By Tess Stynes 

Dow Chemical Co. swung to a fourth-quarter profit on improved sales in most of its operating businesses.

Results solidly topped expectations and the company disclosed plans to boost its quarterly dividend by 15% to 37 cents a share and increase its stock buyback authorization to $4.5 billion.

"We exceeded our goals in 2013 despite the challenging market conditions that existed throughout the year, and this is clear evidence of our ability to manage all aspects of our integrated business to generate strong financial performance in an uncertain world," Chief Executive Andrew Liveris said.

The company added it exceeded its $500 million cost-cut target for the year.

Activist investor Daniel Loeb is pressing Dow to split its petrochemicals businesses from its specialty chemicals businesses--a breakup that would go further than Dow's current restructuring plans.

Dow outlined a plan in December to exit some low-margin chemical businesses, part of the company's effort to increase its focus on specialty chemicals used in industrial processes. Mr. Loeb has argued that Dow's petrochemicals operation is a drag on the company's performance. The bulk of the proposed specialty chemicals unit that Mr. Loeb would like to see comes from operations Dow acquired from Rohm & Haas in 2009. The proposed specialty unit would also include Dow's agricultural chemicals unit.

Dow Chemical reported a profit of $1.05 billion, or 79 cents a share, compared with a year-earlier loss of $631 million, or 61 cents a share. Excluding restructuring-related charges, asset write-downs and other items, adjusted earnings rose to 65 cents from 33 cents. Revenue increased 3.4% to $14.4 billion and volume improved by 2%.

Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters expected per-share profit of 43 cents and revenue of $14.13 billion.

Write to Tess Stynes at tess.stynes@wsj.com

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