By Sara Germano 

Nike Inc. sewed up its sponsorship of track's U.S. governing body for decades Wednesday, signing a deal through 2040 at a time when the company's influence over the sport has raised controversy among athletes.

The terms of the deal with USA Track & Field weren't disclosed, but are a combination of "cash and value in kind," USATF spokeswoman Jill Geer said. Nike has sponsored the organization since 1991, and USATF currently relies on the company's support for nearly half of its $19 million budget for 2013, Ms. Geer said.

USATF said the new deal extends the existing partnership between the organization and Nike, which was set to expire in 2017.

News of the deal comes as U.S. track and field athletes have threatened collective action against the governing body in the wake of controversial events at a national meet in February. Two athletes at the meet were disqualified after allegedly interfering with rivals coached by Nike's Alberto Salazar. One of the disqualifications was later reversed, but confusion persists about the second, leaving opposing coaches, athletes and competing sponsors questioning Nike's influence in the sport and USATF's application of its rules.

In the case of the first disqualification, Mr. Salazar said in February that he was advocating for his runner, as any coach would do.

Nike spokesman KeJuan Wilkins said, with regard to concerns about the national meet, "we recognize and support the independence of the USATF as a governing body."

USATF has rejected claims that anyone received special treatment at the meet and has appointed a working group to review how rules are applied in the future.

The Track and Field Athletes Association has received support from more than 100 athletes in arguing for greater transparency in the sport's governance. Shoe companies including Berkshire Hathaway's Brooks and Wolverine World Wide's Saucony brand have pledged to continue supporting athletes in the event of any collective action.

Earlier this month, Nike acknowledged its athletes' right to organize.

Wednesday's deal was met with mixed reactions from the track community. Adam Nelson, the 2004 Olympic shot put champion and president of the TFAA, said he was impressed by the length of the contract extension because it signals that American track is worthy of long-term investment.

Lauren Fleshman, a professional runner for women's apparel startup Oiselle and a 5,000-meter national champion, said that the length and exclusivity of the deal between Nike and USATF could crowd other sponsors out of the sport and ultimately give athletes fewer opportunities to seek individual funding.

"We have no league minimums, and there's no room for more than one sponsor," said Ms. Fleshman, herself a former Nike athlete.

Mr. Wilkins, the Nike spokesman, said the company will continue to support track athletes and that Wednesday's deal extension "has no bearing on our relationships with individual contracts."

Write to Sara Germano at sara.germano@wsj.com

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