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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
 QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020
OR
 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission file number 001-36720

UPLAND SOFTWARE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware 27-2992077
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
401 Congress Ave., Suite 1850
Austin, Texas 78701
(Address, including zip code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
(512) 960-1010
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share UPLD The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x   No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x   No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
As of May 1, 2020, 25,305,427 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock were outstanding. 


Upland Software, Inc.
Table of Contents 
Page
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019
2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019
3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019
4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019
5
6
24
38
39
40
40
41
42
 





Item 1. Financial Statements
Upland Software, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except for share and per share information)
March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
  (unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 98,688    $ 175,024   
Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $1,519 and $1,238 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)
55,398    50,938   
Deferred commissions, current 3,645    3,059   
Unbilled receivables 5,689    5,111   
Prepaid and other 7,452    4,748   
Total current assets 170,872    238,880   
Tax credits receivable 4,219    4,186   
Property and equipment, net 4,035    3,917   
Operating lease right-of-use asset 12,353    8,056   
Intangible assets, net 302,948    282,727   
Goodwill 377,745    346,134   
Deferred commissions, noncurrent 9,427    8,763   
Other assets 1,934    4,165   
Total assets $ 883,533    $ 896,828   
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 4,794    $ 5,904   
Accrued compensation 5,202    11,559   
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 15,756    15,344   
Deferred revenue 87,785    76,558   
Due to sellers 14,731    14,276   
Operating lease liabilities, current 3,828    2,533   
Current maturities of notes payable (includes unamortized discount of $2,209 and $2,207 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)
3,191    3,193   
Total current liabilities 135,287    129,367   
Notes payable, less current maturities (includes unamortized discount of $10,887 and $11,369 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)
521,013    521,881   
Deferred revenue, noncurrent 2,567    496   
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent 11,515    5,862   
Noncurrent deferred tax liability, net 24,472    25,685   
Other long-term liabilities 29,587    676   
Total liabilities 724,441    683,967   
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized: 25,305,427 and 25,250,120 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)
   
Additional paid-in capital 353,720    345,127   
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (43,396)   (1,223)  
Accumulated deficit (151,235)   (131,046)  
Total stockholders’ equity 159,092    212,861   
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 883,533    $ 896,828   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
1

Upland Software, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except for share and per share information)
  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2020 2019
Revenue:
Subscription and support $ 63,891    $ 44,983   
Perpetual license 361    657   
Total product revenue 64,252    45,640   
Professional services 3,780    2,853   
Total revenue 68,032    48,493   
Cost of revenue:
Subscription and support 19,939    13,274   
Professional services 2,262    1,514   
Total cost of revenue 22,201    14,788   
Gross profit 45,831    33,705   
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing 10,931    6,982   
Research and development 9,420    6,398   
Refundable Canadian tax credits (302)   (86)  
General and administrative 16,676    9,994   
Depreciation and amortization 9,271    5,259   
Acquisition-related expenses 15,158    7,723   
Total operating expenses 61,154    36,270   
Loss from operations (15,323)   (2,565)  
Other expense:
Interest expense, net (7,643)   (5,116)  
Other expense, net (1,402)   (761)  
Total other expense (9,045)   (5,877)  
Loss before provision for income taxes (24,368)   (8,442)  
Benefit from income taxes 4,287    612   
Net loss $ (20,081)   $ (7,830)  
Net loss per common share:
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted $ (0.81)   $ (0.38)  
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted 24,906,932    20,442,626   










The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

Upland Software, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2020 2019
Net loss $ (20,081)   $ (7,830)  
Foreign currency translation adjustment (3,459)   (637)  
Unrealized translation gain (loss) on foreign currency denominated intercompany loans (7,313)   3,006   
Unrealized loss on interest rate swaps (31,401)   —   
Comprehensive loss $ (62,254)   $ (5,461)  





























The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Upland Software, Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share amounts)



Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Common Stock Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
  Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2019 25,250,120    $   $ 345,127    $ (1,223)   $ (131,046)   $ 212,861   
Issuance of stock under Company plans, net of shares withheld for tax 55,307    —    (714)   —    —    (714)  
Issuance of stock, net of issuance costs —    —    (13)   —    —    (13)  
Stock-based compensation —    —    9,320    —    —    9,320   
Cumulative adjustment related to adoption of accounting standard —    —    —    —    (108)   (108)  
Foreign currency translation adjustment —    —    —    (3,459)   —    (3,459)  
Unrealized translation loss on foreign currency denominated intercompany loans —    —    —    (7,313)   —    (7,313)  
Unrealized gain loss on interest rate swaps —    —    —    (31,401)   —    (31,401)  
Net loss —    —    —    —    (20,081)   (20,081)  
Balance at March 31, 2020 25,305,427    $   $ 353,720    $ (43,396)   $ (151,235)   $ 159,092   


Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Common Stock Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
  Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018 21,489,112    $   $ 180,481    $ (7,501)   $ (85,675)   $ 87,307   
Issuance of common stock in business combination 3,651    —    (30)   —    —    (30)  
Issuance of stock under Company plans, net of shares withheld for tax (49,537)   —    (1,379)   —    —    (1,379)  
Stock-based compensation —    —    4,628    —    —    4,628   
Foreign currency translation adjustment —    —    —    (637)   —    (637)  
Unrealized translation gain on foreign currency denominated intercompany loans —    —    —    3,006    —    3,006   
Net loss —    —    —    —    (7,830)   (7,830)  
Balance at March 31, 2019 21,443,226    $   $ 183,700    $ (5,132)   $ (93,505)   $ 85,065   


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Upland Software, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
  Three Months Ended March 31,
  2020 2019
Operating activities
Net loss $ (20,081)   $ (7,830)  
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 11,737    7,387   
Deferred income taxes (4,348)   (2,811)  
Amortization of deferred costs 894    801   
Foreign currency re-measurement loss 587    (171)  
Non-cash interest and other expense 552    283   
Non-cash stock compensation expense 9,320    4,628   
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of purchase business combinations:
Accounts receivable (1,664)   5,980   
Prepaids and other (2,778)   (1,268)  
Accounts payable (3,439)   (269)  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5,942)   (766)  
Deferred revenue 9,853    (1,087)  
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (5,309)   4,877   
Investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment (296)   (173)  
Purchase of customer relationships (201)   —   
Purchase business combinations, net of cash acquired (67,651)   (2,999)  
Net cash used in investing activities (68,148)   (3,172)  
Financing activities
Payments on finance leases (55)   (233)  
Proceeds from notes payable, net of issuance costs (72)   (120)  
Payments on notes payable (1,350)   (1,781)  
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards (768)   (1,504)  
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs 41    96   
Additional consideration paid to sellers of businesses (1,000)   (1,258)  
Net cash used in financing activities (3,204)   (4,800)  
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash 325    379   
Change in cash and cash equivalents (76,336)   (2,716)  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 175,024    16,738   
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 98,688    $ 14,022   
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest, net of interest rate swaps $ 7,435    $ 4,854   
Cash paid for taxes $ 508    $ 758   
Sales commissions paid, net of amortization of deferred commissions $ 1,250    $ 1,184   
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Business combination consideration including holdbacks and earnouts $ 345    $ —   
Equipment acquired pursuant to financing lease obligations $ —    $ 44   


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5


Upland Software, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Upland Software, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “Upland”, the “Company”, “we” or “us”). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. There have been no significant changes in the Company’s accounting policies since December 31, 2020, except as discussed below with respect to the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-13.
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management of the Company, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements, in all material respects, and include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020 or for any other period.
The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2020.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Significant items subject to such estimates include those related to revenue recognition, deferred commissions, allowance for credit losses, stock-based compensation, contingent consideration, acquired intangible assets, the useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, and income taxes. In accordance with GAAP, management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Management regularly evaluates its estimates and assumptions using historical experience and other factors; however, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. Upland is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or judgments or a revision of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of May 8, 2020, the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are placed with high-quality financial institutions, which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts, and the Company does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk related to cash and cash equivalents. The Company provides credit, in the normal course of business, to a number of its customers. To manage accounts receivable credit risk, the Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers and maintains current expected credit losses which considers such factors as historical loss information, geographic location of customers, current market conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Changes in the allowance for credit losses were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
No individual customer represented more than 10% of total revenues for the three or three months ended March 31, 2020, or more than 10% of accounts receivable as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.
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Derivatives
The Company entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements to limit exposure to interest rate risk related to our debt. These interest rate swaps effectively convert the entire balance of the Company's $540 million term loans from variable interest payments to fixed interest rate payments, based on an annualized fixed rate of 5.4%, for the 7 year term of the debt. ASC 815 requires entities to recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the statement of financial position at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and, further, on the type of hedging relationship. The Company assessed the effectiveness of the hedging relationship under the hypothetical derivative method and noted that all of the critical terms of the hypothetical derivative and hedging instrument were the same. The hedging relationship continues to limit the Company’s exposure to the variability in interest rates under the Company’s term loans and related cash outflows. As such, the Company has deemed this hedging relationship as highly effective in offsetting cash flows attributable to hedged risk (variability in forecasted monthly interest payments) for the term of the term loans and interest rate swap agreements. All derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value as a net asset or liability in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2020 the fair value of the interest rate swaps included in Other long term-liabilities in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets was $29.0 million. As of December 31, 2019 the fair value of the interest rate swaps included in Other assets in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets was $2.4 million.

The change in the fair value of the hedging instruments is recorded in Other comprehensive income. Amounts deferred in Other comprehensive income will be reclassified to Interest expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the hedged item affects earnings.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company accounts for financial instruments in accordance with the authoritative guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures for financial assets and liabilities. This guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The guidance also establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value.
These tiers include Level 1, defined as observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore, requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.
The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and long–term debt. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value, primarily due to short maturities. The carrying values of the Company’s debt instruments approximated their fair value based on rates currently available to the Company.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently issued accounting pronouncements
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. These amendments are effective immediately and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before December 31, 2022. The Company does not anticipate the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, to eliminate, add and modify certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, but public companies will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, but entities are permitted to early adopt either the entire standard or only
7


the provisions that eliminate or modify the requirements. The Company adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2020 with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the impairment model for most financial assets. The new model uses a forward-looking expected loss method, which will generally result in earlier recognition of allowances for losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2020 and as a result of the adoption recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to decrease the beginning balance of Accumulated deficit in the amount of $0.1 million, which represents the accelerated recognition of credit losses related to our trade receivables under the expected credit loss model of calculating our current expected credit losses compared to the previous incurred loss model.
2. Acquisitions
The Company performs quantitative and qualitative analyses to determine the significance of each acquisition to the financial statements the Company. Based on these analyses the below acquisitions were deemed to be insignificant on an individual and cumulative basis.
2020 Acquisitions
Acquisitions completed during the three months ended March 31, 2020 include the following:
Localytics - On February 6, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase the shares comprising the entire issued share capital of Char Software, Inc (dba Localytics), a Delaware corporation (“Localytics”), a provider of mobile app personalization and analytics solutions. Revenues recorded since the acquisition date through March 31, 2020 were approximately $2.5 million.
2019 Acquisitions
Acquisitions completed during the year ended December 31, 2019 include the following:
Postup - On April 18, 2019, the Company completed its purchase of the shares comprising the entire issued share capital of Postup Holdings, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Postup”), and Postup Digital, LLC, a Texas limited liability company, an Austin-based company providing email and audience development solutions for publishing & media brands.
Kapost - On May 24, 2019, the Company completed of its purchase of the shares comprising the entire issued share capital of Daily Inches, Inc., d/b/a Kapost, a Delaware corporation (“Kapost”), a leading content operations platform provider for sales and marketing.
Cimpl - On August 21, 2019, the Company completed its purchase of the shares comprising the entire issued share capital of Cimpl, Inc., a Canadian corporation (“Cimpl”), a leading cloud-based telecom expense management platform.
InGenius - On October 1, 2019, the Company completed its purchase of the shares comprising the entire issued share capital of InGenius Software Inc., a Canadian corporation (“InGenius”), a Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) solution for enterprise contact centers.
Altify - On October 4, 2019, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Upland Software UK, a limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, entered into an agreement to purchase the shares comprising the entire issued share capital of Altify Ireland Limited, a private company limited by shares organized and existing under the laws of Ireland (“Altify”), a customer revenue optimization (CRO) cloud solution for sales and the extended revenue teams.
Consideration
The following table summarizes the consideration transferred for the acquisitions described above (in thousands):
Localytics Altify InGenius Cimpl Kapost Postup
Cash $ 67,655    $ 84,000    $ 26,428    $ 23,071    $ 45,000    $ 34,825   
Holdback (1)
345    —    3,000    2,600    5,000    175   
Contingent consideration (2)
1,000    —    4,865    —    —    —   
Working capital adjustment —    —    —    —    (601)   —   
Total consideration $ 69,000    $ 84,000    $ 34,293    $ 25,671    $ 49,399    $ 35,000   
8


(1)Represents cash holdbacks subject to indemnification claims that are payable 12 months following closing for Localytics, InGenius, Cimpl, Kapost and Postup.
(2)Represents the acquisition date fair value of anticipated earn-out payments, which are based on the estimated probability of attainment of the underlying future performance-based conditions at the time of acquisition. The maximum potential payout for the InGenius and Localytics earn-outs are $15.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion regarding the calculation of fair value of acquisition related earn-outs.
Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed
The Company recorded the purchase of the acquisitions described above using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, recognized the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The purchase accounting for the 2019 acquisition of Altify and the 2020 acquisition of Localytics are preliminary as the Company has not obtained and evaluated all of the detailed information necessary to finalize the opening balance sheet amounts in all respects, specifically the tax impact not being finalized as of March 31, 2020. In addition, the valuation of intangible assets for Localytics was not finalized as of March 31, 2020. Management has recorded the purchase price allocations based upon acquired company information that is currently available. Management expects to complete its purchase price allocations for these acquisitions in the second half of 2020.
The following condensed table presents the preliminary and finalized acquisition-date fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisitions in during the year ended December 31, 2019 and through the three months ended March 31, 2020, as well as assets and liabilities (in thousands):
Preliminary Final
Localytics Altify InGenius Cimpl Kapost Postup
Year Acquired 2020 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019
Cash $ —    $ 730    $ 11    $ 142    $ —    $ 19   
Accounts receivable 3,648    6,629    1,456    1,041    3,901    1,054   
Other current assets 6,325    889    317    278    1,066    1,373   
Tax credits receivable —    916    1,489    1,383    —    —   
Operating lease right-of-use asset 7,605    1,085    1,099    230    2,136    —   
Property and equipment 409    139    364    233    686    743   
Customer relationships 30,500    50,954    11,208    12,430    23,735    10,667   
Trade name 300    1,112    424    216    787    468   
Technology 6,600    7,648    4,576    3,240    5,756    2,943   
Goodwill 39,646    34,426    24,141    12,928    20,953    21,973   
Other assets   378    —      —    —   
Total assets acquired 95,039    104,906    45,085    32,127    59,020    39,240   
Accounts payable (2,382)   (1,499)   (128)   (305)   (50)   (447)  
Accrued expense and other (6,752)   (3,901)   (2,807)   (1,206)   (3,724)   (530)  
Deferred tax liabilities (4,258)   (7,083)   (4,897)   (4,595)   (1,954)   (3,248)  
Deferred revenue (4,812)   (7,907)   (2,960)   (350)   (3,893)   (15)  
Operating lease liabilities (7,835)   (516)   —    —    —    —   
Total liabilities assumed (26,039)   (20,906)   (10,792)   (6,456)   (9,621)   (4,240)  
Total consideration $ 69,000    $ 84,000    $ 34,293    $ 25,671    $ 49,399    $ 35,000   
The Company uses third party valuation consultants to determine the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Tangible assets are valued at their respective carrying amounts, which approximates their estimated fair value. The valuation of identifiable intangible assets reflects management’s estimates based on, among other factors, use of established valuation methods. Customer relationships are valued using the multi-period excess earnings method. Developed technology and trade names are valued using the relief-from-royalty method.
9


The following table summarizes the weighted-average useful lives, by major finite-lived intangible asset class, for intangibles acquired during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019 (in years):
Useful Life
March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Customer relationships 8.0 9.8
Trade name 2.0 9.2
Developed technology 5.0 7.9
Total weighted-average useful life 7.4 9.5
During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill based on changes to management's estimates and assumptions. The change in the preliminary acquisition-date fair value of assets and liabilities for Altify during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was related primarily to a $1.0 million decrease in deferred tax liabilities.
The goodwill of $154.1 million for the above acquisitions is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after the acquisition. Goodwill deductible for tax purposes at the time of acquisition was $6.2 million.
Total transaction related expenses incurred with respect to acquisition activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 were $3.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Transaction related expenses, excluding transformation costs, include expenses such as banker fees, legal and professional fees, insurance costs, and deal bonuses.
Other Acquisitions and Divestitures
From time to time we may purchase or sell customer relationships that meet certain criteria. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and year ended December 31, 2019 we completed customer relationship acquisitions totaling $0.2 million and $1.6 million, respectively.
In the fourth quarter of 2019, Upland divested of certain minor non-strategic customer contracts and related website management and analytics assets. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2019 the Company recognized a $2.0 million non-cash expense on divestiture which is included in the Other income (expense), net line item in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations, for the year ended December 31, 2019. The assets divested consisted primarily of $2.2 million in deferred commission costs, $1.1 million in intangible assets (customer relationship and related technology), $0.2 million in allocated goodwill, and $1.0 million of liabilities primarily consisting of deferred revenue.
3. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. GAAP sets forth a three–tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The three tiers are Level 1, defined as observable inputs, such as quoted market prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, which therefore requires an entity to develop its own assumptions.
As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company has contingent accrued earnout business acquisition consideration liabilities for which fair values are measured as Level 3 instruments. These contingent consideration liabilities were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date and are remeasured periodically based on the then assessed fair value and adjusted if necessary. The increases or decreases in the fair value of contingent consideration payable can result from changes in anticipated revenue levels or changes in assumed discount periods and rates. As the fair value measure is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market, they are categorized as Level 3. Any gain (loss) related to subsequent changes in the fair value of contingent consideration is recorded in acquisition-related expense or other income (expense) in the Company's condensed consolidated statement of operations based on management's assessment of the nature of the liability. Earnout consideration liabilities are included in Due to sellers in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.
In connection with entering into, and expanding, the Company's current credit facility, as discussed further in Note 6. Debt, the Company entered into interest rate swaps for the full 7 year term of the Company's term loans, effectively fixing our interest rate at 5.4% for the full value $540 million of the term loans. The fair value of the Company's swaps are measured at the end of each interim reporting period based on the then assessed fair value and adjusted if necessary. As the fair value measure is based on the market approach, they are categorized as Level 2. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 the fair value of
10


the interest rate swaps are included in Other long term-liabilities and Other assets, respectively, on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):
  Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2020
(unaudited)
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Liabilities
Earnout consideration liability $ —    $ —    $ 4,565    $ 4,565   
Interest rate swap liability $ —    $ 28,977    $ —    $ 28,977   

  Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019
  Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:
Interest rate swap asset $ —    $ 2,424    $ —    $ 2,424   
Liabilities
Earnout consideration liability $ —    $ —    $ 4,394    $ 4,394   
The increase in cash earnouts from December 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020 is related primarily to the change in fair value of earnouts related to InGenius.
The following table presents additional information about earnout consideration liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which the Company has utilized significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs to determine fair value (in thousands):
March 31, 2020
(unaudited)
Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 4,394   
Remeasurement adjustments:
Gain included in earnings
171   
Acquisitions and settlements:
Acquisitions 1,000   
Settlements (1)
(1,000)  
Balance at March 31, 2020 $ 4,565   
(1) Includes a $1.0 million payment for the outstanding balance of earnout liabilities related to the acquisition of Localytics as describe in Note 2. Acquisitions.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company's contingent consideration liabilities designated as Level 3 are as follows:
Fair Value at March 31, 2020 Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs
Contingent acquisition consideration:
(InGenius)
$ 4,565    Binary option model Expected future annual revenue streams and probability of achievement
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Fair Value at December 31, 2019 Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs
Contingent acquisition consideration:
(InGenius)
$ 4,394    Binary option model Expected future annual revenue streams and probability of achievement
Fair value of the InGenius earnout is calculated as the lessor of 1) new annualized recurring revenue ("ARR") added during the earnout valuation period multiplied by a contracted earnout multiplier; or 2) $15.0 million. On a quarterly basis management estimates the new ARR expected to be added during the earnout valuation period as of the reporting date.
Sensitivity to Changes in Significant Unobservable Inputs
As presented in the table above, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of contingent consideration related to business acquisitions are forecasts of expected future annual revenues as developed by the Company's management and the probability of achievement of those revenue forecast. Significant increases (decreases) in these unobservable inputs in isolation would likely result in a significantly (lower) higher fair value measurement.
Debt
The Company believes the carrying value of its long-term debt at March 31, 2020 approximates its fair value based on the variable interest rate feature or based upon interest rates currently available to the Company.
The estimated fair value and carrying value of the Company's debt, before debt discount, at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are $537.3 million and $538.7 million, respectively, based on valuation methodologies using interest rates currently available to the Company, which are Level 2 inputs.
4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Changes in the Company’s goodwill balance for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are summarized in the table below (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 346,134   
Acquired in business combinations 39,646   
Adjustment related to prior year business combinations (996)  
Foreign currency translation adjustment (7,039)  
Balance at March 31, 2020 $ 377,745   
Net intangible assets include the estimated acquisition-date fair values of customer relationships, marketing-related assets, and developed technology that the Company recorded as part of its business acquisitions.
The following is a summary of the Company’s intangible assets, net (in thousands):
Estimated Useful
Life (Years)
Gross
Carrying Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount
March 31, 2020:
Customer relationships
1-10
$ 307,854    $ 61,530    $ 246,324   
Trade name
1.5-10
8,953    4,042    4,911   
Developed technology
4-9
76,577    25,342    51,235   
Non-compete agreements
3
1,148    670    478   
Total intangible assets $ 394,532    $ 91,584    $ 302,948   

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Estimated Useful
Life (Years)
Gross
Carrying Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount
December 31, 2019:
Customer relationships
1-10
$ 283,005    $ 53,984    $ 229,021   
Trade name
1.5-10
8,827    3,884    4,943   
Developed technology
4-9
71,522    23,333    48,189   
Non-compete agreements
3
1,148    574    574   
Total intangible assets $ 364,502    $ 81,775    $ 282,727   
The Company periodically reviews the estimated useful lives of its identifiable intangible assets, taking into consideration any events or circumstances that might result in either a diminished fair value or revised useful life. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company considered the current market and economic condition arising from the COVID-19 pandemic to be a potential indicator of impairment of the Company’s intangible assets and goodwill. Based on management’s qualitative review no impairment of intangible assets or goodwill was identified. During the fourth quarter of 2019, management made the decision to sunset and divest certain minor non-strategic customer contracts and related website management and analytics assets. The remaining useful life of certain customer relationship assets included in the sunset asset group were reduced by 1 year to 2.5 years which represents the term left on the current active contracts. Total amortization expense during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 was $11.2 million and $6.8 million, respectively.
The Company has historically performed its annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test as of October 31st. During the first quarter of 2020 the Company decided to change the date of its annual impairment test to the first day of its fourth fiscal quarter, October 1st. This change was made to improve alignment with our quarterly financial reporting process and our annual planning and budgeting process. In connection with the change in the date of our annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test the Company will also perform a qualitative assessment as of October 31, 2020 to ensure the change does not result in the delay, acceleration or avoidance of an impairment charge.
Estimated annual amortization expense for the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):
  Amortization
Expense
Year ending December 31:
Remainder of 2020 $ 33,275   
2021 42,822   
2022 40,290   
2023 38,244   
2024 35,603   
2025 and thereafter 112,714   
Total $ 302,948   

5. Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax benefit from (provision for) the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 reflects its estimate of the effective tax rates expected to be applicable for the full years, adjusted for any discrete events that are recorded in the period in which they occur. The estimates are re-evaluated each quarter based on the estimated tax expense for the full year.
The tax benefit of $4.3 million recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2020 is primarily related to the deferred tax benefit attributable to the release of valuation allowance related to the acquisition of deferred tax liabilities associated with the Localytics business combination, as discussed in Note 2. Acquisitions, and foreign income taxes associated with our combined non-U.S. operations. These tax benefits are offset by changes in deferred tax liabilities associated with amortization of United States tax deductible goodwill and state taxes in certain states in which the Company does not file on a consolidated basis or have net operating loss carryforwards.
The tax benefit of $0.6 million recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is primarily related to foreign income taxes associated with our combined non-U.S. operations, changes in deferred tax liabilities associated with amortization of
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United States tax deductible goodwill and state taxes in certain states in which the Company does not file on a consolidated basis or have net operating loss carryforwards.
The Company has historically incurred operating losses in the United States and, given its cumulative losses and limited history of profits, has recorded a valuation allowance against its United States net deferred tax assets, exclusive of tax deductible goodwill, at March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, Upland had $321 million of total net operating loss carryforwards of which approximately $197 million will be available for utilization prior to expiration. These balances include the net operating losses disclosed as of December 31, 2019 and the estimated net operating losses acquired in the current year via acquisitions based on information available as of March 31, 2020. The net operating loss carryforwards available for utilization prior to expiration consist of approximately $166 million and $31 million of U.S. federal and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, respectively.
The Company has reflected any uncertain tax positions primarily within its long-term taxes payable and a portion within deferred tax assets. The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in several state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for years ending before December 31, 2016 and is no longer subject to state and local or foreign income tax examinations by tax authorities for years ending before December 31, 2015. The Company is not currently under audit for federal, state or any foreign jurisdictions. U.S. operating losses generated in years prior to 2016 remain open to adjustment until the statute of limitations closes for the tax year in which the net operating losses are utilized.
6. Debt
Long-term debt consisted of the following at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Senior secured loans (includes unamortized discount of $13,096 and $13,576 based on an imputed interest rate of 5.9% and 5.8%, at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)
$ 524,204    $ 525,074   
Less current maturities (3,191)   (3,193)  
Total long-term debt $ 521,013    $ 521,881   

Credit Facility
On August 6, 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Facility”) which provides for (i) a fully-drawn $350 million, 7 year, senior secured term loan B facility (the “Term Loan”) and (ii) a new $60 million, 5 year, revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) that was fully available as of March 31, 2020. The Credit Facility replaced the Company's previous credit agreement. All outstanding balances under our previous credit facility were paid off using proceeds from our new Credit Facility.
On November 26, 2019 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into a First Incremental Assumption Agreement (the “Incremental Assumption Agreement”) which provides for a term loan facility to be established under the Credit Facility in an aggregate principal amount of $190.0 million (the “2019 Incremental Term Loan”) which is in addition to the existing $350.0 million term loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement and the $60.0 million revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement.
Payment terms
The Term Loans (including the 2019 Incremental Term Loan) are repayable on a quarterly basis beginning on December 31, 2019 by an amount equal to 0.25% (1.00% per annum) of the aggregate principal amount of such loan. Any amount remaining unpaid is due and payable in full on August 6, 2026 (the “Term Loan Maturity Date”).
At the option of the Company, the Term Loans (including the 2019 Incremental Term Loan) accrue interest at a per annum rate based on (i) the Base Rate plus a margin of 2.75% or (ii) the rate (not less than 0.00%) for Eurodollar deposits quoted on the LIBOR01 or LIBOR02 pages on the Reuters Screen, or as otherwise determined in accordance with the Credit Agreement (based on a period equal to 1, 2, 3 or 6 months or, if available and agreed to by all relevant Lenders and the Agent, 12 months or such period of less than 1 month) plus a margin of 3.75%. The Base Rate for any day is a rate per annum equal to the greatest of (i) the prime rate in effect on such day, (ii) the federal funds effective rate (not less than 0.00%) in effect on such day plus ½ of 1.00%, and (ii) the Eurodollar rate for a one month interest period beginning on such day plus 1.00%.
Accrued interest on the loans will be paid quarterly or, with respect to loans that are accruing interest based on the Eurodollar rate, at the end of the applicable interest rate period.
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Lenders under the Credit Facility are entitled to a premium in the event of certain prepayments or repricings of the Term Loan made within six months of the Closing Date in an amount equal to 1.00% times the aggregate principal amount of the initial Term Loan prepaid in connection with a repricing transaction or the aggregate principal amount of the initial Term Loan outstanding on such date that is subject to an effective pricing reduction pursuant to a repricing transaction, as applicable.
Interest rate swaps
On August 6, 2019, the Company also entered into an interest rate hedge instrument for the full 7 year term, effectively fixing our interest rate at 5.4% for the Term Loan. In addition, on November 26, 2019, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements to hedge the interest rate risk associated with the Company’s floating rate obligations under the 2019 Incremental Term Loan. These interest rate swaps fix the Company's interest rate (including the hedge premium) at 5.4% for the term of the Credit Agreement. The interest rate associated with our new $60 million, 5 year, the Revolver remains floating.
The interest rate swap has been designated as a cash flow hedge and is valued using a market approach, which is a Level 2 valuation technique. At March 31, 2020, the fair value of the interest rate swap was $29.0 million liability as a result of a decline in short term interest rates. In the next twelve months, the Company estimates that $4.7 million will be reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and recorded as an increase to Interest expense.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
(Loss) gain recognized in Other comprehensive income on derivative financial instruments $ (31,401)  
(Loss) gain reclassified from Other comprehensive income to Interest expense $ 66   
Total Interest expense in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded $ (7,397)  
Revolver
Loans under the Revolver are available up to $60 million. The Revolver provides a sub-facility whereby the Company may request letters of credit (the “Letters of Credit”) in an aggregate amount not to exceed, at any one time outstanding, $10.0 million for the Company. The aggregate amount of outstanding Letters of Credit are reserved against the credit availability under the Maximum Revolver Amount. The Company incurs a 0.50% per annum unused line fee on the unborrowed balance of the Revolver which is paid quarterly.
Loans under the Revolver may be borrowed, repaid and reborrowed until August 6, 2024 (the “Maturity Date”), at which time all amounts borrowed under the Revolver must be repaid. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Revolver or related sub facility.
Covenants
The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants limit the ability of the Loan Parties to, among other things (in each case subject to customary exceptions for a credit facility of this size and type):
Incur additional indebtedness or guarantee indebtedness of others;
Create liens on their assets;
Make investments, including certain acquisitions;
Enter into mergers or consolidations;
Dispose of assets;
Pay dividends and make other distributions on the Company’s capital stock, and redeem and repurchase the Company’s capital stock;
Enter into transactions with affiliates; and
Prepay indebtedness or make changes to certain agreements.

The Credit Facility has no financial covenants as long as less than 35% of the Revolver is drawn as of the last day of any fiscal quarter. If 35% of the Revolver is drawn as of the last day of a given fiscal quarter the Company will be required to maintain a Total Leverage Ratio (the ratio of funded indebtedness as of such date less the amount of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of the Company and its guarantors in an amount not to exceed $50.0 million, to adjusted EBITDA (calculated on a pro forma basis including giving effect to any acquisition)), measured on a quarter-end basis for each four consecutive fiscal quarters then ended, of not greater than 6.00 to 1.00.
In addition, the Credit Facility contains customary events of default subject to customary cure periods for certain defaults that include, among others, non-payment defaults, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, cross-defaults to certain other material indebtedness, change in control, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults and material judgment defaults. The occurrence of an event of default could result in the acceleration of Term Loans and Revolver and a right by the agent and lenders to exercise remedies. At the election of the lenders, a default interest rate shall apply on all obligations during an event
15


of default, at a rate per annum equal to 2.00% above the applicable interest rate. The Term Loan and Revolver are secured by substantially all of the Company's assets. As of March 31, 2020 the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility.
Cash interest costs averaged 5.4% and 6.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and for the year ended December 31, 2019, respectively. In addition, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 the Company had $13.1 million and $13.6 million, respectively, of unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the Credit Facility. These financing costs will be amortized to non-cash interest expense over the remaining term of the Credit Facility. As a result of the paydown of our previous credit facility, the Company was required to write off debt issuance cost of $2.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2019 as Loss on debt extinguishment, related to the unamortized debt discount on our previous term loan.
7. Net Loss Per Share
The following table sets forth the computations of loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Numerator:
Net Loss $ (20,081)   $ (7,830)  
Denominator:
Weighted–average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted 24,906,932    20,442,626   
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted $ (0.81)   $ (0.38)  
Due to the net losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively, basic and diluted loss per share were the same, as the effect of all potentially dilutive securities would have been anti–dilutive. The following table sets forth the anti–dilutive common share equivalents as of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019:
  March 31,
  2020 2019
Stock options 320,913    390,754   
Restricted stock awards 318,045    939,809   
Restricted stock units
1,848,066    380,950   
Performance restricted stock units 66,297    —   
Total anti–dilutive common share equivalents 2,553,321    1,711,513   

8. Commitments and Contingencies
Purchase Commitments
The Company has purchase commitments related to hosting services, third-party technology used in the Company's solutions and for other services the Company purchases as part of normal operations. In certain cases these arrangements require a minimum annual purchase commitment. As of March 31, 2020, the remaining aggregate minimum purchase commitment under these arrangements was approximately $10.8 million through 2024. Obligations under contracts that we can cancel without a significant penalty are not included.
In addition, the Company purchased software development services pursuant to a technology services agreement with DevFactory FZ-LLC for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 totaling $1.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The remaining purchase obligation after March 31, 2020 through December 31, 2020 is $5.5 million. See Note 12. Related Party Transactions for more information regarding our purchase commitment to this related party.
Litigation
In the normal course of business, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings. At this time, the Company is not involved in any current or pending legal proceedings, and does not anticipate any legal proceedings, that may have a material adverse affect on the Company's condensed consolidated balances sheets or condensed consolidated statement of operations.
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9. Stockholders' Equity
Registration Statement
On December 12, 2018, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-228767) (the “S-3”), to register Upland securities in an aggregate amount of up to $250.0 million for offerings from time to time. On May 13, 2019, the Company completed a registered underwritten public offering pursuant to the S-3 of 3,795,000 shares of the Company's $0.0001 par value common stock for an offering price to the public of $42.00 per share. This included the 495,000 shares issuable pursuant to a fully exercised option to purchase additional shares granted to the underwriters of the offering. The net proceeds of the offering of $151.1 million, net of issuance costs of $8.3 million, were used for general business purposes, including the funding of acquisitions.
Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income consists of two elements, net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) items are recorded in the stockholders’ equity section of our condensed consolidated balance sheets and excluded from net income. Our other comprehensive income (loss) consists of foreign currency translation adjustments for subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar, unrealized translation gains (losses) on foreign currency denominated intercompany loans, and unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps.
The following table shows the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes, in the stockholders’ equity section of our condensed consolidated balance sheets at the dates indicated (in thousands):
March 31,
2020
December 31,
2019
Foreign currency translation adjustment $ (7,989)   $ (4,530)  
Unrealized translation gain (loss) on foreign currency denominated intercompany loans (6,430)   883   
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps (28,977)   2,424   
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (43,396)   $ (1,223)  
Income tax expense/benefit allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) is not material.
The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries are the local currencies. Results of operations for foreign subsidiaries are translated in United States dollars using the average exchange rates on a monthly basis during the year. The assets and liabilities of those subsidiaries are translated into United States dollars using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The related translation adjustments are recorded in a separate component of stockholders' equity in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
The Company has foreign currency denominated intercompany loans that were used to fund the acquisitions of foreign subsidiaries. Due to the long-term nature of the loan, the foreign currency gains (losses) resulting from re-measurement are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, a foreign currency translation adjustment loss of $7.3 million and gain of $3.0 million, respectively, was recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to this long-term intercompany loan.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense from all awards in the following expense categories (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Cost of revenue $ 318    $ 160   
Research and development 615    322   
Sales and marketing 549    139   
General and administrative 7,838    4,007   
Total $ 9,320    $ 4,628   
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Restricted Stock Units
Beginning in 2019, the Company began granting restricted stock units under its 2014 Stock Incentive Plan, in lieu of restricted stock awards, primarily for stock plan administrative purposes. Restricted stock unit activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was as follows:
Number of
Restricted Stock Units Outstanding
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested balances at December 31, 2019 790,807    $ 39.55   
Units granted 1,221,273    40.82   
Units vested (104,212)   41.80   
Awards forfeited (59,802)   42.07   
Unvested balances at March 31, 2020 1,848,066    $ 40.18   
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units
In 2020 fifty percent of the awards made to our Chief Executive Officer were performance based restricted stock units ("PRSUs"). The PRSU agreement provides that the quantity of units subject to vesting may range from 0% to 300% of the units granted per the table below based on the Company's absolute total shareholder return at the end of the eighteen month performance period. Units granted per the table below are based on a 100% target payout. Compensation expense is recognized over the required service period of the grant and is determined based on the grant date fair value of the award and is not subject to fluctuation due to achievement of the underlying market-based target. The Company did not grant PRSUs prior to 2020.
PRSU activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was as follows:
Number of
PRSUs Outstanding
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested balances at December 31, 2019 —    $ —   
Units granted 66,297    41.48   
Unvested balances at March 31, 2020 66,297    $ 41.48   
Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted share activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was as follows:
Number of
Restricted Shares
Outstanding
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested balances at December 31, 2019 371,217    $ 28.26   
Awards vested (29,502)   28.79   
Awards forfeited (23,670)   28.44   
Unvested balances at March 31, 2020 318,045    $ 28.20   
Stock Option Activity
Stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was as follows:
Number of
Options
Outstanding
Weighted–
Average
Exercise
Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 329,698    $ 8.57   
Options exercised (8,712)   6.13   
Options forfeited —    —   
Options expired (73)   1.79   
Outstanding at March 31, 2020 320,913    $ 8.64   
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10. Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition Policy
Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company's customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services over the term of the agreement, generally when made available to the customers. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenues are recognized net of sales credits and allowances. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
Revenue is recognized based on the following five step model in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers:
Identification of the contract with a customer
Identification of the performance obligations in the contract
Determination of the transaction price
Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation
Performance obligations under our contracts consist of subscription and support, perpetual licenses, and professional services revenues within a single operating segment.
Subscription and Support Revenues
The Company's software solutions are available for use as hosted application arrangements under subscription fee agreements without licensing perpetual rights to the software. Subscription fees from these applications are recognized over time on a ratable basis over the customer agreement term beginning on the date the Company's solution is made available to the customer. As our customers have access to use our solutions over the term of the contract agreement we believe this method of revenue recognition provides a faithful depiction of the transfer of services provided. Our subscription contracts are generally 1 to 3 years in length. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and deferred revenues or revenues, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Additional fees for monthly usage above the levels included in the standard subscription fee are recognized as revenue at the end of each month and is invoiced concurrently.
Perpetual License Revenues
The Company also records revenue from the sales of proprietary software products under perpetual licenses. Revenue from distinct on-premises licenses is recognized upfront at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer. The Company’s products do not require significant customization.
Professional Services Revenue
Professional services provided with subscription and support licenses and perpetual licenses consist of implementation fees, data extraction, configuration, and training. The Company’s implementation and configuration services do not involve significant customization of the software and are not considered essential to the functionality. Revenues from professional services are recognized over time as such services are performed. Revenues for fixed price services are generally recognized over time applying input methods to estimate progress to completion. Revenues for consumption-based services are generally recognized as the services are performed.
Messaging-related Revenue
The Company recognizes subscription revenue for its digital engagement application which provides short code connectivity for its two-way SMS programs and campaigns. The Company evaluates whether it is appropriate to recognize revenue based on the gross amount billed to its customers for these services.  Since the Company is primarily obligated in these transactions, has latitude in establishing prices associated with its messaging program management services, is responsible for fulfillment of the transaction, and has credit risk, revenue is recorded on a gross basis. While none of the factors individually are considered presumptive or determinative, in reaching conclusions on gross versus net revenue recognition, the Company places the most weight on the analysis of whether or not it is the primary obligor in the arrangement.
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Significant Judgments
Performance Obligations and Standalone Selling Price
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of accounting. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. The Company has contracts with customers that often include multiple performance obligations, usually including professional services sold with either individual or multiple subscriptions or perpetual licenses. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct by allocating the contract's total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the relative standalone selling price, or SSP, of each distinct good or service in the contract.
Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. A residual approach is only applied in limited circumstances when a particular performance obligation has highly variable and uncertain SSP and is bundled with other performance obligations that have observable SSP. A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. We determine the SSP based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of our contracts, historical standalone sales, customer demographics, geographic locations, and the number and types of users within our contracts.
Other Considerations
The Company evaluates whether it is the principal (i.e., report revenues on a gross basis) or agent (i.e., report revenues on a net basis) for vendor reseller agreements. Generally, the Company reports revenues from these types of contracts on a gross basis, meaning the amounts billed to customers are recorded as revenues, and expenses incurred are recorded as cost of revenues. Where the Company is the principal, it first obtains control of the inputs to the specific good or service and directs their use to create the combined output. The Company's control is evidenced by its involvement in the integration of the good or service on its platform before it is transferred to its customers, and is further supported by the Company being primarily responsible to its customers and having a level of discretion in establishing pricing. Revenues provided from agreements in which the Company is an agent are immaterial.
Deferred revenues primarily consist of amounts that have been billed to or received from customers in advance of revenue recognition and prepayments received from customers in advance for maintenance and other services, as well as initial subscription fees. We recognize deferred revenues as revenues when the services are performed, and the corresponding revenue recognition criteria are met. Customer prepayments are generally applied against invoices issued to customers when services are performed and billed. Our payment terms vary by the type and location of our customer and the products or services offered. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. For certain products our services and customer types, we require payment before the products or services are delivered to the customer.
Contract Balances
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections can result in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and deferred revenues. Billings scheduled to occur after the performance obligation has been satisfied and revenue recognition has occurred result in unbilled receivables, which are expected to be billed during the succeeding twelve-month period and are recorded in 'Unbilled receivables' in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. A contract liability results when we receive prepayments or deposits from customers in advance for implementation, maintenance and other services, as well as subscription fees. Customer prepayments are generally applied against invoices issued to customers when services are performed and billed. We recognize contract liabilities as revenues upon satisfaction of the underlying performance obligations. Contract liabilities that are expected to be recognized as revenues during the succeeding twelve-month period are recorded in 'Deferred revenue' and the remaining portion is recorded in 'Deferred revenue noncurrent' on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets at the end of each reporting period.
Unbilled Receivables
Unbilled receivables represent amounts for which the Company has recognized revenue, pursuant to its revenue recognition policy, for software licenses already delivered and professional services already performed, but billed in arrears and for which the Company believes it has an unconditional right to payment. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, unbilled receivables were $5.7 million and $5.1 million, respectively.
Deferred Commissions
Sales commissions earned by our sales force, and related payroll taxes, are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Deferred commissions and other costs for new customer contracts are capitalized upon
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contract signing and amortized over the expected life of the customer relationships, which has been determined to be approximately 6 years based on historical data and managements judgment in a pattern similar to how revenue is recognized. Commissions paid on renewal contracts are not commensurate with commissions paid on new customer contracts, as such, deferred commissions related to renewals are capitalized and amortized over the estimated contractual renewal term of 18 months. We utilized the 'portfolio approach' practical expedient permitted under ASC 606-10-10-4, which allows entities to apply the guidance to a portfolio of contracts with similar characteristics as the effects on the financial statements of this approach would not differ materially from applying the guidance to individual contracts. The portion of capitalized costs expected to be amortized during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded in current assets as deferred commissions, current, and the remainder is recorded in long-term assets as deferred commissions, net of current portion. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Deferred commissions are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate their carrying value may not be recoverable consistent with the Company's long-lived assets policy. No indicators of impairment were identified during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
The following table presents the activity impacting deferred commissions for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 11,822   
   Capitalized deferred commissions 2,144   
   Amortization of deferred commissions (894)  
Balance at March 31, 2020 $ 13,072   
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue represents either customer advance payments or billings for which the aforementioned revenue recognition criteria have not yet been met.
Deferred revenue is mainly unearned revenue related to subscription services and support services. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recognized $30.4 million and $1.6 million of subscription services and professional services revenue, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the period. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2020 we recognized $1.7 million in revenue that was included in the acquired deferred revenue balance of our 2020 acquisition as disclosed in Note 2. Acquisitions.
Remaining Performance Obligations
As of March 31, 2020, approximately $245.5 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately 67% of these remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the balance recognized thereafter.
Disaggregated Revenue
The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by geography and revenue generating activity, as it believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
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Revenue by geography is based on the ship-to address of the customer, which is intended to approximate where the customers' users are located. The ship-to country is generally the same as the billing country. The Company has operations primarily in the U.S., United Kingdom and Canada. Information about these operations is presented below (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Revenues:
Subscription and support:
   United States $ 45,971    $ 29,839   
   United Kingdom 9,996    9,316   
   Canada 4,582    2,384   
   Other International 3,342    3,444   
      Total subscription and support revenue 63,891    44,983   
Perpetual license:
   United States 282    568   
   United Kingdom 16     
   Canada 21    42   
   Other International 42    38   
      Total perpetual license revenue 361    657   
Professional services:
   United States 2,711    1,980   
   United Kingdom 814    491   
   Canada 138    120   
   Other International 117    262   
      Total professional service revenue 3,780    2,853   
Total revenue $ 68,032    $ 48,493   

12. Related Party Transactions
We are a party to two agreements with companies controlled by a non-management investor in the Company:
On March 28, 2017, the Company entered into an amendment to the Amended and Restated Technology Services Agreement with DevFactory FZ LLC ("DevFactory") to extend the initial term end date from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2021. Additionally, the Company amended the option for either party to renew annually for one additional year. The effective date of the amendment is January 1, 2017. DevFactory is an affiliate of ESW Capital LLC, which holds more than 5% of the Company's capital stock. The Company has an outstanding purchase commitment in 2020 for software development services pursuant to this agreement in the amount of $7.3 million. For years after 2020, the purchase commitment amount for software development services will be equal to the prior year purchase commitment increased (decreased) by the percentage change in total revenue for the prior year as compared to the preceding year. For example, if 2020 total revenues increase by 10% as compared to 2019 total revenues, then the 2021 purchase commitment will increase by approximately $0.8 million from the 2020 purchase commitment amount to approximately $8.1 million. The Company purchased software development services pursuant to this agreement with DevFactory of $1.9 million and $1.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 amounts included in accounts payable owed to this company totaled $1.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively.
The Company purchased services from Crossover, Inc. ("Crossover"), a company controlled by ESW Capital, LLC (a non-management investor) during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 of approximately $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Crossover provides a proprietary technology system to help the Company identify, screen, select, assign, and connect with necessary resources from time to time to perform technology software development and other services throughout the Company, and track productivity of such resources. While there are no purchase commitments with Crossover, the Company continues to use its services in 2020. As of
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March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 amounts included in accounts payable owed to this company totaled $0.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
The Company has an arrangement with a former subsidiary, Visionael Corporation ("Visionael"), to provide management, human resource, payroll and administrative services. John T. McDonald, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, beneficially holds an approximate 26.18% interest in Visionael. The Company received fees from this arrangement during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 totaling $15,000 and $15,000, respectively.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward Looking Statements
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed on March 2, 2020. In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “may,” “will,” “continue,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “hope,” “predict,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “expect” or the negative or plural of these words or similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:

our financial performance and our ability to achieve or sustain profitability or predict future results;
our plans regarding future acquisitions and our ability to consummate and integrate acquisitions;
our ability to obtain financing in the future on acceptable terms or at all;
our expectations with respect to revenue, cost of revenue and operating expenses in future periods;
our ability to attract and retain customers;
our ability to successfully enter new markets and manage our international expansion;
our ability to comply with privacy laws and regulations;
our ability to deliver high-quality customer service;
the growth of demand for enterprise work management applications;
our plans regarding, and our ability to effectively manage our growth;
maintaining our senior management team and key personnel;
our ability to maintain and expand our direct sales organization;
the performance of our resellers;
our ability to adapt to changing market conditions and competition;
our ability to adapt to technological change and continue to innovate;
the anticipated impact on our business of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures;
economic and financial conditions;
our ability to integrate our applications with other software applications;
maintaining and expanding our relationships with third parties;
costs associated with defending intellectual property infringement and other claims;
our ability to maintain, protect and enhance our brand and intellectual property;
our expectations with regard to trends, such as seasonality, which affect our business;
our expectations with regard to revenue from perpetual licenses and professional services;
our plans with respect to foreign currency exchange risk and inflation;
our beliefs regarding how our applications benefit customers and what our competitive strengths are; and
other risk factors included under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 2, 2020, as updated by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and periodically updated as necessary in our future quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and other filings that we make with the SEC.
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The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements, including risks and uncertainties detailed in this and our other reports and filings with the SEC. The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q represent our views as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments may cause our views to change. However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we have no current intention of doing so except to the extent required by applicable law. You should, therefore, not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Overview
We provide cloud-based enterprise work management software. We define enterprise work management software as software applications that enable organizations to plan, manage and execute projects and work. Our family of applications enables users to manage their projects, professional workforce and IT investments, automate document-intensive business processes, and effectively engage with their customers, prospects, and community via the web and mobile technologies.
The continued growth of an information-based economy has given rise to a large and growing group of knowledge workers who operate in dynamic work environments as part of geographically dispersed and virtual teams. We believe that manual processes and legacy on- premise enterprise systems are insufficient to address the needs of the modern work environment. In order for knowledge workers to be successful, they need to interact with intuitive enterprise work systems in a collaborative way, including real-time access. Today, legacy processes and systems are being disrupted and replaced by cloud-based enterprise work management software that improves visibility, collaboration and productivity.
In response to these changes, we are providing organizations and their knowledge workers with software applications that better align resources with business objectives and increase visibility, governance, collaboration, quality of customer experience, and responsiveness to changes in the business environment. This results in increased work capacity, higher productivity, better execution, and greater levels of customer engagement. Our applications are easy-to-use, scalable, and offer real-time collaboration for knowledge workers distributed on a local or global scale. Our software applications address diverse enterprise work challenges and our four cloud offerings are as follows:
Customer Experience Management Cloud. The Upland Customer Experience Management Cloud, or CXM Cloud, enables organizations to manage the complete customer lifecycle from awareness to acquisition to advocacy across multiple channels - including email, short message service, or SMS, multimedia messaging service, or MMS, web, social, and mobile apps.
Enterprise Sales and Marketing Cloud. The Upland Enterprise Sales and Marketing Cloud, or ESM Cloud, enables sales and marketing organizations to optimize sales activities, digital content production, automate key proposal and reference processes, and track key metrics to more effectively and predictably drive revenue retention and growth.
Project and IT Management Cloud. The Upland Project and IT Management Cloud, or PITM Cloud, enables professional services and information technology (“IT”) organizations to better manage services delivery, project portfolios, enterprise knowledge sharing and spending across projects and IT/telecom infrastructure.
Document Workflow Cloud. The Upland Document Workflow Cloud, or DW Cloud, enables enterprises to manage and automate document intensive business processes with data security through scan and fax platforms, data monitoring and breach prevention capabilities, and the automated routing of content to its final destination.
We sell our software applications primarily through a direct sales organization comprised of inside sales and field sales personnel. In addition to our direct sales organization, we have an indirect sales organization, which sells to distributors and value-added resellers. We employ a land-and-expand go-to-market strategy. After we demonstrate the value of an initial application to a customer, our sales and account management teams work to expand the adoption of that initial application across the customer, as well as cross-sell additional applications to address other enterprise work management needs of the customer. Our customer success organization supports our direct sales efforts by managing the post-sale customer lifecycle.
Our subscription agreements are typically sold either on a per-seat basis or on a minimum contracted volume basis with overage fees billed in arrears, depending on the application being sold. We service customers ranging from large global corporations and government agencies to small- and medium-sized businesses. We have more than 9,000 customers with over 1,000,000 users across a broad range of industries, including financial services, retail, technology, manufacturing, legal, education, consumer goods, media, telecommunications, government, non-profit, food and beverage, healthcare and life sciences.
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Through a series of acquisitions and integrations, we have established a diverse family of software applications under the Upland brand and in the product solution categories listed above, each of which addresses a specific enterprise work management need. Our revenue has grown from $22.8 million in 2012 to $222.6 million in 2019 (and to $68.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020), representing an approximate 878% growth rate between 2012 and 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 foreign revenue as a percent of total revenue decreased to 28% compared to 30% during the year ended December 31, 2019. See Note 10. Revenue Recognition in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our revenue as it relates to domestic and foreign operations.
In the fourth quarter of 2019, in connection with the periodic review of its business and in light of Upland’s new go-to-market strategy that is centered on thematic solution suites of related products, Upland has determined to divest of and/or sunset certain minor non-strategic customer contracts and related website management and analytics assets (collectively referred to as “Sunset Assets”). Refer to Note 2. Acquisitions and Note 4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets in our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
To support continued growth, we intend to pursue acquisitions within our core enterprise solution suites of complementary technologies and businesses. This will expand our product families, customer base, and market access resulting in increased benefits of scale. Consistent with our growth strategy, we have made twenty-six acquisitions from February 2012 through March 31, 2020.
COVID-19 Impact
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the U.S. and the world and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business limitations and shutdowns. We cannot predict the extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak will impact our business or operating results, which is highly dependent on inherently uncertain future developments, including the severity of COVID-19 and the actions taken by governments and private businesses in relation to COVID-19 containment. As our platform is offered as a subscription-based service, the effect of the outbreak may not be fully reflected in our operating results until future periods, if at all. As of the date of this report, we do not yet know the extent of the negative impact on our ability to attract, serve, retain or upsell customers. Furthermore, existing and potential customers may choose to reduce or delay technology spending in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, or attempt to renegotiate contracts and obtain concessions, which may materially and negatively impact our operating results, financial condition and prospects.
As a result of the pandemic, Upland has taken certain measures to support the health and well-being of our employees, customers, partners and communities during this time of uncertainty. Prior to the wide-spread implementation of stay-at-home measures last month, approximately 60 percent of our employee and contractor workforce was already remote. This enabled us to quickly convert the entire company to remote work status to ensure the safety of our employees, while still allowing us to continue serving our customers without disruption. In addition, while we typically host virtual user conferences for our customers, we do not anticipate hosting any in person user group meetings until Fall of 2020.
As approximately 94% of our revenue is associated with recurring revenue with minimal organic growth assumptions the disruptions related to the pandemic did not have a material adverse impact on our financial results for the first quarter of fiscal 2020. While we have limited exposure to the industry verticals that have been hardest hit by the pandemic (including the travel, transportation, entertainment and retail industries) we currently expect a moderate reduction in projected revenue for fiscal 2020 as a result of the pandemic. We expect that current cash and cash equivalent balances and cash flows generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our domestic and international working capital needs for at least the next 12 months. We anticipate a slowdown in the pace of our acquisition activities in the second and third quarters of 2020 while we continue to gauge the overall economic impact of the pandemic and related containment measures.
Key Metrics
In addition to the GAAP financial measures described below in “Components of Operating Results,” we regularly review the following key metrics to evaluate and identify trends in our business, measure our performance, prepare financial projections and make strategic decisions.
Adjusted EBITDA
We monitor our Adjusted EBITDA to help us evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of our operations. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss), calculated in accordance with GAAP, plus depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense, net, other expense (income), net, provision for income taxes, stock-based compensation expense, acquisition-related expenses, and purchase accounting adjustments for deferred revenue.
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The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss from continuing operations, the most comparable GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
(dollars in thousands)
Reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net loss $ (20,081)   $ (7,830)  
Add:
Depreciation and amortization expense 11,737    7,387   
Interest expense, net 7,643    5,116   
Other expense (income), net 1,402    761   
Benefit from income taxes (4,287)   (612)  
Stock-based compensation expense 9,320    4,628   
Acquisition-related expense 15,158    7,723   
Purchase accounting deferred revenue discount 3,701    597   
Adjusted EBITDA $ 24,593    $ 17,770   
We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to management, investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results for the following reasons:
Adjusted EBITDA is widely used by investors and securities analysts to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items that can vary substantially from company to company depending upon their financing, capital structures and the method by which assets were acquired;
our management uses Adjusted EBITDA in conjunction with GAAP financial measures for planning purposes, in the preparation of our annual operating budget, as a measure of our operating performance, to assess the effectiveness of our business strategies and to communicate with our board of directors concerning our financial performance because Adjusted EBITDA eliminates the impact of items that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance;
Adjusted EBITDA provides more consistency and comparability with our past financial performance, facilitates period-to-period comparisons of our operations and also facilitates comparisons with other companies, many of which use similar non-GAAP financial measures to supplement their GAAP results.
Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net loss or any other measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. The use of Adjusted EBITDA as an analytical tool has limitations such as:
depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, and the assets being depreciated or amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash requirements for such replacements; however, much of the depreciation and amortization currently reflected relates to amortization of acquired intangible assets as a result of business combination purchase accounting adjustments, which will not need to be replaced in the future;
Adjusted EBITDA may not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs or contractual commitments;
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the potentially dilutive impact of stock-based compensation;
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect interest or tax payments that could reduce cash available for use; and,
other companies, including companies in our industry, might calculate Adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces their usefulness as comparative measures.
Because of these limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA together with other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net loss and our other GAAP results.
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Results of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data
The following tables set forth our results of operations for the specified periods, as well as our results of operations for the specified periods as a percentage of revenue. The period-to-period comparisons of results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results for future periods.
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
Amount Percent of Revenue Amount Percent of Revenue
(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Revenue:
Subscription and support $ 63,891    94  % $ 44,983    93  %
Perpetual license 361    % 657    %
Total product revenue 64,252    95  % 45,640    94  %
Professional services 3,780    % 2,853    %
Total revenue 68,032    100  % 48,493    100  %
Cost of revenue:
Subscription and support (1)(3)
19,939    29  % 13,274    27  %
Professional services (1)
2,262    % 1,514    %
Total cost of revenue 22,201    33  % 14,788    30  %
Gross profit 45,831    67  % 33,705    70  %
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing (1)
10,931    16  % 6,982    14  %
Research and development (1)
9,420    14  % 6,398    13  %
Refundable tax credits (302)   —  % (86)   —  %
General and administrative (1)(2)
16,676    25  % 9,994    21  %
Depreciation and amortization 9,271    14  % 5,259    11  %
Acquisition-related expenses 15,158    21  % 7,723    16  %
Total operating expenses 61,154    90  % 36,270    75  %
Loss from operations (15,323)   (23) % (2,565)   (5) %
Other Expense:
Interest expense, net (7,643)   (11) % (5,116)   (11) %
Other income (expense), net (1,402)   (2) % (761)   (1) %
Total other expense (9,045)   (13) % (5,877)   (12) %
Loss before provision for income taxes (24,368)   (36) % (8,442)   (17) %
Benefit from income taxes 4,287    % 612    %
Net loss    $ (20,081)   (30) % $ (7,830)   (16) %
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted $ (0.81)   $ (0.38)  
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted 24,906,932    20,442,626   
(1) Includes stock-based compensation detailed under Share-based Compensation in Note 10 — Stockholders' Equity.
(2) Includes General and administrative stock-based compensation of $7.8 million and $4.0 million for the three months March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. General and administrative expense excluding stock-based compensation as a percentage of total revenues was 13% and 12% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively.
(3) Includes depreciation and amortization of $2.5 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively.

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Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
Revenue
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue:
Subscription and support $ 63,891    $ 44,983    42  %
Perpetual license 361    657    (45) %
Total product revenue 64,252    45,640    41  %
Professional services 3,780    2,853    32  %
Total revenue $ 68,032    $ 48,493    40  %
Percentage of revenue:
Subscription and support 94  % 93  %
Perpetual license % %
Total product revenue 95  % 94  %
Professional services % %
Total revenue 100  % 100  %
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Total revenue was $68.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $48.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $19.5 million, or 40%. The acquisitions not fully in the comparative period contributed $18.2 million to the increase after the reduction of $3.7 million purchase accounting deferred revenue discount in the three months ended March 31, 2020. Total Revenue related to Sunset Assets declined by $0.9 million as a result of decreased sales and marketing focus on those Sunset Assets. Our organic business (the “Organic Business”) excludes acquisitions closed during or subsequent to the prior year comparable period and business operations divested and/or decided to sunset. Therefore, total revenue for our Organic Business increased by $2.2 million, or 5%.
Subscription and support revenue was $63.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $45.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $18.9 million, or 42%. The acquisitions not fully in the comparative period contributed $17.2 million to the increase in subscription and support revenue after the reduction of $3.7 million purchase accounting deferred revenue discount in the three months ended March 31, 2020. Subscription and support revenue related to our Sunset Assets decreased $0.9 million as a result of decreased sales and marketing focus on those Sunset Assets Therefore, subscription and support revenue for our Organic Business increased by $2.6 million, or 6%.
Perpetual license revenue was $0.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $0.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of $0.3 million, or 45%. The acquisitions not fully in the comparative period contributed no perpetual license revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2020. Therefore, perpetual license revenue for our Organic Business decreased by $0.3 million, or 45%.
Professional services revenue was $3.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $2.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $0.9 million, or 32%. The acquisitions not fully in the comparative period contributed $1.0 million to the increase in professional services revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2020. Therefore, professional services revenue for our Organic Business decreased by $0.1 million, or 4%.
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Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit Percentage
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue:
Subscription and support (1)
$ 19,939    $ 13,274    50  %
Professional services 2,262    1,514    49  %
Total cost of revenue 22,201    14,788    50  %
Gross profit $ 45,831    $ 33,705    36  %
Percentage of total revenue:
Subscription and support (1)
29  % 27  %
Professional services % %
Total cost of revenue 33  % 30  %
Gross profit 67  % 70  %
(1) Includes depreciation, amortization and stock compensation expense as follows:
Depreciation $ 71    $ 281   
Amortization $ 2,395    $ 1,847   
Stock Compensation $ 318    $ 160   
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Cost of subscription and support revenue was $19.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $13.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $6.6 million, or 50%. The acquisitions not fully in the comparative period contributed $4.9 million to the increase to cost of subscription and support revenue, primarily related to costs associated with the delivery of the Postup, Localytics, and InGenius products and hosting and infrastructure costs of the acquisitions not fully in the comparative period. Cost of subscription and support revenue related to our Sunset Assets decreased by $0.2 million primarily due to reductions in hosting and infrastructure costs. Therefore, cost of subscription and support revenue for our Organic Business increased by $1.9 million, primarily related to an increase in messaging costs related to our CXM Cloud.
Cost of professional services revenue was $2.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $1.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $0.8 million, or 49%. The acquisitions not fully in the comparative period contributed $0.8 million to the increase to cost of professional services revenue, primarily related to an increase in personnel and related costs in the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Operating Expenses
Sales and Marketing Expense
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing (1)
$ 10,931    $ 6,982    57  %
Percentage of total revenue 16  % 14  %
(1) Includes stock compensation expense as follows:
Stock Compensation $ 549    $ 139   
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Sales and marketing expense was $10.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $7.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $3.9 million, or 57%. The acquisitions not fully in the comparative period contributed $3.9 million to the increase in sales and marketing expense, primarily consisting of personnel and related costs in the three months ended March 31, 2020. Sales and marketing expense related to our Sunset Assets decreased by $0.2 million primarily due to reductions in personnel costs. Therefore, sales and marketing expense for our Organic Business increased by $0.2 million, primarily related to personnel and related costs.
Research and Development Expense
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Research and development (1)
$ 9,420    $ 6,398    47  %
Refundable tax credits    (302)   (86)   251  %
Total research and development $ 9,118    $ 6,312    44  %
Percentage of total revenue:
Research and development    14  % 13  %
Refundable tax credits —  % —  %
Total research and development    14  % 13  %
(1) Includes stock compensation expense as follows:
Stock Compensation $ 615    $ 322   
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Research and development expense was $9.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $6.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $3.0 million, or 47%. The acquisitions not fully in the comparative period contributed $2.6 million to the increase in research and development expense primarily consisting of personnel and related costs in the three months ended March 31, 2020. Therefore, research and development costs for our Organic Business increased by $0.4 million primarily related to an increase in non-cash stock compensation expense.
Refundable tax credits were $0.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $0.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019.
General and Administrative Expense
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change
(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative (1)
$ 16,676    $ 9,994    67  %
Percentage of total revenue 25  % 21  %
(1) Includes stock compensation expense as follows:
Stock Compensation $ 7,838    $ 4,007   
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
General and administrative expense was $16.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $10.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $6.7 million, or 67%. An increase in general administrative expense of $1.1 million was due to the acquisitions not fully in the comparative period, which consisted primarily of personnel and related costs and administrative expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2020. Therefore, general and administrative expense for our Organic Business increased by $5.6 million, which was driven primarily by non-cash stock compensation expense and personnel related expenses.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Depreciation and amortization:
    Depreciation $ 461    $ 269    71  %
    Amortization 8,810    4,990    77  %
Total depreciation and amortization $ 9,271    $ 5,259    76  %
Percentage of total revenue:
    Depreciation % %
    Amortization 13  % 10  %
Total depreciation and amortization 14  % 11  %
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Depreciation and amortization expense was $9.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $5.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase of $4.0 million, or 76%. The acquisitions not fully in the comparative period increased depreciation and amortization expense by $3.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020. Therefore, depreciation and amortization expense for our Organic Business increased by $0.1 million in the comparative periods.
Acquisition-related Expenses
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Acquisition-related expenses $ 15,158    $ 7,723    96  %
Percentage of total revenue 21  % 16  %
Acquisition-related expenses are one-time expenses typically incurred for up to four quarters after each acquisition, with the majority of these costs being incurred within 6 to 9 months, to transform the acquired business into the Company's unified operating platform. These expenses can vary based on the size, timing and location of each acquisition. These acquisition-related expenses include transaction related expenses such as banker fees, legal and professional fees, insurance costs, and deal bonuses. These acquisition-related expenses also include transformational expenses such as severance, compensation for transitional personnel, office lease terminations, and vendor cancellations. If the Company ceased acquisition activity today, acquisition-related expenses would reduce in sequential subsequent quarters and within a year these acquisition-related expenses would no longer be incurred.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Acquisition-related expense was $15.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $7.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019,an increase of $7.5 million, or 96%. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 transaction related expenses were $3.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and transformational expenses were $11.9 million and $7.3 million, respectively.
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Acquisition-related expenses incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased primarily as a result of the increased number of acquisitions, one acquisition closed in the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to no acquisitions closed during the same period in 2019. In addition, acquisition related expense during the three months ended March 31, 2020 includes approximately $2.5 million of accelerated rent expense incurred in conjunction with the closures of the Localytics, Kapost and Altify offices as we continue to consolidate and integrate these acquisitions.
Other Income (Expense)
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Other expense:
Interest expense, net $ (7,643)   $ (5,116)   49  %
Other income (expense), net (1,402)   (761)   84  %
Total other expense $ (9,045)   $ (5,877)   54  %
Percentage of total revenue:
Interest expense, net (11) % (11) %
Other income (expense), net (2) % (1) %
Total other expense (13) % (12) %
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Interest expense was $7.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $5.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, an increase in interest expense of $2.5 million, or 49%. The increase is attributable to increased borrowing under our new credit facility used to fund our acquisitions. See the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section herein for further discussion regarding our new credit facility.
Other expense was $1.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to other expense of $0.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019. Other expense recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2020 was due primarily to a foreign currency exchange losses related primarily to our UK entities.
Benefit from Income Taxes 
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019 % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Benefit from income taxes $ 4,287    $ 612    600  %
Percentage of total revenue % %
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Benefit from income taxes was $4.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to a benefit from income taxes of $0.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of $3.7 million. The change in provision was due primarily to the deferred tax benefit attributable to the release of valuation allowance.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
To date, we have financed our operations primarily through the raising of capital including sales of our common stock, cash from operating activities, borrowing under our credit facility, and the issuance of notes to sellers in some of our acquisitions. We believe that current cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operating activities, availability under our existing credit facility, as discussed below, and the ability to offer and sell securities pursuant to our registration statement, as discussed below, will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months. In addition, we intend to utilize the sources of capital available to us under our Credit Facility and registration statement to support our continued growth via acquisitions within our core enterprise solution suites of complementary technologies and businesses.
As of March 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $98.7 million, $60.0 million of available borrowings under our credit facility, as discussed below, and $537.3 million of borrowings outstanding under our credit facility. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $175.0 million, $60.0 million of available borrowings under our Credit Facility, and $538.7 million of borrowings outstanding under our previous credit facility. Our cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries was $23.3 million as of March 31, 2020. If these funds held by our foreign subsidiaries are needed for our domestic operations, a repatriation of these funds would require us to accrue and pay dividend withholding taxes in the foreign jurisdictions where applicable and accrue and pay U.S. taxes to the extent such dividend income exceeds our ability to utilize net operating losses. However, our intent is to permanently reinvest these funds outside the U.S. and our current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate them to fund our domestic operations. We do not provide for federal income taxes on the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries.
As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had a working capital surplus of $35.6 million and deficit of $109.5 million, respectively, which included $87.8 million and $76.6 million of deferred revenue recorded as a current liability as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. This deferred revenue will be recognized as revenue in future periods in accordance with our revenue recognition policy.
Credit Facility
On August 6, 2019, we entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Facility”) which provides for (i) a fully-drawn $350 million, 7 year, senior secured term loan B facility (the “Term Loan”) and (ii) a $60 million, 5 year, revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) that was fully available as of March 31, 2020. The Credit Facility replaced our previous credit facility. All outstanding balances under our previous credit facility were paid off using proceeds from our current Credit Facility.
On November 26, 2019, the Company entered into a First Incremental Assumption Agreement (the “Incremental Assumption Agreement”) which provides for a term loan facility to be established under the Credit Agreement in an aggregate principal amount of $190 million (the “2019 Incremental Term Loan”) which is in addition to the existing $350 million term loans outstanding under the Credit Facility and the $60 million Revolver under the Credit Facility.
The Credit Facility has no financial covenants as long as less than 35% of the Revolver is drawn as of the last day of any fiscal quarter. The credit facility is secured by a security interest in substantially all of our assets and requires us to maintain certain financial covenants. The Credit Facility contains certain non-financial restrictive covenants that limit our ability to transfer or dispose of assets, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, pay dividends, incur additional indebtedness and liens, effect changes in management and enter into new businesses. As of March 31, 2020 we were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility. See Note 6. Debt for more information regarding our Credit Facility and outstanding debt as of March 31, 2020.
Registration Statement
On December 12, 2018, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-228767) (the “S-3”), to register Upland securities in an aggregate amount of up to $250.0 million for offerings from time to time. In connection with the filing of the S-3 the Company withdrew its previous registration statement filed on May 12, 2017 which registered Upland securities in an aggregate amount of up to $75.0 million of which $29.0 million in aggregate offering price remained available for issuance at the time of withdrawal.
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On May 13, 2019, we completed a registered underwritten public offering pursuant to the S-3 of 3,795,000 shares of the Company's $0.0001 par value common stock for an offering price to the public of $42.00 per share. This included the 495,000 shares issuable pursuant to a fully exercised option to purchase additional shares granted to the underwriters of the offering. The net proceeds of the offering of $151.1 million, net of issuance costs of $8.3 million, will be used for general business purposes, including the funding of future acquisitions. As of March 31, 2020 an aggregate amount of up to $90.6 million of Upland securities remain available for issuance under the S-3.
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2020 2019
(dollars in thousands)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow Data:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ (5,309)   $ 4,877   
Net cash used in investing activities (68,148)   (3,172)  
Net cash used in financing activities (3,204)   (4,800)  
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash 325    379   
Change in cash and cash equivalents (76,336)   (2,716)  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 175,024    16,738   
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 98,688    $ 14,022   
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash used in operating activities is significantly influenced by the amount of cash we invest in personnel and infrastructure to support the anticipated growth of our business. Included in net cash provided by operating activities are one-time acquisition related expenses incurred for up to four quarters after each acquisition to transform the acquired business into the Company's unified operating platform. Additionally, operating cash flows includes the impact of earn-outs payments in excess of original purchase accounting estimates. Our operating assets and liabilities consist primarily of cash, receivables from customers, prepaid assets, unbilled professional services, deferred commissions, accounts payable, accrued compensation and other accrued expenses, acquisition related earnout and holdback liabilities, lease liabilities and deferred revenues. The volume of professional services rendered and the related timing of collections on those bookings, as well as payments of our accounts payable, accrued payroll and related benefits, affect these account balances.
Our cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 primarily reflects our net loss of $20.1 million, which includes $15.2 million of acquisition-related expenses, and includes non-cash items comprised of $11.7 million of depreciation and amortization expense, $9.3 million of non-cash stock compensation expense, $0.9 million of amortization of deferred commissions, and $0.6 million of non-cash interest and other expense, and $0.6 million of foreign currency re-measurement losses which were partially offset by $4.3 million of deferred income taxes, Working capital sources of cash included a $9.9 million increase in deferred revenue which was related primarily to timing of collections on annual billings related to recent acquisitions. Working capital uses of cash included a $2.8 million increase in prepaids and other related primarily to payments of annual software/hosting fees, a $1.7 million increase in accounts receivable, a $3.4 million decrease in accounts payable, and a $5.9 million decrease in accrued expenses, which is attributable primarily to the payment of the Company’s annual bonus during the current quarter.
A substantial source of cash is invoicing for subscriptions and support fees in advance, which is recorded as deferred revenue, and is included on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as a liability. Deferred revenue consists of the unearned portion of booked fees for our software subscriptions and support, which is amortized into revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition policy. We assess our liquidity, in part, through an analysis of new subscriptions invoiced, expected cash receipts on new and existing subscriptions, and our ongoing operating expense requirements.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Our primary investing activities have consisted of acquisitions of complementary technologies, products and businesses. As our business grows, we expect our primary investing activities to continue to further expand our family of software applications and infrastructure and support additional personnel.
For the three months ended March 31, 2020, cash used in investing activities consisted of $67.7 million associated with the acquisition of Localytics which closed during the three months ended March 31, 2020, the purchases of property and equipment of $0.3 million, and the purchase of customer relationships of $0.2 million.
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Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to support research and development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the introduction of new and enhanced applications and professional service offerings, and acquisitions of complementary technologies, products and businesses.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Our primary financing activities have consisted of capital raised to fund our operations, proceeds from debt obligations incurred to finance our operations, repayments of our debt obligations and share based payment activity.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we made payments on our notes payable balance of $1.4 million, paid $1.0 million in additional consideration to sellers of acquired businesses related to earnout payments, paid $0.8 million in taxes related to net share settlements of restricted stock vesting events, and made principal payments of $0.1 million on finance leases.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
There have been no material changes to the contractual obligations table included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on March 2, 2020.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special-purpose entities, that would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.
Critical Accounting Policies and the Use of Estimates
We prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements also requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates.
The following critical accounting policies reflect significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements:
• revenue recognition and deferred revenue;
• stock-based compensation;
• deferred sales commissions and sales commission expense;
• income taxes; and
• business combinations and the recoverability of goodwill and long-lived assets.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. We are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require updates to our estimates or judgments or require us to revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of May 8, 2020, the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Other Key Accounting Policies
Our unaudited interim financial statements and other financial information for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as presented herein and in Item 1 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, reflects no material changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates as set forth in our Annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on March 9, 2020. Please refer to this Annual Report for a detailed description of our critical accounting policies that involve significant management judgment.
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We evaluate our estimates, judgments and assumptions on an ongoing basis, and while we believe that our estimates, judgments and assumptions are reasonable, they are based upon information available at the time. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments or conditions.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For information with respect to recent accounting pronouncements and the impact of these pronouncements on our condensed consolidated financial statements, refer to Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include interest rate, foreign exchange and inflation risks, as well as risks relating to changes in the general economic conditions in the countries where we conduct business. The statement of operations impact is mitigated by having an offsetting liability in deferred revenue to partially or completely offset against the outstanding receivable if an account should become uncollectible. Our cash balances are kept in customary operating accounts, a portion of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and uninsured money market accounts. The majority of our cash balances in money market accounts are with Wells Fargo, our lender under our Credit Facility. To date, we have not used derivative instruments to mitigate the impact of our market risk exposures. We also have not used, nor do we intend to use, derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates primarily relates to our cash equivalents and any variable rate indebtedness. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. This objective is accomplished currently by making diversified investments, consisting only of money market mutual funds and certificates of deposit. In conjunction with our new $350 million, 7 year, term loan, and subsequent entry into an additional $190 million in incremental term loans under the Credit Facility, we entered into interest rate hedge instruments for the full 7 year term, effectively fixing our interest rate at 5.4%. However, the interest rate associated with our new $60 million, 5 year, revolving credit facility remains floating. As of March 31, 2020, we had a principal balance of $537.3 under our Credit Agreement. As there was no debt outstanding under our revolving credit facility as of March 31, 2020, a hypothetical change of 100 basis points would result in a maximum potential change to interest expense of $0.0 million annually.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which expose us to foreign exchange rate risk. In addition, we incur a portion of our operating expenses in foreign currencies, including Canadian dollars, British pounds and Euros, and in the future as we expand into other foreign countries, we expect to incur operating expenses in other foreign currencies. In addition, our customers are generally invoiced in the currency of the country in which they are located. We are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as the financial results of our international operations are translated from the local functional currency into U.S. dollars upon consolidation. A decline in the U.S. dollar relative to foreign functional currencies would increase our non-U.S. revenue and improve our operating results. Conversely, if the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to foreign functional currencies, our revenue and operating results would be adversely affected. The effect of a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates applicable to our business would have resulted in a change in revenue of $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. To date, we have not engaged in any hedging strategies. As our international operations grow, we will continue to reassess our approach to manage our risk relating to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
The non-financial assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into United States dollars using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The related translation adjustments are recorded in a separate component of stockholders' equity in accumulated other comprehensive loss. In addition, we have a foreign currency denominated intercompany loans that were used to fund the acquisition of a foreign subsidiaries during the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Due to the long-term nature of these loans, the foreign currency gains (losses) resulting from remeasurement are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Inflation
We do not believe that inflation had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations in the last three fiscal years. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act refers to controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to a company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2020, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of such date as a result of the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to our annual accounting for income taxes as described in Part II, Item 9A, "Controls and Procedures", of our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Notwithstanding the material weakness discussed above, our management has concluded that the consolidated financial statements included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows (including supplemental disclosures of cash flow information related to cash paid for taxes) for the periods presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Status of Remediation Plan
Our management has begun implementing a remediation plan to address the operating effectiveness control deficiencies that led to the material weakness described above. Management’s plan of remediation includes adding additional resources to the Company’s tax and accounting teams and streamlining certain internal processes and systems, which management believes will improve the Company’s annual income tax review process and accelerate the Company’s accounting close process. We believe the remediation will be complete prior to the performance of these annual controls for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a- 15(f) and 15d- 15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting can also be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, the risk.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. With the exception of the risk factor included below, there have been no material changes during 2020 to the risk factors that were included in the Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2020.
Risks Related to Our Business
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the U.S. and the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in travel restrictions prohibitions of non-essential activities, disruption and shutdown of businesses and greater uncertainty in global financial markets.
We cannot predict the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our business or operating results, which is highly dependent on inherently uncertain future developments, including the severity of COVID-19 and the actions taken by governments and private businesses in relation to COVID-19 containment. As our platform is offered as a subscription-based service, the effect of the outbreak may not be fully reflected in our operating results until future periods, if at all. As of the date of this report, we do not yet know the extent of the negative impact on our ability to attract, serve, retain or upsell customers. Furthermore, existing and potential customers may choose to reduce or delay technology spending in response to the coronavirus outbreak, or attempt to renegotiate contracts and obtain concessions, which may materially and negatively impact our operating results, financial condition and prospects.
Item 6. Exhibits
See the Exhibit Index immediately following this page, which is incorporated herein by reference.
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number Exhibit Description
101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104* Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101)

*      Filed herewith.

**    Furnished herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.  
UPLAND SOFTWARE, INC.
Dated: May 8, 2020
/s/ Michael D. Hill
Michael D. Hill
Chief Financial Officer

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