MADRID--Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria SA, Spain's second-biggest bank, on Friday reported a fourth-quarter net loss, triggered by a charge related to an earlier sale of shares in a Chinese bank.

BBVA reported a net loss of EUR849 million in the three months to Dec. 31, compared with a net profit of EUR20 million a year earlier. Analysts had expected a net loss of EUR765 million.

In October, BBVA cut its stake in China Citic Bank Corp. to just below 10%, a move meant to bolster its capital ahead of balance-sheet tests by European authorities. The bank said at the time the sale would trigger a EUR2.3 billion hit to its results.

For the full year, the bank reported net profit of EUR2.2 billion, up 33% from 2012. BBVA said net interest income in the fourth quarter fell 3.8% to EUR3.8 billion from EUR3.9 billion a year earlier. Analysts had expected net interest income to be around EUR3.6 billion.

The results come after Spain's largest bank, Banco Santander SA, said Thursday that fourth-quarter net profit more than doubled as it set aside a smaller proportion of its earnings to cover loan losses. That offset a fall in net interest income.

Write to Jeannette Neumann at jeannette.neumann@wsj.com

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