By Maarten van Tartwijk

AMSTERDAM--ING Groep NV (INGA.AE) on Thursday recorded a sharp rise in first-quarter earnings as the Dutch bank benefited from a pickup in lending activity and lower provisions for bad loans.

Net profit was 1.77 billion euros ($1.99 billion) in the first three months of 2015, compared with a EUR1.92 billion loss in the same period a year earlier, when a series of restructuring-linked charges weighed on the bottom line.

Underlying pretax profit, a preferred measure of ING's operating performance which strips out divestments and other special items, rose 41% to EUR1.66 billion, beating analysts' expectations.

"This strong performance was achieved despite the challenging operating environment, characterized by unprecedented low interest rates and the uneven economic recovery," Chief Executive Ralph Hamers said.

ING, the Netherlands' largest bank by assets, in November repaid the final chunk of state aid it received during the financial crisis and has nearly completed a restructuring that has transformed it into a smaller Europe-focused lender.

-Write to Maarten van Tartwijk at maarten. vantartwijk@wsj.com

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