An energy watchdog warned on Friday that an oil-price recovery remained fragile amid a production rebound in the U.S. and brimming inventories, in contrast with views that lower oil prices are hurting a North American boom.

In its closely-watched monthly oil market report, the International Energy Agency said that "behind the facade of stability, the rebalancing triggered by the price collapse has yet to run its course, and it might be overly optimistic to expect it to proceed smoothly."

Steep drops in the U.S. rig count--leading to expectations of lower output--have been a key driver of an oil price rebound to about $60 a barrel after they fell below $50 a barrel.

Last month, the energy watchdog, which represents key energy-consuming nations, said that an oil-price recovery seemed "inevitable" as a U.S. oil boom was expected to mark a pause. This week, Abdalla Salem el-Badri, Secretary General of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, said the oil slump was hurting the shale-oil industry in North America.

But in its report Friday, the IEA said U.S. oil production was up 115,000 barrels a day in February after declining in November as companies focused on high‐yield areas of various shale plays.

Write to Benoit Faucon at benoit.faucon@wsj.com

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