By Douglas MacMillan and Justin Baer 

Uber Technologies Inc., already the most highly capitalized private company backed by venture capital, just added to its pile of cash.

The car-hailing service raised an additional $1.6 billion in convertible debt from Goldman Sachs Group Inc.'s high-net-worth clients, according to people with knowledge of the transaction.

Uber is adding to its formidable war chest to fuel a rapid global expansion. The ride-sharing app has expanded to more than 270 cities around the world, and is working to overcome obstacles in places like India and Spain, where regulators have taken action to ban the service.

Uber has previously raised $2.8 billion in equity funding, the most by any private company backed by venture capital on record, according to Dow Jones VentureSource, which has tracked venture capital since 1992. Indian e-commerce company Flipkart Internet Pvt. is the second most capitalized in the world with about $2.5 billion in equity funding. The previous U.S. record was held by Facebook Inc., which collected $2.2 billion in equity before the social network's initial public offering.

Investors valued Uber at $41.2 billion in its most recent equity funding last month. The company now has raised more than $4 billion in equity and debt funding.

Uber is still in talks to raise an additional $600 million from investors, which may include international partners that can help the company's efforts to expand abroad, the person familiar said.

The convertible debt from Goldman is a six-year bond that converts to stock at a 20% to 30% discount to Uber's valuation when it holds an IPO, one person familiar with the deal said.

Clients of Goldman's wealth-management division typically must have a net worth of more than $10 million. The division's some 600 advisers oversee about $300 billion in client assets.

In 2011, Goldman also allowed its wealthy clients the chance to invest in Facebook ahead of its IPO. For Facebook, Goldman clients were offered the opportunity to purchase equity, whereas the Uber offering is in convertible debt.

The amount Uber raised from Goldman Sachs clients was reported earlier by Bloomberg. News of the offering was first reported last month by Fortune.

Write to Douglas MacMillan at douglas.macmillan@wsj.com and Justin Baer at justin.baer@wsj.com

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