Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-41742

Sagimet Biosciences Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware	20-5991472
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

155 Bovet Road, Suite 303
San Mateo, California	94402
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(650) 561-8600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Series A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	SGMT	Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒

No☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒

	Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s Series A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding at May 10, 2024 was 30,393,397.

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	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Balance Sheets	5
	Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss	6
	Condensed Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	7
	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	8
	Notes to Condensed Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	17
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	24
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	24

	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	25
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	25
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	25
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	25
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	25
Item 5.	Other Information	25
Item 6.	Exhibits	27
Signatures		28

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this Quarterly Report) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, drug candidates, planned preclinical studies and clinical trials, results of preclinical studies, clinical trials, research and development costs, regulatory approvals, timing and likelihood of success, as well as plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that are in some cases beyond our control and may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report include, but are not limited to, statements about:

•

our financial performance;

•

our ability to obtain additional cash and the sufficiency of our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities to fund our future operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements;

•

the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements, and needs for additional financing;

•

the scope, progress, results and costs of developing denifanstat or any other drug candidates we may develop, and conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials;

•

the timing and costs involved in obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of denifanstat or any other drug candidates we may develop, and the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals, including our expectation to seek special designations or accelerated approvals for our drug candidates for various indications;

•

current and future agreements with third parties in connection with the development and commercialization of denifanstat or any other future drug candidate;

•

our estimated number of patients in the United States who suffer from the diseases we target, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and the number of subjects that will enroll in our clinical trials;

•

our ability to advance drug candidates into and successfully complete clinical trials within anticipated timelines;

•

our relationship with Ascletis BioScience Co. Ltd. (Ascletis), and its affiliate Gannex Pharma Co., Ltd. (Gannex), and the success of their development efforts for denifanstat;

•

the ability of our clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, and other positive results;

•

our plans relating to commercializing denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, if approved, including the geographic areas of focus and our ability to grow a sales team;

•

the success of competing therapies that are or may become available;

•

developments relating to our competitors and our industry, including competing drug candidates and therapies;

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•

our plans relating to the further development and manufacturing of denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, including additional indications that we may pursue for denifanstat or other drug candidates;

•

existing regulations and regulatory developments in the United States and other jurisdictions;

•

our potential and ability to successfully manufacture and supply denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop for clinical trials and for commercial use, if approved;

•

the rate and degree of market acceptance of denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, as well as the pricing and reimbursement of denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, if approved;

•

our expectations regarding our ability to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce intellectual property protection for denifanstat and for any other future drug candidate;

•

our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of any strategic transactions;

•

our ability to attract and retain the continued service of our key personnel and to identify, hire, and then retain additional qualified personnel and our ability to attract additional collaborators with development, regulatory and commercialization expertise;

•

the impact of macroeconomic conditions and geopolitical turmoil on our business and operations;

•

our expectations regarding the period during which we will qualify as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act; and

•

our anticipated use of our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about our business, the industry in which we operate and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, and these forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or development. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions described in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein until after we distribute this Quarterly Report, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and you are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

Explanatory Note

Reflecting the change in disease nomenclature from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), we are using MASLD and MASH throughout this document other than when referring to titles of publications or other activities that utilized the term NAFLD or NASH.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except for share and per share amounts)


	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	176,777	$	75,139
Marketable securities		16,928		19,758
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		786		1,749
Total current assets		194,491		96,646
Operating lease right-of-use assets		37		73
Total assets	$	194,528	$	96,719
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	531	$	186
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (includes $96 and $31 payable to related parties as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)		3,953		5,403
Operating lease liabilities		26		65
Total liabilities		4,510		5,654
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity, $0.0001 par value:
Undesignated preferred stock, $0.0001 per share: 10,000,000 shares authorized; No shares issued and outstanding		—		—
Series A common stock, $0.0001 per share: 500,000,000 shares authorized; 30,393,397 and 21,375,402 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		3		2
Series B common stock, $0.0001 per share: 15,000,000 shares authorized; 1,520,490 shares issued and outstanding at each of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023		—		—
Additional paid-in capital		446,381		340,777
Accumulated deficit		(256,373)		(249,744)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		7		30
Total stockholders’ equity		190,018		91,065
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	194,528	$	96,719

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except for share and per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	5,262	$	4,487
General and administrative		3,506		2,278
Total operating expenses		8,768		6,765
Loss from operations		(8,768)		(6,765)
Other income, net:
Change in fair value of stock warrant liability		—		(2)
Interest income and other		2,139		180
Total other income, net		2,139		178
Net loss	$	(6,629)	$	(6,587)
Other comprehensive gain (loss):
Net unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities		(23)		71
Total other comprehensive gain (loss)		(23)		71
Comprehensive loss	$	(6,652)	$	(6,516)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.23)	$	(35.58)
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		29,039,427		185,137

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share amounts)


													Accumulated
	Series A				Series B				Additional				Other		Total
	Common Stock				Common Stock				Paid-in		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit		Income		Equity
Balance at January 1, 2024		21,375,402	$	2		1,520,490	$	—	$	340,777	$	(249,744)	$	30	$	91,065
Sale of Series A common stock, net of issuance costs		9,000,000		1		—		—		104,731		—		—		104,732
Issuance of Series A Common Stock upon exercise of stock options		17,995		—		—		—		114		—		—		114
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		—		—		759		—		—		759
Unrealized loss on investments in marketable securities		—		—		—		—		—		—		(23)		(23)
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		(6,629)		—		(6,629)
Balance at March 31, 2024		30,393,397	$	3		1,520,490	$	—	$	446,381	$	(256,373)	$	7	$	190,018


													Accumulated
	Redeemable convertible								Additional				Other		Total
	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Paid-in		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit		Loss		Deficit
Balance at January 1, 2023		1,373,730,625	$	214,620		185,084	$	1	$	35,001	$	(221,868)	$	(84)	$	(186,950)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		—		—		767		—		—		767
Unrealized gain on investments in marketable securities		—		—		—		—		—		—		71		71
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		(6,587)		—		(6,587)
Balance at March 31, 2023		1,373,730,625	$	214,620		185,084	$	1	$	35,768	$	(228,455)	$	(13)	$	(192,699)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(6,629)	$	(6,587)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Accretion of discount on marketable securities, net		(193)		(35)
Non-cash lease expense		36		34
Stock-based compensation expense		759		767
Change in fair value of stock warrant liability		—		2
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		640		(37)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(782)		(1,193)
Operating lease liabilities		(39)		(35)
Net cash used in operating activities		(6,208)		(7,084)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales of marketable securities		3,000		19,400
Net cash provided by investing activities		3,000		19,400
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of Series A common stock, net of underwriter commissions and discounts		105,750		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		114		—
Payment of financing costs		(1,018)		(136)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		104,846		(136)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		101,638		12,180
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		75,139		158
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	176,777	$	12,338

Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
Deferred financing costs within accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	—	$	1,197

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.	Organization and description of business

Sagimet Biosciences Inc. (the Company), a Delaware Corporation headquartered in San Mateo, California, is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapeutics called fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitors that target dysfunctional metabolic pathways in diseases resulting from the overproduction of the fatty acid, palmitate. The Company’s lead drug candidate, denifanstat, is an oral, once-daily pill and selective FASN inhibitor for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In January 2024, the Company announced positive topline results from the Phase 2b FASCINATE-2 clinical trial, evaluating denifanstat in biopsy-confirmed MASH patients with stage F2 or F3 fibrosis compared to placebo at week 52.

In addition to MASH, the Company is exploring the use of its FASN inhibitors in acne and in select forms of cancer, diseases in which dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism also play a key role. Denifanstat is currently being tested in China by the Company’s license partner, Ascletis, a subsidiary of Ascletis Pharma, in a Phase 3 clinical trial for moderate to severe acne vulgaris, and a Phase 3 trial in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in combination with bevacizumab. The Company has completed IND-enabling studies for a second clinical candidate FASN inhibitor, TVB-3567.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted (GAAP) in the United States. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) and Accounting Standards Updates (ASU) promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB).

These unaudited interim financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 25, 2024. The accompanying interim financial statements as of March 31, 2024 and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited but include all adjustments that management believes to be necessary for a fair presentation of the periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. Balance sheet amounts as of December 31, 2023 have been derived from the audited financial statements as of that date.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include accruals of research and development expenses, accrued costs for services rendered in connection with third-party contractor clinical trial activities, preferred stock and common stock valuations prior to the Company’s initial public offering of Series A common stock (IPO) and stock option valuations and stock-based compensation. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and judgments, which are based on historical and anticipated results and trends and on various other assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Emerging growth company status

The Company is an emerging growth company (EGC) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Acts of 2012, as amended (the JOBS Act), and may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not EGCs. The Company may take advantage of these exemptions until it is no longer an EGC under Section 107 of the JOBS Act and has elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result of this election, the Company’s financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company FASB standards’ effective dates.

Risks and liquidity

The Company is subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to changes in any of the following areas that the Company believes could have a material adverse effect on future financial position or results of operations: the availability of future financing; the ability to obtain regulatory approval and market acceptance of, and reimbursement for, the Company’s drug candidates if

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approved; the performance of third-party clinical research organizations and manufacturers; protection of the intellectual property; litigation or claims against the Company based on intellectual property, patent, product, regulatory or other factors; and the Company’s ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support commercial success. In addition, significant changes in the biotechnology industry or the approval of competitive products or therapies could adversely affect the Company’s development and operating results.

The Company will require substantial additional capital to fund its research and development and ongoing operating expenses. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has relied on public and private equity and debt financings, to fund its operations. The Company has incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception, and, as of March 31, 2024, had an accumulated deficit of $256.4 million and cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $193.7 million. The Company expects to incur additional losses and negative cash flows from operations for the next twelve months.

In July and August 2023, the Company completed its IPO and its underwriters exercised their overallotment option, respectively, whereby the Company sold an aggregate of 6,026,772 shares of Series A common stock at a public offering price of $16.00 per share and received $86.2 million in net proceeds. In January 2024, the Company completed a follow-on offering whereby it sold 9,000,000 shares of its Series A common stock at price of $12.50 per share and received $104.7 million in proceeds, net of issuance costs of $7.8 million. The Company expects that its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of March 31, 2024 will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through at least 12 months from the issuance of these unaudited condensed financial statements. In the future, the Company may need to raise additional funds until it is able to generate sufficient revenues to fund its development activities. The Company’s future operating activities, coupled with its plans to raise capital or issue debt financing, may provide additional liquidity in the future, however these actions are not solely within the control of the Company and the Company is unable to predict the outcome of these actions to generate the liquidity ultimately required.

2.	Significant accounting policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, which are included in the in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on March 25, 2024. Since the date of those audited consolidated financial statements, there have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Reverse stock split

A one-for-79.4784 reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock was effected on July 7, 2023. Stockholders entitled to fractional shares as a result of the reverse stock split received a cash payment in lieu of receiving fractional shares. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements and notes thereto have been retroactively adjusted, where applicable, to reflect the effects of the reverse stock split. Shares of common stock underlying outstanding stock options and common stock warrants were proportionately reduced and the respective exercise prices, if applicable, were proportionately increased in accordance with the terms of the agreements governing such securities. Shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the conversion of the Company’s preferred stock were proportionately reduced and the respective conversion prices were proportionately increased.

Net loss per share and reclassification of common stock

Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed using the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock and participating securities. The Company’s participating securities do not have a contractual obligation to share in the Company’s losses. As such, the net loss was attributed entirely to common stockholders for all periods presented. Basic net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders calculation, the redeemable convertible preferred stock, common stock options, restricted stock units and common and redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. As the Company has reported a net loss for the periods presented, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same.

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On July 18, 2023, each share of the Company’s common stock issued and outstanding became reclassified as one share of Series A common stock. Any stock certificate that immediately prior to July 18, 2023 represented shares of the Company’s common stock was deemed to represent shares of Series A common stock, without the need for surrender or exchange thereof. Additionally, in connection with the IPO, the Company’s outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 15,117,912 shares of Series A common stock and 1,520,490 shares of Series B common stock. The rights of the holders of Series A common stock and Series B common stock are substantially identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of Series A common stock is entitled to one vote and shares of Series B common stock are non-voting, except as may be required by law. Each share of Series B common stock may be converted at any time into one share of Series A common stock at the option of its holder, subject to certain ownership limitations. As such, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented on a combined basis as undistributed earnings, when allocated to each series of common stock, result in the same net loss per share for all periods presented.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(6,629)	$	(6,587)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		29,039,427		185,137
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.23)	$	(35.58)

The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common, Series A and Series B common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024	2023
Options to purchase Series A common stock	3,518,803	—
Warrant to purchase Series A common stock	1,000	—
Redeemable convertible preferred stock on an as converted basis	—	16,638,476
Options to purchase common stock	—	3,190,450
Warrants to purchase common stock	—	40,268
Warrant to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock	—	79,545
Restricted stock units	1,125,840	—
Total	4,645,643	19,948,739

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40); Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which address issues identified as a result of the complexity associated with applying GAAP for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. This amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within. The adoption of this standard had no impact on the Company’s financial statements.

New accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280)—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. ASU 2023-07 requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an interim and annual basis and provides new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment. ASU 2023-07 is effective for all public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and

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requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is assessing the impact of the adoption of this standard on its disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, a final standard on improvements to income tax disclosures. The standard requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions and applies to all entities subject to income taxes. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is assessing the impact of the adoption of this standard on its disclosures.

3.	Fair value measurements and fair value of financial instruments

The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements as follows:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of cash equivalents and marketable securities. Cash equivalents consist of money market funds and other investments that are readily convertible into cash and have maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition. The carrying amount of cash equivalents was $69.4 million and $74.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which approximates the fair value and was determined based upon Level 1 and Level 2 inputs. Marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale securities and have maturities of more than three months and less than one year at the time of acquisition. The fair value of marketable securities, which are Level 2 financial instruments, is based upon market prices quoted on the last day of the fiscal period or other observable market inputs. The Company obtains pricing information from its investment manager and generally determines the fair value of investment securities using standard observable inputs, including reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, bids and/or offers.

The carrying values of the Company’s accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these liabilities.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability.

The Company’s Level 3 liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of the Series A common stock warrant liability related to the warrant to purchase 1,000 shares of Series A common stock with an exercise price of $69.64 per share and an expiration date of July 18, 2026, the third anniversary date of the closing of the Company’s IPO. The fair value of Series A common stock warrant liability was immaterial as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, as well as the change in fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2024. There were no transfers within the hierarchy during the periods presented.

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Cash equivalents and marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):


		March 31, 2024
	Valuation	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
	Hierarchy	cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	Level 1	$	69,042	$	—	$	—	$	69,042
Corporate debt securities	Level 2		308		—		—		308
Total cash equivalents		$	69,350	$	—	$	—	$	69,350
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper	Level 2		8,968		7		—		8,975
Corporate debt securities	Level 2		2,985		—		(1)		2,984
U.S. Treasury securities	Level 2		4,968		1		—		4,969
Total marketable securities		$	16,921	$	8	$	(1)	$	16,928
Total assets		$	86,271	$	8	$	(1)	$	86,278


		December 31, 2023
	Valuation	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
	Hierarchy	cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	Level 1	$	69,516	$	—	$	—	$	69,516
Corporate debt securities	Level 2		4,622		—		—		4,622
Total cash equivalents		$	74,138	$	—	$	—	$	74,138
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper	Level 2		9,879		19		—		9,898
Corporate debt securities	Level 2		2,945		4		—		2,949
U.S. Treasury securities	Level 2		6,904		7		—		6,911
Total marketable securities		$	19,728	$	30	$	—	$	19,758
Total assets		$	93,866	$	30	$	—	$	93,896

4.	Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):


	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Prepaid insurance	$	305	$	585
Prepaid clinical expenses		373		767
Deferred financing costs		—		323
Other		108		74
Total	$	786	$	1,749

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5.	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):


	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued clinical costs	$	1,362	$	2,668
Accrued payroll-related costs		314		1,105
Accrued research and development costs		1,623		632
Accrued outside services		654		442
Accrued offering costs		—		323
Other		—		233
Total	$	3,953	$	5,403

6.	Related parties

In January 2019, the Company entered into a license agreement that became effective in February 2019 with Ascletis BioScience Co. Ltd (Ascletis), a subsidiary of Ascletis Pharma Inc. (Ascletis Pharma), a biotechnology company incorporated in the Cayman Islands and headquartered in Hangzhou, China, and a Company investor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Ascletis is solely responsible for all development activities in connection with obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals for denifanstat in Greater China. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company accrued $96,000 and $31,000 of expenses, respectively, related to its portion of expenses owed under a sponsored research agreement that is co-sponsored by Ascletis, which are recorded in research and development in the unaudited condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

7.	Commitments and contingencies

Facility lease agreement

On March 12, 2019, the Company executed a 38-month non-cancelable operating lease agreement for 3,030 square feet of office space for its headquarters facility which commenced April 1, 2019. The lease provides for monthly lease payments of approximately $12,000 with annual increases. On December 20, 2021, the lease agreement was amended to extend the term of the lease through June 2024. The Company has accounted for the lease as an operating lease. Operating lease cost for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023 was $37,000.

On April 5, 2024, the lease agreement was amended to (i) extend the lease through June 30, 2025 and (ii) increase the monthly lease payment to approximately $13,000 beginning on the commencement date of July 1, 2024.

Guarantees and indemnifications

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into agreements that contain a variety of representations and provide for general indemnification. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with members of its board of directors and its executive officers that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. To date, the Company has not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. As of March 31, 2024, the Company does not have any material indemnification claims that were probable or reasonably possible and consequently has not recorded related liabilities.

Legal

The Company is not party to any material legal proceedings at this time. From time to time, the Company may become involved in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business.

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8.	Stock-based compensation

The 2023 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (2023 Plan), was adopted by the board of directors, approved by the Company’s stockholders on July 4, 2023, and became effective on July 13, 2023, replacing a prior share-based incentive plan. The number of shares initially reserved for issuance under the 2023 Plan was 2,585,968, which automatically increased by 855,016 shares on January 1, 2024 and will increase each January 1 thereafter, by (i) 4% of the outstanding number of shares of our Series A common stock on the immediately preceding December 31 or (ii) a lesser number of shares as determined by the compensation committee of the board of directors. As such, as of March 31, 2024, the maximum number of shares with respect to which awards may be issued under the 2023 Plan was 3,440,984, and 2,276,663 shares were available for future grant thereunder.

The Company has recorded aggregate stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of stock option awards to employees and non-employees in the unaudited condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Stock options	$	449	$	767
Restricted stock units		310		—
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	759	$	767
Included in:
General and administrative expense	$	513	$	598
Research and development expense		246		169
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	759	$	767

Stock options

The Company’s stock options consist of (i) time-based options, which vest and become exercisable, subject to the participant’s continued employment or service through the applicable vesting date and (ii) performance-based options, which vest based on performance measures against predetermined objectives that could include successful completion of qualified equity offerings or announced topline results for clinical trials and positive clinical results over a specified performance period. The Company’s time-based options granted have various vesting schedules that may range from vesting immediately to vesting over four years.

The following table summarizes stock option activity (in thousands, except share and per share data):


				Weighted-
	Number of			Average
	Shares	Weighted-		Remaining
	Underlying	Average		Contractual	Aggregate
	Outstanding	Exercise		Term	Intrinsic
	Options	Price		(in Years)	Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2024	3,753,507	$	7.99	7.1	$	8
Options granted	38,481		5.48
Options exercised	(17,995)		6.36
Options forfeited/expired	(255,190)		13.27
Outstanding, March 31, 2024 (a)	3,518,803	$	7.59	6.7	$	8
Vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2024	2,268,998	$	7.00	5.7	$	8

____________

(a)

Includes 619,742 performance-based options with a weighted-average exercise price of $6.38, almost all of which were fully vested and exercisable.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the weighted average grant-date fair value per share of stock options granted was $4.34 and nil, respectively, and the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $0.1 million and nil, respectively. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, cash received from the exercise of options was $0.1 million and nil, respectively.

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As of March 31, 2024, there was $8.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 2.5 years.

Restricted stock units

The Company’s restricted stock units generally vest over a four-year period in equal amounts on an annual basis, provided the employee remains continuously employed with the Company. The fair value of the restricted stock units is equal to the closing price of the Company’s Series A common stock on the grant date.

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity:


		Weighted-Average
	Restricted	Grant Date
	Stock Units	Fair Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2024	1,132,410	$	2.96
Forfeited/expired	(6,570)		2.96
Outstanding, March 31, 2024	1,125,840	$	2.96

As of March 31, 2024 the total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock units was $2.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 3.3 years.

Valuation assumptions

The fair value of each stock option granted was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024
Expected volatility	96.0	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.1	%
Dividend yield	—
Expected term (in years)	6.1

There were no stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The expected term of the stock options represents the average of the contractual term of the options and the weighted-average expected vesting period. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The expected volatility rate was based on the historical volatilities of comparable companies in the Company’s industry. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and does not presently plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, the Company used an expected dividend yield of zero.

Employee stock purchase plan

The 2023 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the ESPP), was adopted by the board of directors with an initial total of 215,497 shares of Series A common stock reserved for issuance under this plan, which automatically increased on January 1, 2024 and will increase each January 1 thereafter through January 1, 2033, by the least of (i) 215,497 shares of Series A common stock, (ii) 1% of the outstanding number of shares of the Company’s Series A common stock on the immediately preceding December 31 or (iii) such lesser number of shares of Series A common stock as determined by the administrator of the ESPP. On January 1, 2024 and in accordance with the ESPP, the authorized shares were increased by 213,754 shares for a total of 429,251 shares of Series A common stock available under the ESPP. No shares of Series A common stock have been issued under the ESPP to date; the first offering period under the ESPP is expected to commence in the second quarter of 2024.

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our unaudited condensed financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 (Quarterly Report). This discussion and analysis and other parts of this Quarterly Report contain forward-looking statements based upon our current plans and expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, such as statements regarding our plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and beliefs. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. You should carefully read the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report to gain an understanding of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapeutics called fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitors that target dysfunctional metabolic pathways in diseases resulting from the overproduction of the fatty acid, palmitate. Our lead drug candidate, denifanstat, is an oral, once-daily pill and selective FASN inhibitor in development for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Denifanstat has been studied in over 740 people to date in our clinical trials, including our FASCINATE-1 and -2 clinical trials, and we are currently designing a pivotal Phase 3 program for denifanstat in MASH, which we plan to initiate in the second half of 2024 following our expected End-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA in the second quarter of 2024. In January 2024, we announced positive topline results from the Phase 2b FASCINATE-2 clinical trial, evaluating denifanstat in biopsy-confirmed MASH patients with stage F2 or F3 fibrosis compared to placebo at week 52. The FASCINATE-2 Phase 2b clinical trial achieved statistically significant results on primary and multiple secondary endpoints at week 52 in 168 MASH patients, including statistically significant improvements in MASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis with ≥2-point reduction in NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) (denifanstat 36% vs. placebo 13%, p=0.0022), and ≥2-point reduction in NAS without worsening of fibrosis (denifanstat 52% vs. placebo 20%, p=0.0001). Denifanstat-treated patients also showed statistically significant fibrosis improvement by ≥ 1 stage with no worsening of MASH (denifanstat 41% vs. placebo 18%, p=0.0051), and also showed statistical significance in fibrosis improvement by an independent approach of artificial intelligence (AI) digital pathology-based qFibrosis assessment. Analyses of liver fat showed a greater proportion of MRI-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) ≥30% responders relative to placebo (denifanstat 65% vs. placebo 21%, p<0.0001). MRI-PDFF responders are patients with ≥8% liver fat content at baseline who achieve a ≥30% relative reduction of liver fat at the end of treatment. Additionally, our precision medicine approach is core to our development strategy in MASH and includes the identification of pharmacodynamic and predictive biomarkers to confirm target engagement and clinical response in patients treated with denifanstat.

We are also evaluating the promise of FASN inhibition, beyond MASH, in additional disease areas in which dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism also plays a key role, including in acne and certain forms of cancer. Denifanstat is currently being tested in China by the Company’s license partner, Ascletis, a subsidiary of Ascletis Pharma in a Phase 3 clinical trial for moderate to severe acne vulgaris, and a Phase 3 trial in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in combination with bevacizumab. These results will inform our development strategy in these indications. We have completed IND-enabling studies for a second clinical candidate FASN inhibitor, TVB-3567.

Since our inception, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to researching, discovering and developing our pipeline of proprietary FASN inhibitors and other drug targets, organizing and staffing our company, performing business planning, establishing our intellectual property portfolio, raising capital and general and administration activities to support and expand such activities. We do not have any products approved for sale and have not generated any revenue from product sales. Our revenues to date have been generated solely from the license agreement with Ascletis.

To date, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private equity and debt financings, including our initial public offering (IPO) of Series A common stock in July 2023 and our follow-on offering in January 2024, from which we received aggregate net proceeds of $190.9 million. Prior to these public offerings, we raised $233.3 million in gross proceeds from the sale of our redeemable convertible preferred stock and convertible notes. We will continue to require additional capital to develop our drug candidates and fund operations for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, until such time as we can generate significant revenue from sales of our drug candidates, if ever, we expect to finance our cash needs through equity or debt financings, third-party funding and marketing and distribution arrangements, as well as other collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements, or any combination of these approaches.

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As of March 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $193.7 million. We do not expect to generate any revenue from commercial product sales unless and until we successfully complete development and obtain regulatory approval for one or more of our drug candidates, which we expect will take a number of years, if ever. We expect our expenses will increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, as we:

●

advance drug candidates through preclinical studies and clinical trials;

●

require the manufacture of supplies for our preclinical studies and clinical trials;

●

pursue regulatory approval of drug candidates;

●

hire additional personnel;

●

continue to operate as a public company;

●

acquire, discover, validate and develop additional drug candidates; and

●

obtain, maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio.

We rely and will continue to rely on third parties in the conduct of our preclinical studies and clinical trials and for manufacturing and supply of our drug candidates. We have no internal manufacturing capabilities, and we will continue to rely on third parties for our preclinical study and clinical trial materials. Given our stage of development, we do not yet have a marketing or sales organization or commercial infrastructure. Accordingly, if we obtain regulatory approval for any of our drug candidates, we also expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution.

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development, we are unable to predict the timing or amount of increased expenses or when or if we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability. Even if we are able to generate revenue from the sale of our products, if any, we may not become profitable. If we fail to become profitable or are unable to sustain profitability on a continuing basis, then we may be unable to continue our operations at planned levels and may be forced to reduce our operations.

Components of results of operations

Revenue

We have not generated any revenue from product sales and do not expect to generate any revenue from product sales for the foreseeable future. Our revenues to date have been generated solely from the license agreement with Ascletis. We expect that our revenue for the next several years will be derived primarily from this agreement and any additional collaboration that we may enter into the future. We did not recognize any revenues from our Agreement with Ascletis during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Operating expenses

Research and development. Research and development expenses represent costs incurred in performing research, development and manufacturing activities in support of our own product development efforts and include personnel-related costs (such as salaries, employee benefits and stock-based compensation) for our personnel in research and development functions; costs related to acquiring, developing and manufacturing supplies for preclinical studies, clinical trials and other studies, including fees paid to contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs); costs and expenses related to agreements with contract research organizations, investigative sites and consultants to conduct non-clinical and preclinical studies and clinical trials; professional and consulting services costs; and facility and other allocated costs. We do not track research and development expenses by drug candidate.

We expect our research and development expenses to increase substantially in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we advance our drug candidates into and through preclinical studies and clinical trials, pursue regulatory approval of our drug candidates and expand our pipeline of drug candidates. The process of conducting the necessary preclinical and clinical research to obtain regulatory

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approval is costly and time-consuming. The actual probability of success for our drug candidates may be affected by a variety of factors, including the safety and efficacy of our drug candidates, early clinical data, investment in our clinical programs, competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability. We may never succeed in achieving regulatory approval for any of our drug candidates. As a result of the uncertainties discussed above, we are unable to determine the duration and completion costs of our research and development projects or if, when and to what extent we will generate revenue from the commercialization and sale of our drug candidates.

Our clinical development costs may vary significantly based on factors such as:

●

difficulties obtaining regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial or complying with conditions imposed by a regulatory authority regarding the scope or term of a clinical trial;

●

conditions imposed on us by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or other regulatory authorities regarding the scope or design of our clinical trials;

●

delays in reaching or failing to reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective clinical research organizations (CROs), CMOs, and trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly;

●

insufficient supply of our drug candidates or other materials necessary to conduct and complete our clinical trials;

●

difficulties obtaining institutional review board (IRB) approval, or positive ethics committee opinions to conduct a clinical trial at a prospective site;

●

slow enrollment and retention rate of subjects in our clinical trials;

●

the FDA or other regulatory authority requiring alterations to any of our study designs, our preclinical strategy or our manufacturing plans;

●

governmental or regulatory delays and changes in regulatory requirements, policy and guidelines;

●

serious and unexpected drug-related side effects related to the drug candidate being tested;

●

lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial;

●

subjects experiencing severe or unexpected drug-related adverse effects;

●

occurrence of severe adverse effects in clinical trials of the same class of agents conducted by other companies;

●

any changes to our manufacturing process, suppliers or formulation that may be necessary or desired;

●

third-party vendors not performing manufacturing and distribution services in a timely manner or to sufficient quality standards;

●

third-party clinical investigators losing the licenses or permits necessary to perform our clinical trials, not performing our clinical trials on our anticipated schedule or consistent with the clinical trial protocol, good clinical practice (GCP), or other regulatory requirements;

●

third-party contractors not performing data collection or analysis in a timely or accurate manner;

●

third-party contractors becoming debarred or suspended or otherwise penalized by the FDA or other government or regulatory authorities for violations of regulatory requirements, in which case we may need to find a substitute contractor, and we may not be able to use some or all of the data produced by such contractors in support of our marketing applications; and

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●

failure of our third-party contractors, such as CROs and CMOs, or our investigators to comply with regulatory requirements or otherwise meet their contractual obligations in a timely manner.

General and administrative. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of costs and expenses related to: personnel (including salaries, employee benefits and stock-based compensation) in our executive, finance and accounting and other administrative functions; legal services, including relating to intellectual property and corporate matters; accounting, auditing, consulting and tax services; insurance; information technology; and facility and other allocated costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses.

We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase substantially in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we increase our headcount to support our continued research and development activities and grow our business. We also anticipate that we will incur increased expenses as a result of operating as a public company, including expenses related to audit, legal, regulatory and tax-related services associated with maintaining compliance with Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules and regulations and those of any national securities exchange on which our securities are traded, additional insurance expenses, investor relations activities and other administrative and professional services.

Other income (expense), net. Our other income (expense), net primarily includes interest income earned and changes in the fair value of our Series A common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock related instruments. In connection with our IPO, all outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock and related instruments were converted into Series A and Series B common stock and, with the exception of certain Series A common stock warrants, are no longer subject to remeasurement. Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.

Results of operations

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
Operating expenses:
Research and development		5,262		4,487		775	17	%
General and administrative		3,506		2,278		1,228	54	%
Total operating expenses		8,768		6,765		2,003	30	%
Loss from operations		(8,768)		(6,765)		(2,003)	30	%
Other income, net:
Change in fair value of stock warrant liability		—		(2)		2	(100)	%
Interest income and other		2,139		180		1,959	nm
Total other income, net		2,139		178		1,961	nm
Net loss	$	(6,629)	$	(6,587)	$	(42)	1	%

nm—not meaningful

Research and development. Our research and development expense increased by $0.8 million, or 17%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. This increase was primarily due to the net effect of (i) a $1.6 million increase in clinical manufacturing costs related to the conduct of clinical pharmacology trials of denifanstat, (ii) a $1.6 million decrease in clinical trial costs due to the completion of patient dosing in our FASCINATE-2 Phase 2b trial in 2023 and (iii) a $0.6 million increase in costs related to other research and pre-clinical activities.

General and administrative. Our general and administrative expenses increased by $1.2 million, or 54%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to (i) a $0.5 million increase in personnel related expenses, primarily related to a $0.3 million increase in salaries related to newly hired executives, (ii) a $0.4 million increase in insurance

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and corporate taxes due to the Company becoming a public entity during 2023 and (iii) a $0.3 million increase in professional fees largely due to public company compliance.

Other income, net. Our other income, net increased by $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to an increase of interest income earned on the cash proceeds received from the IPO and the January 2024 follow-on offering.

Liquidity and capital resources

As of March 31, 2024, we have relied on private equity and debt financings and our public offerings to fund our operations. We have incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception, including net losses of $6.6 million and $6.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $193.7 million. We will require substantial additional capital to fund our research and development and ongoing operating expenses in the short and long term.

Based on our current business plans, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities will be sufficient for us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months from the date of this Quarterly Report. In the future, we may need to raise additional funds until we are able to generate sufficient revenues to fund our development activities. Our future operating activities, coupled with our plans to raise capital or issue debt financing, may provide additional liquidity in the future, however these actions are not solely within our control and we are unable to predict the outcome of these actions to generate the liquidity ultimately required.

Our primary uses of cash are to fund our operations, which consist primarily of research and development expenditures related to our programs and, to a lesser extent, general and administrative expenditures. We anticipate that we will continue to incur significant expenses for the foreseeable future as we continue to advance our drug candidates, expand our corporate infrastructure, including the costs associated with being a public company, further our research and development initiatives for our drug candidates, scale our laboratory and manufacturing operations, and incur marketing costs associated with potential commercialization. We are subject to all of the risks typically related to the development of new drug candidates, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. We anticipate that we will need substantial additional funding in connection with our continuing operations.

Until we can generate a sufficient amount of revenue from the commercialization of our drug candidates or additional revenue from collaboration agreements with third parties, if ever, we expect to finance our future cash needs through public or private equity or debt financings, third-party (including government) funding and marketing and distribution arrangements, as well as other collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements, or any combination of these approaches. The sale of equity or convertible debt securities may result in dilution to our stockholders and, in the case of preferred equity securities or convertible debt, those securities could provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of our common stock. Debt financings may subject us to covenant limitations or restrictions on our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. Our ability to raise additional funds may be adversely impacted by macroeconomic conditions, disruptions to and volatility in the credit and financial markets and geopolitical turmoil. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in acquiring additional funding at levels sufficient to fund our operations or on terms favorable or acceptable to us. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing when needed or on terms favorable or acceptable to us, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our research and development programs.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

●

difficulties obtaining regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial or complying with conditions imposed by a regulatory authority regarding the scope or term of a clinical trial;

●

conditions imposed on us by the FDA or other regulatory authorities regarding the scope or design of our clinical trials;

●

delays in reaching or failing to reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective CROs, CMOs, and trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly;

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●

insufficient supply of our drug candidates or other materials necessary to conduct and complete our clinical trials;

●

difficulties obtaining IRB or ethics committee approval to conduct a clinical trial at a prospective site;

●

slow enrollment and retention rate of subjects in our clinical trials;

●

the FDA or other regulatory authority requiring alterations to any of our study designs, our preclinical strategy or our manufacturing plans;

●

governmental or regulatory delays and changes in regulatory requirements, policy and guidelines; serious and unexpected drug-related side effects related to the drug candidate being tested;

●

lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial;

●

subjects experiencing severe or unexpected drug-related adverse effects;

●

occurrence of severe adverse effects in clinical trials of the same class of agents conducted by other companies;

●

any changes to our manufacturing process, suppliers or formulation that may be necessary or desired;

●

third-party vendors not performing manufacturing and distribution services in a timely manner or to sufficient quality standards;

●

third-party contractors not performing data collection or analysis in a timely or accurate manner;

●

failure of our third-party contractors, such as CROs and CMOs, or our investigators to comply with regulatory requirements or otherwise meet their contractual obligations in a timely manner.

A change in the outcome of any of these or other variables could significantly change our costs and timing associated with the development of our drug candidates. Furthermore, our operating plans may change in the future, and we may need additional funds to meet operational needs and capital requirements associated with such change.

Sources and uses of cash

The following table sets forth our primary sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$	(6,208)	$	(7,084)
Investing activities		3,000		19,400
Financing activities		104,846		(136)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	101,638	$	12,180

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Cash flows from operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities was $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, consisting of a net loss of $6.6 million and net changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $0.2 million, partially offset by non-cash adjustments of $0.6 million. The non-cash adjustments primarily consisted of stock-based compensation expense of $0.8 million, partly offset by $0.2 million of non-cash accretion of the discount on our marketable securities. Changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of decreases in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $0.8 million and prepaid expenses and other current assets of $0.6 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $7.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, consisting of a net loss of $6.6 million and a change in our operating assets and liabilities of $1.3 million, partially offset by non-cash adjustments of $0.8 million for stock-based compensation expense. Changes in our operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of a decrease to our accounts payable and accrued expenses of $1.2 million.

Cash flows from investing activities. Net cash provided by investing activities was $3.0 million and $19.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and for the three months ended March 31, 2023, respectively, and related to proceeds received from the sale of marketable securities.

Cash flows from financing activities. Net cash provided by financing activities was $104.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which primarily related to the net impact of (i) gross cash proceeds of $112.5 million received from the sale of Series A common stock in our January 2024 follow-on offering and (ii) cash payments of $7.8 million related to issuance costs from the sale of Series A common stock.

Net cash used in financing activities was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and was attributable to the payment of deferred financing costs related to our IPO.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

We prepare our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no material changes to our critical accounting estimates or in the methodology used for estimates from those described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Emerging growth company and smaller reporting status

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the JOBS Act). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. Other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements under the JOBS Act for emerging growth companies include an exemption from the requirement to provide an auditor’s report on internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, an exemption from any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation and less extensive disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements. We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that (i) we are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) we affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of our first fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more, (ii) December 31, 2028, (iii) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, under the rules of the SEC, which means the market value of equity securities that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million

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as of the prior June 30th and (iv) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.

We are also a “smaller reporting company,” meaning that the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million and our annual revenue was less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million or (ii) our annual revenue is less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million. If we are a smaller reporting company at the time we cease to be an emerging growth company, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

See “Notes to the Financial Statements—Note 2” included in our unaudited interim financial statements in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for more information.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, (Exchange Act), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of March 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in this Quarterly Report was (a) reported within the time periods specified by the SEC rules and regulations, and (b) communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding any required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal proceedings.

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Our management believes that there are currently no claims or actions pending against us, the ultimate disposition of which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

(a) Recent sales of unregistered equity securities

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

(b) Use of proceeds from initial public offering of common stock

On July 18, 2023, we completed our IPO. Our registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-256648) relating to the IPO was declared effective by the SEC on July 13, 2023. We issued an aggregate of 5,312,500 shares of our Series A common stock at a price of $16.00 per share. The aggregate gross proceeds of the IPO were $96.4 million, inclusive of an additional 714,272 shares of Series A common stock sold upon the partial exercise of the underwriters' purchase option. We received approximately $86.2 million in net proceeds after deducting approximately $6.7 million in underwriting discounts and commissions and approximately $3.5 million in other offering costs. None of the expenses associated with the IPO were paid to directors, officers, persons owning 10% or more of any class of equity securities, or to their associates, or to our affiliates. Goldman Sachs & Co., Cowen and Company and Piper Sandler & Co. acted as joint book-running managers for the IPO, and JMP Securities acted as lead manager.

There has been no material change in our planned use of the net proceeds from the IPO as described in our final prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act with the SEC on July 17, 2023.

(c) Issuer purchases of equity securities

None.

Item 3. Defaults upon senior securities.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine safety disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other information

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1 under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" (as those terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K), except as follows:

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On February 27, 2024, George Kemble, Ph.D., our Executive Chairman, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale of up to 299,308 shares of our Series A common stock, subject to certain conditions. The arrangement's expiration date is December 15, 2024.

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Item 6. Exhibits.


Exhibit Number	Description		Method of Filing


10.1		Amended and Restated Warrant to Purchase Common Stock		Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-276664) filed on January 23, 2024

31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002		Filed herewith

31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002		Filed herewith

32.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2022		Furnished herewith

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document		Filed herewith

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document		Filed herewith

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document		Filed herewith

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document		Filed herewith

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document		Filed herewith

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document		Filed herewith

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)		Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES, INC.

Date: May 15, 2024	By:	/s/ David Happel
		David Happel
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)


Date: May 15, 2024	By:	/s/ Thierry Chauche
		Thierry Chauche
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, David Happel, certify that:

I have reviewed this Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2024 of Sagimet Biosciences Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 15, 2024	By:	/s/ David Happel
		David Happel
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Thierry Chauche, certify that:

I have reviewed this Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2024 of Sagimet Biosciences Inc.;

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

[
Date: May 15, 2024	By:	/s/ Thierry Chauche
		Thierry Chauche
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Sagimet Biosciences Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of their knowledge:

(1)

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 15, 2024	By:	/s/ David Happel
		David Happel
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 15, 2024	By:	/s/ Thierry Chauche
		Thierry Chauche
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Mar. 31, 2024	May 10, 2024
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-41742
Entity Registrant Name	Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-5991472
Entity Address, Address Line One	155 Bovet Road, Suite 303
Entity Address, City or Town	San Mateo
Entity Address State Or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94402
City Area Code	650
Local Phone Number	561-8600
Title of 12(b) Security	Series A Common Stock,$0.0001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	SGMT
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		30,393,397
Entity Central Index Key	0001400118
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 176,777	$ 75,139
Marketable securities	16,928	19,758
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	786	1,749
Total current assets	194,491	96,646
Operating lease right-of-use assets	37	73
Total assets	194,528	96,719
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	531	186
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (includes $96 and $31 payable to related parties as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	3,953	5,403
Operating lease liabilities	26	65
Total liabilities	4,510	5,654
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' equity, $0.0001 par value:
Undesignated preferred stock, $0.0001 per share: 10,000,000 shares authorized; No shares issued and outstanding
Additional paid-in capital	446,381	340,777
Accumulated deficit	(256,373)	(249,744)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	7	30
Total stockholders' equity	190,018	91,065
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	194,528	96,719
Series A Common Stock
Stockholders' equity, $0.0001 par value:
Common stock	3	2
Series B Common Stock
Stockholders' equity, $0.0001 par value:
Common stock

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 3,953,000	$ 5,403,000
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Related party
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 96,000	$ 31,000
Series A Common Stock
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	30,393,397	21,375,402
Common stock, shares outstanding	30,393,397	21,375,402
Series B Common Stock
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	15,000,000	15,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	1,520,490	1,520,490
Common stock, shares outstanding	1,520,490	1,520,490

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$ 5,262	$ 4,487
General and administrative	3,506	2,278
Total operating expenses	8,768	6,765
Loss from operations	(8,768)	(6,765)
Other income, net:
Change in fair value of stock warrant liability		(2)
Interest income and other	2,139	180
Total other income, net	2,139	178
Net loss	(6,629)	(6,587)
Other comprehensive gain (loss):
Net unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities	(23)	71
Total other comprehensive gain (loss)	(23)	71
Comprehensive loss	$ (6,652)	$ (6,516)
Net loss per share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.23)	$ (35.58)
Net loss per share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.23)	$ (35.58)
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	29,039,427	185,137
Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	29,039,427	185,137

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common stock Series A Common Stock	Common stock Series B Common Stock	Common stock	Additional paid-in capital	Accumulated deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	Series A Common Stock	Series B Common Stock	Total
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022			$ 1	$ 35,001	$ (221,868)	$ (84)			$ (186,950)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			185,084
Increase (Decrease) In Stockholders' Deficit
Stock-based compensation expense				767					767
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments in marketable securities						71			71
Net loss					(6,587)				(6,587)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023			$ 1	35,768	(228,455)	(13)			(192,699)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023			185,084
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 2			340,777	(249,744)	30			91,065
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	21,375,402	1,520,490					21,375,402	1,520,490
Increase (Decrease) In Stockholders' Deficit
Sale of Series A common stock, net of issuance costs	$ 1			104,731					104,732
Sale of Series A common stock, net of issuance costs (in shares)	9,000,000
Issuance of Series A Common Stock upon exercise of stock options				114					$ 114
Issuance of Series A Common Stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	17,995								17,995
Stock-based compensation expense				759					$ 759
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments in marketable securities						(23)			(23)
Net loss					(6,629)				(6,629)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 3			$ 446,381	$ (256,373)	$ 7			$ 190,018
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024	30,393,397	1,520,490					30,393,397	1,520,490

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Temporary - 3 months ended Mar. 31, 2023 $ in Thousands	Redeemable convertible preferred stock USD ($) shares
Beginning balance, Temporary equity at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 214,620
Beginning balance, Temporary equity (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 \| shares	1,373,730,625
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity
Net loss	$ 0
Ending balance, Temporary equity at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 214,620
Ending balance, Temporary equity (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023 \| shares	1,373,730,625

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (6,629)	$ (6,587)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Accretion of discount on marketable securities, net	(193)	(35)
Non-cash lease expense	36	34
Stock-based compensation expense	759	767
Change in fair value of stock warrant liability		2
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	640	(37)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(782)	(1,193)
Operating lease liabilities	(39)	(35)
Net cash used in operating activities	(6,208)	(7,084)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales of marketable securities	3,000	19,400
Net cash provided by investing activities	3,000	19,400
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of Series A common stock, net of underwriter commissions and discounts	105,750
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	114	0
Payment of financing costs	(1,018)	(136)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	104,846	(136)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	101,638	12,180
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	75,139	158
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 176,777	12,338
Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
Deferred financing costs within accounts payable and accrued expenses		$ 1,197

Organization and description of business

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization and description of business

Organization and description of business

SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES INC.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.	Organization and description of business

Emerging growth company status

Risks and liquidity

Summary of significant accounting policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Summary of significant accounting policies

Summary of significant accounting policies

2.	Significant accounting policies

Reverse stock split

Net loss per share and reclassification of common stock

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(6,629)	$	(6,587)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		29,039,427		185,137
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.23)	$	(35.58)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024	2023
Options to purchase Series A common stock	3,518,803	—
Warrant to purchase Series A common stock	1,000	—
Redeemable convertible preferred stock on an as converted basis	—	16,638,476
Options to purchase common stock	—	3,190,450
Warrants to purchase common stock	—	40,268
Warrant to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock	—	79,545
Restricted stock units	1,125,840	—
Total	4,645,643	19,948,739

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

New accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is assessing the impact of the adoption of this standard on its disclosures.

Fair value measurements and fair value of financial instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair value measurements and fair value of financial instruments

Fair value measurements and fair value of financial instruments

3.	Fair value measurements and fair value of financial instruments

The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements as follows:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The carrying values of the Company’s accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these liabilities.

Cash equivalents and marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):


		March 31, 2024
	Valuation	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
	Hierarchy	cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	Level 1	$	69,042	$	—	$	—	$	69,042
Corporate debt securities	Level 2		308		—		—		308
Total cash equivalents		$	69,350	$	—	$	—	$	69,350
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper	Level 2		8,968		7		—		8,975
Corporate debt securities	Level 2		2,985		—		(1)		2,984
U.S. Treasury securities	Level 2		4,968		1		—		4,969
Total marketable securities		$	16,921	$	8	$	(1)	$	16,928
Total assets		$	86,271	$	8	$	(1)	$	86,278


		December 31, 2023
	Valuation	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
	Hierarchy	cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	Level 1	$	69,516	$	—	$	—	$	69,516
Corporate debt securities	Level 2		4,622		—		—		4,622
Total cash equivalents		$	74,138	$	—	$	—	$	74,138
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper	Level 2		9,879		19		—		9,898
Corporate debt securities	Level 2		2,945		4		—		2,949
U.S. Treasury securities	Level 2		6,904		7		—		6,911
Total marketable securities		$	19,728	$	30	$	—	$	19,758
Total assets		$	93,866	$	30	$	—	$	93,896

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

4.	Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):


	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Prepaid insurance	$	305	$	585
Prepaid clinical expenses		373		767
Deferred financing costs		—		323
Other		108		74
Total	$	786	$	1,749

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

5.	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):


	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued clinical costs	$	1,362	$	2,668
Accrued payroll-related costs		314		1,105
Accrued research and development costs		1,623		632
Accrued outside services		654		442
Accrued offering costs		—		323
Other		—		233
Total	$	3,953	$	5,403

Related parties

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Related parties

Related parties

6.	Related parties

Commitments and contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies

7.	Commitments and contingencies

Facility lease agreement

Guarantees and indemnifications

Legal

Stock-based compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation

8.	Stock-based compensation


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Stock options	$	449	$	767
Restricted stock units		310		—
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	759	$	767
Included in:
General and administrative expense	$	513	$	598
Research and development expense		246		169
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	759	$	767

Stock options

The following table summarizes stock option activity (in thousands, except share and per share data):


				Weighted-
	Number of			Average
	Shares	Weighted-		Remaining
	Underlying	Average		Contractual	Aggregate
	Outstanding	Exercise		Term	Intrinsic
	Options	Price		(in Years)	Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2024	3,753,507	$	7.99	7.1	$	8
Options granted	38,481		5.48
Options exercised	(17,995)		6.36
Options forfeited/expired	(255,190)		13.27
Outstanding, March 31, 2024 (a)	3,518,803	$	7.59	6.7	$	8
Vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2024	2,268,998	$	7.00	5.7	$	8

____________

(a)

Includes 619,742 performance-based options with a weighted-average exercise price of $6.38, almost all of which were fully vested and exercisable.

Restricted stock units

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity:


		Weighted-Average
	Restricted	Grant Date
	Stock Units	Fair Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2024	1,132,410	$	2.96
Forfeited/expired	(6,570)		2.96
Outstanding, March 31, 2024	1,125,840	$	2.96

Valuation assumptions

The fair value of each stock option granted was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024
Expected volatility	96.0	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.1	%
Dividend yield	—
Expected term (in years)	6.1

There were no stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Employee stock purchase plan

Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Summary of significant accounting policies

Reverse stock split

Reverse stock split

Net loss per share and reclassification of common stock

Net loss per share and reclassification of common stock

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(6,629)	$	(6,587)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		29,039,427		185,137
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.23)	$	(35.58)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024	2023
Options to purchase Series A common stock	3,518,803	—
Warrant to purchase Series A common stock	1,000	—
Redeemable convertible preferred stock on an as converted basis	—	16,638,476
Options to purchase common stock	—	3,190,450
Warrants to purchase common stock	—	40,268
Warrant to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock	—	79,545
Restricted stock units	1,125,840	—
Total	4,645,643	19,948,739

New accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

New accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is assessing the impact of the adoption of this standard on its disclosures.

Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Summary of significant accounting policies

Schedule of basic and diluted loss per share


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(6,629)	$	(6,587)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		29,039,427		185,137
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.23)	$	(35.58)

Schedule of potentially dilutive securities


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024	2023
Options to purchase Series A common stock	3,518,803	—
Warrant to purchase Series A common stock	1,000	—
Redeemable convertible preferred stock on an as converted basis	—	16,638,476
Options to purchase common stock	—	3,190,450
Warrants to purchase common stock	—	40,268
Warrant to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock	—	79,545
Restricted stock units	1,125,840	—
Total	4,645,643	19,948,739

Fair value measurements and fair value of financial instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair value measurements and fair value of financial instruments

Schedule of marketable securities, available-for-sale

Cash equivalents and marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):


		March 31, 2024
	Valuation	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
	Hierarchy	cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	Level 1	$	69,042	$	—	$	—	$	69,042
Corporate debt securities	Level 2		308		—		—		308
Total cash equivalents		$	69,350	$	—	$	—	$	69,350
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper	Level 2		8,968		7		—		8,975
Corporate debt securities	Level 2		2,985		—		(1)		2,984
U.S. Treasury securities	Level 2		4,968		1		—		4,969
Total marketable securities		$	16,921	$	8	$	(1)	$	16,928
Total assets		$	86,271	$	8	$	(1)	$	86,278


		December 31, 2023
	Valuation	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
	Hierarchy	cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	Level 1	$	69,516	$	—	$	—	$	69,516
Corporate debt securities	Level 2		4,622		—		—		4,622
Total cash equivalents		$	74,138	$	—	$	—	$	74,138
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper	Level 2		9,879		19		—		9,898
Corporate debt securities	Level 2		2,945		4		—		2,949
U.S. Treasury securities	Level 2		6,904		7		—		6,911
Total marketable securities		$	19,728	$	30	$	—	$	19,758
Total assets		$	93,866	$	30	$	—	$	93,896

Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Schedule of prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):


	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Prepaid insurance	$	305	$	585
Prepaid clinical expenses		373		767
Deferred financing costs		—		323
Other		108		74
Total	$	786	$	1,749

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):


	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued clinical costs	$	1,362	$	2,668
Accrued payroll-related costs		314		1,105
Accrued research and development costs		1,623		632
Accrued outside services		654		442
Accrued offering costs		—		323
Other		—		233
Total	$	3,953	$	5,403

Stock-based compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Stock-based compensation

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Stock options	$	449	$	767
Restricted stock units		310		—
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	759	$	767
Included in:
General and administrative expense	$	513	$	598
Research and development expense		246		169
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	759	$	767

Schedule of option activity transactions

The following table summarizes stock option activity (in thousands, except share and per share data):


				Weighted-
	Number of			Average
	Shares	Weighted-		Remaining
	Underlying	Average		Contractual	Aggregate
	Outstanding	Exercise		Term	Intrinsic
	Options	Price		(in Years)	Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2024	3,753,507	$	7.99	7.1	$	8
Options granted	38,481		5.48
Options exercised	(17,995)		6.36
Options forfeited/expired	(255,190)		13.27
Outstanding, March 31, 2024 (a)	3,518,803	$	7.59	6.7	$	8
Vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2024	2,268,998	$	7.00	5.7	$	8

____________

(a)

Includes 619,742 performance-based options with a weighted-average exercise price of $6.38, almost all of which were fully vested and exercisable.

Schedule of restricted stock unit activity


		Weighted-Average
	Restricted	Grant Date
	Stock Units	Fair Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2024	1,132,410	$	2.96
Forfeited/expired	(6,570)		2.96
Outstanding, March 31, 2024	1,125,840	$	2.96

Schedule of fair value assumptions


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024
Expected volatility	96.0	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.1	%
Dividend yield	—
Expected term (in years)	6.1

Organization and description of business (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	2 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Aug. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization and description of business
Accumulated deficit			$ (256,373)	$ (249,744)
Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities			$ 193,700
Series A Common Stock
Organization and description of business
Shares issued (in shares)	9,000,000	6,026,772
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 12.50	$ 16.00
Net proceeds	$ 104,700	$ 86,200
Issuance costs	$ 7,800

Summary of significant accounting policies (Details)	Jul. 18, 2023 shares	Jul. 07, 2023
Summary of significant accounting policies
Reverse stock split		0.012582
Common Class A
Summary of significant accounting policies
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)	15,117,912
Series B Common Stock
Summary of significant accounting policies
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)	1,520,490

Summary of significant accounting policies - EPS (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Numerator:
Net Income (Loss)	$ (6,629)	$ (6,587)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	29,039,427	185,137
Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	29,039,427	185,137
Net loss per share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.23)	$ (35.58)
Net loss per share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.23)	$ (35.58)

Summary of significant accounting policies - Dilutive (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Antidilutive securities
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	4,645,643	19,948,739
Stock options \| Series A Common Stock
Antidilutive securities
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	3,518,803
Stock options \| Common stock
Antidilutive securities
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)		3,190,450
Warrants \| Series A Common Stock
Antidilutive securities
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	1,000
Warrants \| Redeemable convertible preferred stock
Antidilutive securities
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)		79,545
Warrants \| Common stock
Antidilutive securities
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)		40,268
Redeemable convertible preferred stock
Antidilutive securities
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)		16,638,476
Restricted stock units
Antidilutive securities
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	1,125,840

Fair value measurements and fair value of financial instruments - Warrants (Details) - Series A common stock warrant liability	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liability
Warrants issued (in shares) \| shares	1,000
Exercise price of warrant (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 69.64

Fair value measurements and fair value of financial instruments - Fair value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair value on a recurring basis
Cash equivalents fair value	$ 69,400	$ 74,100
Recurring
Fair value on a recurring basis
Unrealized Gains	8	30
Unrealized Losses	(1)
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Commercial paper
Fair value on a recurring basis
Unrealized Gains	7	19
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Corporate debt securities
Fair value on a recurring basis
Unrealized Gains		4
Unrealized Losses	(1)
Recurring \| Level 2 \| U.S. Treasury securities
Fair value on a recurring basis
Unrealized Gains	1	7
Recurring \| Amortized cost
Fair value on a recurring basis
Cash equivalents fair value	69,350	74,138
Marketable securities fair value	16,921	19,728
Total assets fair value	86,271	93,866
Recurring \| Amortized cost \| Level 1 \| Money market funds
Fair value on a recurring basis
Cash equivalents fair value	69,042	69,516
Recurring \| Amortized cost \| Level 2 \| Commercial paper
Fair value on a recurring basis
Marketable securities fair value	8,968	9,879
Recurring \| Amortized cost \| Level 2 \| Corporate debt securities
Fair value on a recurring basis
Cash equivalents fair value	308	4,622
Marketable securities fair value	2,985	2,945
Recurring \| Amortized cost \| Level 2 \| U.S. Treasury securities
Fair value on a recurring basis
Marketable securities fair value	4,968	6,904
Recurring \| Estimated Fair Value
Fair value on a recurring basis
Cash equivalents fair value	69,350	74,138
Marketable securities fair value	16,928	19,758
Total assets fair value	86,278	93,896
Recurring \| Estimated Fair Value \| Level 1 \| Money market funds
Fair value on a recurring basis
Cash equivalents fair value	69,042	69,516
Recurring \| Estimated Fair Value \| Level 2 \| Commercial paper
Fair value on a recurring basis
Marketable securities fair value	8,975	9,898
Recurring \| Estimated Fair Value \| Level 2 \| Corporate debt securities
Fair value on a recurring basis
Cash equivalents fair value	308	4,622
Marketable securities fair value	2,984	2,949
Recurring \| Estimated Fair Value \| Level 2 \| U.S. Treasury securities
Fair value on a recurring basis
Marketable securities fair value	$ 4,969	$ 6,911

Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepaid insurance	$ 305	$ 585
Prepaid clinical expenses	373	767
Deferred financing costs		323
Other	108	74
Total	$ 786	$ 1,749

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Accrued clinical costs	$ 1,362	$ 2,668
Accrued payroll-related costs	314	1,105
Accrued research and development costs	1,623	632
Accrued outside services	654	442
Accrued deferred offering costs		323
Other		233
Total	$ 3,953	$ 5,403

Related parties (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Related parties
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 3,953,000	$ 5,403,000
Related party
Related parties
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 96,000	$ 31,000

Commitments and contingencies (Details)			3 Months Ended
Commitments and contingencies (Details)	Apr. 05, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 12, 2019 USD ($) ft²	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Leases
Operating lease term		38 months
Rented area (in square feet) \| ft²		3,030
Monthly lease payments	$ 13,000	$ 12,000
Operating lease cost			$ 37,000	$ 37,000

Stock-based compensation - Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Stock-based compensation
Total stock-based compensation	$ 759	$ 767
Stock options
Stock-based compensation
Total stock-based compensation	449	767
Restricted Stock Units
Stock-based compensation
Total stock-based compensation	310
General and administrative
Stock-based compensation
Total stock-based compensation	513	598
Research and development
Stock-based compensation
Total stock-based compensation	$ 246	$ 169

Stock-based compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions			3 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2024	Jul. 13, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Stock-based compensation
Intrinsic Value			$ 0.1	$ 0.0
Weighted average grant date fair value			$ 4.34	$ 0
Restricted Stock Units
Stock-based compensation
Vesting period			4 years
Total unrecognized compensation cost			$ 2.9
Weighted average period of years			3 years 3 months 18 days
Balance at the beginning (in shares)	1,132,410		1,132,410
Forfeited/expired (in shares)			(6,570)
Balance at the end (in shares)			1,125,840
Balance at the beginning (in dollars per shares)	$ 2.96		$ 2.96
Forfeited/expired (in dollars per shares)			2.96
Balance at the end (in dollars per shares)			$ 2.96
2023 Equity incentive plan
Stock-based compensation
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)		2,585,968	3,440,984
Annual increase in reserved shares (as a percent)		4.00%
Increase in future issuance (in shares)	855,016
Available for grant (in shares)			2,276,663
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Stock-based compensation
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)		215,497
Annual increase in reserved shares (as a percent)		1.00%
Employee Stock Purchase Plan \| Series A Common Stock
Stock-based compensation
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)		215,497
Increase in future issuance (in shares)	213,754
Available for grant (in shares)	429,251

Stock-based compensation - Stock options (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Number of Shares
Balance at the beginning	3,753,507
Options granted	38,481	0
Options exercised	(17,995)
Options forfeited/expired	(255,190)
Balance at the end	3,518,803		3,753,507
Shares vested and exercisable at the end	2,268,998
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Balance at the beginning (in dollars per share)	$ 7.99
Options granted (in dollars per share)	5.48
Options exercised (in dollars per share)	6.36
Options forfeited/expired (in dollars per share)	13.27
Balance at the end (in dollars per share)	7.59		$ 7.99
Vested and Exercisable at the end (in dollars per share)	$ 7.00
Term and Intrinsic Value
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Outstanding	6 years 8 months 12 days		7 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable	5 years 8 months 12 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding	$ 8		$ 8
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable	$ 8
Weighted average grant date fair value	$ 4.34	$ 0
Intrinsic Value	$ 100	$ 0
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	$ 114	$ 0
Time-based options
Term and Intrinsic Value
Vesting period	4 years
Total unrecognized compensation cost	$ 8,100
Remaining weighted-average period for unrecognized compensation cost	2 years 6 months
Performance-based options
Number of Shares
Balance at the end	619,742
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Balance at the end (in dollars per share)	$ 6.38

Stock-based compensation - Fair value input (Details) - Employee Stock Option	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Stock-based compensation
Expected volatility	96.00%
Risk-free interest rate	4.10%
Dividend yield	0.00%
Expected term	6 years 1 month 6 days

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (6,629)	$ (6,587)

Insider Trading Arrangements - George Kemble, Ph.D.,	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements - George Kemble, Ph.D.,	Mar. 31, 2024 shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement	On February 27, 2024, George Kemble, Ph.D., our Executive Chairman, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale of up to 299,308 shares of our Series A common stock, subject to certain conditions. The arrangement's expiration date is December 15, 2024.
Name	George Kemble, Ph.D.,
Title	Executive Chairman
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	February 27, 2024
Aggregate Available	299,308

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