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3000000975172018-03-31



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission File Number: 1-737

Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter:
Texas Pacific Land Trust

State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization:
NOT APPLICABLE

IRS Employer Identification No.:
75-0279735

Address of principal executive offices:
1700 Pacific Avenue, Suite 2900
Dallas, Texas 75201

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(214) 969-5530
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report:
Not Applicable

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer ☑  Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
☐  Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
 


If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Sub-shares in Certificates of Proprietary Interest (par value $0.03-1/3 per share) TPL New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of October 31, 2019, the Registrant had 7,756,156 Sub-share Certificates outstanding.



TEXAS PACIFIC LAND TRUST
Form 10-Q
Quarter Ended September 30, 2019

Page No.
1
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018
1
2
3
4
11
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
21



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
TEXAS PACIFIC LAND TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)
September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 249,881    $ 119,647   
Accrued receivables 62,803    48,750   
Tax like-kind exchange escrow —    3,799   
Other assets 4,766    3,884   
Prepaid income taxes —    9,398   
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $8,006 and $3,012 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
87,072    64,802   
Real estate acquired 84,902    10,492   
Royalty interests acquired 29,320    24,303   
Operating lease right-of-use assets 3,250    —   
Real estate and royalty interests assigned through the 1888 Declaration of Trust, no value assigned:
Land (surface rights)
—    —   
1/16th nonparticipating perpetual royalty interest
—    —   
1/128th nonparticipating perpetual royalty interest
—    —   
Total assets
$ 521,994    $ 285,075   
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 19,553    $ 10,505   
Income taxes payable 4,364    1,607   
Deferred taxes payable 34,996    14,903   
Unearned revenue 16,184    13,369   
Operating lease liabilities 3,471    —   
Total liabilities
78,568    40,384   
Commitments and contingencies —    —   
Capital:
Certificates of Proprietary Interest, par value $100 each; none outstanding
—    —   
Sub-share Certificates in Certificates of Proprietary Interest, par value $0.0333 each; outstanding 7,756,156 and 7,762,414 Sub-share Certificates as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
—    —   
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,051)   (1,078)  
Net proceeds from all sources 444,477    245,769   
Total capital
443,426    244,691   
Total liabilities and capital
$ 521,994    $ 285,075   

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
1

TEXAS PACIFIC LAND TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Revenues:
Oil and gas royalties
$ 38,259    $ 31,253    $ 111,113    $ 88,078   
Easements and other surface-related income
33,911    22,068    87,635    66,845   
Water sales and royalties
21,654    18,178    65,067    47,428   
Land sales
4,621    1,543    113,020    4,293   
Other operating revenue
85    126    329    375   
Total revenues 98,530    73,168    377,164    207,019   
Expenses:                    
Salaries and related employee expenses
8,537    4,050    22,742    10,449   
Water service-related expenses
5,122    3,707    15,423    7,601   
General and administrative expenses
2,864    1,190    7,102    2,882   
Legal and professional fees
5,558    556    15,198    1,623   
Depreciation and amortization
2,631    706    5,286    1,519   
Total operating expenses 24,712    10,209    65,751    24,074   
Operating income 73,818    62,959    311,413    182,945   
Other income
941    236    1,771    526   
Income before income taxes 74,759    63,195    313,184    183,471   
Income tax expense (benefit):
Current
9,918    12,433    43,485    36,415   
Deferred
4,819    —    20,093    —   
Total income tax expense 14,737    12,433    63,578    36,415   
Net income $ 60,022    $ 50,762    $ 249,606    $ 147,056   
Other comprehensive income — periodic pension costs, net of income taxes of $2, $3, $7 and $10, respectively
9    13    27    39   
Total comprehensive income $ 60,031    $ 50,775    $ 249,633    $ 147,095   
Weighted average number of Sub-share Certificates outstanding
7,756,156    7,786,692    7,756,643    7,797,262   
Net income per Sub-share Certificate — basic and diluted
$ 7.74    $ 6.52    $ 32.18    $ 18.86   
Cash dividends per Sub-share Certificate $ —    $ —    $ 6.00    $ 4.05   
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

TEXAS PACIFIC LAND TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2019 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:    
Net income
$ 249,606    $ 147,056   
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
         
Deferred taxes 20,093    —   
Depreciation and amortization 5,286    1,519   
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Operating assets, excluding income taxes (18,278)   (28,706)  
Prepaid income taxes 9,398    1,202   
Operating liabilities, excluding income taxes 15,361    7,555   
Income taxes payable 2,757    2,208   
Cash provided by operating activities 284,223    130,834   
Cash flows from investing activities:          
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets 117    25   
Acquisition of land (74,410)   (2,663)  
Acquisition of royalty interests (5,017)   —   
Purchase of fixed assets (27,579)   (40,006)  
Cash used in investing activities (106,889)   (42,644)  
Cash flows from financing activities:          
Purchase of Sub-share Certificates in Certificates of Proprietary Interest
(4,353)   (25,501)  
Dividends paid (46,546)   (31,652)  
Cash used in financing activities (50,899)   (57,153)  
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash 126,435    31,037   
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period 123,446    79,580   
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period $ 249,881    $ 110,617   
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid
$ 31,337    $ 34,251   
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

TEXAS PACIFIC LAND TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
  
1. Organization and Description of Business Segments

Texas Pacific Land Trust (which, together with its subsidiaries as the context requires, may be referred to as “Texas Pacific”, the “Trust”, “our”, “we” or “us”) is one of the largest landowners in the State of Texas with approximately 900,000 acres of land in West Texas. Texas Pacific was organized under a Declaration of Trust, dated February 1, 1888, to receive and hold title to extensive tracts of land in the State of Texas, previously the property of the Texas and Pacific Railway Company, and to issue transferable Certificates of Proprietary Interest pro rata to the original holders of certain debt securities of the Texas and Pacific Railway Company.
The Trust is organized to manage land, including royalty interests, for the benefit of its owners. The Trust’s income is derived primarily from oil and gas royalties, sales of water and land, easements and commercial leases of the land.
We operate our business in two segments: Land and Resource Management and Water Services and Operations. Our segments provide management with a comprehensive financial view of our key businesses. The segments enable the alignment of strategies and objectives of the Trust and provide a framework for timely and rational allocation of resources within businesses. See Note 9, “Business Segment Reporting” for further information regarding our segments.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Interim Unaudited Financial Information

The results for the interim periods shown in this report are not necessarily indicative of future financial results. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Trust as of September 30, 2019 and the results of its operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and its cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual financial statements and notes thereto included in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which was filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted from this report.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent asset and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Change in Accounting Estimate

Management evaluates its estimates on a routine basis. Effective July 1, 2019, the Trust revised the estimated useful lives of certain water service-related assets after its disaggregation of water service-related projects into sub classifications. The Trust purchased these water service-related assets from July 1, 2017 through June 30, 2019. Based on information gained from operations over this time period, management believes that these water service-related assets will benefit periods ranging from four to 15 years, beginning at the point the water service-related assets were originally placed in service.

The net book value of these water service-related assets at June 30, 2019, was not modified and is depreciated over the revised estimated useful lives of these assets. The effect of the change in estimated useful lives to depreciation expense, net
4

income and earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 is presented in the table below (in thousands, except earnings per share):

Effect on income statement line items due to change in estimated useful lives Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Increase in depreciation and amortization expense $ 916    $ 916   
Decrease in net income $ (723)   $ (723)  
Decrease in net income per Sub-share Certificate — basic and diluted $ (0.09)   $ (0.09)  

Reclassifications

Certain financial information on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 has been revised to conform to the current year presentation. These revisions include, but are not limited to, the classification of the tax like-kind exchange escrow from other assets to a separate balance sheet line item and certain expense items from one expense line item to another expense line item. Total assets and expenses were not affected by these reclassifications.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):
September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents $ 249,881    $ 119,647   
Tax like-kind exchange escrow —    3,799   
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows $ 249,881    $ 123,446   

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” which amended the existing lease accounting guidance to require lessees to recognize a right of use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms greater than twelve months. We adopted the new leasing standard and all related amendments on January 1, 2019. We elected the optional transition method provided by ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements” and as a result, have not restated our condensed consolidated financial statements for prior periods presented. We also elected the practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance that retain the lease classification and initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to adoption of the standard. In addition, we have not reassessed the accounting treatment of contracts entered into prior to adoption of the new lease guidance.

As of September 30, 2019, we have recorded right-of-use assets of $3.3 million and lease liabilities for $3.5 million primarily related to operating leases in connection with our administrative offices located in Dallas and Midland, Texas. The office lease agreements require monthly rent payments and expire in December 2025 and August 2022, respectively. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating lease cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively.


5

Future minimum lease payments under these operating leases are as follows as of September 30, 2019 (in thousands):

2019 (excluding the nine months ended September 30)
$ 144   
2020 696   
2021 796   
2022 697   
2023 537   
Thereafter 1,067   
Total lease payments 3,937   
Less: imputed interest (466)  
Total operating lease liabilities $ 3,471   

Implementation Costs Incurred in Cloud Computing Arrangements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other — Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.” The ASU requires a customer in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract to follow existing internal-use software guidance to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset. The ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied retrospectively or as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Trust adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2019. The adoption of the guidance did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation — Retirement Benefits — Defined Benefit Plans — General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework — Changes to Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” The ASU eliminates requirements for certain disclosures and requires additional disclosures under defined benefit pension plans and other post-retirement plans. The ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Trust is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2018-14 will have on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

4. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Property, plant and equipment:
Water service-related assets (1)
$ 88,625    $ 62,919   
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
5,855    4,297   
Other
598    598   
Property, plant and equipment at cost 95,078    67,814   
Less: accumulated depreciation (8,006)   (3,012)  
Property, plant and equipment, net $ 87,072    $ 64,802   

(1) Water service-related assets reflect assets related to water sourcing and water treatment projects.

Depreciation expense was $2.6 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Depreciation expense was $5.2 million and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

6

5. Real Estate Activity

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Trust owned the following land and real estate (in thousands, except number of acres):
September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Number of Acres Net Book Value Number of Acres Net Book Value
Land (surface rights) 855,476    $ —    877,462    $ —   
Real estate acquired 46,386    84,902    24,715    10,492   
Total real estate situated in 19 counties in Texas
901,862    $ 84,902    902,177    $ 10,492   

No valuation allowance was necessary at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Land Sales

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Trust sold approximately 21,986 acres (13,180 acres in Loving County, 5,675 acres in Culberson County, 1,651 acres in Hudspeth County, 843 acres in Reeves County, 636 acres in Midland County and approximately 1 acre in Glasscock County) of land in Texas for an aggregate sales price of approximately $113.0 million, with an average of approximately $5,141 per acre.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Trust sold approximately 167 acres (80 acres in Culberson County, 40 acres in Loving County, 32 in Reeves County and 15 in El Paso County) of land in Texas for an aggregate sales price of approximately $4.3 million, with an average of approximately $25,734 per acre.

Land Acquisitions

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Trust acquired approximately 21,671 acres (Culberson, Glasscock, Loving and Reeves Counties) of land in Texas for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $74.4 million, with an average of approximately $3,434 per acre.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Trust acquired approximately 2,884 acres (Mitchell and Upton Counties) of land in Texas for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $2.7 million, with an average of approximately $924 per acre.

6. Royalty Interests

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Trust owned the following oil and gas royalty interests (in thousands, except number of interests):
Net Book Value
September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
1/16th nonparticipating perpetual royalty interests $ —    $ —   
1/128th nonparticipating perpetual royalty interests —    —   
Royalty interests acquired 29,320    24,303   
Total royalty interests $ 29,320    $ 24,303   

No valuation allowance was necessary at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Trust acquired oil and gas royalty interests in approximately 1,247 net royalty acres (normalized to 1/8th) for an aggregate purchase price of $4.7 million, an average price of approximately $3,800 per net royalty acre.

There were no oil and gas royalty interest transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

7

7. Income Taxes

Effective January 1, 2018, the statutory Federal income tax rate for the Trust decreased from 35% to 21%. The Trust’s effective Federal income tax rate is less than the 21% statutory rate because taxable income is reduced by statutory percentage depletion allowed on mineral royalty income.

The Trust structured the $100.0 million land sale consummated in January 2019 as a §1031 exchange for federal income tax purposes and recognized temporary tax basis differences related to acquisition of property, plant and equipment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. As a result, the current federal income tax liability and expense were each reduced by approximately $20.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, while the deferred federal income tax liability and expense increased by the same amount.

8. Capital

The Sub-share Certificates (“Sub-shares”) and the Certificates of Proprietary Interest are freely interchangeable in the ratio of one Certificate of Proprietary Interest for 3,000 Sub-shares or 3,000 Sub-shares for one Certificate of Proprietary Interest.

Dividends

On March 15, 2019, we paid $46.5 million in dividends representing a regular cash dividend of $1.75 per Sub-share and a special dividend of $4.25 per Sub-share for sub-shareholders of record at the close of business on March 8, 2019.

On March 16, 2018, we paid $31.7 million in dividends representing a regular cash dividend of $1.05 per Sub-share and a special dividend of $3.00 per Sub-share for sub-shareholders of record at the close of business on March 9, 2018.

Repurchases of Sub-shares

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we purchased and retired 6,258 Sub-shares. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we purchased and retired 39,768 Sub-shares.

9. Business Segment Reporting

During the periods presented, we reported our financial performance based on the following segments: Land and Resource Management and Water Services and Operations. Our segments provide management with a comprehensive financial view of our key businesses. The segments enable the alignment of strategies and objectives of the Trust and provide a framework for timely and rational allocation of resources within businesses. We eliminate any inter-segment revenues and expenses upon consolidation.

The Land and Resource Management segment encompasses the business of managing approximately 900,000 acres of land and related resources in West Texas owned by the Trust. The revenue streams of this segment consist primarily of royalties from oil and gas, revenues from easements and commercial leases, and land and material sales.
The Water Services and Operations segment encompasses the business of providing a full-service water offering to operators in the Permian Basin. The revenue streams of this segment consist of revenue generated from direct sales of sourced and treated water as well as revenues from royalties on water service-related activity.

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Segment financial results were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended
September 30, 		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2019 2018    2019 2018
Revenues:
Land and resource management
$ 65,076    $ 47,513    $ 284,223    $ 142,642   
Water services and operations
33,454    25,655    92,941    64,377   
Total consolidated revenues $ 98,530    $ 73,168    $ 377,164    $ 207,019   
Net income:
Land and resource management
$ 43,911    $ 36,385    $ 204,222    $ 109,700   
Water services and operations
16,111    14,377    45,384    37,356   
Total consolidated net income $ 60,022    $ 50,762    $ 249,606    $ 147,056   
Capital expenditures:
Land and resource management
$ 29    $ 909    $ 1,445    $ 2,464   
Water services and operations
4,949    7,533    26,134    37,542   
Total capital expenditures $ 4,978    $ 8,442    $ 27,579    $ 40,006   
Depreciation and amortization:
Land and resource management
$ 257    $ 160    $ 695    $ 330   
Water services and operations
2,374    546    4,591    1,189   
Total depreciation and amortization $ 2,631    $ 706    $ 5,286    $ 1,519   

The following table presents total assets and property, plant and equipment, net by segment as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018
Assets:
Land and resource management
$ 398,120    $ 198,922   
Water services and operations
123,874    86,153   
Total consolidated assets $ 521,994    $ 285,075   
Property, plant and equipment, net:
Land and resource management
$ 4,470    $ 3,720   
Water services and operations
82,602    61,082   
Total consolidated property, plant and equipment, net $ 87,072    $ 64,802   

10. Oil and Gas Producing Activities

There are a number of oil and gas wells that have been drilled but are not yet completed (“DUC”) where the Trust has a royalty interest. As of September 30, 2019, the Trust has identified 424 DUC wells subject to our royalty interest. Beginning in the third quarter of 2019, we implemented a new methodology to quantify the number of DUC wells. We changed the measurement period for determining a DUC well from waiting a minimum of 120 days to all wells awaiting completion. Additionally, we began using uniform drilling spacing units with pooled interests which yields a higher number of DUC wells at a lower net royalty interest. For comparative purposes, the table below presents the number of DUC wells by quarter for current and prior periods utilizing the new methodology discussed above:
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  Number of DUC wells
September 30, 2019 424
June 30, 2019 369
March 31, 2019 376
December 31, 2018 362
September 30, 2018 341
June 30, 2018 364
March 31, 2018 347
December 31, 2017 319

11. Subsequent Events

We evaluate events that occur after the balance sheet date but before consolidated financial statements are, or are available to be issued to determine if a material event requires our amending the consolidated financial statements or disclosing the event. We evaluated subsequent events through the filing date we issued these consolidated financial statements and did not identify any subsequent events requiring disclosure.



*****
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements regarding management’s expectations, hopes, intentions or strategies regarding the future. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding the Trust’s future operations and prospects, the markets for real estate in the areas in which the Trust owns real estate, applicable zoning regulations, the markets for oil and gas, production limits on prorated oil and gas wells authorized by the Railroad Commission of Texas, expected competition, the impacts thereof and other possible changes in composition of the Trustees, management’s intent, beliefs or current expectations with respect to the Trust’s future financial performance and other matters. All forward-looking statements in this Report are based on information available to us as of the date this Report is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and we assume no responsibility to update any such forward-looking statements, except as required by law. All forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The following discussion and analysis should be read together with (i) the factors discussed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, (ii) the factors discussed in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and (iii) the Financial Statements, including the Notes thereto, and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Report. Period-to-period comparisons of financial data are not necessarily indicative, and therefore should not be relied upon as indicators, of the Trust’s future performance. Words or phrases such as “expects” and “believes”, or similar expressions, when used in this Form 10-Q or other filings with the SEC, are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Overview

Texas Pacific Land Trust (which together with its subsidiaries as the context requires, may be referred to as “Texas Pacific”, the “Trust”, “our”, “we” or “us”) is one of the largest landowners in the State of Texas with approximately 900,000 acres of land in West Texas. We were organized under a Declaration of Trust, dated February 1, 1888, to receive and hold title to extensive tracts of land in the State of Texas, previously the property of the Texas and Pacific Railway Company. Our Trustees are empowered under the Declaration of Trust to manage the lands with all the powers of an absolute owner.
Our revenues are derived primarily from oil and gas royalties, sales of water and land, easements and commercial leases. Due to the nature of our operations, our revenue is subject to substantial fluctuations from quarter to quarter and year to year. The demand for, and sale price of, particular tracts of land is influenced by many factors beyond our control, including general economic conditions, the rate of development in nearby areas and the suitability of the particular tract for commercial uses prevalent in western Texas.
We are not an oil and gas producer. Rather, our oil and gas revenue is derived from our oil and gas royalty interests. Thus, in addition to being subject to fluctuations in response to the market prices for oil and gas, our oil and gas royalty revenues are also subject to decisions made by the owners and operators of the oil and gas wells to which our royalty interests relate as to investments in and production from those wells. We monitor production reports from the operators, the Texas Railroad Commission, and other private data providers to assure that we are being paid the appropriate royalties.
Our revenue from easements is primarily generated from pipelines transporting oil, gas and related hydrocarbons, power line and utility easements, and subsurface wellbore easements. Since the second quarter of 2016, our easements typically have a ten-year term. Commercial lease revenue is derived primarily from saltwater disposal royalties, processing, storage and compression facilities and roads.
In prior years, we entered into agreements with energy companies and oilfield service businesses to allow such companies to explore for water, drill water wells, construct water-related infrastructure and purchase water sourced from land that we own. Energy businesses use water for their oil and gas projects while non-energy businesses (i.e., water management
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service companies) operate water facilities to produce and sell water to energy businesses. We collect revenue from royalties under these legacy agreements.
Demand for water solutions is expected to grow as drilling and completion activity in the Permian Basin continues to increase. In response to that anticipated demand, the Trust formed Texas Pacific Water Resources LLC (“TPWR”) in June 2017. TPWR, a single member LLC and wholly owned subsidiary of the Trust, focuses on providing full-service water offerings to operators in the Permian Basin. These services include, but are not limited to, water sourcing, produced-water gathering/treatment, infrastructure development, disposal solutions, water tracking, analytics and well testing services.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Trust invested approximately $25.8 million in TPWR projects to develop water sourcing and water treatment assets.

Results of Operations

We operate our business in two segments: Land and Resource Management and Water Services and Operations. We eliminate any inter-segment revenues and expenses upon consolidation.

We analyze financial results for each of our reportable segments. The reportable segments presented are consistent with our reportable segments discussed in Note 9, “Business Segment Reporting” in Item 1. Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We monitor our reporting segments based upon revenue and net income calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018

Revenues. Revenues increased $25.3 million, or 34.7%, to $98.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $73.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Net income increased $9.2 million, or 18.2%, to $60.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $50.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

The following is an analysis of our operating results for the comparable periods by reportable segment (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
2019 2018   
Revenues:
Land and resource management:
Oil and gas royalties
$ 38,259    39  % $ 31,253    43  %
Easements and other surface-related income 22,111    22  % 14,591    20  %
Land sales and other operating revenue 4,706    5  % 1,669    2  %
65,076    66  % 47,513    65  %
Water services and operations:
Water sales and royalties
21,654    22  % 18,178    25  %
Easements and other surface-related income 11,800    12  % 7,477    10  %
33,454    34  % 25,655    35  %
Total consolidated revenues $ 98,530    100  % $ 73,168    100  %
Net income:
Land and resource management
$ 43,911    73  % $ 36,385    72  %
Water services and operations
16,111    27  % 14,377    28  %
Total consolidated net income $ 60,022    100  % $ 50,762    100  %

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Land and Resource Management

Land and Resource Management segment revenues increased $17.6 million, or 37.0%, to $65.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared with $47.5 million for the comparable period of 2018.
Oil and gas royalties. Oil and gas royalty revenue was $38.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $31.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Oil royalty revenue was $33.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of 37.2% over the three months ended September 30, 2018 when oil royalty revenue was $24.1 million. This increase in oil royalty revenue is principally due to a 50.4% increase in crude oil production subject to the Trust’s royalty interest, partially offset by a 8.8% decrease in the average price per royalty barrel of crude oil received during the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. Gas royalty revenue was $5.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of 27.6% over the three months ended September 30, 2018 when gas royalty revenue was $7.1 million. While gas production increased 125.9% in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018, the 64.6% decrease in prices received for gas production over the same time period had a more significant impact on gas royalty revenue.
Easements and other surface-related income. Easements and other surface-related income was $22.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of 51.5% compared to $14.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Easements and other surface-related income includes pipeline, power line and utility easements, commercial leases, material sales, and seismic and temporary permits. The increase in easements and other surface-related income is principally related to a 39.6% increase in pipeline easement income to $12.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $9.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Additionally, commercial lease revenue was $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, more than double the $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Easements and other surface-related income is unpredictable and may vary significantly from period to period.
Land sales and other operating revenue. Land sales and other operating revenue includes revenue generated from land sales and grazing leases. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, we sold approximately 77 acres of land for total consideration of $4.6 million, or approximately $59,960 per acre. Land sales revenue was $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, when the Trust sold approximately 47 acres of land for an average price of approximately $32,953 per acre.
Net income. Net income for the Land and Resource Management segment was $43.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $36.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. As discussed above, revenues for the Land and Resource Management segment increased $17.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period of 2018. Expenses, including income tax expense, for the Land and Resource Management segment were $21.2 million and $11.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in expenses was principally related to approximately $4.9 million of legal and professional fees as discussed further below under “Other Financial Data — Consolidated.” No such expenses were incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The remaining increase was principally related to salaries and related employee expenses as discussed further below under “Other Financial Data — Consolidated.”
Water Services and Operations
Water Services and Operations segment revenues increased 30.4% to $33.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared with $25.7 million for the comparable period of 2018.
Water sales and royalties. Water sales and royalties revenue was $21.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $3.5 million, or 19.1%, compared with the three months ended September 30, 2018 when water sales and royalty revenue was $18.2 million. This increase was principally due to a 34.0% sales increase in the number of barrels of sourced and treated water sold in the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.
Easements and other surface-related income. Easements and other surface-related income for the Water Services and Operations segment includes pipeline easement royalties, commercial lease royalties and income from temporary permits. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the combined income from these revenue streams was $11.8 million, an increase of 57.8%, as compared to $7.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Pipeline easement royalties increased $4.0 million to $6.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018.
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Net income. Net income for the Water Services and Operations segment was $16.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $14.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. As discussed above, revenues for the Water Services and Operations segment increased 30.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period of 2018. Expenses, including income tax expense, for the Water Services and Operations segment were $17.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to $11.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in expenses is principally related to the $1.8 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period of 2018. Additionally, water service operating expenses, primarily fuel and repairs and maintenance related to increased sourcing and transfer of water, increased $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period of 2018. The remaining increase was principally related to increased salaries and related employee expenses as discussed further below under “Other Financial Data — Consolidated.”
Other Financial Data — Consolidated
 
Salaries and related employee expenses. Salaries and related employee expenses were $8.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $4.1 million for the comparable period of 2018. The increase in salaries and related employee expenses is directly related to the increase in the number of employees from 58 employees as of September 30, 2018 to 89 as of September 30, 2019 and additional contract labor expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period of 2018.
Water service-related expenses. Water service-related expenses were $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $3.7 million for the comparable period of 2018. This increase in expenses was principally the result of an increase in fuel and repairs and maintenance expenses to source and transfer water. The increase in expenses is directly related to the 34.0% sales increase in the number of barrels of sourced and treated water sold as previously discussed.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $1.7 million to $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $1.2 million for the same period of 2018. The increase in general and administrative expenses is principally related to increased expenses associated with our independent contractor service providers, computer-related software and services, and additional liability insurance.
Legal and professional fees. Legal and professional fees were $5.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $0.6 million for the comparable period of 2018. The increase in legal and professional fees for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018 is principally due to approximately $4.9 million of legal and professional fees related to the proxy contest to elect a new Trustee, the entry into and payments made under the settlement agreement dated July 30, 2019 and the conversion exploration committee as disclosed in the Trust's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 30, 2019. We anticipate receiving a partial reimbursement of these legal and professional fees under coverage provided by our director and officer insurance policy. The amount of the reimbursement has not yet been determined.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization was $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in depreciation and amortization is principally related to the Trust’s investment in water service-related assets placed in service in 2019 and the latter half of 2018, and to a lesser extent, additional depreciation expense related to the change in estimated useful lives of certain water service-related assets as discussed in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Change in Accounting Estimate.”


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For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018

Revenues. Revenues increased $170.2 million, or 82.2%, to $377.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $207.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Net income increased $102.5 million, or 69.7%, to $249.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $147.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The following is an analysis of our operating results for the comparable periods by reportable segment (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2019 2018   
Revenues:
Land and resource management:
Oil and gas royalties
$ 111,113    29  % $ 88,078    43  %
Easements and other surface-related income 59,761    16  % 49,896    24  %
Land sales and other operating revenue 113,349    30  % 4,668    2  %
284,223    75  % 142,642    69  %
Water services and operations:
Water sales and royalties
65,067    17  % 47,428    23  %
Easements and other surface-related income 27,874    8  % 16,949    8  %
92,941    25  % 64,377    31  %
Total consolidated revenues $ 377,164    100  % $ 207,019    100  %
Net income:
Land and resource management
$ 204,222    82  % $ 109,700    75  %
Water services and operations
45,384    18  % 37,356    25  %
Total consolidated net income $ 249,606    100  % $ 147,056    100  %

Land and Resource Management

Land and Resource Management segment revenues increased $141.6 million, or 99.3%, to $284.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared with $142.6 million for the comparable period of 2018.
Oil and gas royalties. Oil and gas royalty revenue was $111.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $88.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Oil royalty revenue was $92.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of 34.2% over the nine months ended September 30, 2018 when oil royalty revenue was $69.0 million. This increase in oil royalty revenue is principally due to a 49.4% increase in crude oil production subject to the Trust’s royalty interest, partially offset by a 9.8% decrease in the average price per royalty barrel of crude oil received during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. Gas royalty revenue was $18.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease of 3.0%, over the nine months ended September 30, 2018 when gas royalty revenue was $19.1 million. While gas production increased 122.3% in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the 52.6% decrease in prices received for gas production over the same time period had a more significant impact on gas royalty revenue.
Easements and other surface-related income. Easements and other surface-related income was $59.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of 19.8% compared to $49.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Easements and other surface-related income includes pipeline, power line and utility easements, commercial leases, material sales, and seismic and temporary permits. The increase in easements and other surface-related income is principally related to the increase in pipeline easement income which increased 16.1% to $39.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $33.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Additionally, commercial lease revenue was $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, more than double the $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Easements and other surface-related income is unpredictable and may vary significantly from period to period.
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Land sales and other operating revenue. Land sales and other operating revenue includes revenue generated from land sales and grazing leases. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we sold approximately 21,986 acres of land for total consideration of $113.0 million, or approximately $5,141 per acre. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold approximately 167 acres of land for total consideration of $4.3 million, or approximately $25,734 per acre.
Net income. Net income for the Land and Resource Management segment was $204.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $109.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. As discussed above, revenues for the Land and Resource Management segment increased $141.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period of 2018. Expenses, including income tax expense, for the Land and Resource Management segment were $80.0 million and $32.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in expenses was principally related to increased income tax expense associated with 2019 land sales totaling $113.0 million. Total consolidated income tax expense of $63.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 includes $20.1 million which is eligible for deferral as a result of our classification of a land sale in January 2019 as a §1031 tax exchange and recognized temporary tax basis differences related to acquisitions of property, plant and equipment. The remaining increase was principally related to increased legal and professional fees, salaries and related employee expenses and general and administrative expenses as discussed further below under “Other Financial Data — Consolidated.”
Water Services and Operations
Water Services and Operations segment revenues increased $28.5 million, or 44.4%, to $92.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared with $64.4 million for the comparable period of 2018.
Water sales and royalties. Water sales and royalties revenue was $65.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, an increase of $17.7 million, or 37.2%, compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2018 when water sales and royalty revenue was $47.4 million. This increase was principally due to a 41.8% sales increase in the number of barrels of sourced and treated water sold in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.
Easements and other surface-related income. Easements and other surface-related income for the Water Services and Operations segment includes pipeline easement royalties, commercial lease royalties and income from temporary permits. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the combined income from these revenue streams was $27.9 million as compared to $16.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of 64.5%. This increase was principally related to pipeline easement royalties which increased $11.1 million to $14.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Net income. Net income for the Water Services and Operations segment was $45.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $37.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. As discussed above, revenues for the Water Services and Operations segment increased $28.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period of 2018. Expenses, including income tax expense, for the Water Services and Operations segment were $47.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to $27.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in expenses during 2019 is principally related to increased water service-related operating expenses, principally fuel, repairs and maintenance and equipment rental related to sourcing and transfer of water. The remaining increase was principally related to increased salaries and related employee expenses as discussed further below under “Other Financial Data — Consolidated.”
Other Financial Data — Consolidated
 
Salaries and related employee expenses. Salaries and related employee expenses were $22.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $10.4 million for the comparable period of 2018. The increase in salaries and related employee expenses is directly related to the increase in the number of employees from 58 employees as of September 30, 2018 to 89 as of September 30, 2019 and additional contract labor expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period of 2018.
Water service-related expenses. Water service-related expenses were $15.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $7.6 million for the comparable period of 2018. This increase in expenses was principally related to an increase in fuel, repairs and maintenance and equipment rental to source and transfer water. The increase in expenses is directly related to the 41.8% sales increase in the number of barrels of sourced and treated water sold as previously discussed.
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General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $4.2 million to $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $2.9 million for the same period of 2018. The increase in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to increased expenses associated with our independent contractor service providers, computer-related software and services, and a contribution of $0.3 million to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Foundation to benefit the Balmorhea State Park in West Texas during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Legal and professional fees. Legal and professional fees were $15.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.6 million for the comparable period of 2018. The increase in legal and professional fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018 is principally due to approximately $12.2 million of legal and professional fees related to the proxy contest to elect a new Trustee, the entry into and payments made under the settlement agreement dated July 30, 2019 and the conversion exploration committee as disclosed in the Trust's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 30, 2019. We anticipate receiving a partial reimbursement of these legal and professional fees under coverage provided by our director and officer insurance policy. The amount of the reimbursement has not yet been determined.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization was $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in depreciation and amortization is principally related to the Trust’s investment in water service-related assets placed in service in 2019 and the latter half of 2018 and to a lesser extent, additional depreciation expense related to the change in estimated useful lives of certain water service-related assets as discussed in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Change in Accounting Estimate.”

Cash Flow Analysis
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018
Cash flows provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were $284.2 million and $130.8 million, respectively. This increase in operating cash flows is principally due to increases in proceeds from land sales, oil and gas royalties, easements and other surface-related payments and water sales and royalties during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Cash flows used in investing activities were $106.9 million compared to $42.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increased use of investing cash flows is principally due to our acquisition of approximately 21,671 acres of land in Culberson, Glasscock, Loving and Reeves Counties, Texas for approximately $74.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was partially offset by a $12.4 million reduction in capital expenditures during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period of 2018.
Cash flows used in financing activities were $50.9 million compared to $57.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Trust paid total dividends of $46.5 million consisting of a regular cash dividend of $1.75 per Sub-share Certificate (“Sub-share”) and a special dividend of $4.25 per Sub-share to each sub-shareholder of record at the close of business on March 8, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Trust paid total dividends of $31.7 million consisting of a regular cash dividend of $1.05 per Sub-share and a special dividend of $3.00 per Sub-share to each sub-shareholder of record at the close of business on March 9, 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
The Trust’s principal sources of liquidity are its revenues from oil and gas royalties, easements and other surface-related income, and water and land sales.
Our primary liquidity and capital requirements are for capital expenditures related to our Water Services and Operations segment, working capital and general corporate needs. As of September 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $249.9 million that we expect to utilize, along with cash flow from operations, to provide capital to support the growth of our business, particularly the growth of TPWR, to repurchase additional Sub-shares subject to market conditions, and for general corporate purposes. We believe that cash from operations, together with our cash and cash equivalents balances, will be enough to meet ongoing capital expenditures, working capital requirements and other cash needs for the foreseeable future.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Trust has not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. For a full discussion of our accounting policies please refer to Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019. Our most critical accounting policies and estimates include: accrual of oil and gas royalties and gain recognition on land sales. We continually evaluate our judgments, estimates and assumptions. We base our estimates on the terms of underlying agreements, historical experience and other factors that we believe are reasonable based on the circumstances, the results of which form our management’s basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For further information regarding recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 3, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 1. Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
There have been no material changes in the information related to market risk of the Trust since December 31, 2018.
 
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
 
Pursuant to Rule 13a-15, management of the Trust under the supervision and with the participation of Tyler Glover, the Trust’s Chief Executive Officer, and Robert J. Packer, the Trust’s Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the Trust’s fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, Mr. Glover and Mr. Packer concluded that the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information relating to the Trust required to be included in the Trust’s periodic SEC filings.
 
There have been no changes in the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting during the Trust’s most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Texas Pacific is not involved in any material pending legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
 
The following risk factor supplements the risk factors contained in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” set forth in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019.

Any governance or structural changes to the Trust could adversely affect the trading price and/or form of our Certificates of Proprietary Interest and Sub-shares.
Our Trustees formed a conversion exploration committee (the "Committee") in June 2019 to evaluate, from a corporate, corporate governance, tax, accounting and business perspective, whether the Trust should be converted into a C-corporation or, in the alternative, whether the Trust should remain a business trust (with potential amendments to the Trust’s Declaration of Trust). The Committee has been tasked with making a non-binding recommendation to the Trustees regarding this matter. We cannot predict whether, or when, any structural or governance change may be made that would affect the securities held by our sub-shareholders, our governance and/or our Declaration of Trust and how our sub-shareholders and investors may view any structural or governance change, if any. There can be no assurance of the terms of such changes or their effect on our securities or trading price. The trading price of our securities may be adversely affected by any decision of the Trustees to convert the Trust to a C-corporation or to remain as a trust.
 
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
  
The Trust did not repurchase any Sub-shares during the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

None

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Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX 
EXHIBIT
NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
31.1*
31.2*
32.1*
32.2*
101* The following information from the Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Total Comprehensive Income, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (iv) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 The cover page from the Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q formatted in iXBRL.

* Filed or furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
TEXAS PACIFIC LAND TRUST
(Registrant)
Date: November 7, 2019 By: /s/ Tyler Glover
Tyler Glover, General Agent and
Chief Executive Officer
Date: November 7, 2019 By: /s/ Robert J. Packer
Robert J. Packer, General Agent and
Chief Financial Officer

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