SNOA Sonoma Pharmaceuticals Inc

Proposal No. 1 Reverse Stock Split

To approve an amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and to authorize the Company’s Board of Directors, if in their judgment it is necessary, to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s outstanding common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, at a whole number ratio in the range of 1-for-6 to 1-for-9, such ratio to be determined in the sole discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors.

General

Our Board of Directors has unanimously adopted a resolution approving, declaring advisable and recommending to the stockholders to approve an amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and to authorize our Board of Directors, if in their judgment it is necessary, to effect a reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, at any whole number ratio not less than 1-for-6 (every six shares would be combined into one) and not greater than 1-for-9 (every nine shares would be combined into one), with the exact ratio to be set within such range in the discretion of our Board of Directors, or the Reverse Stock Split. The principal effect of the Reverse Stock Split will be to decrease the number of our outstanding shares of common stock, such split to combine a number of outstanding shares of our common stock between six and nine, such number consisting of only whole shares, into one share of common stock based on the Reverse Stock Split ratio selected by our Board of Directors.

Approval of this proposal will grant the Board the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to carry out the amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, after the date stockholder approval for the amendment is obtained but before the anniversary of the shareholder approval of the Reverse Stock Split, May 30, 2020, with the exact timing and Reverse Stock Split ratio within such timeframe to be determined in the sole discretion of the Board and within the range approved by our stockholders. If the Reverse Stock Split is not effectuated before the anniversary of the shareholder approval of the Reverse Stock Split, May 30, 2020, the Reverse Stock Split cannot be effectuated unless again approved by our stockholders. Upon such action of the Board, the Reverse Stock Split will become effective upon the filing of an amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, or the Certificate of Amendment, whereby each share of common stock outstanding at the effective time of the Reverse Stock Split, will, without any action on the part of the holder thereof, become equal to no less than one-sixth of a share of our common stock and no greater than one-ninth of a share of our common stock.

The Board of Directors reserves the right, even after stockholder approval, to abandon or postpone the filing of the Certificate of Amendment if the Board of Directors determines that the action is not in the best interests of the Company and our stockholders. If the amendment effecting the Reverse Stock Split proposal subsequently approved by the stockholders is not implemented by the Board of Directors before the anniversary of the shareholder approval of the Reverse Stock Split, May 30, 2020, the proposal will be deemed abandoned, without any further effect. In that case, the Board of Directors may again seek stockholder approval at a future date for a reverse stock split if it deems a reverse stock split to be advisable at that time.

The amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to effect the Reverse Stock Split will not change the terms of our common stock. After the Reverse Stock Split, the par value of our common stock will remain unchanged at $0.0001 per share and shares of common stock will have the same voting rights and will be identical in all other respects to the common stock currently authorized. Our authorized common stock will not be proportionally decreased in conjunction with the Reverse Stock Split. Each stockholder’s percentage ownership of the new, post-split common stock will not be altered except for the effect of eliminating fractional shares. The common stock issued pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split will remain fully paid and non-assessable. The Reverse Stock Split is not intended as, and will not have the effect of, a “going private transaction” covered by Rule 13e−3 under the Exchange Act. Following the Reverse Stock Split, we will continue to have the same number of stockholders and we will still be subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.

Certain of our officers and directors have an interest in this Reverse Stock Split as a result of their ownership of shares of stock of the Company, as discussed in further detail in the section entitled “ Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners ” set forth below.

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Effective Date of Reverse Stock Split

The Reverse Stock Split will become effective upon the filing of the Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware which states that, upon the filing of the Certificate of Amendment, each share of common stock then issued and outstanding would automatically become and be converted into not less than one-sixth and not greater than one-ninth of a share of common stock, as determined in the sole discretion of our Board of Directors.

The exact date of the Reverse Stock Split will be determined by the Board in its sole discretion, unless the Board abandons the Reverse Stock Split in its sole discretion. If the Reverse Stock Split is not effectuated before the anniversary of the shareholder approval of the Reverse Stock Split, May 30, 2020, the Reverse Stock Split cannot be effectuated unless again approved by the stockholders.

The text of the form of the Certificate of Amendment relating to this proposal, which we would file with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the Authorized Share Increase, is attached to this Proxy Statement as Appendix B.

Background and Reasons for the Reverse Stock Split

The Board recommends the Reverse Stock Split for the following reasons:

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SNOA.” We believe our listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market supports and maintains the liquidity of our common stock and company recognition for our stockholders.

In order for our common stock to continue to be quoted on The Nasdaq Capital Market, we must satisfy the continued listing requirements established by The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. Among other requirements, we are required to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for our common stock.

On January 4, 2019, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications staff from Nasdaq notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, we failed to comply with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), which requires us to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for our common stock. In accordance with Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), Nasdaq granted us a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until July 3, 2019, to regain compliance with the Listing Rule. If at any time during this 180-day period the closing bid price of our common stock is at least $1.00 for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, we will regain compliance with the Listing Rule and Nasdaq will close the matter.

The Board of Directors’ primary objective in proposing the Reverse Stock Split is to increase the per-share market price of our common stock in order to maintain our listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Effecting the Reverse Stock Split would reduce our total shares of common stock outstanding, which the Board believes will increase the price per share of our common stock and therefore, better enable us to maintain the listing of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market. However, the effect of the Reverse Stock Split on the market value of our common stock cannot be predicted with any certainty, and there can be no assurance that the market price per post-split share will either exceed or remain in excess of the $1.00 minimum bid price for a sustained period of time. The Reverse Stock Split itself does not affect our market value, and the market price of our common stock may also be based on other factors that are unrelated to the number of shares outstanding, including our future performance.

If we are unable to regain compliance with the Nasdaq Listing Rules, we may be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market. If we are delisted and cannot obtain listing or quotation on another major market or exchange, our stock’s liquidity would likely suffer, and we would likely experience reduced investor interest. Such factors may result in a decrease in our stock’s trading price. Delisting from The Nasdaq Capital Market also may restrict us from securing additional financing.

While our stock price could trade above the minimum bid price of $1.00 on its own accord without engaging in the Reverse Stock Split, our Board believes that it is in our best interests and in the interests of our stockholders to seek approval of the proposed amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to effect the Reverse Stock Split in order to increase the likelihood that we regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement before our stock is delisted from Nasdaq.

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Determination of Reverse Stock Split Ratio

The Board of Directors believes that stockholder approval of a range of potential exchange ratios (rather than a single exchange ratio) is in the best interests of our Company and stockholders because it provides the Board of Directors with the flexibility to achieve the desired results of the Reverse Stock Split and because it is not possible to predict market conditions at the time the Reverse Stock Split would be implemented. The ratio to be selected by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion will be a whole number ratio not less than 1-for-6 and not more than 1-for-9.

In determining the Reverse Stock Split ratio, the Board of Directors will consider, among other factors:

The purpose of asking for authorization to implement the Reverse Stock Split at a ratio to be determined by our Board of Directors, as opposed to a ratio fixed in advance, is to give the Board of Directors the flexibility to take into account then-current market conditions and changes in price of our common stock and to respond to other developments that may be deemed relevant when considering the appropriate ratio.

Material Effects of the Proposed Reverse Stock Split

The Board believes that the Reverse Stock Split will increase the per-share market price of common stock in order to, among other things, maintain our listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market and generate interest in our Company among investors. The Board cannot predict, however, the effect of the Reverse Stock Split upon the market price for our common stock, and the history of similar reverse stock splits for companies that have effected reverse stock splits is varied. The market price per share of our common stock after the Reverse Stock Split may not rise in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of common stock outstanding resulting from the Reverse Stock Split, which would reduce our market capitalization. The market price per post-split share may not remain in excess of the $1.00 minimum bid price as required by The Nasdaq Capital Market, or we may not otherwise meet the additional requirements for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. The market price of our common stock may also be based on our performance and other factors, the effect of which the Board cannot predict.

The Reverse Stock Split will affect all of our stockholders uniformly and will not affect any stockholder’s percentage ownership interests or proportionate voting power, except to the extent that the Reverse Stock Split results in any of the stockholders owning a fractional share. In lieu of issuing fractional shares, we will pay in cash the value of each fractional share.

The principal effects of the Reverse Stock Split will be that

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The Reverse Stock Split will not change the terms of our common stock. After the Reverse Stock Split, the par value of our common stock will remain unchanged at $0.0001 per share and shares of common stock will have the same voting rights and will be identical in all other respects to the common stock currently authorized. Our authorized common stock will not be proportionally decreased in conjunction with the Reverse Stock Split. Each stockholder’s percentage ownership of the new common stock will not be altered except for the effect of eliminating fractional shares. The common stock issued pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split will remain fully paid and non-assessable. The Reverse Stock Split is not intended as, and will not have the effect of, a “going private transaction” covered by Rule 13e−3 under the Exchange Act. Following the Reverse Stock Split, we will continue to have the same number of stockholders and we will still be subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.

The Reverse Stock Split would result in some stockholders owning “odd-lots” of less than 100 shares of our common stock. Brokerage commissions and other costs of transactions in odd-lots are generally higher than the costs of transactions in “round-lots” of even multiples of 100 shares.

Potential Advantages of the Reverse Stock Split

Maintain our Listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market . We believe the delisting of our common stock from The Nasdaq Capital Market would be undesirable for our stockholders and potentially detrimental to our business. If our common stock is delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market, our common stock would likely be quoted on the OTCQX, OTCQB or OTCBB tier of the OTC Markets. It is the Board’s opinion that these alternative markets have significantly lower trading volume and are much less efficient than The Nasdaq Capital Market. As a result, investors may find it more difficult to trade, or to obtain frequent quotations, as to the market value of our common stock. Trading on other markets can therefore negatively impact the liquidity and marketability of our common stock and our ability to obtain future financing on favorable terms.

We believe that a Reverse Stock Split would result in an increase in the price per share of our common stock, and thereby help us meet the minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for our common stock as required by the Nasdaq Listing Rules. While our stock price could trade above $1.00 on its own accord without engaging in the Reverse Stock Split, our Board believes that it is in our best interests and in the interests of our stockholders to seek approval of the proposed amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended to effect the Reverse Stock Split in order to increase the likelihood that we regain compliance prior to, and to avoid, delisting from Nasdaq. Even if our common stock’s closing bid price were to satisfy the minimum closing bid price requirements prior to approval of this proposal, we may still effect the Reverse Stock Split if our stockholders approve this proposal and our Board determines that effecting the Reverse Stock Split would be in the best interests of our Company and our stockholders.

Increase our Common Stock Price to a Level More Appealing for Investors . The Board believes an increase in the stock price of our common stock as a result of the Reverse Stock Split may enhance the appeal of our common stock to the financial community, including institutional investors and the general investing public, and improve our Company’s marketability, thus enhancing our liquidity. We believe that a number of institutional investors and investment funds are reluctant to invest in lower-priced securities and that brokerage firms may be reluctant to recommend lower-priced stock to their clients, which may be due in part to a perception that lower-priced securities are less promising as investments, are less liquid, or are less likely to be followed by institutional securities research firms. We believe that the anticipated increased stock price immediately following and resulting from the Reverse Stock Split may encourage further interest in our common stock.

Facilitate Potential Future Financings. By preserving our listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market, we can continue to consider and pursue future financing options to support our business that would not be likely be available to us if our common stock was not listed on a national exchange. We believe being listed on a national securities exchange, such as The Nasdaq Capital Market, is valued highly by many long-term and institutional investors. A listing on a national securities exchange also has the potential to create better liquidity and reduce volatility for buying and selling shares of our stock, which benefits our current and future stockholders.

Potential Disadvantages of the Reverse Stock Split

The Reverse Stock Split May Not Increase our Stock Price over the Long-Term . As noted above, the principal purpose of the Reverse Stock Split is to increase the per-share market price of our common stock above the $1.00 per share minimum bid price requirement under the Nasdaq Listing Rules. We cannot assure you, however, that the Reverse Stock Split will accomplish this objective for any meaningful period of time. While we expect that the reduction in the number of outstanding shares of common stock will proportionally increase the market price of our common stock, we cannot assure you that the Reverse Stock Split will increase the market price of our common stock by a multiple of the Reverse Stock Split ratio chosen by our Board of Directors in its sole discretion, or result in any permanent or sustained increase in the market price of our stock, which is dependent upon many factors, including our business and financial performance, general market conditions, and prospects for future success. Thus, while our stock price might meet the continued listing requirements for The Nasdaq Capital Market initially, we cannot assure you that it will continue to do so.

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The Reverse Stock Split May Lead to a Decrease in our Overall Market Capitalization . Should the market price of our common stock decline after the Reverse Stock Split, the percentage decline may be greater, due to the smaller number of shares outstanding, than it would have been prior to the Reverse Stock Split. A reverse stock split is often viewed negatively by the market and, consequently, can lead to a decrease in our overall market capitalization. If the per share market price does not increase in proportion to the Reverse Stock Split ratio, then the value of our Company, as measured by our stock capitalization, will be reduced. In some cases, the per-share stock price of companies that have effected reverse stock splits subsequently declined back to pre-reverse split levels, and accordingly, we cannot assure you that the total market value of your shares will remain the same after the Reverse Stock Split is effected, or that the Reverse Stock Split will not have an adverse effect on our stock price due to the reduced number of shares outstanding after the Reverse Stock Split.

The Reverse Stock Split May Decrease the Liquidity of the Common Stock . Although the Board believes that the anticipated increase in the market price of our common stock could encourage interest in our common stock and possibly promote greater liquidity for our stockholders, such liquidity could also be adversely affected by the reduced number of shares outstanding after the Reverse Stock Split. Our outstanding shares will be reduced by a factor of 1-for-6 to 1-for-9, such ratio to be determined in the sole discretion of our Board of Directors, which may lead to reduced trading and a smaller number of market makers for our common stock.

Dilution to Existing Stockholders, in Case the Company Issues New Shares of Common Stock . Although the Reverse Stock Split will not in itself cause dilution to our existing stockholders, the number of authorized shares the Company will be authorized to issue will not be decreased proportionally. Thus, should the Company decide to issue new shares of common stock in the future to raise capital, existing stockholders’ ownership will be diluted.

Potential Consequences that the Reverse Stock Split Will Fail to Achieve the Desired Effects

Stockholders should note that the effect of the Reverse Stock Split upon the market price of our common stock cannot be accurately predicted. In particular, we cannot assure you of the per-share market price for shares of our common stock after the Reverse Stock Split. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock immediately after the proposed Reverse Stock Split will be maintained for any period of time. Even if an increased per-share price can be maintained, the Reverse Stock Split may not achieve the desired results that have been outlined above. Moreover, because some investors may view the Reverse Stock Split negatively, we cannot assure you that the Reverse Stock Split will not adversely impact the market price of our common stock or, alternatively, that the market price following the Reverse Stock Split will either exceed or remain in excess of the current market price. While we expect the Reverse Stock Split to be sufficient to prevent Nasdaq from delisting our common stock, it is possible that, even if the Reverse Stock Split results in a bid price for our common stock that exceeds the minimum requirement of $1.00 per share, we may not be able to continue to satisfy the additional criteria for continued listing of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market.

We would also need to satisfy additional criteria to continue to have our common stock eligible for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. These criteria require, in addition to the requirement of the minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for our common stock, require us to maintain:

We believe that we satisfy all of these other continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market as of the mailing date of this Proxy Statement. However, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in continuing to meet all requisite continued listing criteria.

We believe that the Reverse Stock Split may result in greater liquidity for our stockholders. However, it is also possible that such liquidity could be adversely affected by the reduced number of shares outstanding after the Reverse Stock Split.

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Procedure for Effecting the Reverse Stock Split and Exchange of Stock Certificates

If the Reverse Stock Split is approved by our stockholders, and if at such time the Board determines it is in the best interests of our Company and our stockholders to effect the Reverse Stock Split, the Board will determine the whole number ratio, within the range approved by our stockholders, of the Reverse Stock Split to be implemented. We will file the Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware at such time as the Board of Directors deems appropriate to effect the Reverse Stock Split. The Board of Directors may delay effecting the Reverse Stock Split without re-soliciting stockholder approval. The Reverse Stock Split would become effective at such time as the Certificate of Amendment is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. Upon the filing of the Certificate of Amendment, all of our existing common stock will be converted into new common stock as set forth in the amendment.

As soon as practicable after the effective date of the Reverse Stock Split, stockholders will be notified that the Reverse Stock Split has been effected. Computershare, our transfer agent, will act as exchange agent for purposes of implementing the exchange of stock certificates. Holders of pre-split shares will be asked to surrender to the exchange agent certificates representing pre-split shares in exchange for certificates representing post-split shares in accordance with the procedures to be set forth in a letter of transmittal that will be delivered to our stockholders. No new certificates will be issued to a stockholder until the stockholder has surrendered to the exchange agent his, her or its outstanding certificate(s) together with the properly completed and executed letter of transmittal. STOCKHOLDERS SHOULD NOT DESTROY ANY STOCK CERTIFICATES AND SHOULD NOT SUBMIT ANY CERTIFICATES UNTIL REQUESTED TO DO SO. Stockholders whose shares are held by their stockbroker do not need to submit old share certificates for exchange. These shares will automatically reflect the new quantity of shares based on the Reverse Stock Split ratio. Beginning on the effective date of the Reverse Stock Split, each certificate representing pre-split shares will be deemed for all corporate purposes to evidence ownership of post-split shares.

Fractional Shares

We will not issue fractional certificates for post-split shares in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. In lieu of issuing fractional shares, we will pay in cash the value of each fractional share.

Discretionary Authority of the Board to Abandon the Reverse Stock Split

If the proposed Reverse Stock Split is approved by our stockholders at the Special Meeting, our Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, at any time prior to the anniversary of the shareholder approval of the Reverse Stock Split, May 14, 2020, authorize a reverse stock split at a whole number ratio not less than 1-for-6 and not greater than 1-for-9, with the exact ratio to be set within such range in the discretion of our Board of Directors, and file the Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The Board reserves the right to abandon the Reverse Stock Split without further action by our stockholders at any time before the effectiveness of the Certificate of Amendment, even if the Reverse Stock Split has been authorized by our stockholders at the Special Meeting. By voting in favor of the Reverse Stock Split, you are expressly also authorizing our Board to determine not to proceed with, and abandon, the Reverse Stock Split if it should so decide.

Criteria to be Used for Decision to Apply the Reverse Stock Split

If the stockholders approve the Reverse Stock Split, the Board will be authorized to proceed with the Reverse Stock Split. In determining whether to proceed with the Reverse Stock Split, the Board will consider a number of factors, including market conditions, existing and expected trading prices of our common stock, the Nasdaq Capital Market listing requirements, our additional funding requirements, and the amount of our authorized but unissued common stock.

Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Reverse Stock Split

The following discussion describes the material United States Federal income tax consequences to “U.S. holders” (as defined below) of our common stock relating to the Reverse Stock Split. This discussion is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury Regulations, judicial authorities, published positions of the Internal Revenue Service and other applicable authorities, all as currently in effect and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations (possibly with retroactive effect). We have not obtained a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of legal or tax counsel with respect to the tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split. The following discussion is for informational purposes only and is not intended as tax or legal advice. Each holder should seek advice based on the holder’s particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor.

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For purposes of this discussion, the term “U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of our common stock that is for United States Federal income tax purposes:

This discussion assumes that a U.S. holder holds our common stock as a capital asset within the meaning of Code Section 1221. This discussion does not address all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to a particular stockholder of our Company or to stockholders of our Company that are subject to special treatment under United States Federal income tax laws including, but not limited to, banks, financial institutions, tax-exempt organizations, insurance companies, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, persons that are broker-dealers, traders in securities who elect the mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities, certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States, or stockholders holding their shares of our common stock as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” or other integrated transaction. This discussion also does not address the tax consequences to our Company, or to stockholders that own 5% or more of our common stock, are affiliates of our Company, or are not U.S. holders. In addition, this discussion does not address other United States Federal taxes (such as gift or estate taxes or alternative minimum taxes), the tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split under state, local, or foreign tax laws or certain tax reporting requirements that may be applicable with respect to the Reverse Stock Split. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences set forth below.

If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for United States Federal income tax purposes) is a Company stockholder, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership, or any equity owner of such other entity will generally depend upon the status of the person and the activities of the partnership or other entity treated as a partnership for United States Federal income tax purposes.

Tax Consequences of the Reverse Stock Split Generally

We believe that the Reverse Stock Split will qualify as a “reorganization” under Section 368(a)(1)(E) of the Code, with the following consequences:

A U.S. holder who receives cash in lieu of a fractional share of our common stock pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split should recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash received and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the shares of our common stock surrendered that is allocated to such fractional share of our common stock. Such capital gain or loss should be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder’s holding period for our common stock surrendered exceeded one year at the time the Reverse Stock Split becomes effective. The deductibility of net capital losses by individuals and corporations is subject to limitations.

U.S. Information Reporting and Backup Withholding . Information returns generally will be required to be filed with the Internal Revenue Service with respect to the receipt of cash in lieu of a fractional share of our common stock pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split in the case of certain U.S. holders. In addition, U.S. holders may be subject to a backup withholding tax (at the current applicable rate of 24%) on the payment of such cash if they do not provide their taxpayer identification numbers in the manner required or otherwise fail to comply with applicable backup withholding tax rules. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded or allowed as a credit against the U.S. holder’s federal income tax liability, if any, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

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No Dissenter’s Rights

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, stockholders will not be entitled to dissenter’s rights with respect to the proposed amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to effect the Reverse Stock Split, and we do not intend to independently provide stockholders with any such right.

Required Vote

The affirmative vote of the majority of the outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote is needed to approve this Proposal No. 1. A properly executed proxy marked “ABSTAIN” with respect to this proposal will not be voted, although it will be counted for purposes of determining the number of shares of common stock entitled to vote. Accordingly, an abstention will have the effect of a negative vote. Because Proposal No. 1 is a routine proposal on which a broker or other nominee is generally empowered to vote, broker “non-votes” likely will not result from this Proposal. Thus, if you are a beneficial owner holding shares through a broker, bank or other holder of record and you do not vote on this proposal, your broker may cast a vote on your behalf for this Proposal.

Voting Recommendation

Our Board of Directors unanimously recommends a vote “ FOR ” the proposal to approve an amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and to authorize our Board of Directors to effect a reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, at a whole number ratio in the range of 1-for-6 to 1-for-9, such ratio to be determined in the discretion of our Board of Directors, and to authorize our Board of Directors to file such amendment, if in their judgment it is necessary, that would effect the foregoing.

Forward Looking Statements Disclaimer

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on June 26, 2018 and available at www.sec.gov. The words “may,” “will,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “aim,” “seek,” “should,” “likely,” and similar expressions as they relate to us or our management are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. All statements by us regarding our expected financial position, revenues, cash flows and other operating results, business strategy and similar matters are forward-looking statements. Our expectations expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements may not turn out to be correct. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date as of which such statement is made, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances, including unanticipated events, after the date as of which such statement was made.