FORM 6-K

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 UNDER THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

Dated August 13, 2015

 

Commission File Number 1-14878

 

GERDAU S.A.

(Exact Name as Specified in its Charter)

 

N/A

(Translation of Registrant’s Name)

 

Av. Farrapos 1811

Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil CEP 90220-005

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

 

Form 20-F  x       Form 40-F  o

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): o

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): o

 

Indicate by check mark whether by furnishing the information contained in this Form, the registrant is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

Yes  o          No  x

 

If “Yes” is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b):  Not applicable.

 

 

 



 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused the Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

Date:  August 13, 2015

 

 

 

 

 

 

GERDAU S.A.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Harley Lorentz Scardoelli

 

Name:

Harley Lorentz Scardoelli

 

Title:

Investor Relations Director

 

2



 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit

 

Description of Exhibit

99.1

 

Quarterly Results—2Q 15 Gerdau S.A. and Subsidiaries August 12, 2015

 

3




Exhibit 99.1

 

 


 

Highlights in the second quarter of 2015

 

2Q15 Highlights

 

·                  Consolidated EBITDA and EBITDA margin were flat, despite oversupply in the world steel industry and adverse economic conditions in Brazil.

 

·                  Higher shipments and a better metal spread at the North America Business Operation in 2Q15 partially offset the weaker performance of the Brazil Business Operation, when compared to 1Q15.

 

·                  Reduction of 6.4% in selling, general and administrative expenses in the first six months of 2015 compared to the same period last year.

 

·                  Net Debt/EBITDA ratio stable at 3.1 times, compared to March 2015.

 

·                  Reduction of nine days in the cash conversion cycle compared to March 2015, mainly due to the reduction in inventories and the effects from exchange variation.

 

Key Information

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Steel

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Production of Crude Steel (1,000 tonnes)

 

4,431

 

4,668

 

-5.1

%

4,341

 

2.1

%

8,772

 

9,225

 

-4.9

%

Shipments (1,000 tonnes)

 

4,271

 

4,524

 

-5.6

%

4,143

 

3.1

%

8,414

 

8,911

 

-5.6

%

Net Sales (R$ million)

 

10,759

 

10,443

 

3.0

%

10,447

 

3.0

%

21,206

 

20,997

 

1.0

%

SG&A (R$ million)

 

(637

)

(679

)

-6.2

%

(660

)

-3.5

%

(1,297

)

(1,386

)

-6.4

%

EBITDA (R$ million)

 

1,184

 

1,170

 

1.2

%

1,089

 

8.7

%

2,273

 

2,366

 

-3.9

%

Net Income (R$ million)

 

265

 

393

 

-32.6

%

267

 

-0.7

%

532

 

833

 

-36.1

%

Gross margin

 

11.0

%

12.1

%

 

 

10.6

%

 

 

10.8

%

12.3

%

 

 

EBITDA Margin

 

11.0

%

11.2

%

 

 

10.4

%

 

 

10.7

%

11.3

%

 

 

Shareholders’ equity (R$ million)

 

35,462

 

31,706

 

 

 

36,440

 

 

 

35,462

 

31,706

 

 

 

Total Assets (R$ million)

 

68,778

 

57,894

 

 

 

70,843

 

 

 

68,778

 

57,894

 

 

 

Gross debt / Total capitalization (1)

 

38.0

%

34.0

%

 

 

39.0

%

 

 

38.0

%

34.0

%

 

 

Net debt(2) / EBITDA(3)

 

3.1

x

2.4

x

 

 

3.2

x

 

 

3.1

x

2.4

x

 

 

 


(1) - Total capitalization = shareholders’ equity + gross debt - interest on debt

(2) - Net debt = gross debt - interest on debt - cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

(3) - EBITDA in the last 12 months.

 

World Steel Market

 

·      On April 20, 2015, World Steel Association released its latest Short Range Outlook containing forecasts for global apparent steel consumption in 2015 and 2016, in which it estimated growth of 0.5% and 1.4%, respectively. The association expects moderate demand growth, which is explained by deceleration in China and the influence of structural adjustments in most economies due to limited investment growth post-2008. Apparent steel consumption in China is projected to contract by 0.5% in both 2015 and 2016, given the rebalancing of the economy for a new stage of development. Demand growth in emerging and developing economies (excluding China) should remain weak in 2015, though positive growth is expected in certain economies, such as India, Indonesia, Vietnam and Egypt, where local steel markets are still developing. In these economies, apparent steel consumption should grow by 2.4% in 2015 and 4.0% in 2016. Growth in developed economies should be moderate in 2015, due to the strong base and the less favorable environment for steel in certain countries. The recovery in the European Union remains moderate, given the low investment activity and high unemployment. Apparent steel consumption in developed economies is expected to grow by 0.2% in 2015 and 1.8% in 2016.

 

1



 

Consolidated Information

 

Gerdau’s performance in the second quarter of 2015

 

The Consolidated Financial Statements of Gerdau S.A. are presented in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the accounting practices adopted in Brazil, which are fully aligned with the international accounting standards issued by the Accounting Pronouncement Committee (CPC).

 

The information in this report does not include data for jointly controlled entities and associate companies, except where stated otherwise.

 

Consolidated Results

 

Production and shipments

 

Consolidated
(1,000 tonnes)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Production of crude steel

 

4,431

 

4,668

 

-5.1

%

4,341

 

2.1

%

8,772

 

9,225

 

-4.9

%

Shipments of steel

 

4,271

 

4,524

 

-5.6

%

4,143

 

3.1

%

8,414

 

8,911

 

-5.6

%

 

·      Consolidated crude steel production decreased in 2Q15 in relation to 2Q14, mainly in the North America and Special Steel Business Operations, due to the adjustment of inventories in the period.

 

·      Consolidated shipments decreased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, reflecting lower shipments, particularly in the North America and Special Steel Business Operations. Compared to 1Q15, shipments increased, mainly due to the better performance of the North America Business Operation.

 

Net sales, cost and gross margin

 

Consolidated
(R$ million)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Net Sales

 

10,759

 

10,443

 

3.0

%

10,447

 

3.0

%

21,206

 

20,997

 

1.0

%

Cost of Goods Sold

 

(9,578

)

(9,179

)

4.3

%

(9,335

)

2.6

%

(18,913

)

(18,417

)

2.7

%

Gross profit

 

1,181

 

1,264

 

-6.6

%

1,112

 

6.2

%

2,293

 

2,580

 

-11.1

%

Gross margin (%)

 

11.0

%

12.1

%

 

 

10.6

%

 

 

10.8

%

12.3

%

 

 

 

·      Consolidated net sales increased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, reflecting the effects from exchange variation, despite the lower shipments in the period. Compared to 1Q15, consolidated net sales increased, mainly due to higher shipments.

 

·      On a consolidated basis, gross profit and gross margin decreased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, due to the weaker performance of the Brazil BO, which was partially offset by the better performance of the North America BO, reflecting the Company’s geographic diversification. Compared to 1Q15, consolidated gross profit and gross margin increased, mainly due to the better performance of the North America BO, which more than offset the lower gross margin at the Brazil BO.

 

Operating expenses

 

Consolidated
(R$ million)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half
2015

 

1st Half
2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

SG&A

 

(637

)

(679

)

-6.2

%

(660

)

-3.5

%

(1,297

)

(1,386

)

-6.4

%

Selling expenses

 

(185

)

(180

)

2.8

%

(180

)

2.8

%

(365

)

(353

)

3.4

%

General and administrative expenses

 

(452

)

(499

)

-9.4

%

(480

)

-5.8

%

(932

)

(1,033

)

-9.8

%

Other operating income (expenses)

 

6

 

17

 

-64.7

%

27

 

-77.8

%

33

 

36

 

-8.3

%

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated companies

 

7

 

27

 

-74.1

%

7

 

0.0

%

14

 

54

 

-74.1

%

 

·      General and administrative expenses decreased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14 and 1Q15, demonstrating the Company’s efforts over the course of the periods to rationalize these expenses and despite the effects from

 

2



 

exchange variation in the comparison periods. These efforts led to a reduction in selling, general and administrative expenses as a ratio of net sales, from 6.5% in 2Q14 to 6.3% in 1Q15 and 5.9% in 2Q15.

 

EBITDA

 

Breakdown of Consolidated EBITDA (1)
(R$ million)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Net income

 

265

 

393

 

-32.6

%

267

 

-0.7

%

532

 

833

 

-36.1

%

Net financial result

 

207

 

211

 

-1.9

%

898

 

-76.9

%

1,105

 

312

 

254.2

%

Provision for income and social contribution taxes

 

86

 

25

 

244.0

%

(680

)

 

(594

)

138

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

626

 

541

 

15.7

%

604

 

3.6

%

1,230

 

1,083

 

13.6

%

EBITDA (1)

 

1,184

 

1,170

 

1.2

%

1,089

 

8.7

%

2,273

 

2,366

 

-3.9

%

EBITDA Margin

 

11.0

%

11.2

%

 

 

10.4

%

 

 

10.7

%

11.3

%

 

 

 


(1) - Non-accounting measurement calculated pursuant to Instruction 527 of the CVM.

 

Note: EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization) is not a method used in accounting practices, does not represent cash flow for the periods in question and should not be considered an alternative to cash flow as an indicator of liquidity. The Company’s EBITDA is already calculated pursuant to Instruction 527 of the CVM.

 

Conciliation of Consolidated EBITDA
(R$ million)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

EBITDA (1)

 

1,184

 

1,170

 

1,089

 

2,273

 

2,366

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

(626

)

(541

)

(604

)

(1,230

)

(1,083

)

OPERATING INCOME BEFORE FINANCIAL RESULT AND TAXES (2)

 

558

 

629

 

485

 

1,043

 

1,283

 

 


(1) - Non-accounting measure calculated pursuant to Instruction 527 of the CVM.

(2) - Accounting measurement disclosed in consolidated Statements of Income.

 

Consolidated EBITDA (R$ million) and EBITDA Margin (%)

 

 

·      EBITDA and EBITDA margin were flat in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, due to the reduction in selling, general and administrative expenses and despite the reduction in gross margin, which was also affected by the higher depreciation. Specifically in the comparison with 1Q15, EBITDA and EBITDA margin increased, accompanying the performance of gross profit and gross margin.

 

Net financial result and net income

 

Consolidated

(R$ million)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Income before financial income (expenses) and taxes (1)

 

558

 

629

 

-11.3

%

485

 

15.1

%

1,043

 

1,283

 

-18.7

%

Financial Result

 

(207

)

(211

)

-1.9

%

(898

)

-76.9

%

(1,105

)

(312

)

254.2

%

Financial income

 

95

 

89

 

6.7

%

109

 

-12.8

%

204

 

151

 

35.1

%

Financial expenses

 

(394

)

(371

)

6.2

%

(372

)

5.9

%

(766

)

(660

)

16.1

%

Exchange variation, net

 

94

 

76

 

23.7

%

(651

)

 

(557

)

204

 

 

Exchange variation on net investment hedge

 

111

 

63

 

76.2

%

(575

)

 

(464

)

146

 

 

Exchange variation - other lines

 

(17

)

13

 

 

(76

)

-77.6

%

(93

)

58

 

 

Gains (losses) on financial instruments, net

 

(2

)

(5

)

-60.0

%

16

 

 

14

 

(7

)

 

Income before taxes (1)

 

351

 

418

 

-16.0

%

(413

)

 

(62

)

971

 

 

Income and social contribution taxes

 

(86

)

(25

)

244.0

%

680

 

 

594

 

(138

)

 

On net investment hedge

 

(111

)

(63

)

76.2

%

575

 

 

464

 

(146

)

 

Other lines

 

25

 

38

 

-34.2

%

105

 

-76.2

%

130

 

8

 

1525.0

%

Consolidated Net Income (1)

 

265

 

393

 

-32.6

%

267

 

-0.7

%

532

 

833

 

-36.1

%

 


(1) - Includes the results from jointly controlled entities and associate companies based on the equity income method.

 

·      In 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, the relative stability in the financial result reflects the positive exchange variation on liabilities contracted in U.S. dollar (appreciation in the end-of-period price of the Brazilian real against the U.S.

 

3



 

dollar of 3.3% in 2Q15, versus appreciation of 2.7% in 2Q14) and the higher financial expenses resulting from the increase in gross debt in the comparison periods.

 

·      The lower negative financial result in 2Q15 compared to 1Q15, is mainly explained by the higher negative exchange variation in 1Q15 (appreciation in the end-of-period price of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar of 3.3% in 2Q15 versus depreciation of 20.8% in 1Q15).

 

·      Note that, in accordance with IFRS, the Company designated the bulk of its debt in foreign currency contracted by companies in Brazil as hedge for a portion of the investments in subsidiaries located abroad. As a result, only the effect from exchange variation on the portion of debt not linked to investment hedge is recognized in the financial result, with this effect neutralized by the line “Income and Social Contribution taxes on net investment hedge.”

 

·      Consolidated net income decreased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, mainly due to lower operating income and higher financial expenses. Compared to 1Q15, the relative stability in net income was due to the operating income growth offsetting the higher income tax.

 

Dividends

 

·      Gerdau S.A., based on the results in 2Q15, approved the prepayment of the minimum mandatory dividend, in the form of interest on capital, of R$ 84.3 million (R$ 0.05 per share).

 

Payment date: September 4, 2015

Record date: close of trading on August 24, 2015

Ex-dividend date: August 25, 2015

 

·      In the first six months of 2015, Gerdau S.A. distributed R$ 185.5 million in the form of interest on capital.

 

Investments

 

·      In 2Q15, investments in CAPEX amounted to R$ 648.2 million. Of the amount invested in the quarter, 41.2% was allocated to the Brazil BO, 27.8% to the Latin America BO, 15.1% to the Special Steel BO, 12.6% to the North America BO and 3.3% to the Iron Ore BO.

 

Working Capital and Cash Conversion Cycle

 

 

·      In June 2015, the cash conversion cycle (working capital divided by daily net sales in the quarter) decreased in relation to March 2015, reflecting the 6.0% decrease in working capital, mainly due to the reduction in inventories and the effects from exchange variation, which compares with the 3.0% increase in net sales.

 

4



 

Financial Liabilities

 

Debt composition
(R$ million)

 

06.30.2015

 

03.31.2015

 

12.31.2014

 

Short Term

 

2,584

 

2,366

 

2,038

 

Long Term

 

19,982

 

20,916

 

17,484

 

Gross Debt

 

22,566

 

23,282

 

19,522

 

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

 

5,690

 

5,847

 

5,849

 

Net Debt

 

16,876

 

17,435

 

13,673

 

 

·      On June 30, 2015, 11.5% of gross debt was short term and 88.5% long term. Gross debt was 17.9% denominated in Brazilian real, 76.0% in U.S. dollar and 6.1% in other currencies. The R$ 716 million decrease in gross debt between March 2015 and June 2015 is mainly explained by the effects from exchange variation in the period.

 

·      On June 30, 2015, 47.9% of the cash was held by Gerdau companies abroad and denominated mainly in U.S. dollar.

 

·      The decrease in net debt on June 30, 2015 compared to March 31, 2015, was due to the effects on gross debt from exchange variation in the period.

 

·      On June 30, 2015, the nominal weighted average cost of gross debt was 6.7%, or 10.8% for the portion denominated in Brazilian real, 6.0% plus exchange variation for the portion denominated in U.S. dollar contracted by companies in Brazil and 5.9% for the portion contracted by subsidiaries abroad. On June 30, 2015, the average gross debt term was 6.6 years, with 70% maturing only as of 2018.

 

·      The Company’s main debt indicators are shown below:

 

Indicators

 

06.30.2015

 

03.31.2015

 

12.31.2014

 

Gross debt / Total capitalization (1)

 

38

%

39

%

36

%

Net debt(2) / EBITDA (3)

 

3.1

x

3.2

x

2.4

x

 


(1) - Total capitalization = shareholders’ equity + gross debt- interest on debt

(2) - Net debt = gross debt -  interest on debt - cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

(3) - EBITDA in the last 12 months.

 

Indebtedness

(R$ billion)

 

 

·      On June 30, 2015, the payment schedule for long-term gross debt (principal) was as follows:

 

Long Term

 

R$ million

 

2016

 

439

 

2017

 

3,726

 

2018

 

1,169

 

2019

 

877

 

2020

 

2,738

 

2021 and after

 

11,033

 

Total

 

19,982

 

 

5



 

Business Operations (BO)

 

The information in this report is divided into five Business Operations (BO), in accordance with Gerdau’s corporate governance, as follows:

 

·      Brazil BO — includes the steel operations in Brazil (except special steel) and the metallurgical and coking coal operation in Colombia;

·      North America BO — includes all North American operations, except Mexico and special steel;

·      Latin America BO — includes all Latin American operations, except the operations in Brazil and the metallurgical and coking coal operation in Colombia;

·      Special Steel BO — includes the special steel operations in Brazil, Spain, United States and India;

·      Iron Ore BO — includes the iron ore operations in Brazil.

 

On July 14, 2015, the Company announced a new structure of the Business Operations, which will take effect as of the third quarter of 2015. The earnings release for 2Q15 is presented still in accordance with the structure described above.

 

Net Sales

 

 

6



 

EBITDA and EBITDA Margin

 

 

Brazil BO

 

Production and shipments

 

Brazil BO
(1,000 tonnes)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Production of crude steel

 

1,660

 

1,621

 

2.4

%

1,528

 

8.6

%

3,188

 

3,230

 

-1.3

%

Shipments of steel

 

1,568

 

1,588

 

-1.3

%

1,557

 

0.7

%

3,125

 

3,185

 

-1.9

%

Domestic Market

 

1,091

 

1,372

 

-20.5

%

1,252

 

-12.9

%

2,343

 

2,814

 

-16.7

%

Exports

 

477

 

216

 

120.8

%

305

 

56.4

%

782

 

371

 

110.8

%

 

·      Crude steel production increased in 2Q15 compared to both 2Q14 and 1Q15, reflecting the higher production of semi-finished products for export. On the other hand, rolled steel production declined in both comparison periods, reflecting the adjustment to the weaker level of demand in the Brazilian steel market.

 

·      Shipments in the domestic market in 2Q15 decreased compared to both 2Q14 and 1Q15, reflecting the weaker growth in the construction and manufacturing industries due to economic uncertainties. Higher exports offset the lower shipments in the domestic market in the comparison periods.

 

Operating result

 

Brazil BO
(R$ million)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Net Sales

 

3,199

 

3,446

 

-7.2

%

3,266

 

-2.1

%

6,465

 

7,101

 

-9.0

%

Domestic Market

 

2,544

 

3,105

 

-18.1

%

2,776

 

-8.4

%

5,320

 

6,465

 

-17.7

%

Exports(1)

 

655

 

341

 

92.1

%

490

 

33.7

%

1,145

 

636

 

80.0

%

Cost of Goods Sold

 

(2,779

)

(2,852

)

-2.6

%

(2,763

)

0.6

%

(5,542

)

(5,758

)

-3.8

%

Gross profit

 

420

 

594

 

-29.3

%

503

 

-16.5

%

923

 

1,343

 

-31.3

%

Gross margin (%)

 

13.1

%

17.2

%

 

 

15.4

%

 

 

14.3

%

18.9

%

 

 

EBITDA

 

446

 

598

 

-25.4

%

515

 

-13.4

%

961

 

1,328

 

-27.6

%

EBITDA margin (%)

 

13.9

%

17.4

%

 

 

15.8

%

 

 

14.9

%

18.7

%

 

 

 


(1) - Includes coking coal and coke net sales.

 

·      The lower net sales in 2Q15 compared to both 2Q14 and 1Q15 was mainly due to lower shipments in the domestic market, despite the improvement in net sales per tonne sold. The increase in export shipments did not offset the reduction in net sales from the domestic market, given the lower prices practiced in the international market.

 

7



 

·      Cost of goods sold decreased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, accompanying the lower shipments in the period. The decrease in net sales at a faster pace than the decrease in cost of goods sold led to gross margin compression in the period. Compared to 1Q15, the decrease in gross margin is mainly explained by the lower margins on exports.

 

·      EBITDA and EBITDA margin in 2Q15 accompanied the declines in gross profit and gross margin in comparison with both 2Q14 and 1Q15.

 

EBITDA (R$ million) and EBITDA Margin (%)

 

 

8



 

North America BO

 

Production and shipments

 

North America BO
(1,000 tonnes)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Production of crude steel

 

1,588

 

1,787

 

-11.1

%

1,546

 

2.7

%

3,134

 

3,436

 

-8.8

%

Shipments of steel

 

1,547

 

1,652

 

-6.4

%

1,393

 

11.1

%

2,940

 

3,104

 

-5.3

%

 

·      Production decreased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, due to the lower shipments and efforts to optimize inventories. Compared to 1Q15, the increase in production was mainly due to the higher shipments.

 

·      Shipments decreased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, due to strong shipments recorded in 2Q14 (pent-up volumes in 1Q14 due to the severe winter) and the pressure from imported products in the region. Compared to 1Q15, the growth in shipments mainly reflects the ongoing improvement in demand from the non-residential construction industry.

 

Operating result

 

North America BO
(R$ million)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Net Sales

 

4,118

 

3,581

 

15.0

%

3,648

 

12.9

%

7,766

 

6,839

 

13.6

%

Cost of Goods Sold

 

(3,700

)

(3,304

)

12.0

%

(3,423

)

8.1

%

(7,123

)

(6,463

)

10.2

%

Gross profit

 

418

 

277

 

50.9

%

225

 

85.8

%

643

 

376

 

71.0

%

Gross margin (%)

 

10.2

%

7.7

%

 

 

6.2

%

 

 

8.3

%

5.5

%

 

 

EBITDA

 

413

 

281

 

47.0

%

226

 

82.7

%

639

 

351

 

82.1

%

EBITDA margin (%)

 

10.0

%

7.8

%

 

 

6.2

%

 

 

8.2

%

5.1

%

 

 

 

·      Net sales increased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, mainly due to the effect from exchange variation (37.8% depreciation in the average price of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar), despite the lower shipments. Compared to 1Q15, net sales increased, due to higher shipments and the effect from exchange variation in the period (7.1% depreciation in the average price of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar), despite the lower net sales per tonne sold in U.S. dollar.

 

·      Cost of goods sold increased in 2Q15 compared to both 2Q14 and 1Q15 at a slower pace than the increase in net sales, due to lower scrap costs, which supported gross margin expansion in the comparison periods. Specifically compared to 1Q15, the growth in shipments and resulting dilution of fixed costs also supported gross margin expansion in 2Q15.

 

·      The higher EBITDA recorded in 2Q15 compared to both 2Q14 and 1Q15 is explained by the increase in gross profit, which supported EBITDA margin expansion.

 

EBITDA (R$ million) and EBITDA Margin (%)

 

 

9



 

Latin America BO

 

Production and shipments

 

Latin America BO
(1,000 tonnes)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Production of crude steel

 

415

 

399

 

4.0

%

408

 

1.7

%

823

 

840

 

-2.0

%

Shipments of steel

 

634

 

631

 

0.5

%

634

 

0.0

%

1,268

 

1,312

 

-3.4

%

 

·      Production and shipments in 2Q15 remained relatively flat compared to both 2Q14 and 1Q15, with performances varying in the countries where Gerdau operates, despite the high level of imports into the region.

 

Operating result

 

Latin America BO
(R$ million)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Net Sales

 

1,429

 

1,302

 

9.8

%

1,509

 

-5.3

%

2,938

 

2,701

 

8.8

%

Cost of Goods Sold

 

(1,280

)

(1,154

)

10.9

%

(1,341

)

-4.5

%

(2,621

)

(2,368

)

10.7

%

Gross profit

 

149

 

148

 

0.7

%

168

 

-11.3

%

317

 

333

 

-4.8

%

Gross margin (%)

 

10.4

%

11.4

%

 

 

11.1

%

 

 

10.8

%

12.3

%

 

 

EBITDA

 

118

 

109

 

8.3

%

140

 

-15.7

%

258

 

252

 

2.4

%

EBITDA margin (%)

 

8.3

%

8.4

%

 

 

9.3

%

 

 

8.8

%

9.3

%

 

 

 

·      Net sales and cost of goods sold increased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, which is explained by the effect from exchange variation resulting from the depreciation in the average price of the Brazilian real against the currencies of the countries where Gerdau operates. Compared to 1Q15, the decrease in net sales and cost of goods sold was also due to the effects from exchange variation, though, in this case, due to the appreciation in the average price of the Brazilian real against the other currencies.

 

·      Gross margin decreased in 2Q15 compared to both 2Q14 and 1Q15, mainly due to the decline in international prices.

 

·      EBITDA and EBITDA margin remained relatively flat in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, despite the decrease in gross margin, by the reduction on operating expenses. Compared to 1Q15, EBITDA and EBITDA margin decreased, accompanying the performance of gross profit and gross margin.

 

EBITDA (R$ million) and EBITDA Margin (%)

 

 

10



 

Special Steel BO

 

Production and shipments

 

Special Steel BO
(1,000 tonnes)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Production of crude steel

 

768

 

861

 

-10.8

%

859

 

-10.6

%

1,627

 

1,719

 

-5.4

%

Shipments of steel

 

700

 

749

 

-6.5

%

696

 

0.6

%

1,396

 

1,507

 

-7.4

%

 

·      Crude steel production decreased in 2Q15 compared to both 2Q14 and 1Q15, due to the adjustment of inventories in Brazil and the United States.

 

·      Shipments decreased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, which is explained by the sharp drop in demand in Brazil and by the learning curve of the new rolling mill in Monroe, United States.

 

Operating result

 

Special Steel BO
(R$ million)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Net Sales

 

2,257

 

2,182

 

3.4

%

2,246

 

0.5

%

4,503

 

4,445

 

1.3

%

Cost of Goods Sold

 

(2,102

)

(1,989

)

5.7

%

(2,036

)

3.2

%

(4,138

)

(4,090

)

1.2

%

Gross profit

 

155

 

193

 

-19.7

%

210

 

-26.2

%

365

 

355

 

2.8

%

Gross margin (%)

 

6.9

%

8.8

%

 

 

9.3

%

 

 

8.1

%

8.0

%

 

 

EBITDA

 

215

 

230

 

-6.5

%

260

 

-17.3

%

475

 

433

 

9.7

%

EBITDA margin (%)

 

9.5

%

10.5

%

 

 

11.6

%

 

 

10.5

%

9.7

%

 

 

 

·      Net sales increased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, despite lower shipments, due to the effects from exchange variation on shipments at the units abroad and the increase in net sales per tonne sold at the units in Brazil. Compared to 1Q15, net sales remained relatively flat, with varying performances in the different regions in which Gerdau has operations.

 

·      Cost of goods sold increased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, mainly due to the effects from exchange variation on special steel operations at the units abroad, despite the lower shipments. The decrease in gross margin was mainly due to the lower dilution of fixed costs and the less favorable geographic mix. Compared to 1Q15, cost of goods sold increased, mainly due to the effects from exchange variation. The decrease in gross margin in 2Q15 compared to 1Q15 is mainly explained by the less favorable geographic mix.

 

·      EBITDA and EBITDA margin decreased in 2Q15 compared to both 2Q14 and 1Q15, accompanying the performance of gross profit and gross margin.

 

EBITDA (R$ million) and EBITDA Margin (%)

 

 

11



 

Iron Ore BO

 

Production and shipments

 

Iron Ore BO
(1,000 tonnes)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half 2015

 

1st Half 2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Production

 

2,060

 

1,988

 

3.6

%

1,481

 

39.1

%

3,541

 

3,724

 

-4.9

%

Shipments

 

1,965

 

1,735

 

13.3

%

1,463

 

34.3

%

3,428

 

3,735

 

-8.2

%

Gerdau units

 

1,394

 

1,020

 

36.7

%

1,164

 

19.8

%

2,558

 

1,832

 

39.6

%

Third parties

 

571

 

715

 

-20.1

%

299

 

91.0

%

870

 

1,903

 

-54.3

%

 

·      Production increased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, though at a slower pace than the increase in shipments, reflecting the adjustment in inventories. Compared to 1Q15, production increased in line with shipments in the period.

 

·      Shipments increased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, mainly due to the higher volumes shipped to Gerdau units. Compared to 1Q15, the increase in shipments is explained by higher shipments to Gerdau units, as well as the opportunities for iron ore shipments to third parties in the domestic market.

 

Operating result

 

Iron Ore BO
(R$ million)

 

2nd Quarter
2015

 

2nd Quarter
2014

 

Variation
2Q15/2Q14

 

1st Quarter
2015

 

Variation
2Q15/1Q15

 

1st Half
2015

 

1st Half
2014

 

Variation
1H15/1H14

 

Net Sales

 

170

 

216

 

-21.3

%

125

 

36.0

%

295

 

532

 

-44.5

%

Gerdau units

 

108

 

118

 

-8.5

%

76

 

42.1

%

184

 

223

 

-17.5

%

Third parties

 

62

 

98

 

-36.7

%

49

 

26.5

%

111

 

309

 

-64.1

%

Cost of Goods Sold

 

(127

)

(165

)

-23.0

%

(119

)

6.7

%

(246

)

(362

)

-32.0

%

Gross profit

 

43

 

51

 

-15.7

%

6

 

616.7

%

49

 

170

 

-71.2

%

Gross margin (%)

 

25.3

%

23.6

%

 

 

4.8

%

 

 

16.6

%

32.0

%

 

 

EBITDA

 

44

 

53

 

-17.0

%

6

 

633.3

%

50

 

174

 

-71.3

%

EBITDA margin (%)

 

25.9

%

24.5

%

 

 

4.8

%

 

 

16.9

%

32.7

%

 

 

 

·      Net sales decreased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, which is explained by lower prices and lower iron ore shipments to third parties. Compared to 1Q15, the increase in net sales was mainly due to higher shipments.

 

·      Cost of goods sold decreased in 2Q15 compared to 2Q14, due to lower shipments to third parties. Gross margin increased due to the better sales mix, with higher shipments to Gerdau units, and due to better cost of good sold. Compared to 1Q15, the gross margin expansion reflects the higher shipments to Gerdau units and opportunities for shipments to third parties in the domestic market.

 

·      The variations in EBITDA and EBITDA margin in 2Q15 compared to both 2Q14 and 1Q15 accompanied the performance of gross profit and gross margin in the comparison periods.

 

EBITDA (R$ million) and EBITDA Margin (%)

 

 

12



 

Gerdau Day - NYSE

 

· On June 12, 2015, Gerdau held its first Gerdau Day event on the New York Stock Exchange, which attracted 91 participants from various areas: investors, sell-side analysts, fixed income analysts, investment bankers, etc. During the event, the public had an opportunity to learn about the strategy of Gerdau’s management and to ask questions about the evolution in the company’s various markets.

 

Advances in simplifying processes and the ownership structure

 

·   As part of the initiatives required to adapt Gerdau to today’s highly competitive environment and to make progress in simplifying processes and the ownership structure, on July 14, the Company announced the following decisions:

 

·                  Change in the structure of the Business Operations: (a) the operations in Mexico and the Joint Ventures in the Dominican Republic, Guatemala and Mexico will become part of the North America Business Operation, which is currently formed by the long steel operations in Canada and the United States; (b) creation of the South America Business Operation, which will be formed by the long steel operations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and Uruguay; (c) the Iron Ore operations will become part of the Brazil Business Operation, which is currently formed by the long and flat steel operations in Brazil and the metallurgical coal and coke operations in Colombia; (d) the Special Steel Business Operation will remain unchanged, which is formed by the special steel operations in Brazil, Spain, United States and India. These changes will be presented as of the earnings release for 3Q15;

 

·                  Gerdau S.A. will analyze the mergers of Seiva S.A. Florestas e Indústrias, Gerdau América Latina Participações S.A. and Itaguaí Comércio, Importação e Exportação Ltda. during the second half of 2015;

 

·                  The acquisition of minority interests in operating companies to support their future merger, based on a long-term view,

 

·                  Acquisition of minority shares in operating companies to support their future merger, based on a long-term vision, with benefits from the consolidation including the receipt of dividends, lower costs due to the simpler corporate structure and improving the company’s agility in the capital markets, such as tapping the bond market as a registered issuer. By concentrating these companies in Gerdau S.A., which already reports quarterly financial statements, we will significantly increase the speed with which we carry out international debt placements, which, given the volatility in these markets, could represent an important long-term reduction in debt costs.

 

THE MANAGEMENT

 

This document contains forward-looking statements. These statements are based on estimates, information or methods that may be incorrect or inaccurate and that may not occur. These estimates are also subject to risk, uncertainties and assumptions that include, among other factors: general economic, political and commercial conditions in Brazil and in the markets where we operate and existing and future government regulations. Potential investors are cautioned that these forward-looking statements do not constitute guarantees of future performance, given that they involve risks and uncertainties. Gerdau does not undertake and expressly waives any obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements, which are valid only on the date on which they were made.

 

13



 

GERDAU S.A.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

In thousands of Brazilian reais (R$)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

June 30, 2015

 

December 31, 2014

 

CURRENT ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

3,790,520

 

3,049,971

 

Short-term investments

 

 

 

 

 

Held for Trading

 

1,899,070

 

2,798,834

 

Trade accounts receivable - net

 

4,999,957

 

4,438,676

 

Inventories

 

9,532,157

 

8,866,888

 

Tax credits

 

754,599

 

686,958

 

Income and social contribution taxes recoverable

 

377,633

 

468,309

 

Unrealized gains on financial instruments

 

54,620

 

41,751

 

Other current assets

 

488,019

 

331,352

 

 

 

21,896,575

 

20,682,739

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NON-CURRENT ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

Tax credits

 

83,332

 

78,412

 

Deferred income taxes

 

3,606,538

 

2,567,189

 

Related parties

 

61,975

 

80,920

 

Judicial deposits

 

1,573,254

 

1,430,865

 

Other non-current assets

 

371,634

 

375,732

 

Prepaid pension cost

 

136,133

 

196,799

 

Investments in associates and jointly-controlled entities

 

1,561,457

 

1,394,383

 

Goodwill

 

14,406,701

 

12,556,404

 

Other Intangibles

 

1,637,074

 

1,547,098

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

 

23,443,774

 

22,131,789

 

 

 

46,881,872

 

42,359,591

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL ASSETS

 

68,778,447

 

63,042,330

 

 

14



 

GERDAU S.A.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

In thousands of  Brazilian reais (R$)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

June 30, 2015

 

December 31, 2014

 

CURRENT LIABILITIES

 

 

 

 

 

Trade accounts payable

 

3,569,376

 

3,236,356

 

Short-term debt

 

2,583,775

 

2,037,869

 

Taxes payable

 

426,126

 

405,490

 

Income and social contribution taxes payable

 

202,048

 

388,920

 

Payroll and related liabilities

 

659,455

 

668,699

 

Dividends payable

 

 

119,318

 

Employee benefits

 

32,754

 

34,218

 

Environmental liabilities

 

21,367

 

23,025

 

Other current liabilities

 

624,840

 

858,901

 

 

 

8,119,741

 

7,772,796

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

 

 

 

 

 

Long-term debt

 

19,712,177

 

17,148,580

 

Debentures

 

269,702

 

335,036

 

Deferred income taxes

 

1,214,858

 

944,546

 

Unrealized losses on financial instruments

 

3,618

 

8,999

 

Provision for tax, civil and labor liabilities

 

1,729,114

 

1,576,355

 

Environmental liabilities

 

101,279

 

93,396

 

Employee benefits

 

1,489,794

 

1,272,631

 

Other non-current liabilities

 

676,229

 

635,457

 

 

 

25,196,771

 

22,015,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EQUITY

 

 

 

 

 

Capital

 

19,249,181

 

19,249,181

 

Treasury stocks

 

(389,379

)

(233,142

)

Capital reserves

 

11,597

 

11,597

 

Retained earnings

 

11,813,348

 

11,366,957

 

Operations with non-controlling interests

 

(1,732,962

)

(1,732,962

)

Other reserves

 

5,401,547

 

3,539,188

 

EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE EQUITY HOLDERS OF THE PARENT

 

34,353,332

 

32,200,819

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS

 

1,108,603

 

1,053,715

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EQUITY

 

35,461,935

 

33,254,534

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

 

68,778,447

 

63,042,330

 

 

15



 

GERDAU S.A.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

In thousands of Brazilian reais (R$)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

For the three-month period ended

 

For the six-month period ended

 

 

 

June 30, 2015

 

June 30, 2014

 

June 30, 2015

 

June 30, 2014

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NET SALES

 

10,759,391

 

10,442,822

 

21,206,767

 

20,996,598

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of sales

 

(9,577,977

)

(9,179,154

)

(18,913,500

)

(18,417,178

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GROSS PROFIT

 

1,181,414

 

1,263,668

 

2,293,267

 

2,579,420

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Selling expenses

 

(184,878

)

(179,548

)

(364,397

)

(353,131

)

General and administrative expenses

 

(452,181

)

(498,944

)

(932,623

)

(1,032,749

)

Other operating income

 

43,528

 

41,606

 

100,379

 

88,472

 

Other operating expenses

 

(37,199

)

(24,207

)

(67,237

)

(51,888

)

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated companies

 

7,267

 

26,990

 

13,802

 

53,623

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INCOME BEFORE FINANCIAL INCOME (EXPENSES) AND TAXES

 

557,951

 

629,565

 

1,043,191

 

1,283,747

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial income

 

94,512

 

88,659

 

203,628

 

150,707

 

Financial expenses

 

(393,883

)

(370,585

)

(765,947

)

(659,311

)

Exchange variations, net

 

94,392

 

76,315

 

(556,862

)

203,993

 

Gain and losses on financial instruments, net

 

(1,903

)

(5,231

)

13,734

 

(7,701

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE TAXES

 

351,069

 

418,723

 

(62,256

)

971,435

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current

 

(244,403

)

(11,652

)

(289,788

)

(117,215

)

Deferred

 

157,808

 

(13,733

)

883,879

 

(20,791

)

Income and social contribution taxes

 

(86,595

)

(25,385

)

594,091

 

(138,006

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NET INCOME

 

264,474

 

393,338

 

531,835

 

833,429

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ATTRIBUTABLE TO:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Owners of the parent

 

255,628

 

356,455

 

548,690

 

753,679

 

Non-controlling interests

 

8,846

 

36,883

 

(16,855

)

79,750

 

 

 

264,474

 

393,338

 

531,835

 

833,429

 

 

16



 

GERDAU S.A.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

In thousands of Brazilian reais (R$)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

For the six-month period ended

 

 

 

June 30, 2015

 

June 30, 2014

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from operating activities

 

 

 

 

 

Net income for the period

 

531,835

 

833,429

 

Adjustments to reconcile net income for the period to net cash provided by operating activities

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

1,229,583

 

1,081,899

 

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated companies

 

(13,802

)

(53,623

)

Exchange variation, net

 

556,862

 

(203,993

)

(Gains) Losses on financial instruments, net

 

(13,734

)

7,701

 

Post-employment benefits

 

122,141

 

80,893

 

Stock based remuneration

 

28,424

 

18,051

 

Income and social contribution taxes

 

(594,091

)

138,006

 

Gains on disposal of property, plant and equipment and investments, net

 

(3,057

)

(28,779

)

Allowance for doubtful accounts

 

38,983

 

25,349

 

Provision for tax, labor and civil claims

 

162,928

 

144,716

 

Interest income on trading securities

 

(95,502

)

(71,747

)

Interest expense on loans

 

689,562

 

579,202

 

Interest on loans with related parties

 

(1,752

)

(1,995

)

Reversal for net realizable value adjustment in inventory

 

(18,368

)

(5,861

)

 

 

2,620,012

 

2,543,248

 

Changes in assets and liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

Increase in trade accounts receivable

 

(37,619

)

(497,714

)

Decrease (Increase) in inventories

 

38,494

 

(882,577

)

(Decrease) Increase in trade accounts payable

 

(57,405

)

401,136

 

Increase in other receivables

 

(383,295

)

(190,769

)

Decrease in other payables

 

(230,614

)

(290,622

)

Dividends from associates and jointly-controlled entities

 

30,706

 

44,408

 

Purchases of trading securities

 

(580,350

)

(1,434,416

)

Proceeds from maturities and sales of trading securities

 

1,657,601

 

2,272,092

 

Cash provided by operating activities

 

3,057,530

 

1,964,786

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest paid on loans and financing

 

(446,675

)

(470,978

)

Income and social contribution taxes paid

 

(385,022

)

(212,487

)

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

2,225,833

 

1,281,321

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities

 

 

 

 

 

Additions to property, plant and equipment

 

(1,260,537

)

(1,155,421

)

Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment, investments and other intangibles

 

6,906

 

41,859

 

Additions to other intangibles

 

(33,507

)

(31,028

)

Payment for business acquisitions

 

(20,929

)

 

Capital increase in jointly-controlled entity

 

(40,524

)

 

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(1,348,591

)

(1,144,590

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities

 

 

 

 

 

Purchase of treasury shares

 

(189,071

)

 

Proceeds from exercise of shares

 

 

3,635

 

Dividends and interest on capital paid

 

(208,829

)

(236,588

)

Proceeds from loans and financing

 

1,324,900

 

1,968,026

 

Repayment of loans and financing

 

(1,243,682

)

(1,266,853

)

Intercompany loans, net

 

20,503

 

12,167

 

Net cash (used) provided in financing activities

 

(296,179

)

480,387

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exchange variation on cash and cash equivalents

 

159,486

 

(88,281

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

 

740,549

 

528,837

 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

 

3,049,971

 

2,099,224

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

 

3,790,520

 

2,628,061

 

 

17


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