BEIJING, Aug. 21, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Zhaopin Limited
("Zhaopin" or the "Company"), a leading career platform in
China focused on matching talent
with skills and opportunities through their career lifecycle, and
the Center for China and
Globalization (CCG), a leading Chinese independent think tank based
in Beijing, jointly released the
"Report on Employment & Entrepreneurship of Chinese Returnees
2018".
With the fast pace of economic growth in China, more and more overseas Chinese students
are returning to China for career
development or starting their own businesses. More than 480,900
overseas Chinese students returned to China in 2017, bringing the total number of
returnees to over 3.13 million since 1978, according to statistics
by the Ministry of Education.
Zhaopin and CCG have been conducting their annual survey to
track the employment trends of overseas returnees since 2015. This
year's report revealed the latest development in their employment
and entrepreneurship endeavors, their choices and situations before
and after studying abroad. The report is based on 2,190 effective
survey responses from overseas returnees this year.
Highlights for employment and entrepreneurship of Chinese
returnees 2018:
- The top reasons for overseas Chinese to return to China: to reunite with family and friends
(67%); China's booming economic
growth (40%); and unfavorable overseas economic, political and
social environments, such as work and immigration policies
(27%).
- About 61% of returnees went back to their hometowns in
China. The rest relocated mainly
to developed areas, including Beijing (13%), Shanghai (8%) and Guangdong Province (7%).
- The pace of local economic growth was an important reference
for overseas returnees in their relocation decisions. While
Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong were attracting overseas returnees,
the Northeast and Western China
were losing overseas talent.
- About 65% of overseas returnees believed that the "Talent War"
waged by cities to attract talent showed that local governments
gave more importance and attention to talent, and 52% said more
policy supports were needed for overseas returnees.
- Over 72% of overseas returnees were currently employed, 5% were
starting their own businesses and 16% were still looking for
jobs.
- About 42% of overseas returnees could find jobs within one
month after they came back to China, and 41% could find employment in one to
three months.
- In terms of salary, about 33% of overseas returnees had a
pre-tax monthly salary below RMB6,000, 25% had a monthly salary of
RMB6,001 to 8,000, and 15% earned
RMB8,001 to 10,000 per month.
- About 80% of overseas returnees were not satisfied with their
salaries. Among them, 49% said their salaries were below
expectations, and 31% said their salaries were far below
expectations.
Studying overseas
More Chinese students chose to study overseas over the past
decade. The top reasons were: to learn the culture and life of
other countries and enrich personal experience (76%); to improve
independent living ability (52%); and higher education quality
abroad (51%).
Reasons for
studying overseas
|
Reason
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Learn the culture and
life of other countries and enrich personal experience
|
69%
|
81%
|
76%
|
Improve independent
living ability
|
53%
|
51%
|
52%
|
Higher education
quality abroad
|
53%
|
50%
|
51%
|
More competitive
after returning to China
|
31%
|
35%
|
33%
|
Fierce competition of
domestic education resources
|
20%
|
13%
|
17%
|
Plan to develop
overseas
|
8%
|
6%
|
7%
|
Other
|
1%
|
2%
|
2%
|
UK, US, Australia, Japan and South
Korea were the top five destinations that attracted the most
Chinese students.
Destinations for
overseas study
|
Country/region
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
UK
|
15.35%
|
22.46%
|
19.14%
|
US
|
21.23%
|
15.18%
|
18.01%
|
Australia
|
11.33%
|
9.16%
|
10.17%
|
Japan
|
10.19%
|
9.91%
|
10.04%
|
South
Korea
|
8.90%
|
8.78%
|
8.84%
|
Canada
|
5.16%
|
4.02%
|
4.55%
|
France
|
3.30%
|
5.52%
|
4.48%
|
Germany
|
3.44%
|
2.38%
|
2.88%
|
Russia
|
3.01%
|
2.38%
|
2.68%
|
New
Zealand
|
1.58%
|
2.51%
|
2.07%
|
Hong Kong
|
1.29%
|
1.88%
|
1.61%
|
Netherlands
|
0.57%
|
0.75%
|
0.67%
|
Macao
|
0.57%
|
0.38%
|
0.47%
|
Sweden
|
0.43%
|
0.38%
|
0.40%
|
Taiwan
|
0.29%
|
0.38%
|
0.33%
|
Others
|
13.34%
|
13.93%
|
13.65%
|
Regarding majors chosen by Chinese students, 43% studied
economics and business, 14% selected arts and humanities, and 10%
engineering.
Top ten majors
selected by Chinese students
|
Major
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Economics and
business
|
44.05%
|
42.66%
|
43.31%
|
Arts and
humanities
|
7.46%
|
19.70%
|
13.99%
|
Engineering
|
15.21%
|
4.64%
|
9.57%
|
Computer
science
|
9.76%
|
1.38%
|
5.29%
|
Management
|
3.01%
|
6.78%
|
5.02%
|
Social Sciences and
public health
|
3.16%
|
5.14%
|
4.22%
|
linguistics
|
2.30%
|
4.77%
|
3.61%
|
Environment /
ecology
|
2.58%
|
1.13%
|
1.81%
|
Journalism and
communication
|
0.57%
|
1.88%
|
1.27%
|
Chemistry
|
1.72%
|
0.88%
|
1.27%
|
As to the highest degree obtained overseas, about 56% of Chinese
students got master's degrees and 38% got bachelor's degrees. An
increasing number of students chose to study overseas for
bachelor's degrees.
Degrees obtained
overseas
|
Degree
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
High
school
|
0.43%
|
0.00%
|
0.20%
|
Associate
|
1.58%
|
1.88%
|
1.74%
|
Bachelor
|
40.17%
|
35.63%
|
37.75%
|
Master
|
51.51%
|
59.10%
|
55.56%
|
Doctor
|
3.87%
|
1.25%
|
2.48%
|
Others
|
2.44%
|
2.13%
|
2.28%
|
Returning to China
The top reasons for overseas Chinese to return to China were: to reunite with family and friends
(67%); China's booming economic
growth (40%); and unfavorable overseas economic, political and
social environments, such as work and immigration policies
(27%).
Reasons for
returning to China
|
Reason
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Reunite with family
and friends
|
58%
|
75%
|
67%
|
China's booming
economic growth
|
47%
|
35%
|
40%
|
Unfavorable overseas
economic, political and social environments (such as work and
immigration policies)
|
24%
|
29%
|
27%
|
Attached to Chinese
culture and food
|
19%
|
27%
|
23%
|
Studied major has a
good development prospect in China
|
17%
|
12%
|
14%
|
Has solid foundation
for development in China
|
12%
|
14%
|
13%
|
Willing to contribute
to the country
|
17%
|
8%
|
12%
|
Attractive policy for
recruiting talent
|
14%
|
9%
|
12%
|
Good environment for
entrepreneurship
|
10%
|
8%
|
9%
|
Others
|
1%
|
1%
|
1%
|
About 61% of returnees went back to their hometowns in
China. The rest relocated mainly
to developed areas, including Beijing (13%), Shanghai (8%) and Guangdong Province (7%). The pace of local
economic growth was an important reference for overseas returnees
in their relocation decisions. While Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong were attracting overseas returnees,
the Northeast and Western China
were losing overseas talent.
Relocation
destinations for returnees
|
Location
|
Overall
|
Hometown
|
60.78%
|
Beijing
|
13.32%
|
Shanghai
|
8.43%
|
Guangdong
|
6.96%
|
Zhejiang
|
1.47%
|
Jiangsu
|
1.47%
|
Sichuan
|
1.27%
|
Shaanxi
|
1.00%
|
In terms of overseas work experience, only 30% had no work
experience. About 23% returned to China with 1 to 3 years of experience and more
than 15% had over 3 years of experience.
Overseas work
experience
|
Experience
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
No
experience
|
28.98%
|
31.62%
|
30.39%
|
Less than half
year
|
14.35%
|
14.30%
|
14.32%
|
Half to one
year
|
18.22%
|
16.06%
|
17.07%
|
1 to 3
years
|
23.10%
|
22.96%
|
23.03%
|
3 to 6
years
|
10.47%
|
10.54%
|
10.51%
|
Over 6
years
|
4.88%
|
4.52%
|
4.69%
|
Most Chinese returnees had no overseas entrepreneurship
experience. Only 4% had successful entrepreneurship experience.
Overseas
entrepreneurship experience
|
Experience
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
No
experience
|
79.05%
|
89.08%
|
84.40%
|
Failed
experience
|
14.92%
|
8.53%
|
11.51%
|
Successful
experience
|
6.03%
|
2.38%
|
4.08%
|
In recent years, a "Talent War" was waged in some cities to help
attract talent with favorable policies. About 65% of overseas
returnees believed that the "Talent War" showed that local
governments gave more importance and attention on talent, and 52%
said more policy supports were needed for overseas returnees.
Opinions on Tatent
War among cities
|
Opinion
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Such policies to
attract talent show the increasing importance and attention giving
to talent
|
64%
|
66%
|
65%
|
More policy supports
needed for overseas returnees
|
52%
|
51%
|
52%
|
Such policies have
impact on city choice for employment and
entrepreneurship
|
34%
|
36%
|
35%
|
Need longer time to
see the effectiveness of such policies
|
32%
|
31%
|
31%
|
Others
|
2%
|
2%
|
2%
|
Regarding which incentive policies were needed to attract
overseas returnees, top choices included: raising salaries and
benefits (65%), improving employment mechanisms for returnees
(57%), and providing household registration and housing (36%).
Suggested policies
to attract overseas returnees
|
Policy
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Raise salaries and
benefits
|
66%
|
64%
|
65%
|
Improve employment
mechanism
|
53%
|
60%
|
57%
|
Provide household
registration and housing
|
37%
|
35%
|
36%
|
Provide
entrepreneurship mentoring
|
25%
|
28%
|
27%
|
Establish platform
for communications
|
18%
|
19%
|
18%
|
Provide career
development advice
|
12%
|
15%
|
14%
|
Promote the
government's incentive policies
|
10%
|
13%
|
12%
|
Increase R&D
investment
|
11%
|
10%
|
11%
|
Reward returnees who
make great contributions
|
11%
|
10%
|
11%
|
Strengthen IPR
protection
|
9%
|
7%
|
8%
|
Create sound
environment governing by law
|
6%
|
8%
|
7%
|
Provide social
inclusion support
|
6%
|
4%
|
5%
|
Improve system for
technology conversion
|
6%
|
3%
|
4%
|
Others
|
1%
|
0%
|
0%
|
Employment for returnees
According to the survey, about 72% of overseas returnees were
currently employed, 5% were starting their own businesses and 16%
were looking for jobs.
Employment status
of overseas returnees
|
Status
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Employed
|
71.77%
|
72.60%
|
72.16%
|
Seeking
jobs
|
18.57%
|
13.92%
|
16.40%
|
Starting own
business
|
3.51%
|
6.17%
|
4.75%
|
Others
|
6.15%
|
7.31%
|
6.69%
|
When seeking employment in China, overseas returnees believes they had
advantages in: language and cross-culture communications; global
perspective; more adaptable and independent; and critical thinking
capability.
Advantages in
seeking employment
|
Advantage
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Language and
cross-culture communications
|
71%
|
74%
|
73%
|
Global
perspective
|
60%
|
58%
|
59%
|
More adaptable and
independent
|
33%
|
40%
|
37%
|
Critical thinking
capability
|
25%
|
25%
|
25%
|
Understand overseas
market and can help build up brand and sales channels
overseas
|
15%
|
17%
|
16%
|
More
innovative
|
17%
|
14%
|
16%
|
Strong social
interaction skills
|
13%
|
13%
|
13%
|
International
cooperation
|
12%
|
11%
|
12%
|
Professional
advantage
|
11%
|
11%
|
11%
|
Help to improve
working ability
|
5%
|
8%
|
6%
|
Contribute to job
promotion
|
4%
|
3%
|
3%
|
Easy to learn
overseas technology
|
3%
|
3%
|
3%
|
Easy to hire overseas
R&D talent and partner
|
2%
|
2%
|
2%
|
Easy to get overseas
VC
|
1%
|
0%
|
0%
|
When looking for jobs, 49% of returnees applied through
recruitment websites and APPs, 22% sent resumes directly to their
target companies, and 19% relied on recommendations from their
families and friends.
Job-seeking
channels
|
Channel
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Recruitment websites
and APPs
|
44.27%
|
53.15%
|
48.98%
|
Applying directly to
target companies
|
26.68%
|
17.66%
|
21.89%
|
Recommendations by
families and friends
|
17.59%
|
20.28%
|
19.02%
|
Headhunters and HR
intermediaries
|
4.35%
|
3.50%
|
3.90%
|
Offline job
fairs
|
2.57%
|
1.05%
|
1.76%
|
Social media
postings
|
1.38%
|
1.57%
|
1.48%
|
Overseas recruitment
activities by government and companies
|
1.19%
|
1.57%
|
1.39%
|
Others
|
1.19%
|
0.87%
|
1.02%
|
Civil service
examination and other government channels
|
0.79%
|
0.35%
|
0.56%
|
About 42% of overseas returnees could find jobs within one month
after they came back to China, and
41% could find employment in one to three months.
Time needed to
find employment
|
Time
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Within 1
month
|
42.69%
|
40.91%
|
41.74%
|
1 to 3
months
|
40.12%
|
41.61%
|
40.91%
|
4 to 6
months
|
12.45%
|
12.76%
|
12.62%
|
7 to 12
months
|
2.17%
|
3.32%
|
2.78%
|
Over 1
years
|
2.57%
|
1.40%
|
1.95%
|
Top industries that hired overseas returnees included finance,
communications, software and IT services, manufacturing, education,
and wholesale and retail.
Top ten industries
for overseas returnees
|
Industry
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Finance
|
16.80%
|
11.71%
|
14.10%
|
Communications,
software and IT services
|
12.65%
|
13.81%
|
13.27%
|
Manufacturing
|
14.82%
|
9.27%
|
11.87%
|
Education
|
6.92%
|
15.21%
|
11.32%
|
Wholesale and
retail
|
7.31%
|
8.04%
|
7.70%
|
Culture, sports and
entertainment
|
4.15%
|
10.31%
|
7.42%
|
Leasing and business
services
|
5.53%
|
6.82%
|
6.22%
|
R&D and
technology services
|
5.53%
|
3.85%
|
4.64%
|
Real
estate
|
5.34%
|
3.67%
|
4.45%
|
Construction
|
4.94%
|
2.80%
|
3.80%
|
In terms of salary, about 33% of overseas returnees had a
pre-tax monthly salary below RMB6,000, 25% had a monthly salary of
RMB6,001 to 8,000, and 15% earned
RMB8,001 to 10,000 per month.
Salaries for
overseas returnees
|
Pre-tax salary
(RMB)
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Below
6,000
|
31.42%
|
34.62%
|
33.12%
|
6,001 to
8,000
|
23.12%
|
26.05%
|
24.68%
|
8,001 to
10,000
|
19.37%
|
11.36%
|
15.12%
|
10,001 to
15,000
|
14.43%
|
14.86%
|
14.66%
|
15,001 to
20,000
|
6.32%
|
6.64%
|
6.49%
|
20,001 to
30,000
|
3.56%
|
3.50%
|
3.53%
|
30,001 to
50,000
|
1.19%
|
1.57%
|
1.39%
|
Above
50,000
|
0.59%
|
1.40%
|
1.02%
|
About 80% of overseas returnees were not satisfied with their
salaries. Among them, 49% said their salaries were below
expectations, and 31% said their salaries were far below
expectations.
Salary and
expectation for overseas returnees
|
Comparison
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Salary far below
expectation
|
31.42%
|
31.29%
|
31.35%
|
Salary below
expectation
|
49.60%
|
48.08%
|
48.79%
|
Salary matches
expectation
|
18.18%
|
19.41%
|
18.83%
|
Salary above
expectation
|
0.59%
|
1.05%
|
0.83%
|
Salary far above
expectation
|
0.20%
|
0.17%
|
0.19%
|
Entrepreneurship for returnees
Among those returnees who started their own businesses, nearly
half did so in 2017, compared with 18% in 2016 and 9% in 2015.
Time to start own
business
|
Time
|
Percentage
|
Before
2015
|
25.35%
|
2015
|
8.45%
|
2016
|
18.31%
|
2017
|
47.89%
|
The top five industries that overseas returnees chose to start
businesses were communications, software and IT services, wholesale
and retail, education, manufacturing, and leasing and business
services.
Top five
industries to start own business
|
Industry
|
Percentage
|
Communications,
software and IT services
|
16.90%
|
Wholesale and
retail
|
15.49%
|
Education
|
11.27%
|
Manufacturing
|
8.45%
|
Leasing and business
services
|
8.45%
|
For their entrepreneurship endeavors, the supports they needed
were: market development (41%); favorable environment for
entrepreneurship (35%); financial services (34%); and
entrepreneurship mentoring (25%).
Supports needed
for entrepreneurship
|
Support
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
Market
development
|
33%
|
54%
|
41%
|
Favorable environment
for entrepreneurship
|
37%
|
32%
|
35%
|
Financial
services
|
37%
|
29%
|
34%
|
Entrepreneurship
mentoring
|
21%
|
32%
|
25%
|
HR
services
|
23%
|
14%
|
20%
|
Patent
protection
|
19%
|
11%
|
15%
|
R&D
|
7%
|
25%
|
14%
|
Legal
support
|
12%
|
11%
|
11%
|
Management consulting
services
|
5%
|
14%
|
8%
|
Tax
incentives
|
12%
|
4%
|
8%
|
Technology
transfer
|
9%
|
4%
|
7%
|
Other supporting
policies
|
5%
|
0%
|
3%
|
The challenges these entrepreneurs were facing included: high
operation cost (56%); unfamiliarity with domestic market (38%); and
difficulty raising capital (37%).
Challenges for
entrepreneurship
|
Challenge
|
Male
|
Female
|
Overall
|
High operation
cost
|
44%
|
75%
|
56%
|
Unfamiliarity with
domestic market
|
35%
|
43%
|
38%
|
Difficulty raising
capital
|
40%
|
32%
|
37%
|
Related
entrepreneurial services not in place
|
28%
|
25%
|
27%
|
Government related
policies not complete
|
21%
|
21%
|
21%
|
Difficult for
technology conversion
|
14%
|
11%
|
13%
|
Not supported by
domestic R&D
|
12%
|
4%
|
8%
|
Difficult for
international expansion
|
7%
|
4%
|
6%
|
Others
|
2%
|
0%
|
1%
|
Overseas.zhaopin.com is Zhaopin's overseas talent recruitment
business, helping bridge China's
companies with overseas talent through online recruitment, campus
activities and job fairs. Overseas.zhaopin.com has accumulated deep
understanding of local company overseas recruiting demand, and
helps overseas returnees identify
suitable career development path. It is also a member of The
Network, the world's largest online recruitment alliance, which
covers 138 countries with 59 HR service providers and over 356
million resumes.
For more information, please contact:
Zhaopin Limited
Ms. Serena Sun
roujia.sun@zhaopin.com.cn
ICR Beijing
Mr. Edmond Lococo
Phone: +86 10 6583-7510
Edmond.Lococo@icrinc.com
View original
content:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/overseas-returnees-to-china-have-bright-prospects-for-employment-and-entrepreneurship-report-by-zhaopin-and-ccg-finds-300699890.html
SOURCE Zhaopin Limited