By Chelsey Dulaney 

Barnes & Noble Inc. said it has terminated its commercial agreement for its Nook e-reader with Microsoft Corp., a move it said provides a clearer path toward the potential split of its business.

Like other brick-and-mortar retailers, Barnes & Noble has struggled to adapt as book buyers migrated to online retailers like Amazon.com Inc. and growth of e-books has decreased the market for physical books.

The company said Thursday that it expects the planned split of its Nook Media unit from its retail stores to occur by the end of August. The company had sought to carve out its own niche in the tablet and e-reader space, but the device failed to catch on, posting a series of losses.

Microsoft invested in Nook in 2012, but the companies scaled back their partnership earlier this year.

Shares dropped about 8% premarket and have risen 49% so far this year through Wednesday's close.

Write to Chelsey Dulaney at chelsey.dulaney@wsj.com

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