Item 1.
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Description of Business
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BUSINESS OF AMERICASBANK CORP.
AND AMERICASBANK
We were incorporated in June 1996 as a Maryland corporation to become a single-bank holding company by acquiring all
of the capital stock of AmericasBank, a federal stock savings bank, upon its formation. AmericasBank commenced operations in December 1997 with $3.0 million in capital and one office located in the Highlandtown area of the City of Baltimore,
Maryland. Also in December 1997, AmericasBank acquired certain loans and other assets and assumed certain deposits and other liabilities primarily related to the Baltimore, Maryland branch office of Rushmore Trust & Savings, FSB.
AmericasBank commenced operations from Rushmores former Baltimore, Maryland, branch office.
In September 1999, AmericasBank
(i) converted from a federal stock savings bank to a Maryland-chartered trust company exercising the powers of a commercial bank; (ii) became a member bank of the Federal Reserve System; and (iii) opened a Towson office, with that
office becoming its main office location and the Baltimore office becoming a branch office. AmericasBank converted to a Maryland commercial bank so that it could expand its lending activities to include commercial loans and consumer loans without
being subject to the limitations imposed under a federal thrift charter.
AmericasBank attracts deposits from the general public and uses
these funds to originate loans secured by real estate located in its market area. Our real estate loans include construction and land development loans, commercial loans, including commercial loans and loans secured by single-family or multi-family
properties, including home equity loans. To a lesser extent, we originate installment loans and commercial loans.
AmericasBank is subject
to regulation, supervision and regular examination by the Maryland Commissioner of Financial Regulation and the Federal Reserve Board. The regulations of these various agencies govern most aspects of AmericasBanks business, including required
reserves against deposits, loans, investments, mergers and acquisitions, borrowing, dividends and location and number of branch offices. The laws and regulations governing AmericasBank generally have been promulgated to protect depositors and the
deposit insurance funds, and not for the purpose of protecting shareholders.
Location and Market Area
AmericasBank has three banking centers located in the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland in Towson, and in the county seat of Anne Arundel County,
Maryland in Annapolis, and in the Highlandtown area of the City of Baltimore, Maryland. AmericasBank also has loan origination offices in Towson, Annapolis and Frederick, Maryland.
On September 10, 2007, the Annapolis banking center opened under the trade name of Annapolis Community Bank. Also in the third quarter of 2007, we
began operating our banking center in Towson under the trade name of Towson Community Bank. Both Annapolis Community Bank and Towson Community Bank are divisions of AmericasBank.
We consider our primary market area to be Northern Baltimore County, Maryland and the Highlandtown area of the city of Baltimore. We expect that
Annapolis, Maryland will become a primary area for us as our lending and deposit activities in the market increase, although we recently commenced operations in that market. Our secondary market area includes the Baltimore Metropolitan Area,
consisting of Baltimore City and the surrounding counties of Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard, and Frederick County, Maryland and south-central Pennsylvania. The economy of our market area is diversified, with a mix of services,
manufacturing, wholesale/retail trade and federal and local government. Manufacturing in the market area is dominated by high technology, particularly within the defense industry. Similar to national trends, most of the job growth in our market area
has been realized in service related industries, and service jobs account for the largest portion of the workforce.
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Our market enjoys the benefits of its close proximity to the Washington, D.C. market. Baltimore is well
positioned along the I-95 corridor and is seeing solid increases in business growth, particularly in the service and tech sectors. Our headquarters are within 15 miles of the BWI Thurgood Marshall Airport and 45 miles of Ronald Reagan Washington
National Airport.
The regional economy is perennially strong and diverse, boasts consistently high job growth and low unemployment and is
increasingly small business oriented. Baltimore County is home to two of the federal governments largest headquarters, the U.S. Social Security Administration and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The region also has a vibrant
biotechnology and medical industry, including six major hospitals operating in our primary market. The medical industry, information technology, and tourism are all major growth industries for the region. The Port of Baltimore is one of the largest
ports in the country. The region has over 25 colleges and universities, including some of the highest ranked in the country.
Lending Activities
General
AmericasBanks primary source of income is generated from the interest earned on its loan portfolio and fees generated from its lending activities. We focus our lending activities on residential mortgage lending, where the majority of
loans are secured by one-to-four family residential properties, including both owner occupied and investment properties. We also emphasize commercial mortgage loans and commercial loans extended for general business purposes to small and medium-size
businesses in our primary market area and home equity loans.
Residential mortgage lending includes long-term conventional and
non-conforming mortgages originated for our portfolio or for sale into the secondary market, adjustable rate mortgages, loans to homeowners or small builders and developers for the acquisition, construction or rehabilitation of single-family homes
and lot loans. Commercial mortgage loans include loans for the acquisition/development, construction or rehabilitation of commercial, multi-family or residential real property. We intend to aggressively pursue commercial lending opportunities where
the loan relationships provide us with opportunities to develop high volume depository relationships. We expect the principals of the businesses we finance to personally guaranty their commercial loans. We believe that consumer installment loans and
home equity loans serve to provide further diversification and support our retail banking platform.
Credit Policies and Administration
Our president, senior lending officer, and banking center executives are primarily responsible for originating and maintaining a high
quality, diversified loan portfolio. We have adopted loan policies and underwriting standards for the types of lending we engage in or plan to engage in. These policies establish guidelines that govern our lending activities. Generally, they address
such things as our desired target markets, underwriting and collateral requirements, account management procedures, loan approval procedures, handling of delinquent accounts and compliance with regulatory requirements.
Loan Solicitation and Processing
Loan originations are derived from a number of sources. Residential loan originations can be attributed to direct solicitation by AmericasBanks loan officers based on referrals from present depositors and borrowers,
AmericasBanks directors, builders, real estate agents, attorneys, accountants and walk-in customers; and indirectly through other lenders, including other community banks, credit unions, and mortgage brokers. Consumer and commercial real
estate loan originations emanate from many of the same sources. Commercial loan opportunities can be referred to the bank but are just as likely to result from highly targeted direct calling efforts by bank officers.
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The loan underwriting policies and procedures followed by AmericasBank are designed to comply with
(i) federal and state banking laws, regulations and guidelines; (ii) widely accepted automated underwriting programs, and (iii) the banks independent assessment of the borrowers character, ability to service the debt and
the value of any assets or property serving as collateral for the loan. Upon receipt of the borrowers application for a loan, AmericasBank then obtains reports with respect to the borrowers credit record, and orders and reviews an
appraisal of any real estate collateral for the loan (prepared for AmericasBank through an independent appraiser). Once all pertinent information has been obtained and verified, the loan request is submitted to a final review process. As part of the
loan approval process, certain loans require approval of AmericasBanks loan committee which is comprised of our president, senior lending officer and independent members of our board of directors. The loan committee meets as is deemed
necessary to promptly service loan demand. All loans made to executive officers, directors and their affiliates require the approval of the entire board of directors (other than the interested party).
Residential Real Estate
Residential
real estate loans are loans secured by one-to-four family residences made to homeowners or investors. We originate conforming and non-conforming real estate loans for sale in the secondary market. We also originate non-conforming loans to hold in
our loan portfolio. Residential real estate loans may be fixed rate mortgages or adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs).
The
interest rate on ARMs is based on the weekly average rate of comparable term U.S. Treasury securities adjusted to a constant maturity plus a spread with specified minimum and maximum interest rate adjustments. The interest rates on a majority
of these mortgages are adjusted between one year and five years with limitations on upward adjustments of 2% per adjustment period and 6% over the life of the loan. We will generally charge a higher interest rate if the property is not
owner-occupied.
ARMs are generally underwritten according to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac guidelines using one of several automated
underwriting tools now widely accepted in the industry. However, depending on the circumstances, we may also originate ARMs that do not conform to secondary market guidelines. The volume of ARMs that we originate depends in large part on interest
rates. During periods of generally low interest rates, there is a heightened demand for long-term fixed-rate mortgages and a reduced demand for ARMs. In contrast, during periods of rising or higher long term rates, there is generally an increased
demand for ARMs and a reduced demand for long-term fixed-rate mortgages.
The non-conforming fixed rate mortgage loans that we make are
generally amortized over fifteen to thirty years, but because our funding is of shorter duration, the fixed rate term generally is from one to five years, depending on individual loan circumstances. These loans customarily include a due on
sale clause giving AmericasBank the right to declare a loan immediately due and payable in the event, among other matters, that the borrower sells or otherwise disposes of the real property subject to the mortgage.
In general, our ARMs and non-conforming fixed-rate mortgages have a loan to value ratio of less than or equal to 80%. However, we may lend up to 95% of
the value of the property collateralizing the loan if the borrower procures private mortgage insurance. We procure (at the expense of the borrower) lenders title insurance on mortgage loans and require the borrower to provide fire and extended
casualty insurance and, where required by applicable regulations, flood insurance. In the event that a borrower fails to pay premiums on fire and other hazard insurance policies, AmericasBank may cause insurance to be placed on the property.
These loans fall into the loan types described below.
Conforming Long-Term Fixed-Rate and Adjustable-Rate Mortgages Originated for Sale:
To generate fee income, we focus our efforts on fixed-rate and adjustable rate conventional residential mortgage loans that can
be sold in the secondary market on a servicing released basis. Secondary market activity is conducted either as a broker, where the loan is funded at settlement by an investor and the bank earns a fee, or as correspondent, where the bank funds the
loan at settlement and thereafter sells the loan to an investor, on a servicing released basis, and recognizes a gain on the sale. We have entered into agreements with several large financial institutions where they either close loans that we broker
or they purchase loans where we act as a correspondent lender. In either case, the
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loan must meet the underwriting standards of the closing or purchasing financial institution. In cases where we act as a correspondent lender, the purchase
price is locked in with the purchasing investor at the time the borrower locks in his or her interest rate. Rate lock commitments on loans held for sale are considered to be derivatives. The period of time between issuance of a loan commitment and
closing and sale of the loan generally ranges from 15 to 60 days. We protect the Company from changes in interest rates through the use of best efforts forward delivery commitments. We commit to sell a loan at the time the borrower commits to an
interest rate so that the eventual buyer has assumed interest rate risk on the loan. As a result, we are not exposed to losses nor do we realize gains related to our rate lock commitments due to changes in interest rates. Typically, loans originated
for sale are delivered to the investor within two to three weeks of closing with the borrower, with settlement with the investor occurring within one to three weeks after delivery. During this three to six week period, we recognize these loans as
mortgages held for sale and we service the loans. We have not contracted with and do not intend to contract with any entity to service the loans that we hold for sale.
With respect to our secondary market activity, we focus on acting as a correspondent lender whenever possible because the fees and income that can be generated as a correspondent lender are typically greater than can
be generated as a loan broker. However, there are greater compliance requirements and risks associated with acting as a correspondent lender. As a result, the volume of loans originated for sale need to increase to a sufficient volume to enable us
to manage the additional compliance requirements and risks in a cost effective manner.
Maintaining a high level of broker fee income and
gains from the sale of mortgages depends primarily on continuing to originate mortgage loans at similar volume levels. This may prove difficult because production levels are sensitive to changes in economic conditions and can suffer from decreased
economic activity, a slowdown in the housing market or higher interest rates. Generally, any sustained period of decreased economic activity or higher interest rates could adversely affect our mortgage originations and, consequently, reduce our
income from mortgage banking activities. As a result, these conditions may adversely affect our net income. We attempt to mitigate our risks by offering adjustable rate mortgage products which typically have lower interest rates, pursuing purchase
money mortgage transactions and expanding our loan origination staff.
In addition, mortgage banking activities generally involve risks of
loss if secondary mortgage market interest rates increase substantially while a loan is in the pipeline (the period beginning with the application to make or the commitment to purchase a loan and ending with the sale of the loan). Our
policy is to reduce this interest rate risk by selling each mortgage loan when the borrower locks in the interest rate on the loan.
Non-Conforming Adjustable Rate and Fixed Rate Balloon Mortgages:
Our residential mortgage lending also includes originating non-conforming adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) and fixed-rate balloon mortgages for our own portfolio.
Generally, the non-conforming ARMs and fixed rate balloon mortgages retained in our portfolio are to homeowners who do not intend to hold the property long-term or who are seeking interim financing with an objective to seek longer-term financing at
a more suitable time. These types of loans are also used to accommodate homeowners who may not meet the underwriting criteria of strict secondary market standards (but still meet credit standards). We believe that many of the loans that convert will
be re-financed by long term fixed-rate mortgages, which will be sold in the secondary market, providing us with the opportunity to generate additional fee income from these borrowers.
Non-amortizing or Interest Only Loans:
Consumer interest in non-amortizing or interest only residential mortgage loans has increased in recent
years in response to escalating home prices and expanding consumer debt obligations. We view this trend as an evolution and many institutional investor and government agencies now offer interest only loan programs. We originate interest only loans
for sale and for our portfolio based on the underwriting criteria of our secondary market investors or under our own loan policies. Generally, non-amortizing or interest only loans originated for our portfolio have lower loan to value ratios (less
than 80% of the purchase price or appraised value) or have other credit enhancements, such as higher credit scores, balloon payments or the pledge of additional collateral. We have established portfolio limits for non-amortizing or interest only
loans equal to 100% of our regulatory capital. This limit does not apply to loans with a balloon maturity of 3 years or less or to loans with less than a 75% loan to value ratio. The amount of non-amortizing or interest only loans outstanding at
December 31, 2007, was approximately $6.1 million.
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Construction and Land Development (Acquisition, Development and Construction)
Our residential mortgage division may directly and indirectly originate loans to individuals to finance the acquisition of a building lot and/or the
construction of a single-family dwelling, or the acquisition of an existing home that needs substantial physical renovation or reconstruction. Most of the residential construction loans are made to individuals who intend to build a single family
home on an appropriately zoned building lot that will be owner occupied upon completion of construction. However, in mature housing markets, we believe there is a growing opportunity to provide acquisition and construction financing for the purpose
of substantially rehabilitating existing residential property (rehab loans).
Construction and rehab loans are underwritten and
managed based on written construction loan policies and procedures. Generally, we make loans in amounts up to 80% of appraised value, not to exceed 100% of cost with terms from four months to twenty-four months depending on the property. In the case
of new construction, loan proceeds are disbursed in increments based on approved draw schedules and advanced based on completed work as certified by site inspections. In the case of rehab loans, loan proceeds may be disbursed at completion or under
approved draw schedules as certified by site improvements depending on the scope of renovations required.
Construction and rehab loans
generally involve a higher degree of risk than conventional mortgage loans. Our risk of loss on a construction or rehab loan is dependent largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the propertys value at the completion of
construction and the estimated cost (including interest) of construction. If the estimate of construction cost proves to be inaccurate, we could be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed in order to facilitate completion of
the project. If the estimate of anticipated value proves to be inaccurate, the value of our collateral may be insufficient to assure full repayment. We mitigate this risk somewhat by requiring physical inspection of the property by an approved
inspector prior to advancing each draw request to ensure sufficient value has been created to support the advance.
In addition to
construction loans and rehab loans to individuals, we may also extend construction and rehab loans to builders to erect single-family dwellings or to builders or investors to rehabilitate single-family dwellings for resale or to be held as
investment properties.
Commercial, Including Real Estate
Commercial Lending:
AmericasBank offers a variety of commercial loan products. A broad range of short-to-medium term commercial loans, both
collateralized and uncollateralized, are made available to businesses for working capital (including inventory and receivables), business expansion and the purchase of equipment and machinery. The purpose of a particular loan generally determines
its structure.
Commercial loans are almost always generated from within our primary market area. Our loans are underwritten on the basis
of the borrowers ability to service the debt from income. As a general practice, AmericasBank takes as collateral a security interest in available real estate, equipment or other chattel, although such loans may be made on an uncollateralized
basis. Collateralized working capital loans are primarily secured by current assets whereas term loans are primarily collateralized by fixed assets.
Unlike residential mortgage loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrowers credit history and ability to make payments from his or her employment and other income, and which are collateralized by
real property whose value tends to be easily ascertainable, commercial loans typically are made on the basis of the borrowers ability to make payments from the cash flow of the business, which is more variable and difficult to project.
Commercial loans generally are collateralized by business assets, such as accounts receivable, equipment, and inventory. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial loans may be substantially dependent on the success of
the business itself. Further, the collateral underlying commercial loans may depreciate over time, generally cannot be appraised with as much precision as residential real estate, and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business.
Commercial Mortgage Loans:
AmericasBank has a portfolio of commercial mortgage loans, and views expanding this kind of lending as a
necessary and desirable activity. Loans are made to purchase or refinance both
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investment properties and owner-occupied real estate. The Bank requires an independent appraisal of each property and limits its loan to 80% or less of
appraised value. Title insurance is required on each property. Loans are generally structured as fixed rate loans with fifteen to thirty year amortizations, with a thirty-six to sixty month rate call or maturity, with pricing based on a spread over
constant yield of treasury securities of similar duration. Repayment on these loans depends to a large degree on the results of operations and management of the properties, and repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real
estate market or the economy.
Underwriting of these loans is based on the borrowers capacity to service the loan after all expenses
related to the real estate. If the property is an investment property, we look at the quality of the tenants and the length and terms of the leases as the borrowers primary source of repayment. These loans are typically guaranteed by the
individual(s) who are the owners or partners in the entity that owns the property. If the property is the place of business of a company affiliated with the borrower, the loan typically is guaranteed by the owner(s) of the property and the
affiliated company that occupies the building.
We also originate lines of credit to builders or developers for the acquisition and
development of raw land or for the acquisition of approved building lots. The financing provided for these purposes is speculative and typically includes provisions that restrict the number of lots and speculative units that can be financed under
the facility. These types of loans generally have terms of eighteen to thirty-six months.
Commercial Finance Leasing
AmericasBank has invested in a portfolio of indirect, full pay-out lease transactions that are structured as multiple non-recourse fixed-rate loans to two
leasing companies. Each loan is secured by an assignment of the leasing companys interest in a full pay-out lease, an assignment of the lease payments under that lease, delivery of the original lease documents and a security interest in the
underlying equipment. A default under an individual lease will not trigger a default under any other lease and the loans are not cross-collateralized. Because of their structure, throughout this report, we have described these loans as commercial
finance leases. The commercial finance lease portfolio as a percentage of total loans and leases has decreased to 0.33% on December 31, 2007, from 1.29% on December 31, 2006.
We independently evaluate the creditworthiness of each lessee before extending credit in these transactions through, among other things, credit
applications, financial statements and credit reports of the lessees and any guarantor of the lessees obligations, as well as copies of the invoices for the assets being leased. In general, the risks of this type of lending are substantially
similar to that of commercial lending. Our collateral in these transactions generally includes construction, manufacturing and industrial equipment; office furniture, fixtures and equipment; data processing assets, including computer equipment; and
medical and engineering equipment. Unlike commercial lending, our loans in these transactions may, depending upon the quality and pricing of the credit, exceed the purchase price of the equipment by up to 15% for soft costs, taxes and similar
expenses that are related to the assets being leased. The terms of these loans are generally not greater than the useful life of the assets being leased, and often are for a shorter term. Our self-imposed credit limit for these transactions is
$300,000 and our interest rate, which is fixed over the term of the loan, is based on the underlying credit of the lessee and the term of the lease.
Pursuant to an agency agreement with each leasing company, the leasing company collects all lease payments and services the leases. We monitor payment by contacting the leasing company whenever a payment is more than
15 days past due. The agency agreement may be terminated by either party upon five days notice. Upon a termination, we would assume servicing obligations under the leases. Also, pursuant to the agency agreement, we have agreed to reimburse the
leasing company for all collection costs and expenses.
Home Equity
Growth in the consumer loan portfolio has been in home equity lines of credit and amortizing fixed rate second mortgage loans. These are desirable loan
types because they are secured by 1-4 family properties and can be originated by our mortgage lending division. The interest rate on home equity loans is variable and indexed to the prime lending rate, however we give our borrowers the option to fix
the rate on all or a portion of their home equity balance for up to five years. The interest rate on second mortgage loans is fixed generally for the life of the loan.
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Installment Loans
Our consumer loan portfolio consists of installment loans to individuals for various consumer purposes, including the purchase automobiles, recreation vehicles and boats. The installment period for these loans will
depend on the purpose and the asset securing the loan, but are generally for terms of less than ten years.
Installment loans are
attractive to us because they provide a stable source of income and they serve to build loyalty between the bank and its retail customer base. Installment loans have higher delinquency and default rates when compared to residential mortgage loans.
There is a high reliance on employment stability and personal debt management in consumer installment lending since the collateral may be of reduced value at the time of collection. Accordingly, the initial determination of the borrowers
ability to repay, as indicated by past credit management, stability of employment and debt ratios, is of primary importance in the underwriting of consumer loans.
Deposit Activities
AmericasBank offers a wide range of interest bearing and noninterest bearing deposit accounts, including
commercial and retail checking accounts, money market accounts, tax deferred accounts, interest bearing statement savings accounts and certificates of deposit with fixed and variable rates and a range of maturity date options.
Deposit terms vary according to the minimum balance required, the length of time the funds must remain on deposit and the interest rate. We establish
maturities, terms, service fees and withdrawal penalties for deposit accounts on a periodic basis. In determining the characteristics of our deposit accounts, we consider the rates offered by competing institutions, lending and liquidity
requirements, growth goals and federal regulations. We believe that we pay competitive rates on our deposit accounts.
Other Banking Products
Currently, our customers have access to telephone banking, Internet banking, ATM/debit cards, safe deposit boxes (from the Towson and
Annapolis locations), wire transfers, ACH, and direct deposit of payroll. We provide our customers with check imaging, which eliminates our cost of returning checks to customers and the clutter that cancelled checks cause to our customers. We have
ATM machines at our Towson and Highlandtown locations.
We offer our commercial customers expanded cash management services such as sweep
accounts, repurchase agreements and account reconciliation services.
We intend to continue to use the Internet and technology to augment
our business plans. Moreover, we will continue to evaluate cost effective ways that technology can enhance our cash management products and services. We believe that our data processing capability, provided through a third party vendor, will be
adequate to support the introduction of new products and services.
Competition
The banking business is highly competitive. We compete with other commercial banks, savings associations, credit unions, mortgage banking firms, consumer
finance companies, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market mutual funds and other financial institutions operating in our market area and elsewhere.
We believe that, over time, we will be able to effectively leverage our talents, contacts and locations to achieve accelerated loan growth, an increase in noninterest revenue and an improved net interest margin.
However, our market area is highly competitive and heavily branched. Price competition in our market area for residential mortgage loans and the other loan products that we offer or intend to offer is intense. Most of our competitors have
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substantially greater resources and legal lending limits than we do and offer extensive and established branch networks and other services that we do not
offer. Moreover, larger institutions operating in our market area have access to borrowed funds at a lower rate than is available to us. Deposit competition also is strong among institutions in our market area.
Employees
As of March 14, 2008, AmericasBank
had 49 full time employees. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe that relations with our employees are good. AmericasBank Corp. has no employees.
On December 16, 2005, we entered into a client service agreement with Administaff Companies II, L.P. (Administaff), a professional
employer organization that will serve as our off-site, full service human resource department. Administaff personnel management services are delivered by entering into a co-employment relationship with our employees.
SUPERVISION AND REGULATION
AmericasBank Corp. and AmericasBank are subject to extensive regulation under state and federal banking laws and regulations. These laws impose specific requirements and restrictions on virtually all aspects of operations and generally are
intended to protect depositors, not shareholders. The following discussion is only a summary and readers should refer to particular statutory and regulatory provisions for more detailed information. In addition, management cannot predict the nature
or the extent of the effect on business and earnings that new federal or state legislation may have in the future.
Regulation of AmericasBank Corp.
AmericasBank Corp. is a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. As such, AmericasBank Corp. is
subject to regulation and examination by the Federal Reserve Board, and is required to file periodic reports and any additional information that the Federal Reserve Board may require. The Bank Holding Company Act generally prohibits a bank holding
company from engaging in activities other than banking, managing or controlling banks or other permissible subsidiaries and acquiring or retaining direct or indirect control of any company engaged in any activities closely related to banking or
managing or controlling banks.
The Federal Reserve Board is required to approve, among other things, the acquisition by a proposed bank
holding company of control of more than five percent (5%) of the voting shares, or substantially all the assets, of any bank, or the merger or consolidation by a bank holding company with another bank holding company. The Riegle-Neal Interstate
Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 (the Riegle-Neal Act) repealed many of the restrictions on interstate acquisitions of banks by bank holding companies in September, 1995. As a result of the Riegle-Neal Act, subject to certain
time and deposit base requirements, we can acquire a bank located in Maryland or any other state, and a bank holding company located outside of Maryland can acquire any Maryland-based bank holding company or bank.
Subsidiary banks of a bank holding company are subject to certain restrictions imposed by statute on any extensions of credit to the bank holding company
or any of its subsidiaries, or investments in their stock or other securities, and on taking such stock or securities as collateral for loans to any borrower. Further, a bank holding company and any of its subsidiary banks are prohibited from
engaging in certain tie-in arrangements in connection with the extension of credit. In 1997, the Federal Reserve Board adopted amendments to its Regulation Y, creating exceptions to the Bank Holding Company Acts anti-tying prohibitions that
give bank subsidiaries of holding companies greater flexibility in packaging products and services with their affiliates.
In accordance
with Federal Reserve Board policy, AmericasBank Corp. is expected to act as a source of financial strength to AmericasBank and to commit resources to support AmericasBank in circumstances in which AmericasBank Corp. might not otherwise do so. The
Federal Reserve Board may require a bank holding company to terminate any activity or relinquish control of a non-bank subsidiary (other than a non-bank subsidiary of a bank)
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upon the Federal Reserves determination that such activity or control constitutes a serious risk to the financial soundness or stability of any
subsidiary depository institution of the bank holding company. Further, federal bank regulatory authorities have additional discretion to require a bank holding company to divest itself of any bank or non-bank subsidiary if the agency determines
that divestiture may aid the depository institutions financial condition.
The Federal Reserve Board has established capital
requirements for bank holding companies generally similar to the capital requirements for state member banks. Formerly, these were applied to bank holding companies with total assets of $150 million or above, including AmericasBank Corp. However, in
2006, the Federal Reserve Board raised the threshold for the applicability of its capital requirements to a $500 million asset size except where AmericasBank Corp. (i) engages in significant non-banking activities; (ii) conducts
significant off balance sheet activities or has a material amount of debt or equity securities outstanding registered with the Securities Exchange Commission. The Federal Reserve Board has reserved the right to apply its requirements to bank holding
companies of any size when required for supervisory purposes.
The Federal Reserve Board has issued a policy statement on the payment of
cash dividends by bank holding companies, which expresses the Federal Reserve Boards view that a bank holding company should pay cash dividends only to the extent that AmericasBank Corp.s net income for the past year is sufficient to
cover both the cash dividends and a rate of earning retention that is consistent with AmericasBank Corp.s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The Federal Reserve Board also indicated that it would be inappropriate for
a company experiencing serious financial problems to borrow funds to pay dividends. Furthermore, under the prompt corrective action regulations adopted by the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Reserve Board may prohibit a bank holding company from
paying any dividends if the holding companys bank subsidiary is classified as undercapitalized.
On November 12,
1999, President Clinton signed into law the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA). Effective March 11, 2000, pursuant to authority granted under the GLBA, a bank holding company may elect to become a financial holding company and thereby
engage in a broader range of financial and other activities than are permissible for traditional bank holding companies. In order to qualify for the election, all of the depository institution subsidiaries of the bank holding company must be well
capitalized and well managed, as defined by regulation, and all of its depository institution subsidiaries must have achieved a rating of satisfactory or better with respect to meeting community credit needs.
Pursuant to the GLBA, financial holding companies are permitted to engage in activities that are financial in nature or incidental or
complementary thereto and not a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of the depository institution or the financial system in general, as determined by the Federal Reserve Board. The GLBA identifies several activities as financial in
nature, including, among others, insurance underwriting and agency, investment advisory services, merchant banking and underwriting, and dealing or making a market in securities. Being designated a financial holding company will allow
insurance companies, securities brokers and other types of financial companies to affiliate with and/or acquire depository institutions. AmericasBank Corp. does not currently intend to become a financial holding company.
Under Maryland law, an existing bank holding company that desires to acquire a Maryland state-chartered bank or trust company, a federally-chartered bank
with its main office in Maryland, or a bank holding company that has its principal place of business in Maryland, must file an application with the Maryland Commissioner of Financial Regulation. In approving the application, the Maryland
Commissioner of Financial Regulation must consider whether the acquisition may be detrimental to the safety and soundness of the entity being acquired or whether the acquisition may result in an undue concentration of resources or a substantial
reduction in competition in Maryland. The Maryland Commissioner of Financial Regulation may not approve an acquisition if, on consummation of the transaction, the acquiring company, together with all its insured depository institution affiliates,
would control 30% or more of the total amount of deposits of insured depository institutions in Maryland. The Maryland Commissioner of Financial Regulation has authority to adopt by regulation a procedure to waive this requirement for good cause. In
a transaction for which approval of the Maryland Commissioner of Financial Regulation is not required due to an exemption under Maryland law, or for which federal law authorizes the transaction without application to the Maryland Commissioner of
Financial Regulation, the parties to the acquisition must provide written notice to the Maryland Commissioner of Financial Regulation at least 15 days before the effective date of the transaction.
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As a bank holding company, AmericasBank Corp. is required to give the Federal Reserve Board prior written
notice of any purchase or redemption of its outstanding equity securities if the gross consideration for the purchase or redemption, when combined with the net consideration paid for all such purchases or redemptions during the preceding 12 months,
is equal to 10% or more of AmericasBank Corp.s consolidated net worth. The Federal Reserve Board may disapprove such a purchase or redemption if it determines that the proposal would violate any law, regulation, Federal Reserve Board order,
directive, or any condition imposed by, or written agreement with, the Federal Reserve Board. This requirement does not apply to bank holding companies that are well capitalized, received one of the two highest examination ratings at
their last examination and are not the subject of any unresolved supervisory issues.
The status of AmericasBank Corp. as a registered bank
holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act and a Maryland-chartered bank holding company does not exempt it from certain federal and state laws and regulations applicable to corporations generally, including, without limitation, certain
provisions of the federal securities laws.
Regulation of AmericasBank
AmericasBank is a Maryland chartered trust company (with all powers of a commercial bank), and a member of the Federal Reserve System (a state member bank) and its deposit accounts are insured by the
Deposit Insurance Fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the FDIC) up to the maximum legal limits of the FDIC. It is subject to regulation, supervision and regular examination by the Maryland Commissioner of Financial
Regulation and the Federal Reserve Board. The regulations of these various agencies govern most aspects of AmericasBanks business, including required reserves against deposits, loans, investments, mergers and acquisitions, borrowing, dividends
and location and number of branch offices. The laws and regulations governing AmericasBank generally have been promulgated to protect depositors and the deposit insurance funds, and not for the purpose of protecting shareholders.
Branching and Interstate Banking
The
federal banking agencies are authorized to approve interstate bank merger transactions without regard to whether such transactions are prohibited by the law of any state, unless the home state of one of the banks has opted out of the interstate bank
merger provisions of the Riegle-Neal Act by adopting a law after the date of enactment of the Riegle-Neal Act and prior to June 1, 1997, which applies equally to all out-of-state banks and expressly prohibits merger transactions involving
out-of-state banks. Interstate acquisitions of branches are permitted only if the law of the state in which the branch is located permits such acquisitions. Such interstate bank mergers and branch acquisitions are also subject to the nationwide and
statewide insured deposit concentration limitations described in the Riegle-Neal Act.
The Riegle-Neal Act authorizes the federal banking
agencies to approve interstate branching de novo by national and state banks in states that specifically allow for such branching. The District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia have all enacted laws that permit interstate acquisitions of banks and
bank branches and permit out-of-state banks to establish de novo branches.
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
The GLBA altered substantially the statutory framework for providing banking and other financial services in the United States of America. The GLBA, among
other things, eliminated many of the restrictions on affiliations among banks and securities firms, insurance firms, and other financial service providers.
The GLBA also provides protections against the transfer and use by financial institutions of consumers nonpublic personal information. A financial institution must provide to its customers, at the beginning of
the customer relationship and annually thereafter, the institutions policies and procedures regarding the handling of
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customers nonpublic personal financial information. The privacy provisions generally prohibit a financial institution from providing a customers
personal financial information to unaffiliated third parties unless the institution discloses to the customer that the information may be so provided and the customer is given the opportunity to opt out of such disclosure.
Capital Adequacy Guidelines
The
Federal Reserve Board has adopted risk based capital adequacy guidelines pursuant to which it assesses the adequacy of capital in examining and supervising banks and in analyzing bank regulatory applications. Risk-based capital requirements
determine the adequacy of capital based on the risk inherent in various classes of assets and off-balance sheet items.
State member banks
are expected to meet a minimum ratio of total qualifying capital (the sum of core capital (Tier 1) and supplementary capital (Tier 2)) to risk weighted assets of 8%. At least half of this amount (4%) should be in the form of core capital. In
general, this requirement is similar to the capital that a bank must have in order to be considered adequately capitalized under the prompt corrective action regulations. See - Prompt Corrective Action. AmericasBank
currently complies with this minimum requirement.
Tier 1 Capital generally consists of the sum of common stockholders equity and
perpetual preferred stock (subject in the case of the latter to limitations on the kind and amount of such stock which may be included as Tier 1 Capital), less goodwill. Tier 2 Capital consists of the following, among other things: hybrid capital
instruments; perpetual preferred stock which is not otherwise eligible to be included as Tier 1 Capital; term subordinated debt and intermediate-term preferred stock; and, subject to limitations, general allowances for loan losses. Assets are
adjusted under the risk-based guidelines to take into account different risk characteristics, with the categories ranging from 0% (requiring no risk-based capital) for assets such as cash, to 100% for the bulk of assets which are typically held by a
commercial bank, including certain multi-family residential and commercial real estate loans, commercial business loans and consumer loans. Residential first mortgage loans on one-to-four family residential real estate and certain seasoned
multi-family residential real estate loans, which are not 90 days or more past-due or non-performing and which have been made in accordance with prudent underwriting standards are assigned a 50% level in the risk-weighing system, as are certain
privately-issued mortgage-backed securities representing indirect ownership of such loans. Off-balance sheet items also are adjusted to take into account certain risk characteristics.
In addition to the risk-based capital requirements, the Federal Reserve Board has established a minimum 3.0% Leverage Capital Ratio (Tier 1 Capital to
total adjusted assets) requirement for the most highly-rated banks. For all other banks, the minimum Leverage Capital Ratio is 4.0%. The highest-rated banks are those that are not anticipating or experiencing significant growth and have well
diversified risk, including no undue interest rate risk exposure, excellent asset quality, high liquidity, good earnings and, in general, those which are considered a strong banking organization and have received the highest examination ratings. A
bank having less than the minimum Leverage Capital Ratio requirement shall, within 60 days of the date as of which it fails to comply with such requirement, submit a reasonable plan describing the means and timing by which the bank shall achieve its
minimum Leverage Capital Ratio requirement. A bank which fails to file such plan is deemed to be operating in an unsafe and unsound manner, and could be subject to a cease-and-desist order. Any insured depository institution with a Leverage Capital
Ratio that is less than 2.0% is deemed to be operating in an unsafe or unsound condition pursuant to Section 8(a) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the FDIA) and is subject to potential termination of deposit insurance. However,
such an institution will not be subject to an enforcement proceeding solely on account of its capital ratios if it has entered into and is in compliance with a written agreement to increase its Leverage Capital Ratio and to take such other action as
may be necessary for the institution to be operated in a safe and sound manner. The capital regulations also provide, among other things, for the issuance of a capital directive, which is a final order issued to a bank that fails to maintain minimum
capital or to restore its capital to the minimum capital requirement within a specified time period. The Federal Reserve Board has authority to impose higher capital requirements for individual banks if it determines that it is necessary based on
the banks particular risk profile.
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Prompt Corrective Action
Under Section 38 of the FDIA, each federal banking agency is required to implement a system of prompt corrective action for institutions that it
regulates. The federal banking agencies have promulgated substantially similar regulations to implement the system of prompt corrective action established by Section 38 of the FDIA. Under the regulations, a bank will be deemed to be:
(i) well capitalized if it has a Total Risk Based Capital Ratio of 10.0% or more, a Tier 1 Risk Based Capital Ratio of 6.0% or more, a Leverage Capital Ratio of 5.0% or more and is not subject to any written capital order or
directive; (ii) adequately capitalized if it has a Total Risk Based Capital Ratio of 8.0% or more, a Tier 1 Risk Based Capital Ratio of 4.0% or more and a Tier 1 Leverage Capital Ratio of 4.0% or more (3.0% under certain
circumstances) and does not meet the definition of well capitalized; (iii) undercapitalized if it has a Total Risk Based Capital Ratio that is less than 8.0%, a Tier 1 Risk based Capital Ratio that is less than 4.0% or a
Leverage Capital Ratio that is less than 4.0% (3.0% under certain circumstances); (iv) significantly undercapitalized if it has a Total Risk Based Capital Ratio that is less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 Risk Based Capital Ratio that is less
than 3.0% or a Leverage Capital Ratio that is less than 3.0%; and (v) critically undercapitalized if it has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2.0%.
An institution generally must file a written capital restoration plan which meets specified requirements with an appropriate federal banking agency
within 45 days of the date the institution receives notice or is deemed to have notice that it is undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized. A federal banking agency must provide the institution with written
notice of approval or disapproval within 60 days after receiving a capital restoration plan, subject to extensions by the applicable agency.
An institution that is required to submit a capital restoration plan must concurrently submit a performance guaranty by each company that controls the institution. Such guaranty is limited to the lesser of (i) an amount equal to 5.0%
of the institutions total assets at the time the institution was notified or deemed to have notice that it was undercapitalized or (ii) the amount necessary at such time to restore the relevant capital measures of the institution to the
levels required for the institution to be classified as adequately capitalized. Such a guaranty shall expire after the federal banking agency notifies the institution that it has remained adequately capitalized for each of four consecutive calendar
quarters. An institution which fails to submit a written capital restoration plan within the requisite period, including any required performance guaranty, or fails in any material respect to implement a capital restoration plan, will be subject to
the restrictions in Section 38 of the FDIA which are applicable to significantly undercapitalized institutions.
A critically
undercapitalized institution is to be placed in conservatorship or receivership within 90 days unless the FDIC formally determines that forbearance from such action would better protect the deposit insurance fund. Unless the FDIC or other
appropriate federal banking regulatory agency makes specific further findings and certifies that the institution is viable and is not expected to fail, an institution that remains critically undercapitalized on average during the fourth calendar
quarter after the date it becomes critically undercapitalized must be placed in receivership. The general rule is that the FDIC will be appointed as receiver within 90 days after a bank becomes critically undercapitalized unless extremely good cause
is shown and the federal regulators agree to an extension. In general, good cause is defined as capital that has been raised and is immediately available for infusion into the bank except for certain technical requirements that may delay the
infusion for a period of time beyond the 90 day time period.
Immediately upon becoming undercapitalized, an institution will become
subject to the provisions of Section 38 of the FDIA, which (i) restrict payment of capital distributions and management fees; (ii) require that the appropriate federal banking agency monitor the condition of the institution and its
efforts to restore its capital; (iii) require submission of a capital restoration plan; (iv) restrict the growth of the institutions assets; and (v) require prior approval of certain expansion proposals. The appropriate federal
banking agency for an undercapitalized institution also may take any number of discretionary supervisory actions if the agency determines that any of these actions is necessary to resolve the problems of the institution at the least possible
long-term cost to the deposit insurance fund, subject in certain cases to specified procedures. These discretionary supervisory actions include: requiring the institution to raise additional capital, restricting transactions with affiliates,
requiring divestiture of the institution or the sale of the institution to a willing purchaser, and any other supervisory action that the agency deems appropriate. These and additional mandatory and permissive supervisory actions may be taken with
respect to significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized institutions.
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Additionally, under Section 11(c)(5) of the FDIA, a conservator or receiver may be appointed for an
institution where: (i) an institutions obligations exceed its assets; (ii) there is substantial dissipation of the institutions assets or earnings as a result of any violation of law or any unsafe or unsound practice;
(iii) the institution is in an unsafe or unsound condition; (iv) there is a willful violation of a cease-and-desist order; (v) the institution is unable to pay its obligations in the ordinary course of business; (vi) losses or
threatened losses deplete all or substantially all of an institutions capital, and there is no reasonable prospect of becoming adequately capitalized without assistance; (vii) there is any violation of law or unsafe or unsound
practice or condition that is likely to cause insolvency or substantial dissipation of assets or earnings, weaken the institutions condition, or otherwise seriously prejudice the interests of depositors or the insurance fund; (viii) an
institution ceases to be insured; (ix) the institution is undercapitalized and has no reasonable prospect that it will become adequately capitalized, fails to become adequately capitalized when required to do so, or fails to submit or
materially implement a capital restoration plan; or (x) the institution is critically undercapitalized or otherwise has substantially insufficient capital.
Currently, AmericasBank is well capitalized under the prompt corrective action regulations described above.
Regulatory Enforcement Authority
The Maryland Commissioner of Financial Regulation has extensive enforcement authority over
Maryland institutions. Such authority includes the ability to issue cease and desist orders and civil money penalties and remove officers and directors. The Commissioner may also take possession of an institution whose capital is impaired and seek
to have a receiver appointed.
Federal banking law grants substantial enforcement powers to federal banking regulators. This enforcement
authority includes, among other things, the ability to assess civil money penalties, to issue cease-and-desist or removal orders and to initiate injunctive actions against banking organizations and institution-affiliated parties. In general, these
enforcement actions may be initiated for violations of laws and regulations and unsafe or unsound practices. Other actions or inactions may provide the basis for enforcement action, including misleading or untimely reports filed with regulatory
authorities.
Deposit Insurance
AmericasBanks deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund of the FDIC. The Deposit Insurance Fund is the successor to the Bank Insurance Fund and the Savings Association Insurance Fund, which were merged
in 2006. The FDIC amended its risk-based assessment system in 2007 to implement authority granted by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (Reform Act). Under the revised system, insured institutions are assigned to one of
four risk categories based on supervisory evaluations, regulatory capital levels and certain other factors. An institutions assessment rate depends upon the category to which it is assigned. Risk Category I, which contains the least risky
depository institutions, is expected to include more than 90% of all institutions. Unlike the other categories, Risk Category I contains further risk differentiation based on the FDICs analysis of financial ratios, examination component
ratings and other information. Assessment rates are determined by the FDIC and currently range from five to seven basis points for the healthiest institutions (Risk Category I) to 43 basis points of assessable deposits for the riskiest (Risk
Category IV). The FDIC may adjust rates uniformly from one quarter to the next, except that no single adjustment can exceed three basis points. No institution may pay a dividend if in default of the FDIC assessment.
The Reform Act also provided for the possibility that the FDIC may pay dividends to insured institutions once the Deposit Insurance fund reserve ratio
equals or exceeds 1.35% of estimated insured deposits. In addition to the assessment for deposit insurance, institutions are required to make payments on bonds issued in the late 1980s by the Financing Corporation to recapitalize a predecessor
deposit insurance fund. This payment is established quarterly and during the calendar year ended December 31, 2007, averaged 1.18 basis points of assessable deposits.
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The Reform Act provided the FDIC with authority to adjust the Deposit Insurance Fund ratio to insured
deposits within a range of 1.15% and 1.50%, in contrast to the prior statutorily fixed ratio of 1.25%. The ratio, which is viewed by the FDIC as the level that the fund should achieve, was established by the agency at 1.25% for 2008, which was
unchanged from 2007.
The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments. A significant increase in insurance premiums would likely
have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of AmericasBank. Management cannot predict what insurance assessment rates will be in the future.
Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or
unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC. The management of AmericasBank does not know of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to
termination of deposit insurance.
Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders
Maryland law imposes restrictions on certain transactions with affiliates of Maryland commercial banks. Generally, under Maryland law, a director, officer
or employee of a commercial bank may not borrow, directly or indirectly, any money from the bank, unless the loan has been approved by a resolution adopted by and recorded in the minutes of the board of directors of the bank, or the executive
committee of the bank, if that committee is authorized to make loans. If the executive committee approves such a loan, the loan approval must be reported to the board of directors at its next meeting. Certain commercial loans made to directors of a
bank and certain consumer loans made to non-officer employees of the bank are exempt from the laws coverage. Federal law also imposes certain requirements and limitations on an institutions ability to lend to officers, directors, and 10%
or greater stockholders.
In addition, AmericasBank is subject to the provisions of Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act, which
limits the amount of loans or extensions of credit to, investments in, or certain other transactions with, affiliates, and limits the amount of advances to third parties collateralized by the securities or obligations of affiliates. Section 23A
limits the aggregate amount of transactions with any individual affiliate to ten percent (10%) of the capital and surplus of AmericasBank and also limits the aggregate amount of transactions with all affiliates to twenty percent (20%) of
capital and surplus. Loans and certain other extensions of credit to affiliates are required to be secured by collateral in an amount and of a type described in Section 23A, and the purchase of low quality assets from affiliates is generally
prohibited.
AmericasBank also is subject to the provisions of Section 23B of the Federal Reserve Act which, among other things,
prohibits an institution from engaging in certain transactions with certain affiliates unless the transactions are on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable to such institution and or its subsidiaries, as those prevailing at the time
for comparable transactions with non-affiliated entities. In the absence of comparable transactions, such transactions may only occur under terms and circumstances, including credit standards that in good faith would be offered to or would apply to
non-affiliated companies.
We have entered into banking transactions with our directors and executive officers and the business and
professional organizations in which they are associated in the ordinary course of business. Any loans and loan commitments are made in accordance with all applicable laws. See Item 12 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.
Loans to One Borrower
AmericasBank is subject to the statutory and regulatory limits on the extension of credit to one borrower. Generally, the maximum amount of total outstanding loans that a Maryland chartered trust company may have to any one borrower at any
one time is 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus. As of December 31, 2007, we were able to lend approximately $2.3 million to any one borrower.
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Liquidity
AmericasBank is subject to the reserve requirements imposed by the State of Maryland. A Maryland commercial bank is required to have at all times a reserve equal to at least 15% of its demand deposits and 3% of its
time deposits, subject to adjustment by the Commissioner of Financial Regulation. AmericasBank is also subject to the reserve requirements of Federal Reserve Board Regulation D, which applies to all depository institutions. Specifically, as of
December 31, 2007, amounts in transaction accounts above $8,500,000 and up to $45,800,000 must have reserves held against them in the ratio of three percent of the amount. Amounts above $45,800,000 require reserves of 10 percent of the amount
in excess of $45,800,000. The Maryland reserve requirements may be used to satisfy the requirements of Federal Reserve Regulation D. We are in compliance with our reserve requirements.
Dividends
Under Maryland law,
AmericasBank may declare a cash dividend, after providing for due or accrued expenses, losses, interest, and taxes, from its undivided profits or, with the prior approval of the Maryland Commissioner of Financial Regulation, from its surplus in
excess of 100% of its required capital stock. Also, if AmericasBanks surplus is less than 100% of its required capital stock, cash dividends may not be paid in excess of 90% of net earnings. AmericasBank will not be able to pay dividends so
long as it has an accumulated deficit. As of December 31, 2007, AmericasBank had an accumulated deficit of approximately $8.7 million. In addition to these specific restrictions, the bank regulatory agencies have the ability to prohibit or
limit proposed dividends if such regulatory agencies determine the payment of such dividends would result in AmericasBank being in an unsafe and unsound condition. Further, no bank may pay a dividend if it would fall out of compliance with any
applicable regulatory requirement on a pro forma basis.
Community Reinvestment Act
AmericasBank is required to comply with the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) regardless of its capital condition. The CRA requires that, in
connection with its examinations of AmericasBank, the Federal Reserve evaluates the record of AmericasBank in meeting the credit needs of its local community, including low and moderate income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound
operation of the institution. The CRA does not establish specific lending requirements or programs for financial institutions nor does it limit an institutions discretion to develop the types of products and services that it believes are best
suited to its particular community, consistent with the CRA. These factors are considered in evaluating mergers, acquisitions and applications to open a branch or facility. The CRA also requires all institutions to make public disclosure of their
CRA ratings. AmericasBank received a Satisfactory rating in its latest CRA examination in April 2007.
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FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the matters discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-KSB including under the captions Business of AmericasBank Corp. and
AmericasBank, Supervision and Regulation, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this annual report include forward-looking statements. These
forward-looking statements include statements regarding, among other things, profitability, liquidity, allowance for loan and lease losses, interest rate sensitivity, market risk and financial and other goals. Forward-looking statements often use
words such as believe, expect, plan, may, will, should, project, contemplate, anticipate, forecast, intend, or other
words of similar meaning. You can also identify them by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. When you read a forward-looking statement, you should keep in mind the risk factors described below and any other
information contained in this annual report which identifies a risk or uncertainty. AmericasBank Corp.s actual results and the actual outcome of AmericasBank Corp.s expectations and strategies could be different from that described in
this annual report because of these risks and uncertainties and you should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this filing, and AmericasBank Corp. undertakes no
obligation to make any revisions to the forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this filing or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
RISK FACTORS
Business Risks
We may continue to incur losses.
We are a single bank holding company and our business is owning all of the outstanding stock of AmericasBank. As a
result, our operating results and financial position depend on the operating results and financial position of AmericasBank. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, and 2003, AmericasBank Corp. incurred net losses of
$2,281,281, $430,834, $307,786, $1,533,335 and $1,118,761, respectively. AmericasBank Corp. may not achieve profitability within the time frame anticipated by management, or ever. Many factors could adversely affect our short and long term operating
performance, including the failure to implement fully our business strategy, unfavorable economic conditions, increased competition, loss of key personnel and government regulation.
We have experienced significant increases in non-performing assets and loans charged off in recent periods, which have hurt our profitability. We
expect to have further increases in non-performing assets and loans charged off in the quarter ending March 31, 2008 and beyond, which will further hurt our profitability.
At December 31, 2007, we had non-performing assets, which
includes nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest and other real estate owned, of $2,499,287, as compared to non-performing assets of $770,184 at December 31, 2006. Non-performing assets to total assets
increased to 1.71% at December 31, 2007, from 0.71% at December 31, 2006. Loans charged off, net of recoveries, increased for the year ended December 31, 2007, to $1,501,154 from a net recovery of $2,411 for the same period in 2006.
The increase in non-performing assets and charge offs significantly hurt our income, as we recorded provisions for loan and lease losses of $3,230,271 during the year ended December 31, 2007.
Approximately $1.2 million, or 70.6% of the $1.7 million increase in non-performing assets during the year ended December 31, 2007, were
attributable to loans we obtained through referrals from a single mortgage broker. Our provision for loan and lease losses during the year ended December 31, 2007, included a $2.9 million provision to cover the partial write-down of five loans,
including three loans to a related group of borrowers where we have uncovered evidence of possible fraud by outside parties against AmericasBank. The three loans were referred to us from the single mortgage broker and we have discontinued
originations of loans referred to us by that mortgage broker. The provision was also to build our allowance for loan and lease losses because of concerns about the general weakening of the residential housing market and for reserves on specific
loans.
We anticipate that non-performing assets and/or charge-offs will continue to increase during the quarter ending March 31, 2008
and beyond, reflecting weakening conditions in the real estate markets in our market area. To the extent we experience increased non-performing assets and/or charge-offs, and are required to make additional provisions to add to our allowance for
loan and lease losses, our profitability will be reduced and our stock price may be adversely affected.
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If we experience greater loan and lease losses than anticipated, it will have an adverse affect on our
ability to operate profitably.
We believe that our current allowance for loan and lease losses is adequate and that the methodology we use to assess the adequacy of our allowance for loan and lease losses is sound. While we have increased our
allowance for loan and leases losses as a percentage of total loans to 2.14% at December 31, 2007, from 1.20% at December 31, 2006, our monitoring, procedures and policies may not reduce certain lending risks and the estimates we use to
assess the adequacy of our allowance for loan and lease losses may not cover actual losses.
Because the risk inherent in our loan
and lease portfolio may change from time to time, including our actual loan losses and the volume of adversely rated credits in our portfolio, the amount of our allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of gross loans may fluctuate.
Greater than expected loan and lease losses or a change in the volume of adversely rated credits in our portfolio could result in an extraordinary provision expense to return the allowance to required levels, which, in turn, would reduce our
earnings. In addition, systemic and pervasive loan and lease losses can cause insolvency and failure of a financial institution and, in such an event, our shareholders could lose their entire investment.
Our large percentage of real estate loans secured by investment properties may increase the risk of credit losses, which would negatively affect our
financial results.
At December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, $70,166,303, or 54.5% of gross loans, and $29,719,923, or 34.7% of gross loans, respectively, were loans to small builders, home improvement contractors, or investors to
acquire and develop, through new construction or rehabilitation, residential properties for resale or to hold as investment properties. This type of lending is more speculative and involves a higher degree of credit risk than the same type of
lending for owner occupied properties because repayment of the loans often depends on the successful operation of the property, the income stream of the borrowers and, for construction loans, the accuracy of the estimate of the propertys value
at completion of construction and the estimated cost of construction. Such lending may involve a concentration of credit to a single borrower, a group of related borrowers, or on properties located in close proximity to each other that could be
similarly affected by market conditions in that locale. The quality of this portfolio tends to be more volatile depending on the supply and demand for residential real estate in general and expectations about future market appreciation in
particular. A downturn in the local real estate market could adversely affect our customers ability to pay on time and could affect the underlying liquidation value of our collateral, which in turn could adversely affect us. In addition, the
experience level of the investors we finance varies and some may not react as quickly or effectively to a market downturn, exacerbating the severity of any problems and increasing our risk. At December 31, 2007, approximately $1.1 million of
our loans to small builders, home improvement contractors, or investors to acquire and develop, through new construction or rehabilitation, residential properties for resale or to hold as investment properties were on nonaccrual status.
Recent losses have reduced our capital and impaired our ability to execute our business plan. Efforts to increase capital could be dilutive to
stockholders ownership interests.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, we incurred net losses of $2,281,281, which reduced stockholders equity to $13,622,838. During that period, our assets increased from $108,158,098 at
December 31, 2006, to $146,121,693 at December 31, 2007. As a result of the reduction in our stockholders equity combined with our growth in assets, our capital ratios have decreased. At December 31, 2007, our ratio of Tier 1
capital to adjusted total assets was 9.26%, our ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets was 10.30% and our ratio of total capital to risk weighted assets was 11.56%. In order to be considered well capitalized under prompt
corrective action regulations, we are required to maintain Tier 1 capital of 5.00% of adjusted total assets, Tier 1 capital of 6.00% of risk-weighted assets, and total capital of 10.00% of risk weighted assets. As a result, we do not have a
significant amount of excess capital, and we will be unable to grow our assets and liabilities significantly unless we are able to raise capital. If we determine to raise capital by selling additional shares of common stock, our stockholders
ownership interests will be diluted.
We may not be successful in implementing our strategic initiatives.
Our ability to implement
our strategic initiatives depends on, among other things, our ability to implement fully the expansion of our bank with strategically located community banking centers. Among other factors, the success of our community banking centers is dependent
on recruiting qualified personnel and competition. In addition, our success will depend in a
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large part, on market interest rates and the economy in our market area, both of which are beyond our control. Our ability to grow our core deposit base
depends on, among other things, our ability to market our products to new retail and commercial customers. We may not be successful in implementing our strategic initiatives and, even if implemented, the initiatives may not be successful.
Because our revenue growth has been dependent on mortgage lending activity, including loans originated for sale and loans originated
for our loan portfolio, decreased economic activity, a slowdown in the housing market or high interest rates may reduce our profits.
Our ability to increase revenue will depend, in part, on our ability to grow our mortgage
originations. Production levels are sensitive to changes in economic conditions and can suffer from decreased economic activity, a slowdown in the housing market or higher interest rates. Generally, any sustained period of decreased economic
activity or higher interest rates could adversely affect our mortgage originations. As a result, these conditions may adversely affect our net income.
Our profitability depends on our ability to manage our balance sheet to minimize the effects of interest rate fluctuations on our net interest margin
.
Our results of operations depend on the
stability of our net interest margin, which is the difference in the yield we earn on our earning assets and our cost of funds, both of which are influenced by interest rate fluctuations. Interest rates, because they are influenced by, among other
things, expectations about future events, including the level of economic activity, federal monetary and fiscal policy and geo-political stability, are not predictable or controllable. In addition, the interest rates we can earn on our loan and
investment portfolios and the interest rates we pay on our deposits are heavily influenced by competitive factors. Community banks are often at a competitive disadvantage in managing their cost of funds compared to the large regional, super-regional
or national banks that have access to the national and international capital markets. These factors influence our ability to maintain a stable net interest margin. For the year ended December 31, 2007, and for the year ended December 31,
2006, our net interest margin was 4.16% and 4.02%, respectively.
We seek to maintain a neutral position in terms of the volume of
assets and liabilities that mature or re-price during any period so that we may reasonably predict our net interest margin; however, interest rate fluctuations, loan prepayments, loan production and deposit flows are constantly changing and
influence our ability to maintain this neutral position. Generally speaking, our earnings will be more sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates the greater the variance in the volume of assets and liabilities that mature or re-price in any
period. The extent and duration of the sensitivity will depend on the cumulative variance over time, the velocity and direction of interest rates, and whether AmericasBank is more asset sensitive or liability sensitive. Accordingly, we may not be
successful in maintaining this neutral position and, as a result, our net interest margin may suffer, which will negatively impact our earnings.
As of December 31, 2007, approximately 45% of our total loans carry variable interest rates that adjust with changes in a rate index such as the prime rate, which generally adjusts in accordance with changes in the U.S. Federal
Reserves target federal funds rate. During the period from June 29, 2007 to March 18, 2008, the U.S. Federal Reserve has reduced its target for the federal funds rate from 5.25% to 2.25%. Should the U.S. Federal Reserve further
reduce its target for the federal funds rate, the interest rates we earn on variable rate loans will adjust downward, reducing our interest revenue. In such event, while we would expect to reduce the rates we pay on our deposits, generally we expect
that the interest rates we earn on our loans will decrease further and more rapidly than the rates we pay on deposits, thereby reducing our net interest margin and net interest income.
We have increased and plan further growth in deposits in a specific market niche, which creates an industry concentration and a customer
concentration.
We have made a special effort to obtain noninterest bearing deposits from title agencies. These deposits are held for short periods of time by title agencies pending the disbursement of funds in mortgage loan or
mortgage loan refinancing transactions. Deposits from title agencies represented 42.6% and 70.2% of our total noninterest bearing deposits at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively, which creates a real estate industry
concentration. In addition, there is a customer concentration since seven title agencies accounted for approximately 3.0% and 7.0% of our total deposits at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. These deposits can fluctuate
greatly during any given month and from month to month depending on transaction scheduling and overall market conditions, and like all deposits, are subject to seasonal and cyclical market fluctuations and are particularly sensitive to slow real
estate markets. In order to meet the withdrawal needs of these customers, we monitor our liquidity on a daily basis. While we have benefited from this market niche, we are exposed to liquidity and concentration risks attendant to changes in real
estate markets, which could adversely impact our overall performance and financial position.
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Our legal lending limit may limit our growth.
We are limited in the amount we can lend to a single
borrower by the amount of our capital. Generally, under current law, we may lend up to 15% of our unimpaired capital and surplus to any one borrower. As of December 31, 2007, we were able to lend approximately $2.3 million to any one borrower.
This amount is significantly less than that of many of our competitors and may discourage potential borrowers who have credit needs in excess of our legal lending limit from doing business with us. Our legal lending limit also impacts the efficiency
of our lending operation because it tends to lower our average loan size, which means we have to generate a higher number of transactions to achieve the same portfolio volume. We can accommodate larger loans by selling participations in those loans
to other financial institutions, but this strategy is not efficient or always available. We may not be able to attract or maintain customers seeking larger loans or may not be able to sell participations in such loans on terms we consider favorable.
Our residential mortgage lending activities expose us to repurchase liability and other risks to our business.
Our objective is to
systematically grow a high quality, diversified loan portfolio that affords us the opportunity to generate attractive yields on a risk adjusted basis and to earn higher levels of noninterest revenue through fees and service charges. In the short
term, to generate noninterest revenue, we intend to focus our efforts on conforming and nonconforming fixed-rate conventional and government insured residential mortgage loans that can be sold in the secondary market on a servicing released basis.
Secondary market activity is conducted either as a broker, where the loan is funded at settlement by an investor and the bank earns a fee, or as correspondent lender where the bank has been delegated underwriting authority from an investor, funds
the loan at settlement and thereafter sells the loan to that investor and recognizes a gain on the sale.
Among other things, as a
correspondent lender, we are exposed to repurchase liability for documentation defects and, for a limited time, payment performance. We also are required to refund the income that we earn on the sale of a loan if that loan is paid-off within 120
days from the time it is purchased. This contingent liability, also known as a prompt prepayment refund, is most likely to occur during periods when long-term mortgage rates contract quickly, motivating people to refinance their mortgage multiple
times to lower their mortgage payments. In addition, the investors to whom we sell or broker loans evaluate our financial performance, the underlying performance of the loans we broker and sell to them, and the quality of our administrative
functions in determining whether we qualify for their lending programs. Either party on short notice may cancel the correspondent lending and broker agreements.
We intend to focus our loan origination activities on prime or A rated borrowers to reduce our risks from repurchase obligations due to poor payment performance on loans we sell. We also intend
to act as a correspondent lender when feasible because the fees and income that can be generated as a correspondent lender are typically greater than when we act as a broker. However, there are greater compliance requirements and risks associated
with acting as a correspondent lender. We do not intend to actively participate in the sub-prime lending markets, although we will originate loans to borrowers who only qualify for sub-prime loans. Generally, sub-prime loans will be brokered to the
secondary market to reduce repurchase liability in the event of early payment defaults.
Because of our lending activities in this area,
any obligations that we have to repurchase a large number of loans or make prompt repayment refunds could have a material adverse effect on our operations and could result in our inability to achieve profitability. Also, our business could be
adversely affected if any of the investors to whom we sell or broker loans terminate their relationships with us and we are not able to enter into new relationships with other investors.
We depend on the services of key personnel, including Mark H. Anders, A. Gary Rever and John D. Muncks. We cannot be certain that we will be able to
retain such personnel or hire replacements, and the loss of Mr. Anders, Mr. Rever, Mr. Muncks or other key personnel could disrupt our operations and result in reduced earnings or additional losses.
Our goal is to be a
customer-focused and relationship-driven organization. We expect our ability to operate profitably will depend in a large part on the relationships maintained with our customers by our executives. We have entered into employment agreements with
Mr. Anders, our president and chief executive officer, Mr. Rever, an executive vice president and our chief financial officer and Mr. Muncks, an
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executive vice president and our chief lending officer, but the existence of such agreements does not assure that we will be able to retain their services.
The unexpected loss of the services of Mr. Anders, Mr. Rever, Mr. Muncks or other key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our operations and could prolong our inability to achieve profitability. We have sought to
mitigate this risk by including non-compete provisions in the employment agreements of Mr. Anders, Mr. Rever and Mr. Muncks.
Also, our anticipated growth and success, in large part, will be due to the services provided by our mortgage banking officers and the employees of our residential mortgage division. The simultaneous loss of services of a number of these
persons could have a material adverse effect on our operations and our business could suffer. Our mortgage loan originators are not a party to any employment agreement with us and they could terminate their employment with us at any time and for any
reason.
We face substantial competition which could adversely affect our growth and operating results.
We operate in a competitive
market for financial services and face intense competition from other financial institutions both in making loans and in attracting deposits. Many of these financial institutions have been in business for many years, are significantly larger, have
established customer bases, have greater financial resources and legal lending limits than we do, and are able to offer certain services that we are not able to offer.
Our operations depend upon third party vendors that perform services for us.
We outsource many of our operating and banking functions, including our data processing function, our item processing and the
interchange and transmission services for our ATM network. As such, our success and our ability to expand our operations depend on the services provided by these third parties. Disputes with these third parties can adversely affect our operations.
We may not be able to engage appropriate vendors to adequately service our needs and the vendors that we engage may not be able to perform successfully.
Our ability to operate profitably may be dependent on our ability to implement various technologies into our operations.
The market for financial services, including banking services and consumer finance
services, is increasingly affected by advances in technology, including developments in telecommunications, data processing, computers, automation, Internet-based banking and telebanking. Our ability to compete successfully in our markets may depend
on the extent to which we are able to exploit such technological changes. If we are not able to afford such technologies, properly or timely anticipate or implement such technologies, or properly train our staff to use such technologies, our
business, financial condition or operating results could be adversely affected.
Because AmericasBank serves a limited market area in
Maryland, we could be more adversely affected by economic downturns in our market area than our larger competitors which are more geographically diverse.
Our current primary market area consists of Northern Baltimore County, Maryland and the
Highlandtown area of the City of Baltimore. Our secondary market area includes the Baltimore Metropolitan area, consisting of Baltimore City and the surrounding counties of Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard and Frederick County,
Maryland and south-central Pennsylvania. However, broad geographic diversification is not currently part of our community bank focus. As a result, if our primary or secondary market areas suffer economic downturns, our business and financial
condition may be more severely affected by such circumstances. Our larger bank and financial service competitors serve more geographically diverse market areas, parts of which may not be affected by the same economic conditions that may exist in our
market areas.
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Regulatory Risks
Our need to comply with extensive and complex government regulation could have an adverse effect on our business.
The banking industry is subject to extensive regulation by state and federal banking
authorities. Many of the banking regulations we are governed by are intended to protect depositors, the public or the insurance funds maintained by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, not shareholders. Banking regulations affect our lending
practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy and many other aspects of our business. These requirements may constrain our rate of growth and changes in regulations could adversely affect us. The burden imposed by these federal
and state regulations may place banks in general, and AmericasBank specifically, at a competitive disadvantage compared to less regulated competitors. In addition, the cost of compliance with regulatory requirements could adversely affect our
ability to reduce losses or operate profitably.
In addition, because federal regulation of financial institutions changes regularly and is
the subject of constant legislative debate, we cannot forecast how federal regulation of financial institutions may change in the future nor the impact those changes may have on our operations. Although Congress in recent years has sought to reduce
the regulatory burden on financial institutions with respect to the approval of specific transactions, we fully expect that the financial institution industry will remain heavily regulated in the near future and that additional laws or regulations
may be adopted further regulating specific banking practices.
The costs of being a public company are proportionately higher for small
companies like us due to the requirement of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related rules and regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission have increased the scope, complexity, and cost of
corporate governance, reporting, and disclosure practices. These regulations are applicable to our company. We have experienced an increase in compliance costs, including costs related to internal controls and the requirement that our auditors
attest to and report on managements assessment of our internal controls, as a result of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The management assessment provision regulations are applicable to us beginning in 2007. These necessary costs are proportionately
higher for a company of our size and will affect our profitability more than that of some of our larger competitors.
AmericasBank may
be subject to action by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development as a result of violations of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act.
As part of an examination in 2001, the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond identified violations by
AmericasBank of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act. The Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond referred the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act violations to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development as is required under applicable
law. To date, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development has taken no action against AmericasBank. If the Department of Housing and Urban Development were to take an action against AmericasBank as a result of the violations identified by
the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, it could have a material adverse effect on our operations.