By Anna Prior 

Gilead Sciences Inc. said sales of its new treatment for hepatitis C soared in the first quarter, helping the biopharmaceutical company's bottom-line to triple.

The treatment, called Sovaldi, is closely watched by analysts who have estimated annual sales could surpass $17 billion in several years, making it one of the biggest selling drugs in the world. The treatment costs $1,000 a day and has been used as an example of how hard it is for insurers to curb the use of pricey lifesaving medicines.

Gilead said Tuesday that Sovaldi had $2.27 billion in first-quarter sales. The treatment, which received approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval in early December, recorded sales of $139.4 million in the final weeks of 2013.

Sovaldi has won praise for its cure rate and being the first pill approved to treat some types of hepatitis C without interferon, an injected drug that can cause flulike symptoms. Sovaldi promises to cure 90% of its targeted patients, who would likely develop liver cancer or require liver transplants if untreated.

Overall, Gilead posted a first-quarter profit of $2.23 billion, or $1.33 a share, up from $722.2 million, or 43 cents a share, a year earlier. Excluding stock-based compensation and other items, adjusted per-share profit grew to $1.48 from 48 cents.

Revenue nearly doubled to $5 billion from $2.53 billion.

Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters had expected a profit of 89 cents a share on $3.92 billion in revenue.

Gilead shares, which were halted before releasing its first-quarter results, rose about 2% in after-hours trading.

Higher sales of Gilead's newer HIV drugs also boosted results. Stribild--introduced in the U.S. in August 2012--posted sales of $215.3 million, up from $92.1 million a year earlier. Sales of Complera, which received U.S. approval in August 2011, rose to $250.7 million from $148.2 million a year ago.

Gilead reiterated its full-year outlook, which excludes the impact of Sovaldi sales, of adjusted per-share earnings between 63 cents and 66 cents and net product sales of $11.3 billion to $11.5 billion.

Write to Anna Prior at anna.prior@wsj.com

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