BNSPF Bank Nova Scotia Halifax (PK)

The information in this “Summary” section is qualified by the more detailed information set forth in this pricing supplement, the accompanying product prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, each filed with the SEC. See “Additional Terms of Your Notes” in this pricing supplement.

The dates listed above are subject to change and will be set forth in the final pricing supplement.

Investing in the Notes involves significant risks. Any payment on the Notes, including any repayment of principal, is subject to the creditworthiness of the Bank. If the Bank were to default on its payment obligations you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the Notes and you could lose your entire investment.

You should read this pricing supplement together with the prospectus dated December 26, 2018, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement dated November 19, 2020 and the product prospectus supplement (Equity Linked Index Notes, Series A) dated November 19, 2020, relating to our Senior Note Program, Series A, of which these Notes are a part. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this pricing supplement will have the meanings given to them in the product prospectus supplement. In the event of any conflict between this pricing supplement and any of the foregoing, the following hierarchy will govern: first, this pricing supplement; second, the accompanying product prospectus supplement; third, the prospectus supplement; and last, the prospectus. The Notes may vary from the terms described in the accompanying prospectus, accompanying prospectus supplement and accompanying product prospectus supplement in several important ways. You should read this pricing supplement carefully, including the documents incorporated by reference herein.

This pricing supplement, together with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the Notes and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, brochures or other educational materials of ours. You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in “Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes” in the accompanying product prospectus supplement, as the Notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisors concerning an investment in the Notes. You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if that address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website).

Product Prospectus Supplement (Equity Linked Index Notes, Series A) dated November 19, 2020:

http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/9631/000091412120004168/bn55448882-424b2.htm

Prospectus Supplement dated November 19, 2020:

http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/9631/000091412120004166/bn55448709-424b3.htm

Prospectus dated December 26, 2018:

http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/9631/000119312518357537/d677731d424b3.htm

The Notes may be suitable for you if:

•	You fully understand and accept the risks inherent in an investment in the Notes, including the risk that you may receive few or no Contingent Coupons over the term of the Notes and the risk that you may lose up to 100% of your investment in the Notes

•	You understand and accept that your return on the Notes is limited to any Contingent Coupons received and that you will not participate in any appreciation of the Reference Asset, which may be significant

•	You do not seek an investment that produces fixed periodic interest payments or other non-contingent sources of current income and you are willing to forgo any dividends or other distributions on the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks

•	You believe that the Closing Value of the Reference Asset on each Observation Date (other than the Final Valuation Date) and the Final Value, as applicable, will be equal to or greater than the Contingent Coupon Barrier Value

•	You believe that, if the Notes are not automatically called, the Final Value will be equal to or greater than the Barrier Value

•

You understand and accept that you will not receive a Contingent Coupon with respect to an Observation Date if the Closing Value of the Reference Asset on that Observation Date or the Final Value, as applicable, is less than the Contingent Coupon Barrier Value and, in the case of an Observation Date prior to the Final Valuation Date, a Contingent Coupon never becomes payable with respect to a subsequent Observation Date

•	You understand and accept that that you may not receive any Contingent Coupons during the term of the Notes

•	You understand and accept that, if the Notes are not automatically called, you will lose some or all of your investment if the Final Value is less than the Barrier Value

•	You understand and accept that the Notes may be automatically called prior to maturity and that you may not be able to reinvest your money in an alternative investment with comparable risk and yield

•	You are willing to accept the market risks associated with the Reference Asset

•	You are willing to hold the Notes to maturity and accept that there may be little or no secondary market for the Notes

•	You are willing to assume the credit risk of the Bank for all payments under the Notes, and understand that if the Bank defaults on its obligations you may not receive any amounts due to you, including any repayment of principal

The Notes may not be suitable for you if:

•	You do not fully understand or are unwilling to accept the risks inherent in an investment in the Notes, including the risk that you may receive few or no Contingent Coupons and the risk that you may lose up to 100% of your investment in the Notes

•	You do not fully understand or are unwilling to accept that your return on the Notes is limited to any Contingent Coupons received, or you seek an investment that participates in any appreciation of the Reference Asset

•	You seek an investment that produces fixed periodic interest or coupon payments or other non-contingent sources of current income and/or you prefer an investment that entitles you to receive dividends or distributions on the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks

•	You believe that the Closing Value of the Reference Asset on one or more Observation Dates and/or that the Final Value will be less than the Contingent Coupon Barrier Value

•	You believe that, if the Notes are not automatically called, the Final Value will be less than the Barrier Value

•	You are unwilling to accept the risk that the Notes may be automatically called prior to scheduled maturity

•	You are unwilling to accept the market risks associated with the Reference Asset

•	You are unable or unwilling to hold the Notes to maturity, or you seek an investment for which there will be a guaranteed secondary market

•	You are unwilling to assume the credit risk of the Bank for all payments under the Notes

The investor suitability considerations identified above are not exhaustive. Whether or not the Notes are a suitable investment for you will depend on your individual circumstances and you should reach an investment decision only after you and your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisors have carefully considered the suitability of an investment in the Notes in light of your particular circumstances. You should also review “Additional Risks” in this pricing supplement and the “Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes” beginning on page PS-6 of the accompanying product prospectus supplement and “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-2 of the accompanying prospectus supplement and on page 5 of the accompanying prospectus for risks related to an investment in the Notes.

The examples set out below are purely hypothetical and included for illustration purposes only. The actual Initial Value, Contingent Coupon Barrier Value and Barrier Value are set forth under “Summary” herein. The “Total Return on the Notes” and “total return”, as used in these examples, is the number, expressed as a percentage, that results from comparing the total amount paid per Note to $1,000. The numbers appearing in the following examples may have been rounded for ease of analysis. The following examples do not take into account any tax consequences from investing in the Notes.

Any payment on the Notes, including any repayment of principal, is subject to the creditworthiness of the Bank. If the Bank were to default on its payment obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the Notes and you could lose your entire investment.

Example 1: The Notes are automatically called following the first Observation Date.

Because the Closing Value of the Reference Asset on the first Observation Date is equal to or greater than the Initial Value, the Notes are automatically called on the applicable Call Settlement Date for a cash payment per Note equal to $1,018.75 (or $1,000 plus the applicable Contingent Coupon). Following the applicable Call Settlement Date, no further payments will be made on the Notes.

Example 2: The Notes are automatically called following the second Observation Date.

* Represents the total unpaid Contingent Coupons accrued as of, but excluding, such Observation Date.

Because the Closing Value of the Reference Asset on the second Observation Date is equal to or greater than the Initial Value, the Notes are automatically called on the applicable Call Settlement Date for a cash payment per Note equal to $1,037.50 (or $1,000 plus (i) the applicable Contingent Coupon and (ii) the Unpaid Contingent Coupon with respect to the first Observation Date). Following the applicable Call Settlement Date, no further payments will be made on the Notes.

Example 3: The Notes are NOT automatically called and the Final Value is equal to or greater than the Barrier Value and Contingent Coupon Barrier Value.

* Represents the total unpaid Contingent Coupons accrued as of, but excluding, such Observation Date.

In this example, the Notes are not automatically called and the Reference Asset Return is -5.00%. Because the Notes are not automatically called and the Final Value is equal to or greater than the Barrier Value and Contingent Coupon Barrier Value, the payment on the Maturity Date per Note is equal to $1,075.00 or $1,000 plus (i) the applicable Contingent Coupon and (ii) the Unpaid Contingent Coupons with respect to the prior Observation Dates). The total payment per Note is $1,075.00.

Example 4: The Notes are NOT automatically called and the Final Value is less than the Barrier Value and Contingent Coupon Barrier Value.

* Represents the total unpaid Contingent Coupons accrued as of, but excluding, such Observation Date.

In this example, the Notes are not automatically called and the Reference Asset Return is -50.00%. Because the Notes are not automatically called and the Final Value is less than the Barrier Value and Contingent Coupon Barrier Value, the Payment at Maturity is $500.00 per Note, calculated as follows:

$1,000 + ($1,000 x Reference Asset Return)

$1,000 + ($1,000 x -50.00%) = $500.00

Examples 4 demonstrates that you will receive payment of any Unpaid Contingent Coupons only if a Contingent Coupon otherwise becomes payable on a subsequent Contingent Coupon Payment Date. Example 4 further demonstrates that, if the Notes are not automatically called and if the Final Value is less than the Barrier Value, your investment in the Notes will be fully exposed to the negative performance of the Reference Asset and you will lose a significant portion or all of the Principal Amount of the Notes.

ADDITIONAL RISKS

An investment in the Notes involves significant risks. In addition to the following risks included in this pricing supplement, we urge you to read “Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes” beginning on page PS-6 of the accompanying product prospectus supplement and “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-2 of the accompanying prospectus supplement and page 5 of the accompanying prospectus.

You should understand the risks of investing in the Notes and carefully consider with your advisors the suitability of the Notes in light of your particular financial circumstances and the information set forth in this pricing supplement and in the accompanying product prospectus supplement, accompanying prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus.

Risks Relating to Return Characteristics

Your investment in the Notes may result in a substantial loss

If the Notes are not automatically called and the Final Value is less than the Barrier Value, you will lose 1% of the Principal Amount of the Notes for each 1% that the Final Value is less than the Initial Value. You may lose up to 100% of your investment in the Notes.

Any potential positive return is limited to the Contingent Coupons; you may not receive any Contingent Coupons

The potential positive return on the Notes is limited to the Contingent Coupons, if any, that may be payable during the term of the Notes, and you will not participate in any appreciation in the value of the Reference Asset. If the Closing Value of the Reference Asset on any Observation Date prior to the Final Valuation Date is less than the Contingent Coupon Barrier Value, you will not receive a Contingent Coupon on the related Contingent Coupon Payment Date and you will receive the related Unpaid Contingent Coupon only if a Contingent Coupon becomes payable on a subsequent Contingent Coupon Payment Date. You will receive a Contingent Coupon with respect to the Final Valuation Date only if the Final Value of the Reference Asset is equal to or greater than the Contingent Coupon Barrier Value. Contingent Coupons are not guaranteed, and you may not receive any Contingent Coupons. If the Closing Value or Final Value, as applicable, of the Reference Asset is less than the Contingent Coupon Barrier Value on each Observation Date, you will not receive any Contingent Coupons (including Unpaid Contingent Coupons) on, and will not receive a positive return on, the Notes. This non-payment of Contingent Coupons will generally correspond to a greater likelihood of receiving a Payment at Maturity that is less than the Principal Amount per Note. Additionally, because the Barrier Value is equal to the Contingent Coupon Barrier Value, this will result in the loss of a significant portion or all of the Principal Amount per Note.

The Contingent Coupon, Contingent Coupon Barrier Value and Barrier Value reflect in part the volatility of the Reference Asset and greater volatility generally indicates an increased risk of loss at maturity

Volatility is a measure of the frequency and magnitude of the movements of the price of an asset (or value of an index). The terms of the Notes, including the Contingent Coupon, Contingent Coupon Barrier Value and Barrier Value are based on a number of factors, including the expected volatility of the Reference Asset. The Contingent Coupon is higher than the fixed rate that we would pay on a conventional debt security of the same tenor and is higher than it otherwise would have been had the expected volatility of the Reference Asset, calculated as of the time the terms of the Notes were determined, been lower. As volatility of the Reference Asset increases, there will typically be a greater likelihood that its Closing Value on one or more Observation Dates or Final Value, as applicable, will be less than the Contingent Coupon Barrier Value and the Final Value will be less than the Barrier Value and, as a consequence, indicates an increased risk of not receiving a Contingent Coupon and an increased risk of loss, respectively. All things being equal, this greater expected volatility will generally be reflected in a higher Contingent Coupon, which may indicate an increased risk of loss.

In addition, while the Contingent Coupon is set based on the expected volatility of the Reference Asset at the time the terms of the Notes are determined, the actual volatility of the Reference Asset over the term of the Notes may be significantly higher, and therefore you will face an even greater risk that you will not receive Contingent Coupons and/or that you will lose some or all of your principal at maturity.

The amounts payable on the Notes are not linked to the value of the Reference Asset at any time other than on the applicable Observation Dates or Averaging Dates, and the Payment at Maturity, if any, will be based on the arithmetic average of the Closing Values of the Reference Asset on each of the Averaging Dates

The determination of whether you will receive Contingent Coupons will be based solely on the Closing Value of the Reference Asset on each Observation Date (other than the Final Valuation Date) and the Final Value of the Reference Asset. Even if the value of the Reference Asset increases at any other time but then declines to a Closing Value on an Observation Date or Final Value, as applicable, that is less than the Contingent Coupon Barrier Value, you will not receive a Contingent Coupon on the corresponding Contingent Coupon Payment Date (nor will you receive payment of any accrued Unpaid Contingent Coupons).

In addition, any Payment at Maturity will be calculated by reference to the Final Value of the Reference Asset, which will be equal to the arithmetic average of its Closing Values on each of the Averaging Dates. In calculating the Final Value, the more positive performance of the Reference Asset on one or more Averaging Dates will be moderated and may be wholly offset or even reversed by the lesser performance of on other Averaging Dates. The Final Value may be less than the Barrier Value (and, accordingly, the return on your Notes may be negative) even if the Closing Value of the Reference Asset is equal to or greater than the Barrier Value on one or more Averaging Dates.

The Notes may be automatically called prior to maturity and are subject to reinvestment risk

The Notes will be automatically called if the Closing Value of the Reference Asset on any Observation Date prior to the Final Valuation Date is equal to or greater than the Initial Value. Accordingly, the term of the Notes may be as short as 3 months. No additional payments will be made on the Notes after the relevant Call Settlement Date. If the Notes are automatically called, the amount that you receive on the Notes could be less than if the Notes had remained outstanding until maturity, and you may not be able to reinvest any amounts received on the Notes at a comparable return for a similar level of risk. Furthermore, to the extent you are able to reinvest such proceeds in an investment with a comparable return for a similar level of risk, you may incur transaction costs built into the price of the new notes. The automatic call feature may also adversely impact your ability to sell the Notes and the price at which they may be sold in the secondary market, if any.

The Notes differ from conventional debt instruments

The Notes are not conventional notes or debt instruments. The Notes do not provide you with guaranteed interest payments as a conventional fixed-rate or floating-rate debt security with the same maturity would. The return that you will receive on the Notes may be less than the return you could earn on other investments. Even if your return is positive, your return may be less than the return you would earn if you bought a conventional senior interest bearing debt security of the Bank.

Holding the Notes is not the same as holding the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks

Holding the Notes is not the same as holding the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks. For example, as a holder of the Notes, you will not be entitled to the voting rights or rights to receive dividends or other distributions or other rights that holders of any Reference Asset Constituent Stocks would enjoy.

Risks Relating to Characteristics of the Reference Asset

The Notes are subject to market risk associated with the Reference Asset

The return on the Notes is directly linked to the performance of the Reference Asset and indirectly linked to the performance of the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks. The value of the Reference Asset can rise or fall sharply due to factors specific to the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks, as well as general market factors, such as general market volatility and levels, interest rates and economic and political conditions. Recently, the coronavirus infection has caused volatility in the global financial markets and a slowdown in the global economy. Coronavirus or any other communicable disease or infection may adversely affect the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks and, therefore, the Reference Asset.

Investors should investigate the Reference Asset and the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks as if making a hypothetical direct investment in the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks

Investors should conduct their own diligence of the Reference Asset and Reference Asset Constituent Stocks as an investor would if it were making a hypothetical direct investment in the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks. Neither we nor any of our affiliates have participated in the preparation of any publicly available information or made any “due diligence” investigation or inquiry with respect to the Reference Asset or the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks. Furthermore, we cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the Original Issue Date have been properly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure or failure to disclose material future events concerning the Reference Asset or the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks could affect any payment on the Notes. Investors should not conclude that the sale by the Bank of the Notes is any form of investment recommendation by the Bank or any of its affiliates to invest in securities linked to the performance of the Reference Asset or the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks.

The Reference Asset reflects price return only and not total return

The return on your Notes is based on the performance of the Reference Asset, which reflects the changes in the market prices of the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks. The Reference Asset is not a “total return” index or strategy, which, in addition to reflecting those price returns, would also reflect dividends paid on the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks. The return on your Notes will not include such a total return feature or dividend component.

The Bank cannot control actions by the sponsor of the Reference Asset and such sponsor has no obligation to consider your interests

The Bank and its affiliates are not affiliated with the sponsor of the Reference Asset and have no ability to control or predict its actions, including any errors in or discontinuation of public disclosure regarding methods or policies relating to the calculation of the Reference Asset. The sponsor is not involved in the Notes offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your interest as an owner of the Notes in taking any actions that might negatively affect the market value of, or return on, your Notes.

Past performance of the Reference Asset should not be taken as an indication of the future performance of the Reference Asset

The value of the Reference Asset has fluctuated in the past and may in the future experience significant fluctuations. The historical performance of the Reference Asset is not an indication of future performance. The performance of the Reference Asset over the term of the Notes may bear no relation or resemblance to the historical performance of the Reference Asset.

Risks Relating to Estimated Value and Liquidity

The Bank’s initial estimated value of the Notes at the time of pricing will be lower than the Original Issue Price of the Notes

The Bank’s initial estimated value of the Notes is only an estimate. The Original Issue Price of the Notes will exceed the Bank’s initial estimated value. The difference between the Original Issue Price of the Notes and the Bank’s initial estimated value reflects costs associated with selling and structuring the Notes, as well as hedging its obligations under the Notes with SCUSA or another affiliate.

Neither the Bank’s nor SCUSA’s estimated value of the Notes at any time is determined by reference to credit spreads or the borrowing rate the Bank would pay for its conventional fixed-rate debt securities

The Bank’s initial estimated value of the Notes and SCUSA’s estimated value of the Notes at any time are determined by reference to the Bank’s internal funding rate. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the Notes generally represents a discount from the credit spreads for the Bank’s conventional fixed-rate debt securities and the borrowing rate the Bank would pay for its conventional fixed-rate debt securities. This discount is based on, among other things, the Bank’s view of the funding value of the Notes as well as the higher issuance, operational and ongoing liability management costs of the Notes in comparison to those costs for the Bank’s conventional fixed-rate debt. If the interest rate implied by the credit spreads for the Bank’s conventional fixed-rate debt securities, or the borrowing rate the Bank would pay for its conventional fixed-rate debt securities were to be used, the Bank would expect the economic terms of the Notes to be more favorable to you. Consequently, the use of an internal funding rate for the Notes increases the estimated value of the Notes at any time and has an adverse effect on the economic terms of the Notes.

The Bank’s initial estimated value of the Notes does not represent future values of the Notes and may differ from others’ (including SCUSA’s) estimates

The Bank’s initial estimated value of the Notes is determined by reference to its internal pricing models. These pricing models consider certain factors, such as the Bank’s internal funding rate on the Trade Date, the expected term of the Notes, market conditions and other relevant factors existing at that time, and the Bank’s assumptions about market parameters, which can include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other factors. Different pricing models and assumptions (including the pricing models and assumptions used by SCUSA) could provide valuations for the Notes that are different, and perhaps materially lower, from the Bank’s initial estimated value. Therefore, the price at which SCUSA would buy or sell your Notes (if SCUSA makes a market, which it is not obligated to do) may be materially lower than the Bank’s initial estimated value. In addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be incorrect.

The price at which SCUSA would buy or sell your Notes (if SCUSA makes a market, which it is not obligated to do) will be based on SCUSA’s estimated value of your Notes

SCUSA’s estimated value of the Notes is determined by reference to its pricing models and takes into account the Bank’s internal funding rate. Assuming that all relevant factors remain constant after the Trade Date, the price at which SCUSA would initially buy or sell your Notes in the secondary market (if SCUSA makes a market, which it is not obligated to do) may exceed SCUSA’s estimated value of your Notes as of the Trade Date. As agreed by SCUSA and the Agents, this excess is expected to decline to zero over the period specified under “Additional Information Regarding Estimated Value of the Notes” herein. Thereafter, if SCUSA buys or sells your Notes, it will do so at prices that reflect the estimated value determined by reference to SCUSA’s pricing models at that time. The price at which SCUSA will buy or sell your Notes at any time also will reflect its then current bid and ask spread for similar sized trades of structured notes. If SCUSA calculated its estimated value of your Notes by reference to the Bank’s credit spreads or the borrowing rate the Bank would pay for its conventional fixed-rate debt securities (as opposed to the Bank’s internal funding rate), the price at which SCUSA would buy or sell your Notes (if SCUSA makes a market, which it is not obligated to do) could be significantly lower.

SCUSA’s pricing models consider certain variables, including principally the Bank’s internal funding rate, interest rates (forecasted, current and historical rates), volatility, price-sensitivity analysis and the time to maturity of the Notes. These pricing models are proprietary and rely in part on certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, the actual value you would receive if you sold your Notes in the secondary market, if any, to others may differ, perhaps materially, from the estimated value of your Notes determined by reference to SCUSA’s models, taking into account the Bank’s internal funding rate, due to, among other things, any differences in pricing models or assumptions used by others. See “— The price at which the Notes may be sold prior to maturity will depend on a number of factors and may be substantially less than the amount for which they were originally purchased” herein.

In addition to the factors discussed above, the value and quoted price of your Notes at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted. If SCUSA makes a market in the Notes, the price quoted by SCUSA would reflect any changes in market conditions and other relevant factors, including any deterioration in the Bank’s creditworthiness or perceived creditworthiness. These changes may adversely affect the value of your Notes, including the price you may receive for your Notes in any market making transaction. To the extent that SCUSA makes a market in the Notes, the quoted price will reflect the estimated value determined by reference to SCUSA’s pricing models at that time, plus or minus SCUSA’s then current bid and ask spread for similar sized trades of structured notes (and subject to the declining excess amount described above).

Furthermore, if you sell your Notes, you will likely be charged a commission for secondary market transactions, or the price will likely reflect a dealer discount. This commission or discount will further reduce the proceeds you would receive for your Notes in a secondary market sale.

There is no assurance that SCUSA or any other party will be willing to purchase your Notes at any price and, in this regard, SCUSA is not obligated to make a market in the Notes. See “— The Notes lack liquidity” herein.

The price at which the Notes may be sold prior to maturity will depend on a number of factors and may be substantially less than the amount for which they were originally purchased

The price at which the Notes may be sold prior to maturity will depend on a number of factors. Some of these factors include, but are not limited to: (i) actual or anticipated changes in the value of the Reference Asset over the full term of the Notes, (ii) volatility of the Reference Asset and the market’s perception of future volatility of the Reference Asset, (iii) changes in interest rates generally, (iv) any actual or anticipated changes in our credit ratings or credit spreads and (v) the time remaining to maturity. In particular, because the provisions of the Notes relating to the Payment at Maturity and the Contingent Coupon feature behave like options, the value of the Notes will vary in ways which are non-linear and may not be intuitive.

Depending on the actual or anticipated value of the Reference Asset and other relevant factors, the market value of the Notes may decrease and you may receive substantially less than 100% of the issue price if you sell your Notes prior to maturity.

See “Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes — Risks Relating to Liquidity — The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors” in the accompanying product prospectus supplement.

The Notes lack liquidity

The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange or automated quotation system. Therefore, there may be little or no secondary market for the Notes. SCUSA and any other affiliates of the Bank may, but are not obligated to, make a market in the Notes. Even if there is a secondary market, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to trade or sell the Notes easily. Because we do not expect that other broker-dealers will participate significantly in the secondary market for the Notes, the price at which you may be able to trade your Notes is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which SCUSA is willing to purchase the Notes from you. If at any time SCUSA does not make a market in the Notes, it is likely that there would be no secondary market for the Notes. Accordingly, you should be willing to hold your Notes to maturity.

Risks Relating to Hedging Activities and Conflicts of Interest

There are potential conflicts of interest between you and the Calculation Agent

Scotia Capital Inc., the Calculation Agent, is one of our affiliates. In performing its duties, the economic interests of the Calculation Agent are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the Notes. The Calculation Agent is under no obligation to consider your interests as a holder of the Notes in taking any actions that might affect the value of the Reference Asset or the value of, or return on, the Notes.

Hedging activities by the Bank and SCUSA may negatively impact investors in the Notes and cause our respective interests and those of our clients and counterparties to be contrary to those of investors in the Notes

The Bank, SCUSA or one or more of our other affiliates has hedged or expects to hedge the obligations under the Notes by purchasing futures and/or other instruments linked to the Reference Asset or one or more Reference Asset Constituent Stocks. The Bank, SCUSA or one or more of our other affiliates also expects to adjust the hedge by, among other things, purchasing or selling any of the foregoing, and perhaps other instruments linked to the Reference Asset or one or more Reference Asset Constituent Stocks, at any time and from time to time, and to unwind the hedge by selling any of the foregoing on or before the Final Valuation Date.

The Bank, SCUSA or one or more of our other affiliates may also enter into, adjust and unwind hedging transactions relating to other basket- or index-linked notes whose returns are linked to changes in the value or price of the Reference Asset or the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks. Any of these hedging activities may adversely affect the value of the Reference Asset and, therefore, the market value of, and return on, the Notes.

The Bank, the Agents and/or our or their affiliates regularly provide services to, or otherwise have business relationships with, a broad client base, which may include issuers of the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks and the market activities by the Bank, the Agents or our respective affiliates for our own account or for our clients could negatively impact investors in the Notes

We, the Agents and/or our or their respective affiliates regularly provide a wide range of financial services, including financial advisory, investment advisory and transactional services to a substantial and diversified client base. As such, we each may act as an investor, investment banker, research provider, investment manager, investment advisor, market maker, trader, prime broker or lender. In those and other capacities, we, the Agents and/or our other affiliates purchase, sell or hold a broad array of investments, actively trade securities (including the Notes or other securities that we have issued), the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks, derivatives, loans, credit default swaps, indices, baskets and other financial instruments and products for our own accounts or for the accounts of our customers, and we will have other direct or indirect interests, in those securities and in other markets that may not be consistent with your interests and may adversely affect the value of the Reference Asset and/or the value of the Notes. You should assume that we or they will, at present or in the future, provide such services or otherwise engage in transactions with, among others, us and the issuers of the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks, or transact in securities or instruments or with parties that are directly or indirectly related to these entities. These services could include making loans to or equity investments in those companies, providing financial advisory or other investment banking services, or issuing research reports. Any of these financial market activities may, individually or in the aggregate, have an adverse effect on the value of the Reference Asset and the market for your Notes, and you should expect that our interests and those of the Agents and/or our other affiliates, clients or counterparties, will at times be adverse to those of investors in the Notes.

You should expect that we, the Agents and our respective affiliates, in providing these services, engaging in such transactions, or acting for our or their own respective accounts, may take actions that have direct or indirect effects on the Notes or other securities that we may issue, the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks or other securities or instruments similar to or linked to the foregoing, and that such actions could be adverse to the interests of investors in the Notes. In addition, in connection with these activities, certain personnel within the Bank, the Agents and/or our or their respective affiliates may have access to confidential material non-public information about these parties that would not be disclosed to investors in the Notes.

We, the Agents and/or our or their respective affiliates regularly offer a wide array of securities, financial instruments and other products into the marketplace, including existing or new products that are similar to the Notes or other securities that we may issue, the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks or other securities or instruments similar to or linked to the foregoing. Investors in the Notes should expect that the Bank, the Agents and/or our or their respective affiliates offer securities, financial instruments, and other products that may compete with the Notes for liquidity or otherwise.

Risks Relating to General Credit Characteristics

Your investment is subject to the credit risk of the Bank

The Notes are senior unsecured debt obligations of the Bank, and are not, either directly or indirectly, an obligation of any third party. As further described in the accompanying prospectus, accompanying prospectus supplement and accompanying product prospectus supplement, the Notes will rank on par with all of the other unsecured and unsubordinated debt obligations of the Bank, except such obligations as may be preferred by operation of law. Any payment to be made on the Notes, including any Contingent Coupons and the payment upon an automatic call or at maturity, depends on the ability of the Bank to satisfy its obligations as they come due. As a result, the actual and perceived creditworthiness of the Bank may affect the market value of the Notes and, in the event the Bank were to default on its obligations, you may not receive the amounts owed to you under the terms of the Notes. If you sell the Notes prior to maturity, you may receive substantially less than the Principal Amount of your Notes.

The COVID-19 virus may have an adverse impact on the Bank

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a strain of novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, a global pandemic. Governments in affected areas have imposed a number of measures designed to contain the outbreak, including business closures, travel restrictions, quarantines and cancellations of gatherings and events. The spread of COVID-19 has had disruptive effects in countries in which the Bank operates and the global economy more widely, as well as causing increased volatility and declines in financial markets. COVID-19 has materially impacted and continues to materially impact the markets in which the Bank operates. If the pandemic is prolonged, or further diseases emerge that give rise to similar effects, the adverse impact on the global economy could deepen and result in further declines in financial markets. A substantial amount of the Bank’s business involves making loans or otherwise committing resources to specific companies, industries or countries. The COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on such borrowers, industries and countries could have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s financial results, businesses, financial condition or liquidity. The COVID-19 pandemic may also result in disruption to the Bank’s key suppliers of goods and services and result in increased unavailability of staff adversely impacting the quality and continuity of service to customers and the reputation of the Bank. As a result, the business, results of operations, corporate reputation and financial condition of the Bank could be adversely impacted for a substantial period of time.

Risks Relating to Canadian and U.S. Federal Income Taxation

Uncertain tax treatment

Significant aspects of the tax treatment of the Notes are uncertain. You should consult your tax advisor about your tax situation. See “Material Canadian Income Tax Consequences” and “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in this pricing supplement.

All disclosures contained in this pricing supplement regarding the Reference Asset are derived from publicly available information. The Bank has not conducted any independent review or due diligence of any publicly available information with respect to the Reference Asset. You should make your own investigation into the Reference Asset.

The S&P 500^® Index includes a representative sample of 500 companies in leading industries of the U.S. economy. The 500 companies are not the 500 largest companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and not all 500 companies are listed on the NYSE. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (“S&P” or the “sponsor”) chooses companies for inclusion in the S&P 500^® Index with an aim of achieving a distribution by broad industry groupings that approximates the distribution of these groupings in the common stock population of the U.S. equity market. Although the S&P 500^® Index contains 500 constituent companies, at any one time it may contain greater than 500 constituent trading lines since some companies included in the S&P 500^® Index prior to July 31, 2017 may be represented by multiple share class lines in the index. The S&P 500^® Index is calculated, maintained and published by S&P and is part of the S&P Dow Jones Indices family of indices. Additional information, including information about its constituent stock, sector and country weightings, is available on the following website: spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-500/. We are not incorporating by reference the websites or any material they include in this pricing supplement or any document incorporated herein by reference.

S&P intends for the S&P 500^® Index to provide a performance benchmark for the large-cap U.S. equity markets. Constituent changes are made on an as-needed basis and there is no schedule for constituent reviews. Index additions and deletions are announced with at least three business days advance notice. Less than three business days’ notice may be given at the discretion of the S&P 500^® Index committee (the “S&P Index Committee”). Relevant criteria for additions to the S&P 500^® Index that are employed by S&P include: the company proposed for addition should have an unadjusted company market capitalization of $11.8 billion or more and a security level float-adjusted market capitalization of at least 50% of such threshold (for spin-offs, eligibility is determined using when-issued prices, if available); using composite pricing and volume, the ratio of annual dollar value traded (defined as average closing price over the period multiplied by historical volume) in the proposed constituent to float-adjusted market capitalization of that company should be at least 1.00 and the stock should trade a minimum of 250,000 shares in each of the six months leading up to the evaluation date; the company must be a U.S. company (characterized as a Form 10-K filer with its U.S. portion of fixed assets and revenues constituting a plurality of the total and with a primary listing of the common stock on the NYSE, NYSE Arca, NYSE American (formerly NYSE MKT), Nasdaq Global Select Market, Nasdaq Select Market, Nasdaq Capital Market, Cboe BZX (formerly Bats BZX), Cboe BYX (formerly Bats BYX), Cboe EDGA (formerly Bats EDGA) or Cboe EDGX (formerly Bats EDGX) (each, an “eligible exchange”)); the proposed constituent has an investable weight factor (“IWF”) of 10% or more; the inclusion of the company will contribute to sector balance in the index relative to sector balance in the market in the relevant market capitalization range; financial viability (the sum of the most recent four consecutive quarters’ Generally Accepted Accounting Principles earnings (net income excluding discontinued operations) should be positive as should the most recent quarter); and, for initial public offerings, the company must be traded on an eligible exchange for at least twelve months (spin-offs or in-specie distributions from existing constituents do not need to be traded on an eligible exchange for twelve months prior to their inclusion in the S&P 500^® Index). In addition, constituents of the S&P MidCap 400^® Index and the S&P SmallCap 600^® Index can be added to the S&P 500^® Index provided they meet the unadjusted company level market capitalization eligibility criteria for the S&P 500^® Index. Migrations from the S&P MidCap 400^® Index or the S&P SmallCap 600^® Index do not need to meet the financial viability, liquidity, or 50% of the S&P 500^® Index’s unadjusted company level minimum market capitalization threshold criteria. Further, constituents of the S&P Total Market Index Ex S&P Composite 1500 (which includes all eligible U.S. common equities except for those included in the S&P 500^® Index, the S&P MidCap 400^® Index and the S&P SmallCap 600^® Index) that acquire a constituent of the S&P 500^® Index, the S&P MidCap 400^® Index or the S&P SmallCap 600^® Index that do not fully meet the financial viability or IWF criteria may still be added to the S&P 500^® Index at the discretion of the S&P Index Committee if the S&P Index Committee determines that the addition could minimize turnover and enhance the representativeness of the S&P 500^® Index as a market benchmark. Certain types of organizational structures and securities are always excluded, including, but not limited to, business development companies, limited partnerships, master limited partnerships, limited liability companies, OTC bulletin board issues, closed-end funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), exchange-traded notes, royalty trusts, tracking stocks, special purpose acquisition companies, preferred stock and convertible preferred stock, unit trusts, equity warrants, convertible bonds, investment trusts, rights and American depositary receipts. Stocks are deleted from the S&P 500^® Index when they are involved in mergers, acquisitions or significant restructurings such that they no longer meet the inclusion criteria, and when they substantially violate one or more of the addition criteria. Stocks that are delisted or moved to the pink sheets or the OTC bulletin board are removed, and those that experience a trading halt may be retained or removed in S&P’s discretion. S&P evaluates additions and deletions with a view to maintaining S&P 500^® Index continuity.

For constituents included in the S&P 500^® Index prior to July 31, 2017, all publicly listed multiple share class lines are included separately in the S&P 500^® Index, subject to, in the case of any such share class line, that share class line satisfying the liquidity and float criteria discussed above and subject to certain exceptions. It is possible that one listed share class line of a company may be included in the S&P 500^® Index while a second listed share class line of the same company is excluded. For companies that issue a second publicly traded share class to index share class holders, the newly issued share class line is considered for inclusion if the event is mandatory and the market capitalization of the distributed class is not considered to be de minimis.

As of July 31, 2017, companies with multiple share class lines are no longer eligible for inclusion in the S&P 500^® Index. Only common shares are considered when determining whether a company has a multiple share class structure. Constituents of the S&P 500^® Index prior to July 31, 2017 with multiple share class lines will be grandfathered in and continue to be included in the S&P 500^® Index. If an S&P 500^® Index constituent reorganizes into a multiple share class line structure, that company will be reviewed for continued inclusion in the S&P 500^® Index at the discretion of the S&P Index Committee.

Calculation of the S&P 500^® Index

The S&P 500^® Index is calculated using a base-weighted aggregative methodology. The value of the S&P 500^® Index on any day for which an index value is published is determined by a fraction, the numerator of which is the aggregate of the market price of each stock in the S&P 500^® Index times the number of shares of such stock included in the S&P 500^® Index, and the denominator of which is the divisor, which is described more fully below. The “market value” of any index stock is the product of the market price per share of that stock times the number of the then-outstanding shares of such index stock that are then included in the S&P 500^® Index.

The S&P 500^® Index is also sometimes called a “base-weighted aggregative index” because of its use of a divisor. The “divisor” is a value calculated by S&P that is intended to maintain conformity in index values over time and is adjusted for all changes in the index stocks’ share capital after the “base date” as described below. The level of the S&P 500^® Index reflects the total market value of all index stocks relative to the index’s base date of 1941-43.

In addition, the S&P 500^® Index is float-adjusted, meaning that the share counts used in calculating the S&P 500^® Index reflect only those shares available to investors rather than all of a company’s outstanding shares. S&P seeks to exclude shares held by long-term, strategic shareholders concerned with the control of a company, a group that generally includes the following: officers and directors and related individuals whose holdings are publicly disclosed, private equity, venture capital, special equity firms, asset managers and insurance companies with board of director representation, publicly traded companies that hold shares in another company, holders of restricted shares (except for shares held as part of a lock-up agreement), company-sponsored employee share plans/trusts, defined contribution plans/savings, investment plans, foundations or family trusts associated with the company, government entities at all levels (except government retirement or pension funds), sovereign wealth funds and any individual person listed as a 5% or greater stakeholder in a company as reported in regulatory filings (collectively, “strategic holders”). To this end, S&P excludes all share-holdings (other than depositary banks, pension funds (including government pension and retirement funds), mutual funds, ETF providers, investment funds, asset managers (including hedge funds with no board of director representation), investment funds of insurance companies (except in certain countries where insurance companies may be considered strategic holders based on regulatory issues and country-specific practices) and independent foundations not associated with the company) with a position greater than 5% of the outstanding shares of a company from the float-adjusted share count to be used in S&P 500^® Index calculations.

The exclusion is accomplished by calculating an IWF for each stock that is part of the numerator of the float-adjusted index fraction described above:

IWF = (available float shares)/(total shares outstanding)

where available float shares is defined as total shares outstanding less shares held by strategic holders. In most cases, an IWF is reported to the nearest one percentage point. For companies with multiple share class lines, a separate IWF is calculated for each share class line. In most cases, an IWF is reported to the nearest one percentage point.

Maintenance of the S&P 500^® Index

In order to keep the S&P 500^® Index comparable over time S&P engages in an index maintenance process. The S&P 500^® Index maintenance process involves changing the constituents as discussed above, and also involves maintaining quality assurance processes and procedures, adjusting the number of shares used to calculate the S&P 500^® Index, monitoring and completing the adjustments for company additions and deletions, adjusting for stock splits and stock dividends and adjusting for other corporate actions. In addition to its daily governance of indices and maintenance of the S&P 500^® Index methodology, at least once within any 12 month period, the S&P Index Committee reviews the S&P 500^® Index methodology to ensure the S&P 500^® Index continues to achieve the stated objective, and that the data and methodology remain effective. The S&P Index Committee may at times consult with investors, market participants, security issuers included in or potentially included in the S&P 500^® Index, or investment and financial experts.

Divisor Adjustments

The two types of adjustments primarily used by S&P are divisor adjustments and adjustments to the number of shares (including float adjustments) used to calculate the S&P 500^® Index. Set forth below is a table of certain corporate events and their resulting effect on the divisor and the share count. If a corporate event requires an adjustment to the divisor, that event has the effect of altering the market value of the affected Reference Asset Constituent Stock and consequently of altering the aggregate market value of the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks following the event. In order that the level of the S&P 500^® Index not be affected by the altered market value (which could be an increase or decrease) of the affected Reference Asset Constituent Stock, S&P generally derives a new divisor by dividing the post-event market value of the Reference Asset Constituent Stocks by the pre-event index value, which has the effect of reducing the S&P 500^® Index’s post-event value to the pre-event level.

Changes to the Number of Shares of a Constituent

The index maintenance process also involves tracking the changes in the number of shares included for each of the reference asset companies. Changes as a result of mandatory events, such as mergers or acquisition driven share/IWF changes, stock splits and mandatory distributions are not subject to a minimum threshold for implementation and are implemented when the transaction occurs. At S&P’s discretion, however, de minimis merger and acquisition changes may be accumulated and implemented with the updates made with the quarterly share updates as described below. Material share/IWF changes resulting from certain non-mandatory corporate actions follow the accelerated implementation rule. Non-material share/IWF changes are implemented quarterly.

Accelerated Implementation Rule

1. Public offerings. Public offerings of new company-issued shares and/or existing shares offered by selling shareholders, including block sales and spot secondaries, will be eligible for accelerated implementation treatment if the size of the event meets the materiality threshold criteria:

(a)	at least US $150 million, and

(b)	at least 5% of the pre-event total shares.

In addition to the materiality threshold, public offerings must satisfy the following conditions:

•	be underwritten.

•	have a publicly available prospectus, offering document, or prospectus summary filed with the relevant authorities.

•	have a publicly available confirmation from an official source that the offering has been completed.

For public offerings that involve a concurrent combination of new company shares and existing shares offered by selling shareholders, both events are implemented if either of the public offerings represent at least 5% of total shares and $150 million. Any concurrent share repurchase by the affected company will also be included in the implementation.

2. Dutch Auctions, self-tender offer buybacks, and split-off exchange offers. These nonmandatory corporate action types will be eligible for accelerated implementation treatment regardless of size once their results are publicly announced and verified by S&P.

Exception to the Accelerated Implementation Rule

For non-mandatory corporate actions subject to the accelerated implementation rule with a size of at least US $1 billion, S&P will apply the share change, and any resulting IWF change, using the latest share and ownership information publicly available at the time of the announcement, even if the offering size is below the 5% threshold. This exception ensures that very large events are recognized in a timely manner using the latest available information.

All non-mandatory events not covered by the accelerated implementation rule (including but not limited to private placements, acquisition of private companies, and conversion of non-index share lines) will be implemented quarterly coinciding with the third Friday of the third month in each calendar quarter. In addition, events that were not implemented under the accelerated implementation rule but were found to have been eligible, (e.g. due to lack of publicly available information at the time of the event) are implemented as part of a quarterly rebalancing.

Announcement Policy

For accelerated implementation, S&P will provide two (2) business days’ notice for all non-US domiciled stocks, and one (1) business days’ notice for all US domiciled stocks.

IWF Updates

Accelerated implementation for events less than $1 billion will include an adjustment to the company’s IWF only to the extent that such an IWF change helps the new float share total mimic the shares available in the offering. To minimize unnecessary turnover, these IWF changes do not need to meet any minimum threshold requirement for implementation. Any IWF change resulting in an IWF of 0.96 or greater is rounded up to 1.00 at the next annual IWF review.

IWF changes will only be made at the quarterly review if the change represents at least 5% of total current shares outstanding and is related to a single corporate action that did not qualify for the accelerated implementation rule.

Quarterly share change events resulting from the conversion of derivative securities, acquisitions of private companies, or acquisitions of non-index companies that do not trade on a major exchange are considered to be available to investors unless there is explicit information stating that the new owner is a strategic holder.

Other than the situations described above, please note that IWF changes are only made at the annual IWF review.

Share Updates

When total shares outstanding increase by at least 5%, but the new share issuance is to a strategic or major shareholder, it implies that there is no change in float- adjusted shares. However, in such instances, S&P will apply the share change and resulting IWF change regardless of whether the float change is greater than or equal to 5%.

For companies with multiple share class lines, the 5% share change threshold is based on each individual multiple share class line rather than total company shares.

Changes to share counts that total less than 5% of total shares are accumulated and made quarterly on the third Friday of March, June, September, and December.

Exceptions:

Any non- fully paid or non-fully settled offering such as forward sales agreements are not eligible for accelerated implementation. Share updates resulting from completion of subscription receipts terms or the settlement of forward sale agreements are updated at a future quarterly share rebalance.

Rebalancing Guidelines – Share/IWF Freeze

A share/IWF freeze period is implemented during each quarterly rebalancing. The freeze period begins after the market close on the Tuesday prior to the second Friday of each rebalancing month (i.e. March, June, September, and December) and ends after the market close on the third Friday of the rebalancing month. Pro-forma files are normally released after the market close on the second Friday, one week prior to the rebalancing effective date. In September, preliminary share and float data is released on the first Friday of the month. However, the share freeze period for September follows the same schedule as the other three quarterly share freeze periods. For illustration purposes, if rebalancing pro-forma files are scheduled to be released on Friday, March 13, the share/IWF freeze period will begin after the close of trading on Tuesday, March 10 and will end after the close of trading the following Friday, March 20 (i.e. the third Friday of the rebalancing month).

During the share/IWF freeze period, shares and IWFs are not changed except for mandatory corporate action events (such as merger activity, stock splits, and rights offerings), and the accelerated implementation rule is suspended. The suspensions include all changes that qualify for accelerated implementation and would typically be announced or effective during the share/IWF freeze period. At the end of the freeze period all suspended changes will be announced on the third Friday of the rebalancing month, and implemented five business days after the quarterly rebalancing effective date.

Adjustments for Corporate Actions

There is a large range of corporate actions that may affect companies included in the S&P 500^® Index. Certain corporate actions require S&P to recalculate the share count or the float adjustment or to make an adjustment to the divisor to prevent the value of the S&P 500^® Index from changing as a result of the corporate action. This helps ensure that the movement of the S&P 500^® Index does not reflect the corporate actions of individual companies in the S&P 500^® Index.

Spin-Offs

As a general policy, a spin-off security is added to the S&P 500^® Index on the ex-date at a price of zero (with no divisor adjustment) and will remain in the index for at least one trading day. On the ex-date the spin-off will have the same attributes and capping adjustment factor as its parent company. The spin-off security will remain in the S&P 500^® Index if it meets all eligibility criteria. If the spin-off security is determined ineligible to remain in the S&P 500^® Index, it will generally be removed after at least one day of regular way trading (with a divisor adjustment). The weight of the spin-off being deleted is reinvested across all the index components proportionately such that the relative weights of all index components are unchanged. The net change in index market capitalization will cause a divisor change.

Companies that are spun off from a constituent of the S&P 500^® Index do not need to meet the eligibility criteria for new constituents, but they should be considered U.S. domiciled for index purposes. At the discretion of the S&P Index Committee, a spin-off company may be retained in the S&P 500^® Index if the S&P Index Committee determines it has a total market capitalization representative of the S&P 500^® Index. If the spin-off company’s estimated market capitalization is below the minimum unadjusted company market capitalization for the S&P 500^® Index but there are other constituent companies in the S&P 500^® Index that have a significantly lower total market capitalization than the spin-off company, the S&P Index Committee may decide to retain the spin-off company in the S&P 500^® Index.

Several additional types of corporate actions, and their related treatment, are listed in the table below.

Any company that is removed from the S&P 500^® Index, the S&P MidCap 400^® Index or the S&P SmallCap 600^® Index must wait a minimum of one year from its removal date before being reconsidered as a replacement candidate for the S&P 500^® Index.

Recalculation Policy

S&P reserves the right to recalculate and republish the S&P 500^® Index at its discretion in the event one of the following issues has occurred: (1) incorrect or revised closing price of one or more constituent securities; (2) missed or misapplied corporate action; (3) incorrect application of an index methodology; (4) late announcement of a corporate action; or (5) incorrect calculation or data entry error. The decision to recalculate the S&P 500^® Index is made at the discretion of the index manager and/or S&P Index Committee, as further discussed below. The potential market impact or disruption resulting from a recalculation is considered when making any such decision. In the event of an incorrect closing price, a missed or misapplied corporate action, a late announcement of a corporate action, or an incorrect calculation or data entry error that is discovered within two trading days of its occurrence, generally the index is recalculated. In the event any such event is discovered beyond the two trading day period, the S&P Index Committee shall decide whether the index should be recalculated. In the event of an incorrect application of the methodology that results in the incorrect composition and/or weighting of index constituents, the S&P Index Committee shall determine whether or not to recalculate the index following specified guidelines. In the event that the index is recalculated, it shall be done within a reasonable timeframe following the detection and review of the issue.

Calculations and Pricing Disruptions

Closing levels for the S&P 500^® Index are calculated by S&P based on the closing price of the individual constituents of the index as set by their primary exchange. Closing prices are received by S&P from one of its third party vendors and verified by comparing them with prices from an alternative vendor. The vendors receive the closing price from the primary exchanges. Real-time intraday prices are calculated similarly without a second verification. Prices used for the calculation of real time index values are based on the “Consolidated Tape”. The Consolidated Tape is an aggregation of trades for each constituent over all regional exchanges and trading venues and includes the primary exchange. If there is a failure or interruption on one or more exchanges, real-time calculations will continue as long as the “Consolidated Tape” is operational.

If an interruption is not resolved prior to the market close, official closing prices will be determined by following the hierarchy set out in NYSE Rule 123C. A notice is published on the S&P website at spglobal.com indicating any changes to the prices used in S&P 500^® Index calculations. In extreme circumstances, S&P may decide to delay index adjustments or not publish the S&P 500^® Index. Real-time indices are not restated.

Unexpected Exchange Closures

An unexpected market/exchange closure occurs when a market/exchange fully or partially fails to open or trading is temporarily halted. This can apply to a single exchange or to a market as a whole, when all of the primary exchanges are closed and/or not trading. Unexpected market/exchange closures are usually due to unforeseen circumstances, such as natural disasters, inclement weather, outages, or other events.

To a large degree, S&P is dependent on the exchanges to provide guidance in the event of an unexpected exchange closure. S&P’s decision making is dependent on exchange guidance regarding pricing and mandatory corporate actions.

NYSE Rule 123C provides closing contingency procedures for determining an official closing price for listed securities if the exchange is unable to conduct a closing transaction in one or more securities due to a system or technical issue.

3:00 PM ET is the deadline for an exchange to determine its plan of action regarding an outage scenario. As such, S&P also uses 3:00 PM ET as the cutoff.

If all major exchanges fail to open or unexpectedly halt trading intraday due to unforeseen circumstances, S&P will take the following actions:

Market Disruption Prior to Open of Trading:

(i)

If all exchanges indicate that trading will not open for a given day, S&P will treat the day as an unscheduled market holiday. The decision will be communicated to clients as soon as possible through the normal channels. Indices containing multiple markets will be calculated as normal, provided that at least one market is open that day. Indices which only contain closed markets will not be calculated.

(ii)	If exchanges indicate that trading, although delayed, will open for a given day, S&P will begin index calculation when the exchanges open.

Market Disruption Intraday:

If exchanges indicate that trading will not resume for a given day, the S&P 500^® Index level will be calculated using prices determined by the exchanges based on NYSE Rule 123C. Intraday S&P 500^® Index values will continue to use the last traded composite price until the primary exchange publishes official closing prices.

License Agreement

S&P^® is a registered trademark of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC (“SPFS”) and Dow Jones^® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”). These trademarks have been licensed for use by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. “Standard & Poor’s^®”, “S&P 500^®” and “S&P^®” are trademarks of SPFS. These trademarks have been sublicensed for certain purposes by us. The S&P 500^® Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and/or its affiliates and has been licensed for use by us for a fee:

The Notes are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones, SPFS or their respective affiliates (collectively, “S&P Dow Jones Indices”). S&P Dow Jones Indices makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the Notes or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Notes particularly or the ability of the S&P 500^® Index to track general stock market performance. S&P Dow Jones Indices’ only relationship to the Bank is the licensing of certain trademarks and trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices and/or its third party licensors. The S&P 500^® Index is determined, composed and calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices without regard to the Bank or the Notes. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation to take the needs of the Bank or the owners of the Notes into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the S&P 500^® Index. Neither S&P nor its third party licensors are responsible for and has not participated in the determination of the prices and amount of the Notes or the timing of the issuance or sale of the Notes or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the Notes are to be converted into cash. S&P has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Notes. There is no assurance that investment products based on the S&P 500^® Index will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is not an investment advisor. Inclusion of a security or futures contract within an index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security or futures contract, nor is it considered to be investment advice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, CME Group Inc. and its affiliates may independently issue and/or sponsor financial products unrelated to the Notes currently being issued by us, but which may be similar to and competitive with the Notes. In addition, CME Group Inc. and its affiliates may trade financial products which are linked to the performance of the S&P 500^® Index. It is possible that this trading activity will affect the value of the Notes.

S&P DOW JONES INDICES DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS OR COMPLETENESS OF THE S&P 500^® INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN OR ANY COMMUNICATIONS (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO THE MARKS, THE S&P 500^® INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND US, OTHER THAN THE LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.

Historical Information

We obtained the information regarding the historical performance of the Reference Asset in the graph below from Bloomberg. The graph below illustrates the performance of the Reference Asset from January 1, 2016 through July 19, 2021. The dotted line represents the Contingent Coupon Barrier Value and Barrier Value of 3,406.79, which is equal to 80.00% of the Initial Value.

The historical performance of the Reference Asset should not be taken as an indication of its future performance, and no assurance can be given as to the Closing Value of the Reference Asset on any Observation Date or as to the Final Value. We cannot give you assurance that the performance of the Reference Asset will result in any positive return on your investment in the Notes. Past performance of the Reference Asset is not indicative of the future performance of the Reference Asset.