KFS Kingsway Financial Services Inc New

Item 1. Financial Statements

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

(1) Net of income tax benefit of $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021.

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 1 BUSINESS

Kingsway Financial Services Inc. (the "Company" or "Kingsway") was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) on September 19, 1989. Effective December 31, 2018 the Company changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from the province of Ontario, Canada, to the State of Delaware. Kingsway is a holding company with operating subsidiaries located in the United States. The Company owns or controls subsidiaries primarily in the extended warranty, business services, asset management and real estate industries.

NOTE 2 BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements of the Company. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been included and are of a normal recurring nature. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements and footnotes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes included within our Annual Report on Form 10-K ("2021 Annual Report") for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The unaudited consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as certain variable interest entities as further described in Note 5, "Variable Interest Entities," to the consolidated financial statements in the 2021 Annual Report. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Certain amounts in the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 have been reclassified in order to conform to the 2022 presentation.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates and their underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Changes in estimates are recorded in the accounting period in which they are determined.

The critical accounting estimates and assumptions in the accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements include the valuation of fixed maturities and equity investments; impairment assessment of investments; valuation of limited liability investments, at fair value; valuation of real estate investments; valuation of deferred income taxes; accounting for business combinations and asset acquisitions; valuation and impairment assessment of intangible assets; goodwill recoverability; deferred contract costs; fair value assumptions for subordinated debt obligations; fair value assumptions for subsidiary stock-based compensation awards; contingent consideration and revenue recognition.

The fair values of the Company's investments in fixed maturities and equity investments, limited liability investments, at fair value, real estate investments, subordinated debt, stock-based compensation liabilities, derivative contracts and contingent consideration are estimated using a fair value hierarchy to categorize the inputs it uses in valuation techniques. Fair values for other investments approximate their unpaid principal balance. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate fair values for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments and certain other assets and other liabilities because of their short-term nature.

NOTE 3 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Except as set forth below there have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies as reported in our 2021 Annual Report.

COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a notable impact on general economic conditions, including but not limited to the temporary closures of many businesses; "shelter in place" and other governmental regulations; and many businesses continue to operate in a work-from-home mode.

The near-term impacts of COVID-19 are primarily with respect to the Company’s Extended Warranty segment. Consumer spending was initially impacted, including a decline in the purchase of new and used vehicles, and many businesses through which the Company distributes its products remained closed or were open but with capacity restraints.  More recently, consumer spending has improved but supply-chain issues have caused a shortage of new automobiles which, in turn, has caused demand for used automobiles to increase.  This dynamic has had both positive and negative impacts on the Company’s revenues. With respect to homeowner warranties, the Company experienced an initial reduction in new enrollments in its home warranty programs associated with the impact of COVID-19 on new home sales in the United States.

The Company could experience other potential impacts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including, but not limited to, potential impairment charges to the carrying amounts of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangibles and long-lived assets, the loss in value of investments, as well as the potential for adverse impacts on the Company's debt covenant financial ratios. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or judgments or a revision of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.  Actual results may differ materially from the Company’s current estimates as the scope of the COVID-19 pandemic evolves or if the duration of business disruptions is longer than initially anticipated.

Holding Company Liquidity

The Company's Extended Warranty and Kingsway Search Xcelerator subsidiaries fund their obligations primarily through service fee and commission revenue. The Company's Leased Real Estate subsidiaries fund their obligations through rental revenue. 

The liquidity of the holding company is managed separately from its subsidiaries. The obligations of the holding company primarily consist of holding company operating expenses; transaction-related expenses; investments; certain debt and associated interest; and any other extraordinary demands on the holding company.

Actions available to the holding company to generate liquidity in order to meet its obligations include the sale of passive investments; sale of subsidiaries; issuance of debt or equity securities; exercise of warrants; distributions from the Company’s Extended Warranty subsidiaries, subject to certain restrictions; and giving notice to its Trust Preferred trustees of its intention to exercise its voluntary right to defer interest payments for up to 20 quarters on the six subsidiary trusts of the Company’s subordinated debt, which right the Company exercised during the third quarter of 2018.

Receipt of dividends from the Company's insurance subsidiaries is currently not considered a source of liquidity for the holding company. The insurance subsidiaries have required regulatory approval for the return of capital and, in certain circumstances, prior to the payment of dividends. At March 31, 2022, Kingsway Amigo Insurance Company ("Amigo") was restricted from making any dividend payments to the holding company without regulatory approval pursuant to domiciliary state insurance regulations.

Historically, dividends from the Leased Real Estate segment were not generally considered a source of liquidity for the holding company, except upon the occurrence of certain events that would trigger payment of service fees. However, as more fully described in Note 20, "Commitments and Contingencies," the holding company is now permitted to receive 20% of the proceeds from the increased rental payments resulting from an earlier amendment to the lease (or any borrowings against such increased rental payments).   Refer to Note 10, "Debt," for further information about this borrowing.

The holding company’s liquidity, defined as the amount of cash in the bank accounts of Kingsway Financial Services Inc. and Kingsway America Inc., was $3.4 million (approximately seven months of operating cash outflows) and $2.2 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which excludes future actions available to the holding company that could be taken to generate liquidity. The holding company cash amounts are reflected in the cash and cash equivalents of $13.1 million and $12.6 million reported at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. 

As of March 31, 2022, there are 169,733 shares of the Company’s Class A Preferred Stock (the "Preferred Shares"), issued and outstanding. The outstanding Preferred Shares were required to be redeemed by the Company on April 1, 2021 ("Redemption Date") if the Company had sufficient legally available funds to do so. Additionally, the Company has exercised its right to defer payment of interest on its outstanding subordinated debt ("trust preferred securities") and, because of the deferral which totaled $19.9 million at March 31, 2022, the Company is prohibited from redeeming any shares of its capital stock while payment of interest on the trust preferred securities is being deferred. If the Company was required to pay either the Preferred Shares redemption value or both the deferred interest on the trust preferred securities and redeem all the Preferred Shares currently outstanding, then the Company has determined that it does not have sufficient legally available funds to do so. However, the Company is prohibited from doing so under Delaware law and, as such, (a) the interest on the trust preferred securities remains on deferral as permitted under the indentures and (b) in accordance with Delaware law the Preferred Shares were not redeemed on the Redemption Date and instead remain outstanding with a redemption value of $6.6 million, as of  March 31, 2022, continue to be convertible at the discretion of the holder, and will accrue dividends until such time as the Company has sufficient legally available funds to redeem the Preferred Shares and is not otherwise prohibited from doing so. The Company continues to operate in the ordinary course.

The Company notes there are several variables to consider in such a situation, and management is exploring the following opportunities: negotiating with the holders of the Preferred Shares with respect to key provisions, raising additional funds through capital market transactions, as well as the Company’s strategy of working to monetize its non-core investments while attempting to maximize the tradeoff between liquidity and value received.

Based on the Company’s current business plan and revenue prospects, existing cash, cash equivalents, investment balances and anticipated cash flows from operations are expected to be sufficient to meet the Company’s working capital and operating expenditure requirements, excluding the cash that may be required to redeem the Preferred Shares and deferred interest on its trust preferred securities, for the next twelve months. However, the Company’s assessment could also be affected by various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

NOTE 4 RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

(a)    Adoption of New Accounting Standards:

Effective January 1, 2022, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) ("ASU 2021-04").  ASU 2021-04 clarifies and reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (for example, warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. ASU 2021-04 provides guidance that will clarify whether an issuer should account for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange as (1) an adjustment to equity and, if so, the related earnings per share (EPS) effects, if any, or (2) an expense and, if so, the manner and pattern of recognition. The adoption of ASU 2021-04 did not have an effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

(b)    Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted:

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 replaces the current incurred loss model used to measure impairment losses with an expected loss model for trade, reinsurance, and other receivables as well as financial instruments measured at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 will require a financial asset measured at amortized cost, including reinsurance balances recoverable, to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by means of an allowance for credit losses that runs through net income (loss). Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will also be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. However, the amendments would limit the amount of the allowance to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. The measurement of credit losses on available-for-sale investments is similar under current GAAP, but the update requires the use of the allowance account through which amounts can be reversed, rather than through irreversible write-downs. On November 15, 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, which (1) provides a framework to stagger effective dates for future major accounting standards and (2) amends the effective dates for certain major new accounting standards to give implementation relief to certain types of entities. Specifically, per ASU 2019-10 the Company would adopt ASU 2016-13 beginning January 1, 2023, as the Company is a smaller reporting company.   The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2016-13 to determine the potential impact that adopting this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 5 ACQUISITIONS

The table below summarizes the Company's fixed maturities at March 31, 2022 by contractual maturity periods. Actual results may differ as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without penalties, prior to the contractual maturity of these obligations.

The following tables highlight the aggregate unrealized loss position, by security type, of available-for-sale investments in unrealized loss positions as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The tables segregate the holdings based on the period of time the investments have been continuously held in unrealized loss positions.

There are approximately 185and 138 individual available-for-sale investments that were in unrealized loss positions as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. 

The establishment of an other-than-temporary impairment on an investment requires a number of judgments and estimates. The Company performs a quarterly analysis of the individual investments to determine if declines in market value are other-than-temporary. See the "Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Estimates" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition included in the 2021 Annual Report for further information regarding the Company's detailed analysis and factors considered in establishing an other-than-temporary impairment on an investment.

As a result of the analysis performed by the Company to determine declines in market value that are other-than-temporary, the Company did not record any write-downs for other-than-temporary impairment related to investments for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021.

The Company has reviewed currently available information regarding investments with estimated fair values less than their carrying amounts and believes these unrealized losses are not other-than-temporary and are primarily due to temporary market and sector-related factors rather than to issuer-specific factors. The Company does not intend to sell those investments, and it is not likely it will be required to sell those investments before recovery of its amortized cost.

The Company does not have any exposure to subprime mortgage-backed investments.

Limited liability investments include investments in limited liability companies and limited partnerships. The Company's interests in these investments are not deemed minor and, therefore, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The most recently available financial statements are used in applying the equity method. The difference between the end of the reporting period of the limited liability entities and that of the Company is no more than three months. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying value of limited liability investments totaled $1.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Income or loss from limited liability investments is recognized based on the Company's share of the earnings of the limited liability entities and is included in net investment income in the consolidated statements of operations. At March 31, 2022, the Company had no unfunded commitments related to limited liability investments.

Limited liability investments, at fair value represents the underlying investments of the Company’s consolidated entities Net Lease Investment Grade Portfolio LLC ("Net Lease") and Argo Holdings Fund I, LLC ("Argo Holdings"). As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying value of the Company's limited liability investments, at fair value was $18.9 million and $18.8 million, respectively.   The Company recorded impairments related to limited liability investments, at fair value of zero and less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in gain (loss) on change in fair value of limited liability investments, at fair value in the consolidated statements of operations. At March 31, 2022, the Company had no unfunded commitments to fund limited liability investments, at fair value.

The Company consolidates the financial statements of Net Lease on a three-month lag. Net Lease owns investments in limited liability companies that hold investment properties.  During the fourth quarter of 2020, one of Net Lease's limited liability companies sold their investment property.  A portion of the proceeds from the sale were distributed to Net Lease who used them primarily to repay their $9.0 million mezzanine loan. As a result of the distribution, Net Lease recorded a gain of $1.2 million related to its investment in the limited liability company, with an offsetting change in unrealized gain of $1.2 million, which collectively are included in net investment income in the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended  March 31, 2021.   

Investments in private companies consist of convertible preferred stocks and notes in privately owned companies and investments in limited liability companies in which the Company’s interests are deemed minor. The Company's investments in private companies do not have readily determinable fair values. The Company has elected to record investments in private companies at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying value of the Company's investments in private companies totaled $0.8 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, the Company did not record any adjustments to the fair value of its investments in private companies for observable price changes.

The Company performs a quarterly impairment analysis of its investments in private companies.  As a result of the analysis performed, the Company did not record any impairments related to investments in private companies for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021.  

Net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 is comprised as follows:

Gross realized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments, limited liability investments, at fair value and investments in private companies for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 are comprised as follows:

Loss on change in fair value of equity investments for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 is comprised as follows:

Impact of COVID-19 on Investments

The Company continues to assess the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on the value of its various investments, which could result in future material decreases in the underlying investment values. Such decreases may be considered temporary or could be deemed to be other-than-temporary, and management may be required to record write-downs of the related investments in future reporting periods.

The Company's intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized either based on the patterns in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are expected to be consumed or using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 5 to 18 years. Amortization of intangible assets was $1.5 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively.  The higher amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 is related to amortization of intangible assets recorded in conjunction with the Company's acquisitions of PWI Holdings, Inc. ("PWI") effective December 1, 2020, Ravix effective October 1, 2021 and the VA effective December 30, 2021.  During the third quarter of 2021, the Company finalized its fair value analysis of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in its acquisition of PWI. 

The tenant relationship and trade names intangible assets have indefinite useful lives and are not amortized. No impairment charges were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021.

NOTE 9 DERIVATIVES

On April 1, 2021, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement with CIBC Bank USA to convert the variable London interbank offered interest rate for three-month U.S. dollar deposits ("LIBOR") interest rate on a portion of its 2020 KWH Loan (as defined below in Note 10, "Debt,") to a fixed interest rate of 1.18%.  The interest rate swap had an initial notional amount of $11.9 million and matures on February 29, 2024.

The purpose of this interest rate swap, which is not designated as a cash flow hedge, is to reduce the Company's exposure to variability in cash flows from interest payments attributable to fluctuations in the variable interest rate associated with the 2020 KWH Loan.  The Company has not elected hedge accounting for the interest rate swap.  The interest rate swap is recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.

The notional amount of the interest rate swap contract is $10.0 million at March 31, 2022.  At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of the interest rate swap contract was an asset of $0.2 million and a liability of less than $0.1 million, respectively, which is included in other receivables and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets.  During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized a gain of $0.2 million related to the change in fair value of the interest rate swap, which is included in interest expense not allocated to segments in the consolidated statement of operations and within cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows.  Net cash payments of less than $0.1 million were made during the three months ended March 31, 2022, to settle a portion of the liabilities related to the interest rate swap agreement.  These payments are reflected as cash outflows in the consolidated statements of cash flows within net cash provided by (used in) operating activities.

Subordinated debt mentioned above consists of the following trust preferred debt instruments:

(a)          Bank loans:

Ravix

As part of the acquisition of Ravix on October 1, 2021, Ravix became a wholly owned subsidiary of Ravix Acquisition LLC ("Ravix LLC"), and together they borrowed from a bank a principal amount of $6.0 million in the form of a term loan, and established a $1.0 million revolver to finance the acquisition of Ravix (together, the "Ravix Loan"). The Ravix Loan has an annual interest rate equal to the greater of the Prime Rate plus 0.5%, or 3.75%. At March 31, 2022, the interest rate was 4.00%. The revolver matures on October 1, 2023 and the term loan matures on October 1, 2027.  Subsequent to October 1, 2021, Ravix has borrowed under the revolver.  The carrying values at  March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 includes $5.6 milllion and $5.7 million, respectively, related to the term loan and $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively related to revolver.

The Company also recorded as a discount to the carrying value of the Ravix Loan issuance costs of $0.2 million specifically related to the Ravix Loan.  The Ravix Loan is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its amortized cost, which reflects the monthly pay-down of principal as well as the amortization of the debt discount and issuance costs using the effective interest rate method.  The fair value of the Ravix Loan disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of B and BB minus rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The Ravix Loan is secured by certain of the equity interests and assets of Ravix.

The Ravix Loan contains a number of covenants, including, but not limited to, a leverage ratio and a fixed charge ratio, all of which are as defined in and calculated pursuant to the Ravix Loan that, among other things, restrict Ravix’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, make dividends and distributions, engage in mergers, acquisitions and consolidations, make certain payments and investments and dispose of certain assets.

KWH

In 2019, the Company formed Kingsway Warranty Holdings LLC ("KWH"), whose subsidiaries include IWS Acquisition Corporation ("IWS"), Geminus Holdings Company, Inc. ("Geminus") and Trinity Warranty Solutions LLC ("Trinity"). As part of the acquisition of PWI Holdings, Inc. ("PWI") on December 1, 2020, PWI became a wholly owned subsidiary of KWH, which borrowed a principal amount of $25.7 million from a bank, consisting of a $24.7 million term loan and a $1.0 million revolving credit facility (the "2020 KWH Loan"). The proceeds from the 2020 KWH Loan were used to partially fund the acquisition of PWI and to fully repay the prior outstanding loan at KWH, which occurred on December 1, 2020.

The 2020 KWH Loan has an annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, having a floor of 0.75%, plus 2.75%.  At March 31, 2022, the interest rate was 3.5%. The 2020 KWH Loan matures on December 1, 2025. The Company also recorded as a discount to the carrying value of the 2020 KWH Loan issuance costs of $0.4 million specifically related to the 2020 KWH Loan. The 2020 KWH Loan is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its amortized cost, which reflects the quarterly pay-down of principal as well as the amortization of the debt discount and issuance costs using the effective interest rate method. The fair value of the 2020 KWH Loan disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of B and BB minus rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The 2020 KWH Loan is secured by certain of the equity interests and assets of KWH and its subsidiaries.

The 2020 KWH Loan contains a number of covenants, including, but not limited to, a leverage ratio, a fixed charge ratio and limits on annual capital expenditures, all of which are as defined in and calculated pursuant to the 2020 KWH Loan that, among other things, restrict KWH’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, make dividends and distributions, engage in mergers, acquisitions and consolidations, make certain payments and investments and dispose of certain assets.

(b)          Notes payable:

CMC Industries 

As part of the acquisition of CMC Industries, Inc. ("CMC") in July 2016, the Company assumed a mortgage, which is recorded as note payable in the consolidated balance sheets ("the Mortgage").  The Mortgage was recorded at its estimated fair value of $191.7 million, which included the unpaid principal amount of $180.0 million as of the date of acquisition plus a premium of $11.7 million. The Mortgage matures on May 15, 2034 and has a fixed interest rate of 4.07%. The Mortgage is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its amortized cost, which reflects the monthly pay-down of principal as well as the amortization of the premium using the effective interest rate method. The fair value of the Mortgage disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of A-rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

On June 2, 2021, TRT Leaseco ("TRT"), a subsidiary of CMC, entered into an amendment to the Mortgage to borrow an additional $15.0 million, which is recorded as note payable in the consolidated balance sheets ("the Additional Mortgage").  The net proceeds from the Additional Mortgage were used to advance increased rental payments to the parties that had entered into a legal settlement agreement reached during the first quarter of 2021, including the Company which received $2.7 million.  See Note 20(a), "Commitments and Contingencies - Legal proceedings," for further discussion of the CMC litigation settlement agreement.

The Additional Mortgage matures on May 15, 2034 and has a fixed interest rate of 3.20%.  The Company recorded as a discount to the carrying value of the Additional Mortgage issuance costs of $1.7 million specifically related to the Additional Mortgage. The Additional Mortgage is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its amortized cost, which reflects the monthly pay-down of principal as well as the amortization of the debt discount and issuance costs using the effective interest rate method.  The fair value of the Additional Mortgage disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of A-rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Both the Mortgage and the Additional Mortgage are nonrecourse indebtedness with respect to CMC and its subsidiaries, and the Mortgage and Additional Mortgage are not, nor will it be, guaranteed by Kingsway or its affiliates. The Mortgage and Additional Mortgage are collateralized by a parcel of real property consisting of approximately 192 acres located in the State of Texas (the "Real Property") and the assignment of leases and rents related to a long-term triple net lease agreement with an unrelated third-party.

VA Lafayette (formerly known as RoeCo)

As part of its acquisition of VA Lafayette on  December 30, 2021, the Company assumed the LA Mortgage, which is comprised of a senior amortizing note, a senior interest only note and a junior note. The LA Mortgage is nonrecourse indebtedness with respect to the assets of VA Lafayette, and the LA Mortgage is not, nor will it be, guaranteed by Kingsway or its affiliates unless VA Lafayette acts in bad-faith or commits intentional acts with respect to the LA Mortgage.  Refer to Note 20(b), "Commitments and Contingencies" for further disclosure. The LA Mortgage is collateralized by a parcel of real property and a single tenant building located in the state of Louisiana (the "LA Real Property") and the assignment of a lease and rent related to a long-term lease agreement with an unrelated third-party.  The Company recorded the LA Mortgage at its aggregate unpaid principal amount of $13.5 million as of the date of acquisition plus a premium of $3.5 million. The senior amortizing note, which has unpaid principal of $6.4 million and $6.6 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, matures on September 14, 2036 and has a fixed interest rate of 3.75%. The senior interest only note, which has unpaid principal of $5.0 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, matures on October 14, 2036 and has a fixed interest rate of 5.682%.  The junior note, which has unpaid principal of $1.9 million and $1.9 million at March 31, 2022 and  December 31, 2021, repectively, matures on September 16, 2036 and has a fixed interest rate of 7.0%, of which a fixed amount is payable semi-annually and the remainder is added to the principal balance of the junior note.  The LA Mortgage is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its aggregate unpaid principal balance.  The fair value of the LA Mortgage disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of bonds backed by loans to hospitals and guaranteed by the U.S. Government and A-rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Flower

On January 5, 2015, Flower Portfolio 001, LLC ("Flower") assumed a $9.2 million mortgage in conjunction with the purchase of investment real estate properties, which is recorded as note payable in the consolidated balance sheets ("the Flower Note"). The Flower Note requires monthly payments of principal and interest and is secured by certain investments of Flower. The Flower Note matures on December 10, 2031 and has a fixed interest rate of 4.81%. The carrying value of the Flower Note at March 31, 2022 of $6.3 million represents its unpaid principal balance. The fair value of the Flower Note disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of A and BBB plus rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Paycheck Protection Program 

In April 2020, certain subsidiaries of the Company received loan proceeds under the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"), totaling $2.9 million with a stated annual interest rate of 1.00%. The PPP, established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act and administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (the "SBA"), provides for loans to qualifying businesses for amounts up to 2.5 times of the average monthly payroll costs (as defined for purposes of the PPP) of the qualifying business. The loans and accrued interest are forgivable as long as the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, costs, rent and utilities, during the twenty-four week period following the borrower’s receipt of the loan and maintains its payroll levels and employee headcount. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if the borrower reduces its employee headcount below its average employee headcount during a benchmark period or significantly reduces salaries for certain employees during the covered period.

The Company used the entire loan amount for qualifying expenses. The U.S. Department of the Treasury has announced that it will conduct audits for PPP loans that exceed $2.0 million. If the Company were to be audited and receive an adverse outcome in such an audit, it could be required to return the full amount of the PPP Loan and may potentially be subject to civil and criminal fines and penalties.

On December 21, 2020 the SBA approved the forgiveness of the full amount of one of the five PPP loans, which included principal and interest of $0.4 million. In January 2021 and March 2021, the SBA provided the Company with notices of forgiveness of the full amount of the remaining four loans. The forgiveness in the first quarter of 2021 included total principal and interest of $2.5 million.  The loan forgiveness is included in gain on extinguishment of debt, net in the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

(c)          Subordinated debt:

Between December 4, 2002 and December 16, 2003, six subsidiary trusts of the Company issued $90.5 million of 30-year capital securities to third-parties in separate private transactions. In each instance, a corresponding floating rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debenture was then issued by KAI to the trust in exchange for the proceeds from the private sale. The floating rate debentures bear interest at the rate of LIBOR, plus spreads ranging from 3.85% to 4.20%. The Company has the right to call each of these securities at par value any time after five years from their issuance until their maturity.

The subordinated debt is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. See Note 18, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments," for further discussion of the subordinated debt. The portion of the change in fair value of subordinated debt related to the instrument-specific credit risk is recognized in other comprehensive loss. Of the $0.9 million increase in fair value of the Company’s subordinated debt between December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022, $1.0 million is reported as decrease in fair value of debt attributable to instrument-specific credit risk in the Company's consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and $1.9 million reported as loss on change in fair value of debt in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

During the third quarter of 2018, the Company gave notice to its Trust Preferred trustees of its intention to exercise its voluntary right to defer interest payments for up to 20 quarters, pursuant to the contractual terms of its outstanding Trust Preferred indentures, which permit interest deferral. This action does not constitute a default under the Company's Trust Preferred indentures or any of its other debt indentures. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, deferred interest payable of $19.9 million and $18.7 million, respectively, is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

The agreements governing the subordinated debt contain a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, make dividends and distributions, and make certain payments in respect of the Company’s outstanding securities.

NOTE 11 LEASES

(a)          Lessee leases:

The Company has operating leases for office space that include fixed base rent payments, as well as variable rent payments to reimburse the landlord for operating expenses and taxes. The Company’s variable lease payments do not depend on a published index or rate, and therefore, are expensed as incurred. The Company includes only fixed payments for lease components in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. There are no residual value guarantees.

Operating lease costs and variable lease costs included in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were $0.2 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively.  Operating lease costs and variable lease costs included in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were $0.3 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively.

The annual maturities of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2022 were as follows:

The weighted-average remaining lease term for our operating leases was 3.60 years as of March 31, 2022. The weighted average discount rate of our operating leases was 5.13% as of March 31, 2022. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities was $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively.

(b)          Lessor leases:

The Company owns the Real Property that is subject to a long-term triple net lease agreement with an unrelated third-party. The lease provides for future rent escalations and renewal options. The initial lease term ends in May 2034. The lessee bears the cost of maintenance and property taxes. Rental income from operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis, based on contractual lease terms with fixed and determinable increases over the non-cancellable term of the related lease when collectability is reasonably assured. Rental revenue includes a de minimus amount of amortization of below market lease liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021. The estimated aggregate future amortization of below market lease liabilities is $0.1 million for 2022, $0.1 million for 2023, $0.1 million for 2024, $0.1 million for 2025 and $0.1 million for 2026. Realization of the residual values of the assets under lease is dependent on the future ability to market the assets under prevailing market conditions. The lease is classified as an operating lease and the underlying leased assets are included in property and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 8, "Property and Equipment".

The Company acquired the LA Property on December 30, 2021.  The LA Real Property is subject to a long-term lease agreement with an unrelated third-party. The lease provides for future rent decreases. The initial lease term ends in March 2035. The lessee bears the cost of maintenance and property taxes. Rental income from operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis, based on contractual lease terms with fixed and determinable increases over the non-cancellable term of the related lease when collectability is reasonably assured. Rental revenue includes a de minimus amount of amortization of above-market lease asset related to the LA Property for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021. The estimated aggregate future amortization of above-market lease asset is $0.1 million for 2022, $0.1 million for 2023, $0.1 million for 2024, $0.1 million for 2025 and $0.1 million for 2026. Realization of the residual values of the assets under lease is dependent on the future ability to market the assets under prevailing market conditions. The lease is classified as an operating lease and the underlying leased assets are included in property and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets. Refer toNote 8, "Property and Equipment".

Lease revenue related to operating leases was $3.6 million and $3.3 million for the three months ended  March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively.  Lease revenue related to variable lease payments was $0.1 million and zero for the three months ended  March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. 

The following table provides the net book value of operating lease property included in property and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

As of March 31, 2022, future undiscounted cash flows to be received in each of the next five years and thereafter, on non-cancelable operating leases are as follows:

NOTE 12 REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Revenue from contracts with customers relates to the Extended Warranty and Kingsway Search Xcelerator segments and includes: vehicle service agreement fees, guaranteed asset protection products ("GAP") commissions, maintenance support service fees, warranty product commissions, homebuilder warranty service fees, homebuilder warranty commissions and business services consulting revenue.  Revenue is based on terms of various agreements with credit unions, consumers, businesses and homebuilders. Customers either pay in full at the inception of a warranty contract, commission product sale, or when consulting services are billed, or on terms subject to the Company’s customary credit reviews.

The following table disaggregates revenues from contracts with customers by revenue type:

Vehicle service agreement fees include the fees collected to cover the costs of future automobile mechanical breakdown claims and the associated administration of those claims. Vehicle service agreement fees are earned over the duration of the vehicle service agreement contracts as the single performance obligation is satisfied. Vehicle service agreement fees are initially recorded as deferred service fees with revenues recognized over the term of the contract based on the proportion of expected claims to total overall claims to be incurred over the life of the contract.  The Company believes this reasonably represents the transfer of services to the vehicle service contract holder over the warranty term. The Company compares the remaining deferred service fees balance to the estimated amount of expected future claims under the vehicle service agreement contracts and records an additional accrual if the deferred service fees balance is less than expected future claims costs.

In certain jurisdictions the Company is required to refund to a customer a pro-rata share of the vehicle service agreement fees if a customer cancels the agreement prior to the end of the term. Depending on the jurisdiction, the Company may be entitled to deduct from the refund a cancellation fee and/or amounts for claims incurred prior to cancellation. While refunds vary depending on the term and type of product offered, historically refunds have averaged 9% to 13% of the original amount of the vehicle service agreement fee. Revenues recorded by the Company are net of variable consideration related to refunds and the associated refund liability is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The Company estimates refunds based on the actual historical refund rates by warranty type taking into consideration current observable refund trends in estimating the expected amount of future customer refunds to be paid at each reporting period.

GAP commissions include commissions from the sale of GAP products. The Company acts as an agent on behalf of the third-party insurance company that underwrites and guaranties these GAP contracts. The Company receives a single commission fee as its transaction price at the time it sells a GAP contract to a customer. Each GAP contract contains two separate performance obligations - sale of a GAP contract and GAP claims administration. The first performance obligation is related to the sale of a GAP contract and is satisfied upon closing the sale. The second performance obligation is related to the administration of claims during the GAP contract period. The amount of revenue the Company recognizes is based the costs to provide services during the GAP contract period, including an appropriate estimate of profit margin.

Maintenance support service fees include the service fees collected to administer equipment breakdown and maintenance support services and are earned as services are rendered.

Warranty product commissions include the commissions from the sale of warranty contracts for certain new and used heating, ventilation, air conditioning ("HVAC"), standby generator, commercial LED lighting and commercial refrigeration equipment. The Company acts as an agent on behalf of the third-party insurance companies that underwrite and guaranty these warranty contracts. The Company does not guaranty the performance underlying the warranty contracts it sells. Warranty product commissions are earned at the time of the warranty product sales.

Homebuilder warranty service fees include fees collected from the sale of warranties issued by new homebuilders. The Company receives a single warranty service fee as its transaction price at the time it enters into a written contract with each of its builder customers. Each contract contains two separate performance obligations - warranty administrative services and other warranty services. Warranty administrative services include enrolling each home sold by the builder into the program and the warranty administrative system and delivering the warranty product. Other warranty services include answering builder or homeowner questions regarding the home warranty and dispute resolution services.

Homebuilder warranty commissions include commissions from the sale of warranty contracts for those builders who have requested and receive insurance backing of their warranty obligations. The Company acts as an agent on behalf of the third-party insurance company that underwrites and guaranties these warranty contracts. Homebuilder warranty commissions are earned on the certification date, which is typically the date of the closing of the sale of the home to the buyer. The Company also earns fees to manage remediation or repair services related to claims on insurance-backed warranty obligations, which are earned when the claims are closed.

Ravix consulting revenue includes the revenue from providing outsourced finance and human resources consulting services. The Company invoices for business services consulting revenue based on contracted rates.  Revenue is earned as services are provided.

The Company's revenue recognition policies are further described in Note 2(p), "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue recognition," to the consolidated financial statements in the 2021 Annual Report.

Receivables from contracts with customers are reported as service fee receivable, net in the consolidated balance sheets and at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were $8.7 million and $6.7 million, respectively.  The increase in receivables from contracts with customers is primarily due to the timing difference between the Company's satisfaction of performance obligations and customer payments.  During the three months ended  March 31, 2022, increased revenue at Trinity and Ravix primarily resulted in the increase in receivables from contracts with customers.

The Company records deferred service fees resulting from contracts with customers when payment is received in advance of satisfying the performance obligations. Changes in deferred service fees for the three months ended  March 31, 2022 were as follows:

The increase in deferred service fees between December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022 is primarily due to additions to deferred service fees in excess of deferred service fees recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The Company expects to recognize within one year as service fee and commission revenue approximately 48.7% of the deferred service fees as of March 31, 2022. Approximately $13.0 million and $12.2 million of service fee and commission revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 was included in deferred service fees as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Deferred contract costs

Deferred contract costs represent the deferred of incremental costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer.  Incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer primarily include sales commissions.  The Company capitalizes costs incurred to fulfill a contract if the costs are identifiable, generate or enhance resources used to satisfy future performance obligations and are expected to be recovered.  Costs to fulfill a contract include labor costs for set-up activities directly related to the acquisition of vehicle service agreements.  Contract costs are deferred and amortized over the expected customer relationship period consistent with the pattern in which the related revenues are earned.  Amortization of deferred contract costs are recorded in general and administrative expenses in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations.  No impairment charges related to deferred contract costs were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021.

The deferred contract costs balances and related amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 are comprised as follows:

NOTE 13 INCOME TAXES

Income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 varies from the amount that would result by applying the applicable U.S. federal corporate income tax rate of 21% to loss from continuing operations before income tax benefit. The following table summarizes the differences: