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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission File Number: 0-20853
ANSYS, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
04-3219960
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2600 ANSYS Drive,
Canonsburg,
PA
15317
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Zip Code)
844-462-6797
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share ANSS Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(Nasdaq Global Select Market)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes   ☒ No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes  ☒     No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes  ☐   No  ☒
The number of shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding as of April 30, 2021 was 87,151,573 shares.


ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX
   
Page No.
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
19
34
35
36
36
36
36
36
36
37
38

2
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.Financial Statements:

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data) March 31,
2021 		December 31,
2020
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 987,427  $ 912,672 
Short-term investments 516  479 
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $14,000 394,289  537,564 
Other receivables and current assets 278,720  268,522 
Total current assets 1,660,952  1,719,237 
Long-term assets:
Property and equipment, net 93,207  96,503 
Operating lease right-of-use assets 125,635  137,730 
Goodwill 3,036,783  3,038,306 
Other intangible assets, net 677,357  694,865 
Other long-term assets 201,675  225,119 
        Deferred income taxes 22,419  28,830 
Total long-term assets 4,157,076  4,221,353 
Total assets $ 5,818,028  $ 5,940,590 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 16,970  $ 18,691 
Accrued bonuses and commissions 24,911  112,491 
Accrued income taxes 6,260  26,116 
Current portion of long-term debt 4,688  — 
Other accrued expenses and liabilities 204,622  199,466 
Deferred revenue 366,596  372,061 
Total current liabilities 624,047  728,825 
Long-term liabilities:
Deferred income taxes 102,221  110,321 
Long-term operating lease liabilities 109,454  120,940 
Long-term debt 793,515  798,118 
Other long-term liabilities 76,822  84,514 
Total long-term liabilities 1,082,012  1,113,893 
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued or outstanding —  — 
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 95,266,320 shares issued 953  953 
Additional paid-in capital 1,346,601  1,434,203 
Retained earnings 3,876,991  3,804,593 
Treasury stock, at cost: 8,128,708 and 8,693,809 shares, respectively (1,075,537) (1,124,102)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (37,039) (17,775)
Total stockholders' equity 4,111,969  4,097,872 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 5,818,028  $ 5,940,590 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data) March 31,
2021 		March 31,
2020
Revenue:
Software licenses $ 132,604  $ 87,830 
Maintenance and service 230,622  217,155 
Total revenue 363,226  304,985 
Cost of sales:
Software licenses 7,606  4,926 
Amortization 14,949  9,552 
Maintenance and service 39,548  35,638 
Total cost of sales 62,103  50,116 
Gross profit 301,123  254,869 
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative 146,215  130,522 
Research and development 100,479  86,112 
Amortization 4,407  4,162 
Total operating expenses 251,101  220,796 
Operating income 50,022  34,073 
Interest income 517  2,775 
Interest expense (3,315) (3,651)
Other income, net 399  127 
Income before income tax benefit 47,623  33,324 
Income tax benefit (24,775) (12,740)
Net income $ 72,398  $ 46,064 
Earnings per share – basic:
Earnings per share $ 0.83  $ 0.54 
Weighted average shares 86,808  85,798 
Earnings per share – diluted:
Earnings per share $ 0.82  $ 0.53 
Weighted average shares 87,986  87,369 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
  Three Months Ended
(in thousands) March 31,
2021 		March 31,
2020
Net income $ 72,398  $ 46,064 
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments (19,264) (24,292)
Comprehensive income $ 53,134  $ 21,772 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
  Three Months Ended
(in thousands) March 31,
2021 		March 31,
2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 72,398  $ 46,064 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and intangible assets amortization 27,082  20,702 
Operating lease right-of-use assets expense 5,699  5,075 
Deferred income tax benefit (3,564) (5,442)
Provision for bad debts 18  3,116 
Stock-based compensation expense 35,119  30,941 
Other 975  1,553 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable 159,038  117,830 
Other receivables and current assets (12,071) 12,013 
Other long-term assets (1,909) (3,426)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and current liabilities (80,050) (99,112)
Accrued income taxes (20,954) 1,006 
Deferred revenue 1,204  4,784 
Other long-term liabilities (11,878) 12,308 
Net cash provided by operating activities 171,107  147,412 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (10,783) (2,348)
Capital expenditures (5,045) (6,987)
Other investing activities (35) (264)
Net cash used in investing activities (15,863) (9,599)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments on long-term debt —  (75,000)
Purchase of treasury stock —  (161,029)
Restricted stock withholding taxes paid in lieu of issued shares (86,049) (62,425)
Proceeds from shares issued for stock-based compensation 11,892  9,716 
Other financing activities (51) — 
Net cash used in financing activities (74,208) (288,738)
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents (6,281) (3,421)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 74,755  (154,346)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 912,672  872,094 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 987,427  $ 717,748 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid $ 20,641  $ 6,757 
Interest paid $ 2,956  $ 5,628 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.


6
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
  Common Stock Additional
Paid-In
Capital 		Retained
Earnings 		Treasury Stock Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss 		Total
Stockholders'
Equity
(in thousands) Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance, January 1, 2021 95,266 $ 953  $ 1,434,203  $ 3,804,593  8,694  $ (1,124,102) $ (17,775) $ 4,097,872 
Stock-based compensation activity (87,602) (565) 48,565  (39,037)
Other comprehensive loss (19,264) (19,264)
Net income 72,398  72,398 
Balance, March 31, 2021 95,266 $ 953  $ 1,346,601  $ 3,876,991  8,129 $ (1,075,537) $ (37,039) $ 4,111,969 
    
  Common Stock Additional
Paid-In
Capital 		Retained
Earnings 		Treasury Stock Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss 		Total
Stockholders'
Equity
(in thousands) Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance, January 1, 2020 94,628 $ 946  $ 1,188,939  $ 3,370,706  8,893  $ (1,041,831) $ (65,381) $ 3,453,379 
Treasury shares acquired 690  (161,029) (161,029)
Stock-based compensation activity (70,769) (541) 48,997  (21,772)
Other comprehensive loss (24,292) (24,292)
Net income 46,064  46,064 
Balance, March 31, 2020 94,628 $ 946  $ 1,118,170  $ 3,416,770  9,042 $ (1,153,863) $ (89,673) $ 3,292,350 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

7
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2021
(Unaudited)

1.Organization
ANSYS, Inc. (Ansys, we, us, our) develops and globally markets engineering simulation software and services widely used by engineers, designers, researchers and students across a broad spectrum of industries and academia, including aerospace and defense, automotive, electronics, semiconductors, energy, turbomachinery, consumer products, and healthcare.
As defined by the accounting guidance for segment reporting, we operate as one segment.
Given the integrated approach to the multi-discipline problem-solving needs of our customers, a single sale of software may contain components from multiple product areas and include combined technologies. We also have a multi-year product and integration strategy that will result in new, combined products or changes to the historical product offerings. As a result, it is impracticable for us to provide accurate historical or current reporting among our various product lines.
We are closely monitoring the spread of COVID-19 and continually mitigating its potential effects on our business. The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse impact on our business and employees.

2.Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information for commercial and industrial companies, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements (and notes thereto) included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (2020 Form 10-K). The condensed consolidated December 31, 2020 balance sheet presented is derived from the audited December 31, 2020 balance sheet included in the 2020 Form 10-K. In our opinion, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements have been included, and all adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance
Income taxes: In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12), as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in the accounting standards. The amendments in ASU 2019-12 eliminated certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. ASU 2019-12 also clarified and simplified other aspects of the accounting for income taxes. We adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021 with no material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
8
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments such as deposits held at major banks and money market funds. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Our cash and cash equivalents balances comprise the following:
  March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
(in thousands, except percentages) Amount % of Total Amount % of Total
Cash accounts $ 548,833  55.6  $ 571,587  62.6 
Money market funds 438,594  44.4  341,085  37.4 
Total $ 987,427  $ 912,672 

Our money market fund balances are held in various funds of two issuers.

3.Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table summarizes revenue:
Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages) March 31,
2021 		March 31,
2020
Revenue:
Lease licenses $ 65,077  $ 44,874 
Perpetual licenses 67,527  42,956 
Software licenses 132,604  87,830 
Maintenance 213,674  200,488 
Service 16,948  16,667 
Maintenance and service 230,622  217,155 
Total revenue $ 363,226  $ 304,985 
Direct revenue, as a percentage of total revenue 71.8  % 73.6  %
Indirect revenue, as a percentage of total revenue 28.2  % 26.4  %

Our software licenses revenue is recognized up front, while maintenance and service revenue is generally recognized over the term of the contract.
9
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue consists of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from customer agreements. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to customers. Payment terms vary by the type and location of customer and the products or services offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant.
The changes in deferred revenue, inclusive of both current and long-term deferred revenue, during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
(in thousands) 2021 2020
Beginning balance – January 1 $ 388,810  $ 365,274 
Deferral of revenue 362,043  308,817 
Recognition of revenue (363,226) (304,985)
Currency translation (6,898) (3,355)
Ending balance – March 31 $ 380,729  $ 365,751 

Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations as of March 31, 2021 will be recognized as revenue as follows:
(in thousands)  
Next 12 months $ 607,500 
Months 13-24 178,935 
Months 25-36 75,807 
Thereafter 74,259 
Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations $ 936,501 

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes both deferred revenue and backlog. Our backlog represents installment billings for periods beyond the current quarterly billing cycle. Revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 included amounts in deferred revenue and backlog at the beginning of the period of $209.3 million and $191.3 million, respectively.

4.Acquisitions
During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, we completed an acquisition with a purchase price of $10.8 million to enhance our customers' experience. The effects of the business combination were not material to our consolidated results of operations. The preliminary purchase allocations are $5.6 million of identifiable intangible assets, $6.2 million of goodwill and $1.0 million of net liabilities. The preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed may change as additional information becomes available during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date).
On December 1, 2020, we acquired 100% of the shares of Analytical Graphics, Inc. (AGI), a premier provider of mission-simulation, modeling, testing and analysis software for aerospace, defense and intelligence applications. The acquisition expands the scope of our offerings, empowering users to solve challenges by simulating from the chip level all the way to a customer's entire mission. The transaction closed with a purchase price of $722.5 million.
On April 1, 2020, we acquired 100% of the shares of Lumerical Inc. (Lumerical), a leading developer of photonic design and simulation tools, for a purchase price of approximately $107.5 million, paid in cash. The acquisition adds best-in-class photonic products to our multiphysics portfolio, providing customers with a full set of solutions to solve their next-generation product challenges.
The operating results of each acquisition have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements since each respective date of acquisition.
10
5.Other Receivables and Current Assets and Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities
Our other receivables and current assets and other accrued expenses and liabilities comprise the following balances:
(in thousands) March 31,
2021 		December 31,
2020
Receivables related to unrecognized revenue $ 135,828  $ 192,154 
Income taxes receivable, including overpayments and refunds 59,876  31,628 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 83,016  44,740 
Total other receivables and current assets $ 278,720  $ 268,522 
Payroll-related accruals 41,431  20,117 
Accrued vacation 39,156  34,132 
Consumption, VAT and sales tax liabilities 28,370  45,156 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 95,665  100,061 
Total other accrued expenses and liabilities $ 204,622  $ 199,466 

Receivables related to unrecognized revenue represent the current portion of billings made for customer contracts that have not yet been recognized as revenue.

6.Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (EPS) amounts are computed by dividing earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS amounts assume the issuance of common stock for all potentially dilutive equivalents outstanding. To the extent stock awards are anti-dilutive, they are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.
The details of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:
  Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data) March 31,
2021 		March 31,
2020
Net income $ 72,398  $ 46,064 
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic 86,808  85,798 
Dilutive effect of stock plans 1,178  1,571 
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted 87,986  87,369 
Basic earnings per share $ 0.83  $ 0.54 
Diluted earnings per share $ 0.82  $ 0.53 
Anti-dilutive shares 27  28 

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7.Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are classified as follows:
  March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
(in thousands) Gross
Carrying
Amount 		Accumulated
Amortization 		Gross
Carrying
Amount 		Accumulated
Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed software and core technologies
$ 862,677  $ (382,824) $ 859,620  $ (370,338)
Customer lists and contract backlog 283,592  (137,680) 288,085  (136,093)
Trade names 175,090  (123,855) 175,626  (122,392)
Total $ 1,321,359  $ (644,359) $ 1,323,331  $ (628,823)
Indefinite-lived intangible asset:
Trade name $ 357  $ 357 
Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives of two years to seventeen years. Amortization expense for the intangible assets reflected above was $19.4 million and $13.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
As of March 31, 2021, estimated future amortization expense for the intangible assets reflected above was as follows:
(in thousands)  
Remainder of 2021 $ 55,244 
2022 77,005 
2023 78,298 
2024 77,451 
2025 74,950 
2026 72,559 
Thereafter 241,493 
Total intangible assets subject to amortization 677,000 
Indefinite-lived trade name 357 
Other intangible assets, net $ 677,357 

The changes in goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
(in thousands) 2021 2020
Beginning balance – January 1 $ 3,038,306  $ 2,413,280 
Acquisitions and adjustments(1)
8,215  (336)
Currency translation (9,738) (14,260)
Ending balance – March 31 $ 3,036,783  $ 2,398,684 
(1) In accordance with the accounting for business combinations, we recorded adjustments to goodwill for the effect of changes in the provisional fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) as we obtained new information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date.
During the first quarter of 2021, we completed the annual impairment test for goodwill and the indefinite-lived intangible asset and determined that these assets had not been impaired as of the test date, January 1, 2021. No other events or circumstances changed during the three months ended March 31, 2021 that would indicate that the fair values of our reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset are below their carrying amounts.

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8.Fair Value Measurement
The valuation hierarchy for disclosure of assets and liabilities reported at fair value prioritizes the inputs for such valuations into three broad levels:
•Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•Level 2: quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; or
•Level 3: unobservable inputs based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.
A financial asset's or liability's classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Our current and long-term debt is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because these borrowings are not actively traded and have a variable interest rate structure based upon market rates. The carrying amount of our current and long-term debt approximates the estimated fair value. See Note 10, "Debt", for additional information on our borrowings.
The following tables provide the assets carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis:
    Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
(in thousands) March 31,
2021 		Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
(Level 1) 		Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) 		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
Cash equivalents $ 438,594  $ 438,594  $ —  $ — 
Short-term investments $ 516  $ —  $ 516  $ — 
Deferred compensation plan investments $ 1,601  $ 1,601  $ —  $ — 
    Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
(in thousands) December 31, 2020 Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
(Level 1) 		Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) 		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
Cash equivalents $ 341,085  $ 341,085  $ —  $ — 
Short-term investments $ 479  $ —  $ 479  $ — 
Deferred compensation plan investments $ 1,602  $ 1,602  $ —  $ — 

The cash equivalents in the preceding tables represent money market funds, valued at net asset value, with carrying values which approximate their fair values because of their short-term nature.
The short-term investments in the preceding tables represent deposits held by certain foreign subsidiaries. The deposits have fixed interest rates with original maturities ranging from three months to one year.
The deferred compensation plan investments in the preceding tables represent trading securities held in a rabbi trust for the benefit of non-employee directors. These securities consist of mutual funds traded in an active market with quoted prices. As a result, the plan assets are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The plan assets are recorded within other long-term assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

9.Leases
Our right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities primarily include operating leases for office space. Our executive offices and those related to certain domestic product development, marketing, production and administration are located in a 186,000 square foot office facility in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The term of the lease is 183 months, which began on October 1, 2014 and expires on December 31, 2029. The lease agreement includes options to renew the contract through August 2044, an option to lease additional space in January 2025 and an option to terminate the lease in December 2025. No options are included in the
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lease liability as renewal is not reasonably certain. In addition, we are reasonably certain we will not terminate the lease agreement. Absent the exercise of options in the lease, our remaining base rent (inclusive of property taxes and certain operating costs) is $4.5 million per annum through 2024 and $4.7 million per annum for 2025 - 2029.
The components of our global lease cost reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of income are as follows:
  Three Months Ended
(in thousands) March 31,
2021 		March 31,
2020
Lease liability cost $ 7,001  $ 6,218 
Variable lease cost not included in the lease liability(1)
1,282  1,097 
     Total lease cost $ 8,283  $ 7,315 
(1) Variable lease cost includes common area maintenance, property taxes, utilities and fluctuations in rent due to a change in an index or rate.
Other information related to operating leases is as follows:
  Three Months Ended
(in thousands) March 31,
2021 		March 31,
2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of the lease liability:
     Operating cash flows from operating leases $ (6,827) $ (5,733)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 587  19,601 
As of March 31,
2021 2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases
7.1 years 8.0 years
Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases
3.1  % 3.4  %

The maturity schedule of the operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2021 is as follows:
(in thousands)  
Remainder of 2021 $ 20,283 
2022 24,304 
2023 19,027 
2024 17,956 
2025 16,877 
Thereafter 49,834 
     Total future lease payments 148,281 
Less: Present value adjustment (15,787)
     Present value of future lease payments(1)
$ 132,494 
(1) Includes the current portion of operating lease liabilities of $23.0 million, which is reflected in other accrued expenses and liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
There were no material leases that have been signed but not yet commenced as of March 31, 2021.
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10.Debt
In February 2019, we entered into a credit agreement for a $500.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility, which includes a $50.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit (Revolving Credit Facility), with Bank of America, N.A. as the Administrative Agent. The Revolving Credit Facility becomes payable in full on February 22, 2024 and is available for general corporate purposes, including, among others, to finance acquisitions and capital expenditures. The Revolving Credit Facility had not been utilized as of March 31, 2021.
We amended our credit agreement (Amended Credit Agreement) on October 16, 2019. The amendment provided for a new $500.0 million unsecured term loan facility to finance our acquisition of Livermore Software Technology (LST) in the fourth quarter of 2019. The term loan was funded on November 1, 2019 and matures on November 1, 2024. Principal on the term loan will be payable on the last business day of each fiscal quarter commencing with the ninth full fiscal quarter after the funding date at a rate of 1.25% per quarter, increasing to 2.50% per quarter after the next four fiscal quarters. We repaid $75.0 million of the unsecured term loan balance in January 2020 prior to the scheduled maturity dates in 2022 ($25.0 million) and 2023 ($50.0 million).
In connection with the acquisition of AGI, we entered into a credit agreement (AGI Credit Agreement) on November 9, 2020, with Bank of America, N.A. as the Administrative Agent. The AGI Credit Agreement provided for a new $375.0 million unsecured term loan facility to finance a portion of the cash consideration for the acquisition. The term loan was funded on December 1, 2020 and matures on November 1, 2024. Principal on the term loan will be payable on the last business day of each fiscal quarter commencing with the fifth full fiscal quarter after the funding date at a rate of 1.25% per quarter, increasing to 2.50% per quarter after the next four fiscal quarters.
Borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement and the AGI Credit Agreement (collectively, the Credit Agreements) accrue interest at the Eurodollar rate plus an applicable margin or at the base rate, at our election. For the quarter ended March 31, 2021, we elected to apply the Eurodollar rate. The base rate is the applicable margin plus the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.500%, (ii) the Bank of America prime rate and (iii) the Eurodollar rate plus 1.000%. The applicable margin for these borrowings is a percentage per annum based on the lower of (1) a pricing level determined by our then-current consolidated leverage ratio and (2) a pricing level determined by our debt ratings (if such debt ratings exist). This results in a margin ranging from 1.125% to 1.750% and 0.125% to 0.750% for the Eurodollar rate and base rate, respectively.
The weighted-average interest rates in effect for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were 1.45% and 3.03%, respectively. As of March 31, 2021, the rate in effect for the Credit Agreements was 1.45%.
The Credit Agreements contain language in the event the Eurodollar rate is not available due to LIBOR changes. If this occurs, the base rate will be used for borrowings. However, we may work with the Administrative Agent to amend the Credit Agreements to replace the Eurodollar rate with (i) one or more rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR); or (ii) another alternative benchmark rate, subject to the lenders' approval.
The Credit Agreements contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The Credit Agreements also each contain a financial covenant requiring us to maintain a consolidated leverage ratio of indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization not exceeding 3.50 to 1.00 as of the end of any fiscal quarter (for the four-quarter period ending on such date) with an opportunity for a temporary increase in such consolidated leverage ratio to 4.00 to 1.00 upon the consummation of certain qualified acquisitions for which the aggregate consideration is at least $250.0 million.
As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the carrying values of the term loans were $798.2 million, which is net of $1.8 million of unamortized debt issuance costs, and $798.1 million, which is net of $1.9 million of unamortized debt issuance costs, respectively. We were in compliance with all covenants as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.


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11.Income Taxes
Our income before income tax benefit, income tax benefit and effective tax rates were as follows:
  Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages) March 31,
2021 		March 31,
2020
Income before income tax benefit $ 47,623  $ 33,324 
Income tax benefit (24,775) (12,740)
Effective tax rate (52.0) % (38.2) %

Tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was due to increased tax deductions related to stock compensation, many of which were recognized discretely. These tax benefits were in excess of tax expense at the annualized effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, resulting in a net tax benefit. Our expected annualized effective tax rate remains positive for 2021.

12.Stock Repurchase Program
Under our stock repurchase program, we repurchased shares as follows:
Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data) March 31,
2021 		March 31,
2020
Number of shares repurchased — 690 
Average price paid per share $ —  $ 233.48 
Total cost $ —  $ 161,029 

As of March 31, 2021, 2.8 million shares remained available for repurchase under the program.

13.Stock-Based Compensation
Total stock-based compensation expense and its net impact on basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:
  Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data) March 31,
2021 		March 31,
2020
Cost of sales:
Maintenance and service $ 3,562  $ 2,866 
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative 17,223  15,144 
Research and development 14,334  12,931 
Stock-based compensation expense before taxes 35,119  30,941 
Related income tax benefits (42,625) (25,906)
Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes $ (7,506) $ 5,035 
Net impact on earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share $ 0.09  $ (0.06)
Diluted earnings per share $ 0.09  $ (0.06)

Stock-based compensation is a net benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The tax benefits on stock-based compensation exceed the gross stock-based compensation expense due to increased excess tax benefits recognized related to awards issued in prior periods that were either exercised or released in the current period.
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14.Geographic Information
Revenue to external customers is attributed to individual countries based upon the location of the customer. Revenue by geographic area is as follows:
  Three Months Ended
(in thousands) March 31,
2021 		March 31,
2020
United States $ 152,701  $ 125,113 
Japan 42,015  37,359 
Germany 31,346  30,097 
South Korea 22,398  15,561 
France 15,386  15,469 
Other Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) 56,543  43,841 
Other international 42,837  37,545 
Total revenue $ 363,226  $ 304,985 

Property and equipment by geographic area is as follows:
(in thousands) March 31,
2021 		December 31,
2020
United States $ 62,890  $ 65,633 
India 7,077  7,408 
Germany 5,541  5,277 
France 5,239  5,749 
Other EMEA 5,688  5,847 
Other international 6,772  6,589 
Total property and equipment, net $ 93,207  $ 96,503 

15.Contingencies and Commitments
We are subject to various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including commercial disputes, labor and employment matters, tax audits, alleged infringement of intellectual property rights and other matters. In our opinion, the resolution of pending matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. However, each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these proceedings could materially affect our results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
Our Indian subsidiary has several service tax audits pending that have resulted in formal inquiries being received on transactions through mid-2012. We could incur tax charges and related liabilities of approximately $7.4 million. As such charges are not probable at this time, a reserve has not been recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2021. The service tax issues raised in our notices and inquiries are very similar to the case, M/s Microsoft Corporation (I) (P) Ltd. Vs. Commissioner of Service Tax, New Delhi, wherein the Delhi Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT) issued a favorable ruling to Microsoft. The Microsoft ruling was subsequently challenged in the Supreme Court by the Indian tax authority and a decision is still pending. We can provide no assurances on the impact that the present Microsoft case’s decision will have on our cases, however, an unfavorable ruling in the Microsoft case may impact our assessment of probability and result in the recording of a $7.4 million reserve. We are uncertain as to when these service tax matters will be concluded.
We sell software licenses and services to our customers under contractual agreements. Such agreements generally include certain provisions indemnifying the customer against claims of intellectual property infringement or non-compliance to contractual terms and conditions by third parties arising from such customer’s usage of our products or services. To date, payments related to these indemnification provisions have been immaterial. For several reasons, including the lack of prior material indemnification claims, we cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnification provisions.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of ANSYS, Inc.
Results of Review of Interim Financial Information
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet of ANSYS, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of March 31, 2021, the related condensed consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "interim financial information"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial information for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2020, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 24, 2021, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
This interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
May 5, 2021



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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the three months ended March 31, 2021, and with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2020 included in the 2020 Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
Business:
Ansys, a Delaware corporation formed in 1994, develops and globally markets engineering simulation software and services widely used by engineers, designers, researchers and students across a broad spectrum of industries and academia, including aerospace and defense, automotive, electronics, semiconductors, energy, turbomachinery, consumer products, and healthcare. Headquartered south of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, we employed approximately 4,800 people as of March 31, 2021. We focus on the development of open and flexible solutions that enable users to analyze designs directly on the desktop, which can be delivered both on-premises and in the cloud. We provide a common platform for fast, efficient and cost-conscious product development, from design concept to final-stage testing and validation. We distribute our suite of simulation technologies through direct sales offices in strategic, global locations and a global network of independent resellers and distributors (collectively, channel partners). It is our intention to continue to maintain this hybrid sales and distribution model.
Our strategy of Pervasive Engineering Simulation seeks to deepen the use of simulation in our core, to amplify usage of simulation throughout the product lifecycle and to embed simulation into our partners' ecosystems. The engineering software simulation market is strong and growing. The market growth is driven by customers’ needs for rapid, quality innovation in a cost-efficient manner, enabling faster time to market of new products and lower warranty costs. While the transition away from physical prototyping toward simulation is prevalent through all industries, simulation demand is heightened by investments in high-growth solutions, including 5G, electrification, autonomous and the IIoT. Our strategy of Pervasive Engineering Simulation is aligned with this market growth.
We license our technology to businesses, educational institutions and governmental agencies. Growth in our revenue is affected by the strength of global economies, general business conditions, currency exchange rate fluctuations, customer budgetary constraints and the competitive position of our products. We believe that the features, functionality and integrated multiphysics capabilities of our software products are as strong as they have ever been. However, the software business is generally characterized by long sales cycles. These long sales cycles increase the difficulty of predicting sales for any particular quarter. We make many operational and strategic decisions based upon short- and long-term sales forecasts that are impacted not only by these long sales cycles, but also by current global economic conditions, including the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, we believe that our overall performance is best measured by fiscal year results rather than by quarterly results.
Management considers the competition and price pressure that it faces in the short- and long-term by focusing on expanding the breadth, depth, ease of use and quality of the technologies, features, functionality and integrated multiphysics capabilities of our software products as compared to our competitors; investing in research and development to develop new and innovative products and increase the capabilities of our existing products; supplying new products and services; focusing on customer needs, training, consulting and support; and enhancing our distribution channels. We also consider acquisitions to supplement our global engineering talent, product offerings and distribution channels.
Overview:
Update on the Impact of COVID-19
As we moved into 2021, we continuously worked to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on our business as described in our 2020 Form 10-K. The health and safety of our employees and their families, our partners and our broad Ansys community around the world remain a high priority. We are continuing to monitor the situation, but as of now remote access remains the primary means of work for a majority of our workforce. As we prepare for a broader employee base to return to the office later in the year, we are developing new flexible work arrangements. Remote work arrangements have not adversely affected our ability to maintain effective financial operations, including our financial reporting systems, internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. We expect to maintain these effective controls as we continue to work remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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The impact from the rapidly changing market and economic conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the business of our customers and partners, and has impacted our business and consolidated results of operations. Our current expectations regarding future performance are subject to significant uncertainty and dependent upon the remaining duration and severity of the pandemic, the geographic markets affected, the actions taken by governmental authorities to contain the spread of the virus and variants, the nature and scope of government economic recovery measures, and the widespread availability, consumption and reliability of vaccines, among other factors. The spread of the virus and its variants and economic deterioration caused by them have had an adverse impact on our business and, in the future, could have a material adverse impact on our business, as well as on our ability to achieve our financial guidance. We continue to adjust our spending to reflect our expectations for the pace at which economic recovery will occur, while balancing the need to invest for long-term opportunities. We have also maintained and intend to maintain our commitment to invest in our acquisitions, research and development, and certain digital transformation projects, in particular our Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system and human resources information system (HRIS) projects, as those projects are critical to our ability to operate efficiently and scale the business for future growth. During the first quarter of 2021, we implemented enhancements to our CRM platform, and we expanded the rollout of our global payroll platform for HRIS.
Please see "Note About Forward-Looking Statements" and "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of our 2020 Form 10-K for discussion on additional business risks, including those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Overall GAAP and Non-GAAP Results
This section includes a discussion of GAAP and non-GAAP results. For reconciliations of non-GAAP results to GAAP results, see the section titled "Non-GAAP Results" herein.
Our GAAP and non-GAAP results for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 reflected the following increases:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
GAAP Non-GAAP
Revenue 19.1  % 20.5  %
Operating income 46.8  % 37.5  %
Diluted earnings per share 54.7  % 34.9  %

We experienced an increase in revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 due to growth in software license and maintenance revenue and contributions from our recent acquisitions. The COVID-19 pandemic and trade restrictions with China adversely impacted our revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. However, due to our diverse customer base, both from a vertical and geographic perspective, as well as our close relationships with customers, we were able to conduct a large amount of business remotely, which mitigated the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak.
We also experienced increased operating expenses primarily due to increased personnel costs, additional operating expenses related to acquisitions, increased costs related to foreign exchange translation due to a weaker U.S. Dollar and higher stock-based compensation. While our hiring pace was slowed and certain discretionary operational expenses, such as travel, were significantly reduced, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a material impact on our operating expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
The non-GAAP results exclude the income statement effects of the acquisition accounting adjustments to deferred revenue, stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and transaction expenses related to business combinations.
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Impact of Foreign Currency
Our comparative financial results were impacted by fluctuations in the U.S. Dollar during the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020. The net favorable impacts on our GAAP and non-GAAP revenue and operating income as a result of the weakened U.S. Dollar when measured against our primary foreign currencies are reflected in the table below.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
(in thousands) GAAP Non-GAAP
Revenue $ 9,912  $ 9,948 
Operating income $ 2,046  $ 2,473 

In constant currency, our increases were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
GAAP Non-GAAP
Revenue 15.8  % 17.3  %
Operating income 40.8  % 34.8  %
Constant currency amounts exclude the effects of foreign currency fluctuations on the reported results. To present this information, the 2021 results for entities whose functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. Dollar were converted to U.S. Dollars at rates that were in effect for the 2020 comparable period, rather than the actual exchange rates in effect for 2021. Constant currency growth rates are calculated by adjusting the 2021 reported revenue and operating income amounts by the 2021 currency fluctuation impacts and comparing to the 2020 comparable period reported revenue and operating income amounts.
Other Key Business Metric
Annual Contract Value (ACV) is one of our key performance metrics and is useful to investors in assessing the strength and trajectory of our business. Given that revenue is more volatile due to the upfront revenue recognition of multi-year lease license sales, we provide ACV as a supplemental metric to help evaluate the annual performance of the business. Summed over the long term, ACV and revenue lead to the same outcome. However, there will be years in which ACV growth lags revenue growth and other years in which ACV growth leads revenue growth. It is used by management in financial and operational decision-making and in setting sales targets used for compensation. ACV should be viewed independently of revenue and deferred revenue as ACV is a performance metric and is not intended to be combined with any of these items. There is no GAAP measure comparable to ACV. ACV is composed of the following:
•the annualized value of maintenance and lease contracts with start dates or anniversary dates during the period, plus
•the value of perpetual license contracts with start dates during the period, plus
•the annualized value of fixed-term services contracts with start dates or anniversary dates during the period, plus
•the value of work performed during the period on fixed-deliverable services contracts.
Our ACV was as follows:
  Three Months Ended March 31, Change
(in thousands, except percentages) 2021 2020 Amount % Constant Currency %
ACV $ 319,382  $ 301,050  $ 18,332  6.1  3.0 
Recurring ACV as a percentage of ACV 77.6  % 82.2  %

Recurring ACV includes both lease licenses and maintenance contracts. The reduction as a percentage of total ACV in Q1 2021 as compared to Q1 2020 was driven by an increase in perpetual licensing, primarily within our Asia-Pacific markets.
Other Financial Information
Our financial position includes $987.9 million in cash and short-term investments, and working capital of $1,036.9 million as of March 31, 2021.
There were no share repurchases during the first quarter of 2021. As of March 31, 2021, we had 2.8 million shares remaining available for repurchase under our authorized share repurchase program.
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Geographic Trends:
The following table presents our geographic constant currency GAAP revenue growth during the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Americas 21.1  %
EMEA 7.6  %
Asia-Pacific 16.3  %
Total 15.8  %

The mix of perpetual license sales as well as the value and duration of multi-year lease contracts executed during the period significantly impact revenue recognition. As a result, regional revenues may fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis and are not necessarily indicative of customer usage changes or our cash flows for such regions during the periods presented.
To drive growth, we continue to focus on a number of sales improvement activities across the geographic regions, including sales hiring, pipeline building, productivity initiatives and customer engagement activities.
Continued trade tensions between the U.S. and China, together with the uncertainty around the COVID-19 outbreak, have had an impact on, and in the future may further restrict, our ability to sell and distribute our products to certain customers and our ability to collect against existing trade receivables. As a result, each of these have had, and in the future could continue to have, an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Refer to additional details in Part I, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2020 Form 10-K.
Industry Commentary:
The industry trends from 2020 carried into the first quarter of 2021 as high-tech, automotive, and aerospace and defense continue to be our leading industries. This reflects the sustained research and development investments companies in these industries are making in critical technology initiatives – such as 5G and cloud computing infrastructure, advanced defense systems, electrification and autonomy. In the high-tech and semiconductor industry, 5G is still driving growth as it has significant implications in relation to the amount of data that is generated and stored and how effectively it can be processed. The transportation and mobility revolution continues to drive investment in the automotive industry.
Use of Estimates:
The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to fair values of stock awards, bad debts, contract revenue, acquired deferred revenue, the standalone selling prices of our products and services, the valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, deferred compensation, income taxes, uncertain tax positions, tax valuation reserves, operating lease assets and liabilities, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience, market experience, estimated future cash flows and various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Note About Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), including, but not limited to, the following statements, as well as statements that contain such words as "anticipates," "intends," "believes," "plans" and other similar expressions:
•Our expectations regarding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and variants of the virus as well as trade tensions between the U.S. and China.
•Our intentions regarding our hybrid sales and distribution model.
•Our intentions related to investments in research and development, particularly as it relates to expanding the ease of use and capabilities of our broad portfolio of simulation software products.
•Our expectations regarding the accelerated development of new and innovative products to the marketplace while lowering design and engineering costs for customers as a result of our acquisitions.
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•Our statements regarding the impact of global economic conditions.
•Our expectations regarding the outcome of our service tax audit cases.
•Our assessment of the ultimate liabilities arising from various investigations, claims and legal proceedings.
•Our statements regarding the strength of the features, functionality and integrated multiphysics capabilities of our software products.
•Our belief that our overall performance is best measured by fiscal year results rather than by quarterly results.
•Our expectations regarding increased lease license volatility due to an increased customer preference for time-based licenses rather than perpetual licenses.
•Our estimates regarding the expected impact on reported revenue related to the acquisition accounting treatment of deferred revenue.
•Our expectation that we will continue to make targeted investments in our global sales and marketing organizations and our global business infrastructure to enhance and support our revenue-generating activities.
•Our intention to repatriate previously taxed earnings in excess of working capital needs and to reinvest all other earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries.
•Our plans related to future capital spending.
•The sufficiency of existing cash and cash equivalent balances to meet future working capital and capital expenditure requirements.
•Our belief that the best uses of our excess cash are to invest in the business, acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products, services and technologies, make payments on outstanding debt balances and repurchase stock in order to both offset dilution and return capital, in excess of our requirements, to stockholders with the goal of increasing stockholder value.
•Our expectation that changes in currency exchange rates will affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
•Our expectations regarding future claims related to indemnification obligations.
•Our expectations regarding acquisitions, related capital expenditures and integrating such acquired companies to realize the benefits of cost reductions and other synergies relating thereto.
Forward-looking statements should not be unduly relied upon because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. We describe such risks, uncertainties, and factors in the “Risk Factors,” “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections of our Forms 10-K and 10-Q. Many of these risks, uncertainties, and factors are currently amplified by, and may continue to be amplified by, the COVID-19 pandemic. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and we undertake no obligation to update them. Our actual results could differ materially from those set forth in forward-looking statements.
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Results of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Revenue:
  Three Months Ended March 31, Change
(in thousands, except percentages) 2021 2020 Amount % Constant Currency %
Revenue:
Lease licenses $ 65,077  $ 44,874  $ 20,203  45.0  42.6 
Perpetual licenses 67,527  42,956  24,571  57.2  52.8 
Software licenses 132,604  87,830  44,774  51.0  47.6 
Maintenance 213,674  200,488  13,186  6.6  3.3 
Service 16,948  16,667  281  1.7  (1.1)
Maintenance and service 230,622  217,155  13,467  6.2  3.0 
Total revenue $ 363,226  $ 304,985  $ 58,241  19.1  15.8 

Our revenue in the quarter ended March 31, 2021 increased 19.1% as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2020, while revenue grew 15.8% in constant currency. The growth rate was favorably impacted by our continued investment in our global sales, support and marketing organizations, strong perpetual license sales, the timing and duration of our multi-year lease contracts, momentum sales to our small- and medium-sized businesses, and our recent acquisitions. Lease license revenue increased 45.0%, or 42.6% in constant currency, as compared to the prior-year quarter. Perpetual license revenue, which is derived from new sales during the quarter, increased 57.2%, or 52.8% in constant currency, as compared to the prior-year quarter. Annual maintenance contracts that were sold with new perpetual licenses, maintenance renewals and the maintenance portion of lease license contracts collectively contributed to maintenance revenue growth of 6.6%, or 3.3% in constant currency. Service revenue increased 1.7%, or decreased 1.1% in constant currency, as compared to the prior-year quarter.
We continue to experience increased interest by some of our larger customers in enterprise agreements that often include longer-term, time-based licenses involving a larger number of our software products. While these arrangements typically involve a higher overall transaction price, the upfront recognition of license revenue related to these larger, multi-year transactions can result in significantly higher lease license revenue volatility. Software products, across a large variety of applications and industries, are increasingly distributed in software-as-a-service, cloud and other subscription environments in which the licensing approach is time-based rather than perpetual. This preference resulted in a shift from perpetual licenses to time-based licenses across a broader spectrum of our customers, with the exception of our Asia-Pacific region which experienced a disproportionate increase in perpetual licensing for the first quarter of 2021.
In relation to COVID-19 and our revenue, we currently expect a recovery in the business environment as vaccine distribution becomes more widespread and a larger percentage of the population is inoculated. Globally, businesses have not resumed full operations and our teams and those of our customers will likely continue working remotely into the second half of 2021. As a result of social distancing, our in-person demand generation events and those of our channel partners have been canceled. While we have adjusted to have a stronger digital focus, as evidenced by our hosting of our annual Simulation World digital event in April 2021, the absence of certain events has had and is expected to continue to have an adverse impact on our results, especially for certain channel partners. Additional waves or mutated variants of COVID-19 could result in renewed shutdowns that stop or regress economic recovery.
With respect to revenue, on average for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the U.S. Dollar was approximately 6.5% weaker, when measured against our primary foreign currencies, than for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. The table below presents the net favorable impacts of currency fluctuations on revenue for the quarter ended March 31, 2021.
(in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Euro $ 6,120 
South Korean Won 1,369 
British Pound 820 
Japanese Yen 782 
Other 821 
Total $ 9,912 
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The impacts from currency fluctuations resulted in increased operating income of $2.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
As a percentage of revenue, our international and domestic revenues, and our direct and indirect revenues, were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
International 58.0  % 59.0  %
Domestic 42.0  % 41.0  %
Direct 71.8  % 73.6  %
Indirect 28.2  % 26.4  %

In valuing deferred revenue on the balance sheets of our recent acquisitions as of their respective acquisition dates, we applied the fair value provisions applicable to the accounting for business combinations, resulting in a reduction of deferred revenue as compared to the historical carrying amount. As a result, our post-acquisition revenue will be less than the sum of what would have otherwise been reported by us and each acquiree absent the acquisitions. The impacts on reported revenue were $8.9 million and $3.9 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The expected impacts on reported revenue are $5.3 million and $19.3 million for the quarter ending June 30, 2021 and the year ending December 31, 2021, respectively.
Deferred Revenue and Backlog:
Deferred revenue consists of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from customer agreements. The deferred revenue on our condensed consolidated balance sheets does not represent the total value of annual or multi-year, noncancellable agreements. Our backlog represents installment billings for periods beyond the current quarterly billing cycle. Our deferred revenue and backlog as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted of the following:
Balance at March 31, 2021
(in thousands) Total Current Long-Term
Deferred revenue $ 380,729  $ 366,596  $ 14,133 
Backlog 555,772  240,904  314,868 
Total $ 936,501  $ 607,500  $ 329,001 
Balance at December 31, 2020
(in thousands) Total Current Long-Term
Deferred revenue $ 388,810  $ 372,061  $ 16,749 
Backlog 578,317  234,719  343,598 
Total $ 967,127  $ 606,780  $ 360,347 

Revenue associated with deferred revenue and backlog that will be recognized in the subsequent twelve months is classified as current in the tables above.
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Cost of Sales and Operating Expenses:
The tables below reflect our operating results as presented on the condensed consolidated statements of income, which are inclusive of foreign currency translation impacts. Amounts included in the discussions that follow each table are provided in constant currency and are inclusive of costs related to our acquisitions. The impact of foreign exchange translation is discussed separately, where material.
  Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020 Change
(in thousands, except percentages) Amount % of
Revenue 		Amount % of
Revenue 		Amount %
Cost of sales:
Software licenses $ 7,606  2.1  $ 4,926  1.6  $ 2,680  54.4 
Amortization 14,949  4.1  9,552  3.1  5,397  56.5 
Maintenance and service 39,548  10.9  35,638  11.7  3,910  11.0 
Total cost of sales 62,103  17.1  50,116  16.4  11,987  23.9 
Gross profit $ 301,123  82.9  $ 254,869  83.6  $ 46,254  18.1 

Software Licenses: The increase in the cost of software licenses was primarily due to increased third-party royalties of $2.5 million.
Amortization: The increase in amortization expense was due to the amortization of intangible assets acquired within the last year.
Maintenance and Service: The increase in maintenance and service costs was primarily due to the following:
•Increased salaries and incentive compensation of $2.2 million.
•Increased costs related to foreign exchange translation of $1.3 million due to a weaker U.S. Dollar.
The improvement in gross profit was a result of the increase in revenue, partially offset by the increase in the cost of sales.
  Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020 Change
(in thousands, except percentages) Amount % of
Revenue 		Amount % of
Revenue 		Amount %
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative $ 146,215  40.3  $ 130,522  42.8  $ 15,693  12.0 
Research and development 100,479  27.7  86,112  28.2  14,367  16.7 
Amortization 4,407  1.2  4,162  1.4  245  5.9 
Total operating expenses $ 251,101  69.1  $ 220,796  72.4  $ 30,305  13.7 

Selling, General and Administrative: The net increase in selling, general and administrative costs was primarily due to the following:
•Increased salaries, incentive compensation and other headcount-related costs of $15.3 million.
•Increased costs related to foreign exchange translation of $3.8 million due to a weaker U.S. Dollar.
•Increased stock-based compensation of $2.1 million.
•Decreased business travel of $4.9 million due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
•Decreased bad debt expense of $3.1 million.
We anticipate that we will continue to make targeted investments in our global sales and marketing organizations and our global business infrastructure to enhance and support our revenue-generating activities.
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Research and Development: The increase in research and development costs was primarily due to the following:
•Increased salaries, incentive compensation and other headcount-related costs of $9.7 million.
•Increased costs related to foreign exchange translation of $2.4 million due to a weaker U.S. Dollar.
•Increased stock-based compensation of $1.4 million.
We have traditionally invested significant resources in research and development activities and intend to continue to make investments in expanding the ease of use and capabilities of our broad portfolio of simulation software products.
Interest Income: Interest income for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 was $0.5 million as compared to $2.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Interest income decreased as a result of a lower interest rate environment and the related decrease in the average rate of return on invested cash balances.
Interest Expense: Interest expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 was $3.3 million as compared to $3.7 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Interest expense decreased as a result of a lower interest rate environment, partially offset by interest incurred on debt financing obtained in connection with the acquisition of AGI in the fourth quarter of 2020.
Other Income, net: Other income for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 was $0.4 million as compared to $0.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Other income consisted primarily of net foreign currency gains.

Income Tax Benefit: Our income before income tax benefit, income tax benefit and effective tax rates were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2021 2020
Income before income tax benefit $ 47,623  $ 33,324 
Income tax benefit $ (24,775) $ (12,740)
Effective tax rate (52.0) % (38.2) %

The decrease in the effective tax rate from the first quarter of 2020 was primarily due to increased benefits related to stock-based compensation.
When compared to the federal and state combined statutory rate for each respective period, the effective tax rates for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were favorably impacted by tax benefits from stock-based compensation, the foreign-derived intangible income deduction, and research and development credits.
Net Income: Our net income, diluted earnings per share and weighted average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data) 2021 2020
Net income $ 72,398  $ 46,064 
Diluted earnings per share $ 0.82  $ 0.53 
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 87,986  87,369 


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Non-GAAP Results
We provide non-GAAP revenue, non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross profit margin, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share as supplemental measures to GAAP regarding our operational performance. These financial measures exclude the impact of certain items and, therefore, have not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. A detailed explanation and a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure are included below.
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Reconciliations of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2021
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data) Revenue Gross Profit % Operating Income % Net Income
EPS - Diluted1
Total GAAP $ 363,226  $ 301,123  82.9  % $ 50,022  13.8  % $ 72,398  $ 0.82 
Acquisition accounting for deferred revenue 8,923  8,923  0.4  % 8,923  2.0  % 8,923  0.10 
Stock-based compensation expense —  3,562  1.0  % 35,119  9.5  % 35,119  0.41 
Excess payroll taxes related to stock-based awards —  865  0.2  % 9,135  2.5  % 9,135  0.10 
Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions —  14,949  4.0  % 19,356  5.2  % 19,356  0.22 
Transaction expenses related to business combinations —  —  —  % 1,970  0.5  % 1,970  0.02 
Adjustment for income tax effect —  —  —  % —  —  % (47,979) (0.55)
Total non-GAAP $ 372,149  $ 329,422  88.5  % $ 124,525  33.5  % $ 98,922  $ 1.12 
1 Diluted weighted average shares were 87,986.

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2020
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data) Revenue Gross Profit % Operating Income % Net Income
EPS - Diluted1
Total GAAP $ 304,985  $ 254,869  83.6  % $ 34,073  11.2  % $ 46,064  $ 0.53 
Acquisition accounting for deferred revenue 3,912  3,912  0.2  % 3,912  1.1  % 3,912  0.04 
Stock-based compensation expense —  2,866  0.9  % 30,941  10.0  % 30,941  0.36 
Excess payroll taxes related to stock-based awards —  523  0.1  % 6,983  2.3  % 6,983  0.08 
Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions —  9,552  3.2  % 13,714  4.4  % 13,714  0.16 
Transaction expenses related to business combinations —  —  —  % 950  0.3  % 950  0.01 
Rabbi trust (income) / expense —  —  —  % —  —  % (4) — 
Adjustment for income tax effect —  —  —  % —  —  % (30,255) (0.35)
Total non-GAAP $ 308,897  $ 271,722  88.0  % $ 90,573  29.3  % $ 72,305  $ 0.83 
1 Diluted weighted average shares were 87,369.
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We use non-GAAP financial measures (a) to evaluate our historical and prospective financial performance as well as our performance relative to our competitors, (b) to set internal sales targets and spending budgets, (c) to allocate resources, (d) to measure operational profitability and the accuracy of forecasting, (e) to assess financial discipline over operational expenditures and (f) as an important factor in determining variable compensation for management and employees. In addition, many financial analysts that follow us focus on and publish both historical results and future projections based on non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that it is in the best interest of our investors to provide this information to analysts so that they accurately report the non-GAAP financial information. Moreover, investors have historically requested, and we have historically reported, these non-GAAP financial measures as a means of providing consistent and comparable information with past reports of financial results.
While we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful supplemental information to investors, there are limitations associated with the use of these non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, are not reported by all our competitors and may not be directly comparable to similarly titled measures of our competitors due to potential differences in the exact method of calculation. We compensate for these limitations by using these non-GAAP financial measures as supplements to GAAP financial measures and by reviewing the reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to their most comparable GAAP financial measures.
The adjustments to these non-GAAP financial measures, and the basis for such adjustments, are outlined below:
Acquisition accounting for deferred revenue. Historically, we have consummated acquisitions in order to support our strategic and other business objectives. In accordance with the fair value provisions applicable to the accounting for business combinations, acquired deferred revenue is often recorded on the opening balance sheet at an amount that is lower than the historical carrying value. Although this acquisition accounting requirement has no impact on our business or cash flow, it adversely impacts our reported GAAP revenue in the reporting periods following an acquisition. In order to provide investors with financial information that facilitates comparison of both historical and future results, we provide non-GAAP financial measures which exclude the impact of the acquisition accounting adjustment. We believe that this non-GAAP financial adjustment is useful to investors because it allows investors to (a) evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology and information used by us in our financial and operational decision-making, and (b) compare our past and future reports of financial results as the revenue reduction related to acquired deferred revenue will not recur when related lease licenses and software maintenance contracts are renewed in future periods.
Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions. We incur amortization of intangible assets, included in our GAAP presentation of amortization expense, related to various acquisitions we have made. We exclude these expenses for the purpose of calculating non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross profit margin, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share when we evaluate our continuing operational performance because these costs are fixed at the time of an acquisition, are then amortized over a period of several years after the acquisition and generally cannot be changed or influenced by us after the acquisition. Accordingly, we do not consider these expenses for purposes of evaluating our performance during the applicable time period after the acquisition, and we exclude such expenses when making decisions to allocate resources. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors because they allow investors to (a) evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology and information used by us in our financial and operational decision-making, and (b) compare our past reports of financial results as we have historically reported these non-GAAP financial measures.
Stock-based compensation expense. We incur expense related to stock-based compensation included in our GAAP presentation of cost of maintenance and service; research and development expense; and selling, general and administrative expense. This non-GAAP adjustment also includes excess payroll tax expense related to stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation expense (benefit) incurred in connection with our deferred compensation plan held in a rabbi trust includes an offsetting benefit (charge) recorded in other income (expense). Although stock-based compensation is an expense and viewed as a form of compensation, we exclude these expenses for the purpose of calculating non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross profit margin, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share when we evaluate our continuing operational performance. We similarly exclude income (expense) related to assets held in a rabbi trust in connection with our deferred compensation plan. Specifically, we exclude stock-based compensation and income (expense) related to assets held in the deferred compensation plan rabbi trust during our annual budgeting process and our quarterly and annual assessments of our performance. The annual budgeting process is the primary mechanism whereby we allocate resources to various initiatives and operational requirements. Additionally, the annual review by our board of directors during which it compares our historical business model and profitability to the planned business model and profitability for the forthcoming year excludes the impact of stock-based compensation. In evaluating the performance of our senior management and department managers, charges related to stock-based compensation are excluded from expenditure and profitability results. In fact, we record stock-based compensation expense into a stand-alone cost center for which no single operational manager is responsible or accountable. In this way, we can review, on a period-to-period basis,
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each manager's performance and assess financial discipline over operational expenditures without the effect of stock-based compensation. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors because they allow investors to (a) evaluate our operating results and the effectiveness of the methodology used by us to review our operating results, and (b) review historical comparability in our financial reporting as well as comparability with competitors' operating results.
Transaction expenses related to business combinations. We incur expenses for professional services rendered in connection with business combinations, which are included in our GAAP presentation of selling, general and administrative expense. These expenses are generally not tax-deductible. We exclude these acquisition-related transaction expenses, derived from announced acquisitions, for the purpose of calculating non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share when we evaluate our continuing operational performance, as we generally would not have otherwise incurred these expenses in the periods presented as a part of our operations. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors because they allow investors to (a) evaluate our operating results and the effectiveness of the methodology used by us to review our operating results, and (b) review historical comparability in our financial reporting as well as comparability with competitors' operating results.
Non-GAAP tax provision. We utilize a normalized non-GAAP annual effective tax rate (AETR) to calculate non-GAAP measures. This methodology provides better consistency across interim reporting periods by eliminating the effects of non-recurring items and aligning the non-GAAP tax rate with our expected geographic earnings mix. To project this rate, we analyzed our historic and projected non-GAAP earnings mix by geography along with other factors such as our current tax structure, recurring tax credits and incentives, and expected tax positions. On an annual basis we will re-evaluate this rate for significant items that may materially affect our projections.
Non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative for, GAAP. Our non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP financial measures and should be read only in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP.
We have provided a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures as listed below:
GAAP Reporting Measure Non-GAAP Reporting Measure
Revenue Non-GAAP Revenue
Gross Profit Non-GAAP Gross Profit
Gross Profit Margin Non-GAAP Gross Profit Margin
Operating Income Non-GAAP Operating Income
Operating Profit Margin Non-GAAP Operating Profit Margin
Net Income Non-GAAP Net Income
Diluted Earnings Per Share Non-GAAP Diluted Earnings Per Share

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
(in thousands) March 31,
2021 		December 31,
2020 		Change
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments $ 987,943  $ 913,151  $ 74,792 
Working capital $ 1,036,905  $ 990,412  $ 46,493 

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments such as money market funds and deposits held at major banks. Short-term investments consist primarily of deposits held by certain of our foreign subsidiaries with original maturities of three months to one year. The following table presents our foreign and domestic holdings of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
(in thousands, except percentages) March 31,
2021 		% of Total December 31,
2020 		% of Total
Domestic $ 662,071  67.0  $ 582,882  63.8 
Foreign 325,872  33.0  330,269  36.2 
Total $ 987,943  $ 913,151 

In general, it is our intention to permanently reinvest all earnings in excess of previously taxed amounts. Substantially all of the pre-2018 earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries were taxed through the transition tax and post-2018 current earnings are taxed as part of global intangible low-taxed income tax expense. These taxes increase our previously taxed earnings and allow for the repatriation of the majority of our foreign earnings without any residual U.S. federal tax. While we believe that the financial reporting bases may be greater than the tax bases of investments in foreign subsidiaries for any earnings in excess of previously taxed amounts, such amounts are considered permanently reinvested. The cumulative temporary difference related to such permanently reinvested earnings is approximately $87.8 million, and we would anticipate the tax effect on those earnings to be immaterial.
The amount of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments held by foreign subsidiaries is subject to translation adjustments caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates as of the end of each respective reporting period, the offset to which is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) 2021 2020 Change
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 171,107  $ 147,412  $ 23,695 

Net cash provided by operating activities increased during the first quarter due to increased net income (net of non-cash operating adjustments) of $35.7 million, partially offset by decreased net cash flows from operating assets and liabilities of $12.0 million. The growth in net cash provided by operating activities was impacted by a meaningful increase in customer receipts driven primarily by strong growth in the fourth quarter of 2020 as well as increased collections of aged accounts, partially offset by increased outflows related to operational payments and income taxes.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) 2021 2020 Change
Net cash used in investing activities $ (15,863) $ (9,599) $ (6,264)

Net cash used in investing activities increased during the first quarter due to increased acquisition-related net cash outlays of $8.4 million. We currently plan capital spending of $30.0 million to $40.0 million during fiscal year 2021 as compared to the $35.4 million that was spent in fiscal year 2020. The level of spending will depend on various factors, including the growth of the business, general economic conditions and the ongoing impact of COVID-19.
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Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) 2021 2020 Change
Net cash used in financing activities $ (74,208) $ (288,738) $ 214,530 

Net cash used in financing activities decreased during the first quarter due to decreased stock repurchases of $161.0 million and decreased principal payments on long-term debt of $75.0 million, partially offset by increased restricted stock withholding taxes paid in lieu of issued shares of $23.6 million.
Other Cash Flow Information
As of March 31, 2021, the carrying value of our term loans was $798.2 million, of which $4.7 million is due in the next twelve months.
We previously entered into noncancellable operating lease commitments, primarily for our domestic and international offices as well as certain operating equipment. The commitments related to these operating leases is $148.3 million, of which $26.6 million is due in the next twelve months.
We believe that existing cash and cash equivalent balances of $987.4 million, together with cash generated from operations and access to the $500.0 million Revolving Credit Facility, will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements through the next twelve months. We also believe that our liquidity will allow us to manage the anticipated impact of COVID-19 on our business operations for the foreseeable future. Our cash requirements in the future may also be financed through additional equity or debt financings. However, future disruptions in the capital markets could make financing more challenging, and there can be no assurance that such financing can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

Under our stock repurchase program, we repurchased shares as follows:
Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data) March 31,
2021 		March 31,
2020
Number of shares repurchased — 690 
Average price paid per share $ —  $ 233.48 
Total cost $ —  $ 161,029 

As of March 31, 2021, 2.8 million shares remained available for repurchase under the program.
The authorized repurchase program does not have an expiration date, and the pace of the repurchase activity will depend on factors such as working capital needs, cash requirements for acquisitions, our stock price, and economic and market conditions. Our stock repurchases may be effected from time to time through open market purchases or pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan.
We continue to generate positive cash flows from operating activities and believe that the best uses of our excess cash are to invest in the business; acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products, services and technologies; and make payments on our outstanding debt balances. Any future acquisitions may be funded by available cash and investments, cash generated from operations, debt financing, or the issuance of additional securities. Additionally, we have in the past, and expect in the future, to repurchase stock in order to both offset dilution and return capital, in excess of our requirements, to stockholders with the goal of increasing stockholder value.
Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any special-purpose entities or off-balance-sheet arrangements.
Contractual Obligations
There were no material changes to our significant contractual obligations during the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to those previously reported within "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our 2020 Form 10-K.
32
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
During the first quarter of 2021, we completed the annual impairment test for goodwill and the indefinite-lived intangible asset and determined that these assets had not been impaired as of the test date, January 1, 2021. No other events or circumstances changed during the three months ended March 31, 2021 that would indicate that the fair values of our reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset are below their carrying amounts.
No significant changes have occurred to our critical accounting policies and estimates as previously reported within "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our 2020 Form 10-K.





33
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk. Changes in the overall level of interest rates affect the interest income that is generated from our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and the interest expense that is generated from our outstanding borrowings. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, interest income was $0.5 million and interest expense was $3.3 million. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments such as money market funds and deposits held at major banks. Short-term investments consist primarily of deposits held by certain foreign subsidiaries with original maturities of three months to one year.
Foreign Currency Transaction Risk. As we operate in international regions, a portion of our revenue, expenses, cash, accounts receivable and payment obligations are denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in currency exchange rates will affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The currency exchange rate volatility due to COVID-19 has increased our foreign currency transaction risk.
With respect to revenue, on average for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the U.S. Dollar was approximately 6.5% weaker, when measured against our primary foreign currencies, than for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. The table below presents the net favorable impacts of currency fluctuations on revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
(in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Euro $ 6,120 
South Korean Won 1,369 
British Pound 820 
Japanese Yen 782 
Other 821 
Total $ 9,912 

The impacts from currency fluctuations resulted in increased operating income of $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020.
The most significant currency impacts on revenue and operating income are typically attributable to U.S. Dollar exchange rate changes against the Euro and Japanese Yen. Historical exchange rates for these currency pairs are reflected in the charts below:
Period-End Exchange Rates
As of EUR/USD USD/JPY
March 31, 2021 1.17  110.73 
December 31, 2020 1.22  103.27 
March 31, 2020 1.10  107.56 
Average Exchange Rates
Three Months Ended EUR/USD USD/JPY
March 31, 2021 1.21  105.91 
March 31, 2020 1.10  108.99 

No other material change has occurred in our market risk subsequent to December 31, 2020.
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Item 4.Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act, we have evaluated, with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act.
We believe, based on our knowledge, that the financial statements and other financial information included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as of and for the periods presented in this report. We are committed to both a sound internal control environment and to good corporate governance.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.
From time to time, we review the disclosure controls and procedures, and may periodically make changes to enhance their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.
Changes in Internal Control. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2021 that materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Although the majority of our employee base worked remotely, the remote work arrangements did not adversely affect our ability to maintain financial operations, including our financial reporting systems, internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures.


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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
We are subject to various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including commercial disputes, labor and employment matters, tax audits and litigations, alleged infringement of intellectual property rights and other matters. Use or distribution of our products could generate product liability, regulatory infraction, or similar claims by our customers, end users, channel partners, government entities or other third parties. Sales and marketing activities that impact processing of personal data, as well as measures taken to ensure license compliance, may also result in claims by customers and individual employees of customers. Each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties, and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could have a significant adverse effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements as well as cause reputational damage.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
We face a number of risks that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows. A discussion of our risk factors can be found in Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in our 2020 Form 10-K. No material changes have occurred to such risk factors after the filing of our 2020 Form 10-K.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.

Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

Item 5.Other Information
None.

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Item 6.Exhibits
Exhibit No. Exhibit
15
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
10.24
10.25
10.26
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
37
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
ANSYS, Inc.
Date: May 5, 2021 By:
/s/ Ajei S. Gopal
Ajei S. Gopal
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 5, 2021 By:
/s/ Nicole Anasenes
Nicole Anasenes
Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President, Finance
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
38
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