditioning and work hardening; hand therapy; and other specialized treatment services. Our Company’s team of professionals is dedicated to helping return patients to optimal physical health.

Physical therapy patients receive team-based care, leading-edge techniques and individualized treatment plans in an encouraging environment. To achieve optimal results, we use an extensive array of techniques including therapeutic exercise, manual therapy and strength training, among others. Our physical therapy model aims to deliver optimized outcomes and time to recovery for patients, insights and service satisfaction for referring providers and predictable costs and measurable value for payors.

In addition to providing services to physical therapy patients at outpatient rehabilitation clinics, we provide services through our AWS program, MSA and Sports Medicine arrangements. AWS provides an on-site team of healthcare professionals at employer worksites to promote work-related injury prevention, facilitate expedient and appropriate return-to-work follow-up and maintain the health and well-being of the workforce. Our MSA arrangements typically include the Company providing management and physical therapy-related services to

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physician-owned physical therapy clinics. Sports Medicine arrangements provide certified healthcare professionals to various schools, universities and other institutions to perform on-site physical therapy and rehabilitation services.

The Business Combination

On the Closing Date, we consummated the previously announced Business Combination pursuant to the Merger Agreement, between Wilco and FAII, a special purpose acquisition company. In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, we changed our name from Fortress Value Acquisition Corp. II to ATI Physical Therapy, Inc. The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “ATIP.”

At the time of the Business Combination, stockholders of Wilco received 130.3 million shares of Common Stock, for the outstanding shares of Wilco common stock, par value $0.01 per share, that such stockholders owned. Immediately following the Business Combination, there were 207.3 million issued shares of Common Stock.

As part of the Business Combination, we received cash of $345.0 million from cash in trust with FAII and $300.0 million of cash from the PIPE investment, net of $89.9 million of cash used for redemptions and Wilco and FAII transaction costs. The funds received by the Company were used for full repayment of the second lien term loan of $231.3 million, partial repayment of the first lien term loan of $216.7 million, cash payment to Wilco preferred stockholders of $59.0 million and Wilco transaction costs. Refer to Note 3—Business Combinations and Divestiture to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further details.

We had outstanding Public Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 6.9 million shares of Common Stock and outstanding Private Placement Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3.0 million shares of Common Stock immediately following the closing of the Business Combination. Refer to Note 13—Warrant Liability to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further details.

In addition, certain stockholders may receive up to 15.0 million Earnout Shares and 8.6 million Vesting Shares if the price of Common Stock trading on the NYSE exceeds certain thresholds during the ten-year period following the completion of the Business Combination. Refer to Note 14—Contingent Common Shares Liability to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further details.

Home Health divestiture

On August 25, 2021, we entered into an agreement to divest our Home Health service line. On October 1, 2021, the transaction closed with a sale price of $7.3 million, and we recognized a gain of $5.8 million in other expense (income), net in our consolidated statement of operations. The major classes of assets and liabilities associated with the Home Health service line consisted of predominantly accounts receivable, accrued expenses and other liabilities which were not material.

2021 acquisitions

During the fourth quarter of 2021, we completed 3 acquisitions consisting of 7 total clinics. We paid approximately $4.5 million in cash and $1.4 million in future payment consideration, subject to certain time or performance conditions set out in the purchase agreements, to complete the acquisitions.

Recent changes in company CEO and CHRO leadership

Effective July 23, 2021, Cedric Coco, Chief Human Resources Officer (“CHRO”), resigned from the Company. The Company and Mr. Coco entered into a mutual release pursuant to which Mr. Coco is eligible for the payments and benefits in accordance with Mr. Coco’s employment agreement.

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Effective August 7, 2021, Labeed Diab stepped down from his positions as Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of the Company and as a member of the board of directors of the Company. The Company and Mr. Diab entered into a mutual release pursuant to which Mr. Diab is eligible for the payments and benefits in accordance with Mr. Diab’s employment agreement.

Effective August 9, 2021, John (Jack) Larsen was named Executive Chairman of the Company and has taken an active role in leading the Company. We are conducting a national search for a new Chief Executive Officer with the assistance of an executive search firm.

Trends and factors affecting the company’s future performance and comparability of results

As a result of developing trends in our business, our results for 2021 were significantly adversely affected as compared to our prior historical periods and prior expectations, including in respect of revenue, net (loss) income and Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below). These trends may continue to have adverse effects on us in future periods as well.

We believe that these adverse effects are attributable to a combination of factors, which include:

Our ability to achieve our business plan depends upon a number of factors, including the success of a number of continued steps being taken related to clinical staffing levels and increasing visit volumes.

We determined that the revision to our forecast in late July 2021, including the factors related to the revision of our forecast, constituted an interim triggering event that required further analysis with respect to potential impairment to goodwill, trade name indefinite-lived intangible and other assets. Accordingly, we performed interim quantitative impairment testing and determined that the fair value amounts were below the respective carrying amounts. As a result, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $419.4 million related to goodwill and $33.7 million related to the trade name indefinite-lived intangible asset as of the June 30, 2021 balance sheet date. These charges are non-cash in nature and do not affect our liquidity or debt covenants.

In October 2021, we reported a further revision to our forecast to reflect lower than expected patient visit volume. We determined that the factors related to the revision of our forecast that were present as of September 30, 2021 constituted an interim triggering event that required further analysis with respect to potential impairment to goodwill, trade name indefinite-lived intangible and other assets. Accordingly, we performed interim quantitative impairment testing and determined that the fair value amounts were below the respective carrying amounts. As a result, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $307.4 million related to goodwill and $200.6 million related to the trade name indefinite-lived intangible asset as of the September 30, 2021 balance sheet date. These charges are non-cash in nature and do not affect our liquidity or debt covenants. Refer

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to Note 5—Goodwill, Trade Name and Other Intangible Assets to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further details. Additionally, we are currently evaluating an interim triggering event identified during the quarter-ended March 31, 2022 as a result of factors including potential changes in discount rates and the recent drop in share price that we anticipate is likely to result in further impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets.

COVID-19 pandemic and volume impacts

The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States resulted in changes to our operating environment. We continue to closely monitor the impact of COVID-19 on all aspects of our business, and our priorities remain protecting the health and safety of employees and patients, maximizing the availability of services to satisfy patient needs, and improving the operational and financial stability of our business.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, visits per day (“VPD”) decreased to a low point of 12,643 during the quarter ended June 30, 2020. Since then, quarterly VPD was 18,159, 19,441, 19,520, 21,569, 20,674 and 20,649 in the quarters ended September 30, 2020, December 31, 2020, March 31, 2021, June 30, 2021, September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2021, respectively, as local restrictions in certain markets, referral levels and individual routines evolved compared to prior periods. During the fourth quarter of 2021, we observed volume softness caused, in part, by the recent increase in COVID-19 cases due to the outbreak of additional variants, which has continued to impact visit volumes in the beginning of 2022.

As demand for physical therapy services has increased in the market since its low-point during the quarter ended June 30, 2020, we have focused on increasing our clinical staffing levels by hiring clinicians and reducing levels of clinician attrition that have been elevated relative to historical levels. We have implemented a range of actions related to compensation, staffing levels, clinical and professional development and other initiatives in an effort to retain and attract therapists across our platform, which has increased our current and future expectations for labor costs. As we improve our staffing levels, we are working toward improving labor productivity as we onboard newly hired clinicians. In an effort to drive more volume and visits per day, in addition to integrating our new team members, we are working to strengthen relationships with our partner providers and other referral sources across our geographic footprint.

The chart below reflects the quarterly trend in VPD.

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The COVID-19 pandemic is still evolving and the full extent of its future impact remains unknown and difficult to predict. The future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the virus and its newly identified strains, effectiveness and adoption rates of vaccines and other therapeutic remedies, the potential for continued or reinstated restrictive policies enforced by federal, state and local governments, and the impact of the virus and vaccination requirements on our workforce, all of which create uncertainty and cannot be predicted. While we expect the disruption caused by COVID-19 and resulting impacts to diminish over time, we cannot predict the length of such impacts, and if such impacts continue for an extended period, it could have a continued effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, which could be material.

CARES Act

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law providing reimbursement, grants, waivers and other funds to assist health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have realized benefits under the CARES Act including, but not limited to, the following:

Market and industry trends and factors

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Key Components of Operating Results

Net patient revenue. Net patient revenues are recorded for physical therapy services that we provide to patients including physical therapy, work conditioning, hand therapy, aquatic therapy and functional capacity assessment. Net patient revenue is recognized based on contracted amounts with payors or other established rates, adjusted for the estimated effects of any variable consideration, such as contractual allowances and implicit price concessions. Visit volume is primarily driven by conversion of physician referrals and marketing efforts.

Other revenue. Other revenue consists of revenue generated by our AWS, MSA and Sports Medicine service lines.

Salaries and related costs. Salaries and related costs consist primarily of wages and benefits for our healthcare professionals engaged directly and indirectly in providing services to patients.

Rent, clinic supplies, contract labor and other. Comprised of non-salary, clinic related expenses consisting of rent, clinic supplies, contract labor and other costs including travel expenses and depreciation at our clinics.

Provision for doubtful accounts. Provision for doubtful accounts represents our estimate of accounts receivable recorded during the period that may ultimately prove uncollectible based upon several factors, including the age of outstanding receivables, the historical experience of collections, the impact of economic conditions and, in some cases, the specific customer account’s ability to pay.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of wages and benefits for corporate personnel, corporate outside services, marketing costs, depreciation of corporate

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fixed assets, amortization of intangible assets and certain corporate level professional fees, including those related to legal, accounting and payroll.

Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges. Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges represent non-cash charges associated with the write-down of both goodwill and trade name indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Change in fair value of warrant liability. Represents non-cash amounts related to the change in the estimated fair value of Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants.

Change in fair value of contingent common shares liability. Represents non-cash amounts related to the change in the estimated fair value of Earnout Shares and Vesting Shares.

Loss on settlement of redeemable preferred stock. Represents the loss on settlement of the redeemable preferred stock liability based on the value of cash and equity provided to preferred stockholders in relation to the outstanding redeemable preferred stock liability at the time of the closing of the Business Combination.

Interest expense, net. Interest expense includes the cost of borrowing under our credit facility and amortization of deferred financing costs.

Interest expense on redeemable preferred stock. Represents interest expense related to accruing dividends on the Company’s redeemable preferred stock based on contract terms.

Other expense (income). Other expense (income) is comprised of income statement activity not related to our core operations.

Key Business Metrics

When evaluating the results of operations, management has identified a number of metrics that allow for specific evaluation of performance on a more detailed basis. See “Results of Operations” for further discussion on financial statement metrics such as net operating revenue, net income, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.

Patient visits

As the main operations of the Company are driven by physical therapy services provided to patients, management considers total patient visits to be a key volume measure of such services. In addition to total patient visits, management analyzes (1) average VPD calculated as total patient visits divided by business days for the period, as this allows for comparability between time periods with an unequal number of business days, and (2) average VPD per clinic, calculated as average VPD divided by the average number of owned clinics open during the period.

Net patient revenue per visit

We calculate net patient revenue per visit, its most significant reimbursement metric, by dividing net patient revenue in a period by total patient visits in the same period.

Clinics

To better understand geographical and location-based trends, we evaluate metrics based on the 910 owned and 20 managed clinic locations as of December 31, 2021. De novo clinics represent organic new clinics opened during the current period based on sophisticated site selection analytics. Acqui-novo clinics represent an existing clinic, not previously owned by the Company, in a target geography that provides us with an immediate presence, available staff and referral relationships of the former owner within the surrounding areas. Same clinic revenue

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growth rate identifies revenue growth year over year on clinics that have been owned and operating for over one year. This metric is determined by isolating the population of clinics that have been open for at least 12 months and calculating the percentage change in revenue of this population between the current and prior period.

The following table presents selected operating and financial data that we believe are key indicators of our operating performance:

The following table provides a roll-forward of activity related to the number of clinics owned during the corresponding periods:

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Results of Operations

Year ended December 31, 2021 compared to year ended December 31, 2020

The following table summarizes our consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

Net patient revenue. Net patient revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $561.1 million compared to $529.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, an increase of $31.5 million or 5.9%.

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The increase in net patient revenue was primarily driven by increased visit volumes as a result of COVID-19 restrictions in local markets and referral levels evolving, partially offset by unfavorable net patient revenue per visit in the current period. Total patient visits increased by approximately 0.6 million visits, or 12.8%, driving an increase in average visits per day of 2,334, or 12.8%. Net patient revenue per visit decreased $6.82, or 6.0%, to $105.94 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease in net patient revenue per visit during the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily driven by unfavorable mix shifts related to payor classes, states and services.

The following chart reflects additional detail with respect to drivers of the change in net patient revenue (in millions):

Other revenue. Other revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $66.8 million compared to $62.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, an increase of $4.1 million or 6.6%. The increase in other revenue was primarily driven by higher volumes in the Sports Medicine service line as a result of the evolution of COVID-19 related restrictions, as well as higher volumes in the AWS service line as a result of the evolution of COVID-19 related restrictions and expanded offerings in new locations. This was partially offset by lower Home Health service line revenue as a result of its divestiture on October 1, 2021.

Salaries and related costs. Salaries and related costs for the year ended December 31, 2021 were $336.5 million compared to $306.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, an increase of $30.0 million or 9.8%. Salaries and related costs as a percentage of net operating revenue was 53.6% and 51.7% for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase of $30.0 million was primarily due to the higher level of wages and benefits as the Company increased its clinician and support staff labor supply as a result of higher visit volumes. The increase as a percentage of net operating revenue was primarily driven by higher compensation due to wage inflation for clinic labor during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Rent, clinic supplies, contract labor and other. Rent, clinic supplies, contract labor and other costs for the year ended December 31, 2021 were $180.9 million compared to $166.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, an increase of $14.8 million or 8.9%. Rent, clinic supplies, contract labor and other costs as a percentage of net operating revenue was 28.8% and 28.1% for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase of $14.8 million and increase as a percentage of net operating revenue was primarily driven by a higher clinic count and higher contract labor costs during the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Provision for doubtful accounts. Provision for doubtful accounts for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $16.4 million compared to $16.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, an increase of approximately $0.1 million or 0.9%. Provision for doubtful accounts for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 remained relatively consistent year over year.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021 were $111.8 million compared to $104.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, an increase of $7.5 million or 7.2%. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net operating revenue was 17.8% and 17.6% for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase of $7.5 million was primarily due to higher transaction costs, share-based compensation, public company operating costs and non-ordinary legal and regulatory costs, partially offset by lower business optimization, reorganization and severance costs during the year ended December 31, 2021. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net operating revenue was relatively consistent year over year.

Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges. Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $962.3 million. The amount relates to the non-cash write-down of both goodwill and trade name indefinite-lived intangible assets triggered by lower than expected patient visit volumes, the acceleration of clinician attrition, competition for clinicians in the labor market and net patient revenue per visit decreases primarily driven by unfavorable payor, state and service mix shifts. Refer to Note 5—Goodwill, Trade Name and Other Intangible Assets to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further details.

Change in fair value of warrant liability. Change in fair value of warrant liability for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $22.6 million. The amount relates to the change in the estimated fair value of the Company’s Private Placement Warrants and Public Warrants between June 16, 2021, the date that the liabilities were established in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, and December 31, 2021.

Change in fair value of contingent common shares liability. Change in fair value of contingent common shares liability for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $175.1 million. The amount relates to the change in the estimated fair value of the Company’s Earnout Shares and Vesting Shares between June 16, 2021, the date that the liabilities were established in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, and December 31, 2021.

Loss on settlement of redeemable preferred stock. Loss on settlement of redeemable preferred stock for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $14.0 million. The loss is based on the value of cash and equity provided to preferred stockholders in relation to the outstanding redeemable preferred stock liability at the time of the closing of the Business Combination.

Interest expense, net. Interest expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $46.3 million compared to $69.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, a decrease of $23.0 million or 33.2%. The decrease in interest expense was primarily driven by lower outstanding principal balances and lower weighted average interest rates under the Company’s first and second lien credit agreements during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Interest expense on redeemable preferred stock. Interest expense on redeemable preferred stock for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $10.1 million compared to $19.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, a decrease of $8.9 million or 47.0%. The decrease was driven by the settlement of the redeemable preferred stock in June 2021.

Other expense (income), net. Other expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $0.2 million compared to $91.0 million of income for the year ended December 31, 2020, a change of $91.2 million. The change was driven by $91.5 million of income related to general distribution payments under the Provider Relief Fund of the CARES Act in the year ended December 31, 2020 that did not recur in 2021. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded $5.5 million of charges related to the loss on debt

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extinguishment associated with the partial and full repayment of the first and second lien term loans, respectively, and recorded a $5.8 million gain on the sale of its Home Health service line.

Income tax (benefit) expense. Income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $71.0 million compared to $2.1 million of expense for the year ended December 31, 2020, a change of $73.0 million. The change was primarily driven by the difference in the effective tax rate for the respective periods. The effective tax rate was different between the respective periods primarily due to nondeductible impairment charges, nondeductible transaction costs, nondeductible loss on settlement of redeemable preferred stock, fair value adjustments related to liability-classified share-based instruments and increases in valuation allowances for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the tax-effect of income related to general distribution payments recognized under the Provider Relief Fund of the CARES Act for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Net loss. Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $782.0 million compared to $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, an increase in loss of $781.7 million. The comparatively higher loss was primarily driven by goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges, partially offset by the change in fair value of warrant liability and change in fair value of contingent common shares liability for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Year ended December 31, 2020 compared to year ended December 31, 2019

The following table summarizes the Company’s consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

Years Ended December 31,

Net patient revenue. Net patient revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $529.6 million, compared to $717.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $188.0 million or 26.2%.

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The decrease in net patient revenue was primarily driven by decreased visit volumes as a result of federal, state and local restrictions (e.g., “stay-at-home” orders) established in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by two additional working days in 2020 compared to 2019, and higher net patient revenue per visit driven by favorable revenue mix. Total patient visits decreased by approximately 1.7 million visits or 26.8%, driving a decrease in average visits per day of 6,878 or 27.3%. Net patient revenue per visit increased $0.88 or 0.8%, to $112.76 for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The following chart reflects additional detail with respect to drivers of the change in net patient revenue:

Other revenue. Other revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $62.7 million compared to $67.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $5.2 million or 7.7%. The decrease in other revenue was primarily driven by volume reduction in the Sports Medicine, MSA and Home Health service lines as a result of COVID-19 related restrictions.

Salaries and related costs. Salaries and related costs for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $306.5 million compared to $414.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $108.0 million or 26.1%. Salaries and related costs as a percentage of net operating revenue was 51.7% and 52.8% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to the lower level of wages and benefits resulting from measures implemented by the Company to match labor supply with reduced visit volumes due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced working schedules, voluntary and involuntary furloughs and headcount reductions. The decrease as a percentage of net operating revenue was primarily driven by improved clinician productivity as a result of a shift in the Company’s clinical labor models.

Rent, clinic supplies, contract labor and other. Rent, clinic supplies, contract labor and other costs for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $166.1 million compared to $170.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $4.4 million or 2.6%. Rent, clinic supplies, contract labor and other costs as a percentage of net operating revenue was 28.1% and 21.7% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $4.4 million decrease was driven by a reduction in the use of contract labor. The increase as a percentage of net operating revenue was primarily driven by unfavorable changes to cost leverage of the Company’s facilities- related fixed costs due to lower visit volumes.

Provision for doubtful accounts. Provision for doubtful accounts for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $16.2 million compared to $22.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $6.0 million or 26.9%. Provision for doubtful accounts as a percentage of net operating revenue was 2.7% and 2.8% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $6.0 million was primarily driven by lower visit volumes.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $104.3 million compared to $119.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $14.9 million or 12.5%. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net

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operating revenue was 17.6% and 15.2% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to reduced bonus and incentives and discretionary spend, partially offset by charges related to lease terminations, for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase as a percentage of revenue relates to unfavorable changes to cost leverage in a period of lower visit volumes due to selling, general and administrative costs being more fixed in nature.

Other (income) expenses, net. Other income, net for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $91.0 million of income compared to $0.8 million of expense for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was driven by $91.5 million of provider relief funds received from the federal government under the CARES Act.

Interest expense, net. Interest expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $69.3 million compared to $77.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $7.7 million or 10.0%. The decrease in interest expense was primarily driven by lower effective interest rates under the Company’s first and second lien credit agreement during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Interest expense on redeemable preferred stock. Interest expense on redeemable preferred stock for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $19.0 million compared to $15.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $3.5 million or 22.7%. The increase was driven by contractual accrued dividend rate increases.

Income tax expense (benefit). Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $2.1 million compared to a benefit of $44.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a change of $46.1 million. The change was primarily driven by the release of a significant portion of the Company’s valuation allowance in 2019.

Net (loss) income. Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $0.3 million compared to net income of $9.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a change of $10.0 million or 103.1%. The decrease was primarily driven by lower net operating revenue of $193.2 million and a lower income tax benefit of $46.1 million, partially offset by higher other income of $91.0 million and lower salaries and related costs of $108.0 million.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The following table reconciles the supplemental non-GAAP financial measures, as defined under the rules of the SEC, presented herein to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We have provided the non-GAAP financial measures, which are not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP, as supplemental information and in addition to the financial measures that are calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are defined as net income from continuing operations calculated in accordance with GAAP, less net income attributable to non-controlling interests, plus the sum of income tax expense, interest expense, net, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and further adjusted to exclude certain items of a significant or unusual nature, including but not limited to, goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges, changes in fair value of warrant liability and contingent common shares liability, loss on debt extinguishment, loss on settlement of redeemable preferred stock, business optimization costs, reorganization and severance costs, transaction and integration costs, charges related to lease terminations, share-based compensation, pre-opening de novo costs, gain on sale of Home Health service line and non-ordinary legal and regulatory matters (“Adjusted EBITDA”).

We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA because they are key measures used by our management team to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions. We believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are useful to investors for the purposes of comparing our results period-to-period and alongside peers and understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management team and board of directors.

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These supplemental measures should not be considered superior to, as a substitute for or as an alternative to, and should be considered in conjunction with, the GAAP financial measures presented. In addition, since these non-GAAP measures are not determined in accordance with GAAP, they are susceptible to varying calculations and may not be comparable to other similarly titled non-GAAP measures of other companies.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP Financial Measures)

The following is a reconciliation of net (loss) income, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure) for each of the periods indicated. For additional information on these non-GAAP financial measures, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity are operating cash flows, borrowings under our credit agreements and proceeds from equity issuances. We have used these funds for our short-term and long-term capital uses, which include salaries, benefits and other employee-related expenses, rent, clinical supplies, outside services, capital expenditures, acquisitions, de novos and acqui-novos and debt service. Our capital expenditure, acquisition, de novo and acqui-novo spend will depend on many factors, including the targeted number of new clinic openings, patient volumes, revenue growth rates and level of operating cash flows.

As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $48.6 million and $142.1 million in cash and cash equivalents, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, we had $70.0 million available under our revolving credit facility, less $1.2 million of outstanding letters of credit. As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $21.0 million available under our revolving credit facility, less $1.2 million of outstanding letters of credit, as a result of our ratio of consolidated first lien net debt to consolidated adjusted EBITDA, as defined in the Credit Agreement, exceeding 6.25:1.00.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, we had operating cash outflows of $42.1 million driven by items including expenses related to activity associated with the Business Combination, payments on credit balances due to patients and payors, payment of transaction-related amount due to former owners, partial application of MAAPP funds and partial repayment of deferred employer Social Security taxes. Our ability to generate future operating cash flows depends on many factors, including patient volumes and revenue growth rates.

As part of the Business Combination, we received cash of $345.0 million from cash in trust with FAII and $300.0 million of cash from the PIPE investment, net of $89.9 million of cash used for redemptions and Wilco

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Holdco and FAII transaction costs. The funds received by the Company were used for full repayment of the second lien term loan of $231.3 million, partial repayment of the first lien term loan of $216.7 million, cash payment to Wilco Holdco preferred stockholders of $59.0 million and Wilco Holdco transaction costs. Refer to Note 3—Business Combinations and Divestiture to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further details.

As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $12.3 million and $26.7 million of MAAPP funds included in the balance of cash and cash equivalents, respectively. In addition, as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $5.9 million and $11.0 million of deferred Social Security taxes included in the balance of cash and cash equivalents. We began applying MAAPP funds to Medicare billings in the second quarter of 2021 and remitted payments on its deferred employer Social Security taxes in the third and fourth quarters of 2021. The MAAPP funds and deferred employer Social Security taxes are required to be applied or repaid prior to the end of 2022, which together with other operational activity, may result in a net operating cash outflow for 2022. As noted previously, during the year ended December 31, 2020, we received approximately $91.5 million of general distribution payments under the Provider Relief Fund of the CARES Act.

We make reasonable and appropriate efforts to collect accounts receivable, including payor amounts and applicable patient deductibles, co-payments and co-insurance, in a consistent manner for all payor types. Claims are submitted to payors daily, weekly or monthly in accordance with our policy or payor’s requirements. When possible, we submit our claims electronically. The collection process is time consuming and typically involves the submission of claims to multiple payors whose payment of claims may be dependent upon the payment of another payor. Claims under litigation and vehicular incidents can take a year or longer to collect.

2022 credit agreement, Series A Senior Preferred Stock and warrants

On the Refinancing Date, the Borrower refinanced its outstanding debt by entering into a new 2022 credit agreement. The Company’s outstanding 2016 first lien term loan had a principal balance of $555.0 million which was paid down in its entirety on the Refinancing Date. The new 2022 credit agreement includes a senior secured term loan with a principal balance of $500.0 million which matures on February 24, 2028. Borrowings on the new senior secured term loan initially bear interest at a rate equal to SOFR, subject to a 1.0% floor, plus 7.25%, and includes step-downs based on our net leverage ratio. We may elect to pay 2.0% interest in-kind at a 0.5% premium during the first year under the agreement. The 2022 credit agreement contains customary covenants and restrictions, including financial and non-financial covenants. The financial covenants require us to maintain $30.0 million of minimum liquidity through the first quarter of 2024. Additionally, beginning in the second quarter of 2024, we must maintain a net leverage ratio, as defined in the agreements, not to exceed 7.00:1.00. The net leverage ratio covenant contains a step-down in the third quarter of 2024 to 6.75:1.00 and an additional step-down in the first quarter of 2025 to 6.25:1.00, which remains applicable through maturity.

The 2022 credit agreement includes a super priority revolving credit facility which has a maximum borrowing capacity of $50.0 million and matures on February 24, 2027. Borrowings on the new revolving credit facility bear interest at the Company’s election, at a base interest rate of the ABR, as defined in the agreement, plus a credit spread or SOFR plus an applicable credit spread adjustment plus 4.0%. The interest rate related to borrowings on the revolving credit facility includes step-downs, and includes adjustments based on our net leverage ratio.

On the Refinancing Date, we entered into a Series A Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with the Investors, pursuant to which the Investors purchased, in the aggregate, 165,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock with an initial stated value of $1,000 per share, or $165.0 million of stated value in the aggregate, together with warrants to purchase up to 11,498,401 shares of Common Stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $163,350,000. The Series A Preferred Stock has priority over the Common Stock with respect to distribution rights, liquidation rights and dividend rights. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends on the preferred shares at an initial dividend rate of 12.0%, which are payable in-kind, increasing 1.0% per annum on the first day following the fifth anniversary of the issuance and each one-year

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anniversary thereafter. However, from and after the third anniversary of the issuance of such preferred equity, we have the option to pay such dividends in cash at an interest rate of 1.0% lower than the paid-in-kind rate. The Series A Preferred Stock is perpetual and is mandatorily redeemable in certain circumstances such as a change of control, liquidation, winding up or dissolution, bankruptcy or other insolvency event, restructuring or capitalization transaction, or event of noncompliance.

Each Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Common Stock. The Warrants are exercisable within 5 years from issuance. The strike price is $3.00 for the Series I Warrants, and the strike price is $0.01 for the Series I Warrants.

As a result of the debt refinancing transactions and issuance of Series A Preferred Stock, we added approximately $77.3 million of cash to its balance sheet. We believe our operating cash flow, combined with our existing cash, cash equivalents and credit facility will continue to be sufficient to fund our operations for the next 12 months.

2016 first and second lien credit agreements (prior to refinancing in February 2022)

On May 10, 2016, the Borrower entered into (a) a First Lien Credit Agreement (the “First Lien Credit Agreement”) with, among others, the lenders party thereto and Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent, and (b) a Second Lien Credit Agreement (the “Second Lien Credit Agreement” and, together with the First Lien Credit Agreement, the “Credit Agreements” and each, a “Credit Agreement”) with, among others, the lenders party thereto and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as administrative agent.

In connection with the Business Combination on June 16, 2021, we paid down $216.7 million under our first lien term loan and paid $231.3 million to settle our second lien subordinated term loan.

The aggregate outstanding principal amount under the First Lien Credit Agreement was $552.0 million as of December 31, 2021 and the aggregate outstanding principal under the Credit Agreements was $999.6 million as of December 31, 2020. The term loan under the First Lien Credit Agreement is payable in quarterly installments and matures on May 10, 2023.

The First Lien Credit Agreement includes a revolving credit facility with a maximum borrowing capacity of $70.0 million, including $15.0 million sub-limit for swingline loans and amounts available for letters of credit. The issuance of such letters of credit and the making of swingline loans reduces the amount available under the applicable revolving credit facility. The Borrower may make draws under the revolving credit facility for general corporate purposes until the maturity date of the revolving credit facility.

The revolving facility under the First Lien Credit Agreement matures on May 10, 2023 unless (a) as of February 9, 2023 (the “Springing Maturity Date”), either (i) more than $100.0 million of first lien term loans remain outstanding on the Springing Maturity Date or (ii) the debt incurred to refinance any portion of the first lien term loans in excess of $100.0 million does not satisfy specified parameters, in which case the first lien revolving facility will mature on February 9, 2023, or (b) the Borrower makes certain prohibited restricted payments, in which case the first lien revolving facility will mature on the date of such restricted payment.

The 2016 first lien credit arrangement is guaranteed by Wilco Intermediate Holdings, Inc. and its domestic subsidiaries, subject to customary exceptions (collectively, the “Guarantors”) and secured by substantially all of the assets of the Borrower and Guarantors.

The borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest, at the Borrower’s election, at a base interest rate of the Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”) or London InterBank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an interest rate spread, as defined in the Credit Agreement. The ABR is the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.5%, (ii) one-month LIBOR plus 1.0%, and (iii) the prime rate. The LIBOR term may be one, two, three, or six months (or, to the extent available, 12 months or a shorter period).

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The per annum interest rate spread for revolving and swingline loans are based on a pricing grid with applicable margin determined by the first lien leverage ratio. As of December 31, 2021, the applicable interest rate spreads were 3.5% for ABR revolving loans and 4.5% for LIBOR revolving loans. In addition to the stated interest rate on borrowings under the revolving credit facility, we are required to pay a commitment fee of between 0.25% and 0.5% per annum on any unused portion of the revolving credit facility based on the pricing grid and our first lien leverage ratio.

The per annum interest rate spread for first lien term loan is (a) 2.5% for ABR loans and (b) 3.5% for LIBOR loans. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the effective interest rate for the first lien term loan was 4.9%.

The 2016 Credit Agreement contains covenants with which the Borrower must comply. For the First Lien Credit Agreement, the Borrower must maintain, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter when the sum of the outstanding balance of revolving loans, swingline loans and certain letters of credit exceeds 30% of the total revolving credit facility commitment, a ratio of consolidated first lien net debt to consolidated adjusted EBITDA, as defined in the Credit Agreement, not to exceed 6.25:1.00. As of December 31, 2021, the ratio exceeded 6.25:1.00. As a result, the sum of the outstanding balance of revolving loans, swingline loans and certain letters of credit is effectively limited to 30%, or approximately $21.0 million, of the total revolving credit facility commitment. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Borrower was in compliance with the covenants contained in the First Lien Credit Agreement.

Consolidated Cash Flows

The following table presents selected data from our consolidated statements of cash flows

Year ended December 31, 2021 compared to year ended December 31, 2020

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $42.1 million compared to $138.6 million provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 a change of $180.7 million. The change was primarily the result of approximately $5.5 million in cash outflows from expenses related to activity associated with the Business Combination, $5.4 million in payments on credit balances due to patients and payors, a $3.6 million payment of transaction-related amount due to former owners, $12.6 million of partial application of MAAPP funds, $5.1 million of partial repayments of deferred employer Social Security taxes, $6.9 million in year-over-year collection of accounts receivable, the 2020 inflow of $26.7 million of MAAPP funds not recurring in 2021, and the 2020 inflow of $91.5 million of general distribution payments under the Provider Relief Fund of the CARES Act not recurring in 2021.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $39.9 million compared to $21.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, an increase of $18.1 million. The increase is primarily driven by $19.8 million of higher capital expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2021 as a result of a higher number of new clinics in the current period.

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Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $11.5 million compared to $13.0 million of cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020, a decrease of $1.5 million. The decrease in cash used was primarily driven by net cash inflows related to the Business Combination (refer to Note 3—Business Combinations and Divestiture to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further details) partially offset by higher distributions to non-controlling interest during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Year ended December 31, 2020 compared to year ended December 31, 2019

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $138.6 million compared to $47.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $90.7 million. The increase was primarily the result of the receipt of MAAPP funds during the year ending December 31, 2020, as well as changes in deferred tax expense, non-cash interest and charges related to lease termination, partially offset by a reduction of net income of $10.0 million.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $21.8 million compared to $42.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $20.9 million. The decrease is primarily driven by $19.3 million of lower capital expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2020 driven by a lower number of new clinic openings due to delayed capital expenditures as part of our response to the impacts of COVID-19.

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 remained consistent year over year at $13.0 million.

Commitments and Contingencies

We may be subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business. We record accruals for such loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2021, we did not record any accruals related to the outcomes of the legal matters described in Note 18—Commitments and Contingencies. Refer to Note 18 – Commitment and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further information.

We enter into contractual obligations and commitments from time to time in the normal course of business, primarily related to our debt financing and operating leases. Refer to Notes 8—Borrowings and 17 – Leases to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further information. As noted previously, we have commitments related to MAAPP funds and deferred Social Security taxes which are required to be applied or repaid prior to the end of 2022. Additionally, the Company has contractual commitments related to cloud computing and telecommunication services agreements. Refer to Note 18 –

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Commitment and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations is based our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires our management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures. Our management bases its estimates, assumptions and judgments on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Different assumptions and judgments would change the estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements which, in turn, could change the results from those reported. In addition, actual results may differ from these estimates and such differences could be material to our financial position and results of operations.

Critical accounting estimates are those that our management considers the most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations because they require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Our critical accounting estimates in relation to its consolidated financial statements include those related to:

Additional information related to our critical accounting estimates can be found in Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Patient revenue recognition and allowance for doubtful accounts

Net patient revenue

We provide an array of services to our patients including physical therapy, work conditioning, hand therapy, aquatic therapy, functional capacity assessment, sports medicine and wellness programs. Net patient revenue consists of these physical therapy services.

Net patient revenue is recognized at an amount equal to the consideration we expect to receive from third-party payors, patients and others for services rendered when the performance obligations under the terms of the contract are satisfied.

There is an implied contract between the Company and the patient upon each patient visit resulting in the Company’s patient service performance obligation. Generally, the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time, as each service provided is distinct and future services rendered are not dependent on previously rendered services. The Company has separate contractual agreements with third-party payors (e.g., insurers, managed care programs, government programs, workers’ compensation) that provide for payments to the Company at amounts different from its established rates. While these agreements are not considered contracts

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with the customer, they are used for determining the transaction price for services provided to the patients covered by the third-party payors. The payor contracts do not indicate performance obligations of the Company but indicate reimbursement rates for patients who are covered by those payors when the services are provided.

To determine the transaction price associated with the implied contract, we include the estimated effects of any variable consideration, such as contractual allowances and implicit price concessions. When we have contracts with negotiated prices for services provided (contracted payors), we consider the contractual rates when estimating contractual allowances. Variable consideration is estimated using a portfolio approach that incorporates whether or not we have historical differences from negotiated rates due to non-compliance with contract provisions. Historical results indicate that it is probable that negotiated prices less variable consideration will be realized; therefore, this amount is deemed the transaction price and recorded as revenue. We record an estimated provision for doubtful accounts based on historical collections for claims with similar characteristics, such as location of service and type of third-party payor, at the time of recognition. Any subsequent impairment of the related receivable is recorded as provision for doubtful accounts.

For non-contracted payors, we determine the transaction price by applying established rates to the services provided and adjusting for contractual allowances provided to third-party payors and implicit price concessions. We estimate the contractual allowances and implicit price concessions using a portfolio approach based on historical collections for claims with similar characteristics, such as location of service and type of third-party payor, in relation to established rates, because we do not have a contract with the underlying payor. Any subsequent changes in estimate on the realization of the receivable is recorded as a revenue adjustment. Management believes that calculating at the portfolio level would not differ materially from considering each patient account separately.

We continually review the revenue transaction price estimation process to consider updates to laws and regulations and changes in third-party payor contractual terms that result from contract renegotiations and renewals. Due to complexities involved in determining amounts ultimately due under reimbursement arrangements with third-party payors and government entities, which are often subject to interpretation, we may receive reimbursement for healthcare services that is different from the estimates, and such differences could be material.

In its evaluation of the revenue transaction price, management assesses historical collection experience in relation to contracted rates, or for non-contracted payors, established rates. The practice of applying historical collection experience to determine the revenue transaction price for current transactions involves significant judgment and estimation. Management subsequently monitors the appropriateness of its estimates for claims on a date of service basis as cash collections on previous periods mature. Actual cash collections upon maturity may differ from the transaction price estimated upon initial recognition, and such differences could be material. If initial revenue recognition estimates increased or decreased by 100 basis points, the impact to annual net patient revenue would be approximately $5.6 million. Management believes subsequent changes in estimate as a result of maturity of claims with dates of service in 2018, 2019 and 2020 have not been material to the consolidated statements of operations.

The following table disaggregates net patient revenue for each associated payor class for the periods indicated below:

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The following table disaggregates accounts receivable, net associated with net patient revenue for each associated payor class as of:

Allowance for doubtful accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on estimates of losses related to receivable balances. The risk of collection varies based upon the service, the payor class and the patient’s ability to pay the amounts not reimbursed by the payor. We estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts based upon several factors, including the age of the outstanding receivables, the historical experience of collections, the impact of economic conditions and, in some cases, evaluating specific customer accounts for the ability to pay. Management judgment is used to assess the collectability of accounts and the ability of our customers to pay. The provision for doubtful accounts is included in cost of services in the consolidated statements of operations. When it is determined that a customer account is uncollectible, that balance is written off against the existing allowance.

Realization of deferred tax assets

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and the respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

We evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets and reduce those assets using a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Among the factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are projections of future taxable income streams and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. The judgments made at any point in time may be impacted by changes in tax codes, statutory tax rates or future taxable income levels. This could materially impact our assessment of the need for valuation allowance reserves and could cause our provision for income taxes to vary significantly from period to period.

Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We account for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets under ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, which requires us to test goodwill and other indefinite-lived assets for impairment annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate that impairment may exist.

The cost of acquired businesses is allocated first to its identifiable assets, both tangible and intangible, based on estimated fair values. Costs allocated to finite-lived identifiable intangible assets are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated useful lives of the assets. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired, net of liabilities assumed, is recorded as goodwill.

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Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized but must be reviewed at least annually for impairment. If the impairment test indicates that the carrying value of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, then an impairment loss should be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in an amount equal to the excess carrying value over fair value. Fair value is determined using valuation techniques based on estimates, judgments and assumptions we believe are appropriate in the circumstances. We completed the interim and annual impairment analyses of goodwill as of June 30, 2021, September 30, 2021 and October 1, 2021 using an average of a discounted cash flow analysis and comparable public company analysis. We concluded that no goodwill impairment occurred during the fourth quarter of 2021. The key assumptions associated with determining the estimated fair value include projected revenue growth rates, EBITDA margins, the terminal growth rate, the discount rate and relevant market multiples.

We completed the interim and annual impairment analyses of indefinite lived intangible assets as of June 30, 2021, September 30, 2021 and October 1, 2021 using the relief from royalty method. We concluded that no indefinite lived intangible asset impairment occurred during the fourth quarter of 2021. The key assumptions associated with determining the estimated fair value include projected revenue growth rates, the royalty rate, the discount rate and the terminal growth rate.

We have one reporting unit for purposes of our goodwill impairment tests. We concluded that no goodwill impairment occurred during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

In July 2021, we determined that the revision to our forecast, including factors related to the revision to our forecast, constituted an interim triggering event that required further analysis with respect to potential impairment to goodwill, trade name indefinite-lived intangible and other assets. Accordingly, we performed interim quantitative impairment testing and determined that the fair value amounts were below the respective carrying amounts. As a result, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $419.4 million related to goodwill and $33.7 million related to the trade name indefinite-lived intangible asset during the period ended June 30, 2021.

In October 2021, we reported a further revision to our forecast to reflect lower than expected patient visit volume. We determined that the factors related to the revision to its forecast constituted an interim triggering event that required further analysis with respect to potential impairment to goodwill, trade name indefinite-lived intangible and other assets. Accordingly, we performed interim quantitative impairment testing and determined that the fair value amounts were below the respective carrying amounts. As a result, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $307.4 million related to goodwill and $200.6 million related to the trade name indefinite-lived intangible asset during the period ended September 30, 2021. Refer to Note 5—Goodwill, Trade Name and Other Intangible Assets in the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further details.

Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions, estimates and market factors. Estimating the fair value of our reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible assets requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans, as well as industry, economic, and regulatory conditions. These assumptions and estimates include projected revenue growth rates, EBITDA margins, terminal growth rates, discount rates, relevant market multiples, royalty rates and other market factors. If current expectations of future growth rates, margins and cash flows are not met, or if market factors outside of our control change significantly, then our reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible assets might become impaired in the future, negatively impacting our operating results and financial position. As the carrying amounts of goodwill and the Company’s trade name indefinite-lived intangible asset were impaired as of June 30, 2021 and September 30, 2021 and written down to fair value, those amounts are more susceptible to an impairment risk if there are unfavorable changes in assumptions and estimates. Additionally, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets associated with acquisitions that may occur in the future are recorded on the balance sheet at their estimated acquisition date fair values, those amounts are more susceptible to impairment risk if business operating results or market conditions deteriorate.

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To further illustrate sensitivity of the valuation models, if we had changed the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of our goodwill reporting unit and trade name indefinite-lived intangible asset in our most recent quantitative analysis, these isolated changes, which are reasonably possible to occur, would have led to the following approximate increase/(decrease) in the aggregate fair value of the reporting unit under the discounted cash flow analysis or trade name indefinite-lived intangible asset (in thousands):

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information regarding recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to interest rate variability with regard to existing variable-rate debt instruments, which exposure primarily relates to movements in various interest rates, such as prime and LIBOR. We utilize derivative instruments such as interest rate swaps for purposes of hedging exposures related to such variability. Management believes that the result of its interest rate swap reduces the risk of interest rate variability to an immaterial amount. As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of the Company’s derivative instrument consisted of a $0.3 million non-current asset and $0.3 million current liability.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The amendments in this update provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. This standard is optional and may be applied by entities after March 12, 2020, but no later than December 31, 2022. We have certain debt instruments for which the interest rates are indexed to LIBOR, and as a result, is currently evaluating the effect that implementation of this standard will have on our consolidated operating results, cash flows, financial condition and related disclosures.

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OUR BUSINESS

Overview

We are the largest single-branded independent outpatient physical therapy provider in the United States by clinic count as of December 31, 2021. Our business specializes in outpatient rehabilitation and adjacent healthcare services, with 910 owned clinics (as well as 20 clinics under management service agreements) located in 25 states as of December 31, 2021. We operate with a commitment to providing our patients, medical provider partners, payors and employers with evidence-based, patient-centric care.

We offer a variety of services within our clinics, including physical therapy to treat spine, shoulder, knee and neck injuries or pain; work injury rehabilitation services, including work conditioning and work hardening; hand therapy; and other specialized treatment services. Our Company’s team of professionals is dedicated to helping return patients to optimal physical health.

Physical therapy patients receive team-based care, leading-edge techniques and individualized treatment plans in an encouraging environment. To achieve optimal results, we use an extensive array of techniques including therapeutic exercise, manual therapy and strength training, among others. Our physical therapy model aims to deliver optimized outcomes and time to recovery for patients, insights and service satisfaction for referring providers and predictable costs and measurable value for payors.

In addition to providing services to physical therapy patients at outpatient rehabilitation clinics, we provide services through our AWS program, MSA, and Sports Medicine arrangements. AWS provides an on-site team of healthcare professionals at employer worksites to promote work-related injury prevention, facilitate expedient and appropriate return-to-work follow-up and maintain the health and well-being of the workforce. Our MSA arrangements typically include the Company providing management and physical therapy-related services to physician-owned physical therapy clinics. Sports Medicine arrangements provide certified healthcare professionals to various schools, universities and other institutions to perform on-site physical therapy and rehabilitation services.

We believe our platform is advanced in the industry in terms of our team, our clinical systems, and our corporate infrastructure. We are leveraging our platform in an effort to address some of the most pressing challenges in the U.S. healthcare system, including high costs and poor clinical outcomes. Our mission is to exceed the expectations of the hundreds of thousands of patients we serve each year by providing high quality of care in a friendly and encouraging environment.

Our strategy includes:

On the Closing Date, the Business Combination was finalized pursuant to the Merger Agreement, dated February 21, 2021 between the operating company, Wilco Holdco, and FAII, a special purpose acquisition company. In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company changed its name from Fortress Value Acquisition Corp. II to ATI Physical Therapy, Inc. The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “ATIP.”

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On August 25, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement to divest its Home Health service line. On October 1, 2021, the transaction closed with a sale price of $7.3 million.

During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company completed 3 acquisitions consisting of 7 total clinics. With these acquisitions, the Company expanded its footprint in both Michigan and Texas.

This description of our business should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes contained in this prospectus.

Our Operating Model

We have an operating model that we believe is unique in the industry. We operate under a single “ATI” brand and own nearly 100% of our clinics, which we believe enables us to more consistently align the clinical and patient experience, align incentives across our teams, track and analyze clinical outcome data, and promote efficiency in our operations. The key components of our operating model include:

Our Platform

Key elements of our platform include:

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Our Services

Physical Therapy

We offer a variety of services within our clinics, including physical therapy to treat spine, shoulder, knee and neck injuries or pain; work injury rehabilitation services, including work conditioning and work hardening; hand therapy; and other specialized treatment services.

To supplement our traditional outpatient physical therapy services, we introduced ATI Connect in early 2020, a tele-physical therapy offering which launched amidst state lockdowns nationwide in response to COVID-19 (as defined below). We believe that, while virtual visits will not fully replace the need for in-person treatment, ATI Connect serves as a convenient option for patients who either lack immediate access to a clinic or are looking to supplement traditional treatments. This offering also allows us to serve patients in locations where we do not have a physical presence today.

We also offer ATI First which leverages our existing clinic footprint and clinical expertise to unlock value for self-insured employers looking to reduce MSK costs, by integrating our services earlier in the overall process for evaluating and treating MSK conditions. ATI First educates employees around the benefits of physical therapy and encourages them to consider physical therapy services before undergoing a costlier procedure. While our ATI First solution is relatively small today, we intend to leverage our demonstrated success in generating savings under our existing contracts to target new contracts.

ATI Worksite Solutions

AWS is an on-site service that provides customized cost-saving injury prevention programs, work-related injury assessment services, wellness offerings and consultations for employers, ranging from Fortune 100 companies to small local businesses. We staff athletic trainers, physical therapy assistants and other clinicians as Certified Early Intervention Specialists at the employer’s site to provide early interventions and promote physical health and wellness.

Management Service Agreements

We partner with physician-owned practices to improve their performance, drive efficiencies and optimize patient outcomes. Utilizing our resources and infrastructure, we provide dedicated service teams to oversee the integration of our programs into physical therapy practices. This includes proprietary EMR integration, caseload management and continuing education in progressive therapies.

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Sports Medicine

Our Sports Medicine athletic trainers work with athletes at all levels of competition to prevent, evaluate and treat sports injuries. We offer onsite sports physical therapy services, clinical evaluation and diagnosis, immediate and emergency care, nutrition programs and concussion management, among others.

Industry Factors and Competition

MSK conditions affect individuals of all ages and represent some of the most common causes of health problems in the United States. Physical therapy and related services are low-cost solutions that can address a variety of MSK conditions. We believe that the following factors, among others, affect the market and industry trends for outpatient physical therapy services:

The outpatient physical therapy market is highly fragmented, rapidly evolving and highly competitive. Competition within the industry may intensify in the future as existing competitors and new entrants introduce new physical therapy services and platforms and consolidation in the healthcare industry continues. We currently face competition from the following categories of principal competitors:

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We believe the principal competitive factors in the outpatient physical therapy market include the quality of care, cost of care, treatment outcomes, breadth of location and geographic convenience, breadth of patient insurance coverage accepted by clinics, brand awareness and relations with referral sources and key industry participants. We compete in our existing markets by leveraging our unified brand, advertising to increase patient awareness, utilizing sales efforts to establish new and enhance existing relationships with referral sources, applying our team-based approach to care, leveraging our proprietary EMR and data-driven operating platform and striving for high quality of care expectations. Beginning in 2019, physical therapy providers were included in the CMS Quality Payment Program and were eligible to report quality metrics for the MIPS. We opted to report 2019 performance as an early adopter, and we received an ‘exceptional’ rating based on the data submitted across our platform and received a quality ‘bonus’ on 2021 billed CMS payments. Beginning in 2020, the CMS MIPS measures reporting became mandatory for all physical therapy providers. In November 2021, the 2020 scores were finalized and based on our performance we again received an ‘exceptional’ rating while scoring in the 99th percentile across all clinics and accordingly will receive the highest possible quality ‘bonus’ with respect to 2022 billed CMS payments. We believe the ‘exceptional’ rating by CMS reflects our commitment to delivering the highest quality of care and positions us as an industry leader as value-based care emerges. This is further exemplified as we have partnered with two different commercial payors on value-based contracts that pay based on quality performance. Additionally, we recently achieved Credentialing Accreditation status by the NCQA. As an accredited organization, we have demonstrated that our credentialing processes are in accordance with the highest quality standards.

De Novo and Acqui-Novo Program

We have opened 144 standalone de novo and acqui-novo clinics over the three years ended December 31, 2021. We have built proprietary methods to identify future sites in urban and suburban, high-traffic areas. By incorporating various datasets, including CMS and census data, we are able to compile a comprehensive assessment of potential new locations. We leverage both bottoms-up and top-down analyses to address opportunities on a one-by-one square mile geocode and utilize a cross-functional team to assess the physical locations and develop a “go to market” strategy to determine the most attractive sites. Through our proprietary site-selection process we have identified significant actionable whitespace opportunity within our existing states today. As we enter new states organically or through acquisitions, we create new whitespace into which we can expand with de novo clinics.

In addition to our traditional approach to de novo growth, we have recently supplemented this initiative with our acqui-novo strategy, where we assume an existing clinic location in a target geography instead of developing anew. We believe that we are an attractive option for local physical therapy operators to exit their practice and join the Company due to our unified national brand, professional development and competitive compensation programs for clinical staff. Acqui-novo clinics have similar up-front costs compared to de novo clinics, but provide us with immediate presence, available staff, and referral relationships of the former owner within the surrounding areas. We view this as an alternative to a de novo build and may choose to expand our locations through either de novo or acqui-novo clinics.

Our Employees and Human Capital Resources

Our business strategy relies on attracting, training, developing, and retaining a skilled workforce. Our clinicians are a driving force for favorable patient outcomes and are key to our success. The Company has focused on increasing its clinical staffing levels by hiring clinicians and reducing levels of clinician attrition that

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were elevated in recent periods, which was caused, in part, by changes made during the COVID-19 pandemic related to compensation, staffing levels and support for clinicians. We have implemented a range of actions related to compensation, staffing levels, clinical and professional development and other initiatives in an effort to retain and attract therapists across our platform, and observed improvements in hiring and attrition levels to conclude 2021.

We offer comprehensive Total Rewards in an effort to attract new candidates and retain existing employees. Our Total Rewards program includes, but is not limited to, incentive compensation plans, healthcare and insurance benefits, a 401(k) plan, paid time off and other work-life and wellness benefits. We have focused on adding greater efficiency and effectiveness around accountability and decision rights, acted swiftly and decisively in the advent of COVID-19 to continue our strong commitment to workplace safety and the health and welfare of our clinicians and patients and created differentiated leadership and development programs to support clinician career development and growth.

We are an equal opportunity employer and are committed to maintaining a diverse and inclusive work environment. Employees are treated with dignity and respect in an environment free from harassment and discrimination regardless of race, color, age, gender, disability, minority, sexual orientation or any other protected class. Our commitment to diversity and inclusion enables employees to realize their full potential and drives high performance through innovation and collaboration.

As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately 5,600 employees. This number is not inclusive of any contractors or temporary staff but does include our on-call clinicians. We do not have any employees who are represented by a labor union or are party to a collective bargaining agreement.

Impact of COVID-19

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the outpatient physical therapy industry. In March 2020, as the pandemic began to affect all aspects of daily-life, hospitals and surgical centers began to postpone elective and non-essential surgeries, reducing the volume of individuals requiring physical therapy services. Additionally, closures of non-essential businesses, stay-at-home orders, and social-distancing guidelines all adversely impacted the flow of visits to clinics.

We kept the vast majority of our clinics open during this period to ensure that we continued to provide the convenience and services that our patients need. As a substitute to in-person visits, we also quickly introduced our ATI Connect offering to improve access for our patients that require physical therapy but were not comfortable with in-person sessions. In response to the suppressed volumes, we quickly down-sized our workforce to better match clinicians to demand at the local level. At the same time, we took significant measures to make sure our employees were cared for, including maintaining health benefits for furloughed workers and reducing executive compensation to establish an employee relief pool that provided assistance to our employees most in need.

In response to the COVID-19 crisis, the ATI Foundation, a 501(c)(3) charitable organization founded by our team, expanded its mission to include ATI Team Forward. Through the generosity of the Company’s executive leadership, the Company Board and Advent, the ATI Team Forward grant program assisted our team members with a variety of unforeseen difficulties and hardships created by the pandemic.

Governmental Regulations and Supervision

We are subject to extensive federal, state and local government laws and regulations, including Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rules and regulations, anti-kickback laws, self-referral prohibition statutes, false claims statutes, exclusions statutes, civil monetary penalty statutes and associated regulations, among others. We are also subject to extensive federal, state and local government laws and regulations. In particular, we are

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subject to federal and state laws that regulate the reimbursement of our services and that are designed to prevent fraud and abuse, and impose state licensure and corporate practice of medicine restrictions, as well as federal and state laws and regulations relating to the privacy of individually identifiable information. We maintain a robust compliance program, have made significant investments around our controls across the organization, and we periodically conduct internal audits and reviews along with compliance training designed to keep our officers, directors and employees educated and up-to-date and to emphasize our policy of strict compliance.

Reimbursement; Fraud and Abuse

We are subject to laws regulating reimbursement under various federal and state healthcare programs. The marketing, billing, documenting and other practices of healthcare companies are all subject to government scrutiny. To ensure compliance with Medicare, Medicaid and other regulations, health insurance carriers and state agencies often conduct audits and request customer records and other documents to support our claims submitted for payment of services rendered to customers. Similarly, government agencies and their contractors periodically open investigations and obtain information from us and from healthcare providers pursuant to the legal process. Violations of federal and state regulations can result in severe criminal, civil and administrative penalties and sanctions, including disqualification from Medicare and other reimbursement programs, which could significantly impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Various federal and state laws prohibit the submission of false or fraudulent claims, including claims to obtain payment under Medicare, Medicaid, and other government healthcare programs. These laws include the federal False Claims Act, which prohibits persons or entities from knowingly submitting or causing to be submitted a claim that the person knew or should have known (i) to be false or fraudulent; (ii) for items or services not provided or provided as claimed; or (iii) was provided by an individual not otherwise qualified or who was excluded from participation in federal healthcare programs. The False Claims Act also imposes penalties for requests for payment that otherwise violate conditions of participation in federal healthcare programs or other healthcare compliance laws. In recent years, federal and state government agencies have increased the level of enforcement resources and activities targeted at the healthcare industry. Additionally, the False Claims Act and similar state statutes allow individuals to bring lawsuits on behalf of the government, in what are known as qui tam or “whistleblower” actions, and can result in civil and criminal fines, imprisonment, and exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs. The use of these private enforcement actions against healthcare providers has increased dramatically in recent years, in part because the individual filing the initial complaint is entitled to share in a portion of any settlement or judgment. Revisions to the False Claims Act enacted in 2009 expanded significantly the scope of liability, provided for new investigative tools, and made it easier for whistleblowers to bring and maintain False Claims Act suits on behalf of the government.

Anti-Kickback Regulations

We are subject to federal and state laws regulating financial relationships involving federally-reimbursable healthcare services. These laws include Section 1128B(b) of the Social Security Act (the “Anti-Kickback Law”), under which civil and criminal penalties can be imposed upon persons who, among other things, offer, solicit, pay or receive remuneration in return for (i) the referral of patients for the rendering of any item or service for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, by a federal health care program (including Medicare and Medicaid); or (ii) purchasing, leasing, ordering, or arranging for or recommending purchasing, leasing, ordering any good, facility, service, or item for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, by a federal health care program (including Medicare and Medicaid). We believe that our business procedures and business arrangements are in compliance with these laws and regulations. However, the provisions are broadly written and the full extent of their specific application to specific facts and arrangements to which we are a party is uncertain and difficult to predict. In addition, several states have enacted state laws similar to the Anti-Kickback Law, many of which are more restrictive than the federal Anti-Kickback Law.

The Office of the Inspector General (“OIG”) of the Health and Human Services Department has issued regulations describing compensation arrangements that fall within a “Safe Harbor” and, therefore, are not viewed

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as illegal remuneration under the Anti-Kickback Law. Failure to fall within a Safe Harbor does not mean that the Anti-Kickback Law has been violated; however, the OIG has indicated that failure to fall within a Safe Harbor may subject an arrangement to increased scrutiny under a “facts and circumstances” test. Federal case law provides limited guidance as to the application of the Anti-Kickback Law to these arrangements. However, we believe our arrangements, including our compensation and financial arrangements, comply with the Anti-Kickback Law. If our arrangements are found to violate the Anti-Kickback Law, it could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Penalties for violations include denial of payment for the services, significant criminal and civil monetary penalties, and exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs. In addition, claims resulting from a violation of the Anti-Kickback Law are considered false for purposes of the False Claims Act.

Physician Self-Referral

Provisions of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. § 1395nn) (the “Stark Law”) prohibit referrals by a physician of “designated health services” which are payable, in whole or in part, by Medicare or Medicaid, to an entity in which the physician or the physician’s immediate family member has an investment interest or other financial relationship, subject to several exceptions. The Stark Law is a strict liability statute and proof of intent to violate the Stark Law is not required. Physical therapy services are among the “designated health services” subject to the Stark Law. Further, the Stark Law has application to our management contracts with individual physicians and physician groups, as well as, any other financial relationship between us and referring physicians, including medical advisor arrangements and any financial transaction resulting from a clinic acquisition. The Stark Law also prohibits billing for services rendered pursuant to a prohibited referral. Several states have enacted laws similar to the Stark Law. These state laws may cover all (not just Medicare and Medicaid) patients. As with the Anti-Kickback Law, we consider the Stark Law in planning our clinics, establishing contractual and other arrangements with physicians, marketing and other activities, and believe that our operations are in compliance with the Stark Law. If we violate the Stark Law or any similar state laws, our financial results and operations could be adversely affected. Penalties for violations include denial of payment for the services, significant civil monetary penalties, and exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs.

Corporate Practice; Fee-Splitting; Professional Licensure

The laws of some states restrict or prohibit the “corporate practice of medicine,” meaning business corporations cannot provide medical services through the direct employment of medical providers, or by exercising control over medical decisions by medical providers. In some states, the specific restrictions explicitly apply to physical therapy services, in others the specific restrictions have been interpreted to apply to physical therapy services or are not fully developed. The specific restrictions with respect to enforcement of the corporate practice of medicine or physical therapy vary from state to state and certain states in which we operate may present higher risk than others.

Many states also have laws that prohibit a non-physical therapy entity, individual, or provider fee-splitting. Generally, these laws restrict business arrangements that involve a physical therapist sharing professional fees with a referral source, but in some states, these laws have been interpreted to extend to management agreements between physical therapists and business entities under some circumstances.

We believe that each of our facilities and medical provider partners comply with any current corporate practice and fee-splitting laws of the state in which they are located. However, such laws and regulations vary from state to state and are enforced by governmental, judicial, law enforcement or regulatory authorities with broad discretion. We cannot be certain that our interpretation of certain laws and regulations is correct with respect to how we have structured our operations, service agreements and other arrangements with physical therapists in the states in which we operate. Future interpretations of corporate practice and fee-splitting laws, the enactment of new legislation, or the adoption of new regulations relating to these laws could cause us to have to restructure our business operations or close our facilities in a particular state.

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Health Information Practices

HIPAA required the Health and Human Services Department to adopt standards to protect the privacy and security of individually identifiable health-related information. HIPAA created a source of funding for fraud control to coordinate federal, state and local healthcare law enforcement programs, conduct investigations, provide guidance to the healthcare industry concerning fraudulent healthcare practices, and establish a national data bank to receive and report final adverse actions. HIPAA also criminalized certain forms of health fraud against all public and private payors. Additionally, HIPAA mandates the adoption of standards regarding the exchange of healthcare information in an effort to ensure the privacy and electronic security of patient information and standards relating to the privacy of health information. Sanctions for failing to comply with HIPAA include criminal penalties and civil sanctions. In February of 2009, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”) was signed into law. Title XIII of ARRA, HITECH, provided for substantial Medicare and Medicaid incentives for providers to adopt electronic health records (“EHRs”) and grants for the development of health information exchange (“HIE”). Recognizing that HIE and EHR systems will not be implemented unless the public can be assured that the privacy and security of patient information in such systems is protected, HITECH also significantly expanded the scope of the privacy and security requirements under HIPAA. Most notable are the mandatory breach notification requirements and a heightened enforcement scheme that includes increased penalties, and which now apply to business associates as well as to covered entities. In addition to HIPAA, a number of states have adopted laws and/or regulations applicable in the use and disclosure of individually identifiable health information that can be more stringent than comparable provisions under HIPAA.

In addition to HIPAA, there are numerous federal and state laws and regulations addressing patient and consumer privacy concerns, including unauthorized access or theft of personal information. State statutes and regulations vary from state to state, some of which are more stringent than HIPAA.

We believe that our operations comply with applicable standards for privacy and security of protected healthcare information. We cannot predict what negative effect, if any, HIPAA/HITECH or any applicable state law or regulation will have on our business.

Other Regulatory Factors

Political, economic and regulatory influences are fundamentally changing the healthcare industry in the United States. Congress, state legislatures and the private sector continue to review and assess alternative healthcare delivery and payment systems. Potential alternative approaches could include mandated basic healthcare benefits, controls on healthcare spending through limitations on the growth of private health insurance premiums and Medicare and Medicaid spending, the creation of large insurance purchasing groups, and price controls. Legislative debate is expected to continue in the future and market forces are expected to demand only modest increases or reduced costs. For instance, managed care entities are demanding lower reimbursement rates from healthcare providers and, in some cases, are requiring or encouraging providers to accept capitated payments that may not allow providers to cover their full costs or realize traditional levels of profitability. We cannot reasonably predict what impact the adoption of federal or state healthcare reform measures or future private sector reform may have on our business.

Properties

We lease all of the properties used for our clinics under operating leases with lease terms typically ranging from seven to ten years with options to renew. We intend to lease the premises for any new clinic locations. Our typical clinic occupies 1,000 to 5,000 square feet.

We also lease our executive offices located in Bolingbrook, Illinois, under an operating lease expiring in December 2032. We currently lease approximately 135,000 square feet of space at our executive offices.

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Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings or subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The outcome of any litigation and claims against the Company cannot be predicted with certainty, and the resolution of these matters could materially affect our future results of operations, cash flows, or financial position. Refer to Note 18—Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further details.

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MANAGEMENT

The Company’s directors and executive officers and their ages as of April 11, 2022 are as follows:

John L. Larsen. Mr. Larsen has served on the Company Board since 2018 and has served as the Chair of the Company Board since 2021. He currently also serves as a member of the leadership team fulfilling the role of Principal Executive Officer. Mr. Larsen’s role at the Company has primarily been to work alongside executives and board members, participating in and nurturing broad networks of alliances with others. Mr. Larsen is an executive at Bridgeway Partners LLC (“Bridgeway”). Prior to forming Bridgeway in 2020, Mr. Larsen served in various roles at UnitedHealth Group from 2005 until 2018. Mr. Larsen was also an executive at Gondola Eye, LLC from 2019 until 2020.

Joseph Jordan. Mr. Jordan was named Chief Financial Officer of the Company in 2019. He currently also serves as a member of the leadership team fulfilling the role of Principal Executive Officer. Prior to assuming his role as Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Jordan served as the Company’s Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer beginning in 2018. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Jordan spent approximately two years at Sears Holding Corporation (“Sears”), first as Assistant Controller and later as Vice President and Corporate Controller. Mr. Jordan began his career in 2003 and held various positions at Deloitte & Touche LLP and Sun Coke Energy prior to joining Sears. Mr. Jordan received his B.S. in Accounting from Purdue University.

Ray Wahl. Mr. Wahl became Chief Operating Officer of the Company in 2019. He currently also serves as a member of the leadership team fulfilling the role of Principal Executive Officer. Previously, Mr. Wahl served on the Company’s leadership team as East Division President, overseeing operations in Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Mr. Wahl joined the Company in 2006 and has held various leadership positions, overseeing growth through new clinic opportunities, acquisitions and strategic partnerships. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Wahl was an Athletic Trainer from 1996 until 2000 with Plaza Physical Therapy. Mr. Wahl received his doctorate of physical therapy from Temple University and his M.B.A. from Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management.

Diana Chafey. Ms. Chafey joined the Company as its Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary in 2018. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Chafey served as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of the Warranty Group between 2013 and 2018, where she oversaw global legal, compliance, risk management, regulatory and corporate governance matters and related affairs. Ms. Chafey also previously held roles as partner at DLA Piper US LLP until 2013 and associate at McGuire Woods LLP from 2002 until 2003,

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representing clients in domestic and global regulatory and transactional matters. Ms. Chafey received her B.A. from Arizona State University and her J.D. from Valparaiso University School of Law.

Augustus Oakes. Mr. Oakes joined the Company as Vice President of Business Technology in 2018 and currently serves as Chief Information Officer. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Oakes serves as an IT strategy consultant at KPMG LLP from 2013 until 2018, where he helped clients build modern IT operating models and prepare for digital disruption. Mr. Oakes also served in various IT leadership roles at Walgreen Company, d/b/a Walgreens (“Walgreens”) and as a management consultant with Accenture plc. Mr. Oakes holds a degree from Loyola University Chicago.

Joe Zavalishin. Mr. Zavalishin joined the Company as Chief Development Officer in 2019. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Zavalishin served as a Senior Vice President at OptumRx, a large manager of pharmacy benefits (“Optum”), where he was responsible for network development and strategy, payor and provider relationships, and pricing from 2016 until 2019. Prior to Optum, Mr. Zavalishin served as Executive Vice President of AxelaCare Health, a national provider of home infusion pharmacy and nursing services (“Axela”), overseeing operations including pricing and strategy from 2013 through 2015 when Axela was acquired by Optum. Mr. Zavalishin’s role was greatly expanded in connection with the acquisition of Axela by Optum. Prior to that time, Mr. Zavalishin served as Vice President of Contracts & Pricing Development at Walgreens from 2009 until 2013. Mr. Zavalishin also served as Vice President of Pharmacy Network and Operations and as Head of Planning and Business Strategy for Medical Products at Aetna Inc. from 2004 until 2009. Mr. Zavalishin received his B.A. from the University of Connecticut and an M.B.A. in Finance and Strategy from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

Joanne M. Burns. Ms. Burns joined the Company Board in 2021. Prior to serving on the Company Board, Ms. Burns served as the Chief Strategy Officer for Cerner Corporation, a healthcare IT company, from 2013 to 2019. Ms. Burns serves on the board of directors of Availity, a healthcare claims clearinghouse, as the chair of the performance and compensation committee and a member of the finance committee. Ms. Burns also serves on the board of directors of Innara Health, a neonatal medical device company, and she is chair of the board of directors and the compensation committee of SNOMED International, an international non-profit organization focused on clinical terminology used in electronic health records. Ms. Burns received her B.S. from the State University of New York College at Plattsburgh and her M.P.A. from the University of San Francisco.

Daniel Dourney. Mr. Dourney joined the Company Board in February 2022. From April 2019 to June 2021, Mr. Dourney served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Professional PT, LLC, a provider of outpatient physical and hand therapy and rehabilitation services. Previously, from May 2016 to March 2019, he was the President and Chief Operations Officer of OptimisCorp, a medical technology provider, and, prior to that was the COO of Physiotherapy Associates, an outpatient physical and occupational rehabilitation service and health and wellness program provider, from May 2014 to March 2016. Mr. Dourney has served on the board of directors of OptimisCorp since May 2016. Mr. Dourney received a bachelor’s degree from State University of New York Upstate Medical University and is a physical therapist.

John Maldonado. Mr. Maldonado has served on the Company Board since 2016. Mr. Maldonado is a Managing Partner at Advent. Prior to joining Advent in 2006, he worked at Bain Capital, Parthenon Capital and the Parthenon Group. He also currently serves on the board of directors of AccentCare, Inc., a provider in post-acute healthcare services (“AccentCare”), Definitive Healthcare, LLC, a healthcare data provider, RxBenefits, a pharmacy adviser to employee benefits consultants, and Healthcare Private Equity Association, an association that supports the healthcare private equity community. Mr. Maldonado received his B.A. in mathematics, summa cum laude, from Dartmouth College and his M.B.A., with high distinction, as a Baker Scholar from Harvard Business School.

Andrew A. McKnight. Mr. McKnight has served on the Company Board since June 2020. Mr. McKnight is a Managing Partner of the Credit Funds business at Fortress. Mr. McKnight is based in Dallas and heads the liquid

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credit investment strategies at Fortress, serves on the investment committee for the Credit Funds business at Fortress and is a member of the management committee of Fortress. Mr. McKnight previously served on the board of directors of Mosaic Acquisition Corp. from 2017 to 2020. Mr. McKnight has also served on the board of directors and as the Chief Executive Officer of FVAC I since its inception in January 2020 and continues to serve on the board of directors of MP Materials where he is a member of the compensation committee. Additionally, Mr. McKnight has served as a director and Chief Executive Officer of FVAC III since its inception in August 2020, and as Chairman of the FVAC IV board. Prior to joining Fortress in Feburary 2005, he was the trader for Fir Tree Partners (“Fir Tree”) where he was responsible for analyzing and trading high yield and convertible bonds, bank debt, derivatives and equities for the value-based hedge fund. Prior to Fir Tree, Mr. McKnight worked on Goldman, Sachs & Co.’s distressed bank debt trading desk. Mr. McKnight received a B.A. in Economics from the University of Virginia.

James E. Parisi. Mr. Parisi joined the Company Board in 2021. Mr. Parisi currently serves on the board of directors of Cboe Global Markets, Inc., a global exchange operator, as the chair of the audit committee, a member of the compensation committee and a member of the Alternative Trading System oversight committee. Previously, Mr. Parisi served on the board of directors of Cotiviti Inc., a clinical and financial analytics company, as the Chair of the audit committee and a member of the board strategy committee from 2015 until 2018. Mr. Parisi also served on the board of directors for Cboe Futures Inc., a futures exchange, where he was a member of the regulatory oversight committee from 2016 until 2018 and served on the board of directors of Pursuant Health, Inc., a provider of self-service health and wellness testing kiosks, as the chair of the audit committee from 2014 until 2021. Mr. Parisi served as Chief Financial Officer of CME Group Inc., a publicly traded company, from 2004 through 2014. Mr. Parisi received his B.S. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and his M.B.A. from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

Carmine Petrone. Mr. Petrone has served on the Company Board since 2016. Mr. Petrone is a Managing Director at Advent, focused on investments in the healthcare sector. Prior to joining Advent in 2010, Mr. Petrone was an associate at Thomas H. Lee Partners from 2006 to 2008. Mr. Petrone currently serves on the board of directors of AccentCare. He holds a B.A. in Economics from the John Hopkins University and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.

Teresa Sparks. Ms. Sparks has served on the Company Board since 2021. Ms. Sparks served as Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) and Executive Vice President of Envision Healthcare, a leading provider of physician-led services and post-acute care services in addition to ambulatory surgery services, from 2018 to 2020. Previously, she was the interim CFO at Brookdale Senior Living, and, prior to that, was the CFO at Surgery Partners and its predecessor company, Symbion, Inc., from 2014 to 2018. Ms. Sparks currently serves on the board of directors of Harrow Health, Inc., a publicly traded ophthalmic-focused healthcare company, where she is chair of the audit committee and a member of the nominating and governance and compensation committees. Ms. Sparks also serves on the board of directors and as chair of the audit committee of several other private companies. Ms. Sparks received a bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and Accounting, graduating Summa Cum Laude from Trevecca Nazarene University.

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships among any of our executive officers or directors.

Board Structure

Our Board consists of eight (8) members:

Class I directors: Andrew A. McKnight and Teresa Sparks, and their terms will expire at the first annual meeting of stockholders;

Class II directors: Joanne Burns, John Maldonado and Jamie Parisi, and their terms will expire at the second annual meeting of stockholders;

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Class III directors: Daniel Dourney, John Larsen and Carmine Petrone, and their terms will expire at the third annual meeting of stockholders.

On February 18, 2022, Christopher Krubert resigned from the Company’s Board and each committee of which he was a member, effective February 24, 2022. Mr. Krubert’s decision to resign was not a result of any disagreement with the Company or the Board on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices.

In accordance with our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, we have a classified Board of Directors, which divides our Board into three classes with staggered three-year terms, with only one class of directors being elected in each year.

At each succeeding annual meeting of the stockholders, successors to the class of directors whose term expires at that annual meeting shall be elected for a three-year term or until the election and qualification of their respective successors in office, subject to their earlier death, resignation or removal.

The Board has determined that each of Ms. Burns, Mr. Dourney, Mr. Parisi, Mr. Maldonado, Mr. McKnight, Mr. Petrone, and Ms. Sparks are independent directors under applicable SEC and NYSE rules.

Role of the Board in Risk Oversight

The Board is responsible for overseeing our risk management process. The Board will focus on our general risk management strategy, the most significant risks facing us, and oversee the implementation of risk mitigation strategies by management. Our Audit Committee is also responsible for discussing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management.

Nomination Rights

In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, FAII entered into the Stockholders Agreement with certain entities affiliated with Advent party thereto, (the “Advent Stockholders”) which became effective upon the Closing Date. Pursuant to the terms of the Stockholders Agreement, the Advent Stockholders have the right to designate director nominees for election to the Board at any meeting of our stockholders (“Advent Directors”). The number of nominees that the Advent Stockholders are entitled to nominate pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement is dependent on the aggregate number of shares of our common stock (including any securities or rights convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for (in each case, directly or indirectly), shares of our common stock, including options and warrants) held by Advent Stockholders. For so long as the Advent Stockholders own (i) 50% or more of our common stock, the Advent Stockholders are entitled to designate five Advent Directors, (ii) 38% or more (but less than 50%) of our common stock, the Advent Stockholders are entitled to designate four Advent Directors, (iii) 26% or more (but less than 38%) of our common stock, the Advent Stockholders are entitled to designate three Advent Directors, (iv) 13% or more (but less than 26%) of our common stock, the Advent Stockholders are entitled to designate two Advent Directors, (v) 5% or more (but less than 13%) of our common stock, the Advent Stockholders are entitled to designate one Advent Director and (vi) less than 5%, the Advent Stockholders are not entitled to designate any Advent Directors.

In addition, holders of Series A Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class, have the right to designate and elect one director to serve on the Company’s Board until such time that (i) as of any applicable fiscal quarter end, the Company’s 12-month Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Certificate of Designation for the Series A Preferred Stock) exceeds $100,000,000, or (ii) the Lead Purchaser (as defined in the Certificate of Designation for the Series A Preferred Stock) ceases to hold at least 50.1% of the Series A Preferred Stock originally held by it. The holders of Series A Preferred Stock designated Daniel Dourney as their designee, and the Board appointed Mr. Dourney to the Board on February 24, 2022.

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Controlled Company Exemption

Because Advent beneficially owns a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock, we are a “controlled company” under the listing rules of the NYSE. As a controlled company, we are exempt from certain NYSE governance requirements that would otherwise apply to the composition and function of our Board. For example, we are not required to comply with certain rules that would otherwise require, among other things, (i) the compensation of our executive officers to be determined by a majority of the independent directors or a committee of independent directors, and (ii) director nominees to be selected or recommended either by a majority of the independent directors or a committee of independent directors. Notwithstanding our status as a controlled company, we remain subject to the requirements that our independent directors hold regular executive sessions and that our Audit Committee consist entirely of independent directors.

If at any time we cease to be a controlled company, we will take all action necessary to comply with the NYSE listing rules, including ensuring that our Compensation Committee and our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are each composed entirely of independent directors, subject to any permitted “phase-in” periods. We will no longer qualify as a controlled company once Advent ceases to own a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock.