Global Carbon and Graphite Industry

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Global Carbon and Graphite Industry

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This report analyzes the worldwide markets for Carbon and Graphite in US$ Million by the following Product Segments: Carbon & Graphite Electrodes (Carbon Electrodes, & Graphite Electrodes), and Other Carbon & Graphite Products (C&G Automotive Brushes, C&G Industrial Brushes & Contacts, C&G Brush Plates, C&G Fibers, C&G Products For Electrical Uses, C&G Products For Mechanical Uses, C&G Products For Aerospace Uses, and C&G Products For Other Uses). The report provides separate comprehensive analytics for the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Rest of World. Annual estimates and forecasts are provided for the period 2010 through 2018. Also, a six-year historic analysis is provided for these markets. The report profiles 202 companies including many key and niche players such as Cabot Corporation, Mersen, GrafTech International Ltd., HEG Ltd., Hexcel Corporation, Mitsubishi Rayon Co. Ltd., Grafil, Inc., Morgan Crucible Company Plc, Morgan AM&T, Nippon Carbon Co Ltd., Orion Engineered Carbons LLC, SGL Carbon SE, Showa Denko K.K, Showa Denko Carbon Inc., Superior Graphite Co., Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., Toho Tenax America, Inc., Tokai Carbon Co Ltd., Toray Industries, Inc., and Zoltek Companies, Inc. Market data and analytics are derived from primary and secondary research. Company profiles are primarily based upon search engine sources in the public domain.

I. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & PRODUCT DEFINITIONS

Study Reliability and Reporting Limitations I-1

Disclaimers I-2

Data Interpretation & Reporting Level I-2

Quantitative Techniques & Analytics I-3

Product Definitions and Scope of Study I-3

Carbon & Graphite Electrodes I-4

Carbon Electrodes I-4

Graphite Electrodes I-4

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW II-1

Introduction II-1

Market Snapshots II-1

Current and Future Analysis II-2

Regional Market Analysis II-2

Segmental Analysis II-2

C&G Automotive Brushes II-2

C&G Industrial Brushes and Contacts II-2

C&G Brush Plates II-2

C&G Fibers II-3

C&G Products for Electrical Uses II-3

C&G Products for Mechanical Uses II-3

The Global Carbon and Graphite Market In and Out of Recession II-3

Graphite Demand Shoots Up Post Recession II-4

Carbon and Graphite Market Prospects Heavily Tied to End-Use

Industries II-4

Table 1: Leading Industrial End-Use Markets for Graphite

(2011): Percentage Share Breakdown by Foundry Applications &

Steelmaking; Refractory & Crucibles; Brake Linings;

Lubricants and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-5

Performance of Carbon and Graphite Industries in the Past II-5

The Global Graphite Market II-5

Asia-Pacific - the Global Graphite Hub II-6

China - the Natural Graphite Game Changer II-6

Table 2: Global Natural Graphite Market (2011): Breakdown of

Volume Mine Production by Major Producing Countries (In

Thousand Metric Tons) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-7

Table 3: World Natural Graphite Reserves (2011): Percentage

Breakdown of Reserves in Tons by Major Regions- China,

India, Mexico, Madagascar, Brazil and Others (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-7

Table 4: Top Natural Graphite Producers Worldwide - Ranked

by Annual Production Capacity in Thousand Tons for 2011 II-8

Li-ion Technology to Spear Head Growth for Natural Graphite II-8

Graphite Electrodes Growth Largely Dependent on the Steel

Industry II-9

Short Supply of Graphite in Future ? - A Pertinent Question II-9

Growing Domestic Demand for Natural Graphite in China II-10

Graphite Prices on the Rise due to Supply Side Constraints II-10

Table 5: 2012 (April) Prices of Common Natural Graphite

Varieties II-11

Other Key Graphite Statistics II-11

Table 6: Worldwide Isostatic Graphite Demand (2010):

Breakdown of Percentage Demand by Geographic Region - Asia,

Europe, North America and Rest of World (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-11

Table 7: Global Manufacturers of Isostatic Graphite -

Companies Ranked by Annual Production Capacities (MT) in 2011

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-11

Carbon Black Market to Reap Major Gains from Tire Sector II-12

Table 8: World Carbon Black Market (2011): Percentage Share

Breakdown by Key End-Use Segments - Tire /Tire Components;

Non-tire Rubber Products and Others (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-12

Carbon Black Market - Mainstay of Developing Economies In Asia II-12

Table 9: Global Carbon Black Consumption (2011): Percentage

Share Breakdown by Geographic Region - China, US, Western

Europe, Japan, India, Rep. of Korea, Brazil, Russia,

Thailand, and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-13

Shift towards Asian Countries II-13

Developed Regions Exhibit Grim Outlook II-13

Major End-Use Industries II-14

Raw-Material Intensive II-14

Demand to Increase in Specialized End-Use Segments II-14

Special Blacks to Advance Rapidly II-14

Competition II-15

Table 10: Leading Carbon Black Producers Worldwide -

Companies Ranked on the Basis of Carbon Black Production

Capacity in 2009 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-15

Global Carbon Fiber Market II-15

Demand for Carbon Fiber Soars II-15

Evolution of Carbon Fiber Applications over the Past Four

Decades II-16

Increasing Demand for Light Weight Vehicles Push Demand For

Carbon Fiber II-16

The Dominance of Japan and US in the Carbon Fiber Market II-16

Table 11: Global Carbon Fiber Production (2010): Percentage

Share Breakdown by Geographic Region - Western Europe,

North America, Japan, Asia-Pacific (Excluding Japan) and

Rest of World (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-17

Key Carbon Fiber Players Boosting Production Capacity II-17

Table 12: Leading Carbon Fiber Suppliers Worldwide (2011):

Percentage Share Breakdown by Toray, Toho Tenax, Zoltek,

Mitsubishi Rayon and Others (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-18

Table 13: Carbon Fiber Production Capacities of Leading

Global Producers as in 2009 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-18

Global Activated Carbon Market II-18

Table 14: Global Activated Carbon Production (2008):

Percentage Breakdown in Volume Terms by Geographic

Region/Country - China, US and Others (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-19

Global Carbon Credit and Emissions Market II-19

All-time Low Carbon Prices Shrink Value Trade in 2011 II-19

Challenges Loom over Carbon Trading Market II-19

Impact of the Recent Recession on the Market II-20

Regulatory Environment II-20

Kyoto Protocol-A Initiative to Minimize the Impact of Carbon

Emissions on Environment II-20

2. TRENDS & ISSUES II-21

Environmental Applications Spur Growth II-21

Shift towards Granular Activated Carbon II-21

Highly Pure Form of Graphite Gaining Prominence II-21

Novel Purification Techniques and Processing Procedures Boost

Natural Graphite Applications II-21

New Developmental Applications Drive the Market for Heavy-Tow

Carbon Fibers II-21

Advanced Applications Drive Growth II-22

Fuel Cells - Offering High Growth Potential II-22

Pressure from Environmental Groups II-22

Graphite Electrode Pricing Trends II-22

3. PRODUCT OVERVIEW II-23

Carbon II-23

Properties and Isotopes of Carbon II-23

Carbon Compounds II-23

Carbon Crystallized from Gas-Fired Process II-23

Carbon: Serving the Requirements of Varied Industries II-24

Electrical Use of Carbon II-24

High-Performance Fibers II-24

Carbon Fibers II-24

Properties II-25

Used with Resins II-25

Production II-25

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-Based Carbon Fibers II-25

Oxidative stabilization II-25

Carbonization II-25

Graphitization II-26

Rayon-Based Carbon Fibers II-26

Production Stages II-26

Pitch-Based Carbon Fibers II-26

Production Stages II-26

Classification of Carbon Fibers II-27

Classification based on properties of carbon fiber: II-27

Classification based on precursor fiber materials: II-27

Classification based on heat treatment temperature: II-27

Applications of Carbon Fiber II-27

Emerging Applications of Pitch-Based Carbon Fibers II-28

PAN-Based Carbon Fiber: Steady End-Use Demand II-28

Carbon/Carbon Composites: A Part of Carbon Fiber II-28

Manufacturing Process II-28

Carbon/Carbon Composites Extended Applications II-29

Chemical Properties of Carbon/Carbon Composites II-29

Carbon Matrix Composites (CMC) II-29

End-Uses II-29

Ballistic Protection Cars II-29

Brake Discs II-30

Engineered Items II-30

Body Armour II-30

Merits of Automotive CMC II-30

Carbon & Graphite Brushes II-30

Carbon Brushes II-30

Carbon and Carbon-Graphite Brushes II-31

Electro-Graphitic Brushes II-31

Natural Graphite Brushes II-31

Properties and Applications of Brushes by Type II-31

Industry-Wide Applications of Carbon Products II-32

Carbon Black II-33

Historic Perspective II-33

Types of Carbon Black II-33

Characterization of Carbon Black II-33

Graphite II-34

Physical Features II-34

Applications/Uses II-35

Graphite: One of the Three Forms of Carbon II-35

Open Pits and Underground Mines Sources of Graphite II-35

End-Use Applications of Graphite II-36

Energy Applications of Graphite II-36

Expandable Graphite Applications II-36

Classification of Graphite II-37

Impervious Carbon and Graphite II-37

Resin Impregnates Used in Impervious Graphite II-37

Applications of Impervious Graphite II-37

Artificial Graphite II-38

Beneficiation Process II-38

Fullerenes II-38

Advanced Synthetic Graphite Products II-38

Primary Products II-39

Machined Specialty Products II-39

Grades of Synthetic Graphite II-39

ATJ II-39

PGW and PGX II-39

CS and SLX II-39

Expandable or Flexible Graphite II-39

Application in Fire Retardants II-39

Natural Graphite II-40

End-uses of Graphite Specialties II-40

Graphite Recycling II-40

Graphalloy Contacts II-40

Applications of Carbon & Graphite II-41

Unique Characteristics of Carbon-Graphite Composites II-42

4. PRODUCT SEGMENT ANALYSIS II-43

Carbon and Graphite Electrodes II-43

Carbon Electrodes II-43

Carbon Electrodes Applications II-43

Graphite Electrodes II-44

Table 15: Standard Properties of Graphite Electrodes (Values

taken at room temperature) II-44

Graphite Electrodes Primarily Used in Steel Industry II-44

Electric Arc Furnace II-45

Application in Fuel Cells II-45

Basic Components of Fuel Cells Stack II-45

Grades of Graphite Electrodes II-45

Production Process of Graphite Electrodes II-45

Forming: II-46

Baking: II-46

Impregnation: II-46

Rebaking: II-46

Graphitizing: II-46

Machining: II-46

Other Carbon and Graphite Products II-46

Automotive Brushes Lose Sheen with Increasing Adoption of

Brushless Motors II-47

Mechanical and Electrical Carbon and Graphite Product Clientele II-48

5. AN OVERVIEW OF END-USE APPLICATIONS II-49

Carbon and Graphite: Varied Applications II-49

Industrial End Uses II-49

End Use Industries II-49

Table 16: World Carbon Black Market (2011): Percentage Share

Breakdown of End-Use - Tires, Rubber Products, Plastics,

Ink, Paints & Coatings and Other Applications (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-50

Table 17: World Specialty Graphite Market (2011): Percentage

Share Breakdown by End-Use Industry - Semiconductor, Tool

Manufacturing, Metals, High Temperature Processes,

Chemicals, Automotive and Others (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-50

Refractories II-50

Special Refractories II-51

Semiconductor Industry II-51

Aluminum Extrusion and Casting II-51

Aluminum Production Scenario II-51

Aerospace Industry II-52

Industry Structure and Organization II-52

Aerobatics and Aircraft Design: A Brief Preview II-52

Chemical Industry II-53

Glass Industry II-53

Ferrous and Non Ferrous Foundries II-53

Nuclear Industry II-53

Fused Quartz, Silica and Borosilicate Glass Industry II-53

Electrical Rotating Machinery II-54

High Temperature Furnaces II-54

Heat Loss in Furnaces II-54

Machining Capabilities II-54

Sporting Goods Industry II-55

Carbon Fibers in In-line Skates II-55

Technology in Tennis II-55

Graphite Being Used to Manufacture Racquets II-55

Graphite Composites in Hockey Sticks II-55

New Sporting Products Using Carbon II-55

Two-Piece Golf Balls & Graphite Shafts II-56

Automotive Industry II-56

Increasing Globalization in the Auto Industry II-56

Environmental Friendly Vehicles: Future Generation Vehicles II-56

Rubber Industry II-56

Synthetic Rubber Types II-57

Steel Industry II-57

Iron and Steel II-57

Categorization of Steel Industry II-57

Primary Steel Producers: Target Volume Purchasers II-58

Intermediate Steel Producers: Serve as Outsource Processors II-58

Specialized Service Centers: Focus on Value-Added Products II-58

General Service Centers: Warehousers & Distributors II-58

Friction Materials II-58

Metal Forming II-58

Powder Metal II-58

Scenario In Steel Industry II-59

Carbon Steel II-59

Pencil Industry II-59

Trends in the Industry II-59

Blurring of Categories and Customers II-59

Writing and Marking Instruments: Key Segment in the Office

Supplies Market II-60

Characteristic Features of the Office Supplies Market: II-60

Multiple Choices II-60

Silicon Industry II-60

Submerged Arc Furnace II-60

Industrial Electrochemical Application II-60

Construction Industry II-61

Use in Concrete II-61

Lubricant Industry II-61

Diamond and Graphite: A Comparison II-61

Morphological Differences: II-61

6. PRODUCT INTRODUCTIONS/INNOVATIONS II-62

Kemrock Industries Launches JAITEC Brand Industrial Grade

Carbon Products II-62

Showa Denko Introduces a New Grade of Graphite II-62

Metallized Carbon Introduces M-400 and M-106 Carbon-Graphite

Materials II-62

China Carbon Graphite Group Introduces Fine Grain Graphite Rods II-62

Showa Denko Unveils New Carbon Separators II-63

Kaneka Introduces Graphite Sheet with High Thermal Conductivity II-63

7. RECENT INDUSTRY ACTIVITY II-64

Global Metals Exploration to Take Over Hatua Resources II-64

Cabot Corporation to Take Over Activated Carbon Supplier Norit

N.V II-64

Bolero Resources to Take Over Asbury Mining Graphite Mine from

Uragold Bay Resources II-65

Bravura Ventures Acquires Graphite Properties in Canada II-65

Shield Gold to Take Over Multiple Mining Claims in Canada II-65

New Destiny Mining to Take Over Three Graphite Properties in

Canada II-65

Galaxy Capital Takes Over Laurier Graphite Property in Canada II-65

Cavan Ventures Takes Over Two Graphite Projects in Canada II-66

Standard Graphite Inks Definitive Agreement to Take Over

Mousseau East Deposit Resource II-66

Terra Firma Resources Inks Mineral Property Option Agreement

with Standard Graphite II-66

Galaxy Capital Inks Agreement to Snap Up Sun Graphite Property

in Canada II-66

Big North Capital Inks Agreement to Acquire Brougham and

Griffith Graphite Properties II-67

Olympic Resources and Zimtu Capital Ink Agreement II-67

SGL Group to Take Over Majority Interest in Fibras Sintéticas

de Portugal from Negofor II-67

Toray Industries Acquires Société des Fibres de Carbone from

Arkema II-67

Velocity Minerals to Take Over Three Graphite Properties in

Canada II-68

SGL Inks Long-Term Graphite Electrode Supply Agreement with

ArcelorMittal II-68

Zoltek Collaborates with Magna Exteriors and Interiors to

Produce EpicBlendSMC EB CFS-Z II-68

The Linde Group Selects SGL Group as an Exclusive Carbon Supplier II-68

Showa Denko Inks Agreement to Acquire Stake in Sinosteel Sichuan II-69

Government of Tamilnadu Inks MoUs with Phillips Carbon Black II-69

Cabot Corp and Risun Chemicals Company to Build New Carbon

Black Plant in China II-69

Cabot Corporation to Set Up a Carbon Black JV with Risun

Chemicals in China II-69

The Morgan Crucible Company Acquires Changsha Hairong New

Materials II-70

GrafTech International Takes Over Fiber Materials II-70

Orocan Resource to Acquire Graphite Properties in Quebec, Canada II-70

MEGA Graphite and Chotanagpur Graphite Industries to Establish

a JV II-70

Toray Industries and Daimler to Form Joint Venture II-71

POSCO Group and Tokai Carbon to Enter into Production and

Sales Joint Venture II-71

SGL Group Inks Contract with a Chinese Silicon Company II-72

Toray Industries Collaborates with Toray Advanced Materials Korea II-72

Toray to Continue Expansion of Production Plant for Carbon

Fiber at Ehime Facility II-72

Showa Denko Group to Commence Volume Production of SDXTM

Carbon-Coated Aluminum Foils II-73

Taekwang Industrial to Commence Carbon Fiber Production II-73

General Motors to Collaborate with Teijin II-73

Teijin to Establish Pilot Production Facility for CFRTP

Components in Japan II-74

Showa Denko to Increase Graphite Electrode Production Capacity II-74

China Carbon Graphite Group Establishes New Graphite Electrode

Production Plant II-74

Cabot Procures Order for Emperor® 1800 Carbon Black Pigment

from Halsan Paint & Color II-75

Cabot to Expand Global Carbon Black Manufacturing Capacity II-75

HEG to Invest in Increasing Production Capacity of Graphite Plant II-76

Sanxi Sanjia Group to Build New Carbon Electrode Plant II-76

SGL Group Bags Contract from The Carbon Company II-76

Showa Denko to Increase Graphite Electrode Manufacturing Capacity II-76

Shanxi Jinghua Carbon to Invest in UHP Graphite Electrode Project II-77

Evonik Industries Divests Carbon Black Business to Rhône

Capital and Triton Partners II-77

8. CORPORATE ACTIVITY IN THE RECENT PAST - A PERSPECTIVE BUILDER II-78

Calgon Carbon to Take Over Calgon Mitsubishi Chemical II-78

GrafTech International Acquires Micron Research II-78

Aditya Birla Group Acquires Minority Stake in Alexandria

Carbon Black Company II-78

Showa Denko Establishes VGCFTM-X Facility II-78

Toray Industries and EADS Ink Supply Agreement for Carbon

Fiber Prepreg II-79

Woongjin Chemical to Establish Carbon Fiber Production Line II-79

Extrativa and Graphit Kropfmuehl to Set Up Natural Graphite JV

in Brazil II-79

C/G Electrodes Selects Infor ERP SyteLine and Advanced

Planning and Scheduling Module from Infor II-80

Toho Tenax Introduces Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) Utilizing

Carbon Fiber Fabric for Fuel Cells II-80

GrafTech International Acquires C/G Electrodes and Seadrift Coke II-80

BMW Enters Into Joint Venture with SGL II-81

Graphit Kropfmuhl Enters into Joint Venture with Extrativa II-81

Cytec Engineered Materials and Mitsubishi Rayon Enter into

Collaboration II-81

China Carbon Signs LoI to Purchase Chiyu Carbon Graphite Limited II-81

Calgon Carbon Obtains Four FLUEPAC Activated Carbon Contracts II-81

Hanfeng Evergreen to be Exclusive China Distributor for

CarbonPower II-82

Carbone Lorraine Group Obtains Contract for Seawater Filters

from the State Government of Victoria II-82

Carbone Lorraine Takes Over Calcarb II-82

Helwig Carbon Acquire Electrical Carbon Operation of SGL Carbon II-82

Trading Emissions to Collaborate with Leaf Clean Energy II-83

Zoltek Inks Agreement with Global Blade Technologies II-83

Industrial Technology Research Institute Enters into

Partnership with Spirit Aero Systems II-83

Origin Energy Enters Into Agreement with Carbon Conscious II-83

Graphite Sales and Superior Graphite Enter into Joint Venture II-83

Cabot Expands Production Capacity II-83

Brembo Signs Joint Venture Agreement with SGL Group II-84

HTC Purenergy Acquires Carbon Rx II-84

HRE Performance Wheels Inks Partnership Agreement with Dymag

Racing II-84

SGL Group to Manufacture Specialty Carbon Products II-85

Goltens Dubai Inks Memorandum of Understanding with Brodrene II-85

GrafTech International Receives License from Touchstone

Research for Carbon Foam Tooling Patents II-85

SKion Takes Over Equity Interest in SGL Carbon SE II-85

AMG Invest Takes Over Outstanding Interest in Graphit Kropfmühl II-85

GS Caltex Enters into Joint Venture with Nippon Oil to

Establish Carbon Plant II-85

Hyperion Catalysis International Inks Supply and Licensing

Agreement with Showa Denko II-86

Metals USA Holdings Acquires VR Laser II-86

SGL to Construct Production Facility for Specialty Carbon

Products II-86

Nippon Graphite Fiber to Complete Installation of Novel

Manufacturing Line for Pitch-Based Carbon Fibers II-86

ADA-ES Names Crowfoot Development as ADA Carbon Solutions II-86

Bayer MaterialScience to Establish Production Facility for

Carbon Nanotubes II-87

Airbus Signs Contract with Chinese Partners to Create JV for

A350 and A320 Aircrraft II-87

Awabi Acquires CarbonDesk II-87

Showa Denko Produces VGCFTM-X- a Novel Grade of Carbon Nanotube II-87

Iran Constructs First Carbon-Silicium Manufacturing Facility

in Middle East II-87

C-Lock Technology Takes Over Carbon Credit II-88

Mozambican Province Signs MoU with Timcal Graphite to Resume

Graphite Production II-88

Mitsubishi Rayon Establishes MITSUBISHI RAYON II-88

Benteler-SGL-Automotive-Composite Takes Over Fischer Composite II-88

HITCO Carbon Composite Enters into Strategic Agreement with

Denel Saab II-89

9. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS II-90

Cabot Corporation (US) II-90

Mersen (France) II-90

GrafTech International Ltd. (US) II-91

HEG Ltd. (India) II-92

Hexcel Corporation (US) II-92

Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. (Japan) II-92

Grafil, Inc. (US) II-92

Morgan Crucible Company Plc (UK) II-93

Morgan AM&T (Australia) II-93

Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd. (Japan) II-93

Orion Engineered Carbons LLC (US) II-94

SGL Carbon SE (Germany) II-94

Showa Denko K.K (Japan) II-94

Showa Denko Carbon, Inc. (US) II-95

Superior Graphite Co. (US) II-95

Toho Tenax Co., Ltd. (Japan) II-95

Toho Tenax America, Inc. (US) II-96

Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. (Japan) II-96

Toray Industries, Inc. (Japan) II-97

Zoltek Companies, Inc. (US) II-97

10. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE II-98

Table 18: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Carbon & Graphite by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,

Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and

Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2010 through 2018 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-98

Table 19: World Historic Review for Carbon & Graphite by

Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-99

Table 20: World 15-Year Perspective for Carbon & Graphite by

Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for

US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),

Latin America, and Rest of World Markets for Years 2004, 2011

and 2018 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-100

Table 21: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Carbon & Graphite Electrodes by Geographic Region- US, Canada,

Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America,

and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual

Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2010 through 2018

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-101

Table 22: World Historic Review for Carbon & Graphite

Electrodes by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of

World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures

in US$ Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-102

Table 23: World 15-Year Perspective for Carbon & Graphite

Electrodes by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets

for Years 2004, 2011 and 2018 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-103

Table 24: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Carbon & Graphite Electrodes by Product Segment- Carbon

Electrodes and Graphite Electrodes Independently Analyzed with

Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2010 through

2018 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-104

Table 25: World Historic Review for Carbon & Graphite

Electrodes by Product Segment- Carbon Electrodes and Graphite

Electrodes Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in

US$ Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-105

Table 26: World 15-Year Perspective for Carbon & Graphite

Electrodes by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar

Sales for Carbon Electrodes and Graphite Electrodes Markets

for Years 2004, 2011 and 2018 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-106

Table 27: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Carbon Electrodes by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,

Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and

Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2010 through 2018 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-107

Table 28: World Historic Review for Carbon Electrodes by

Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-108

Table 29: World 15-Year Perspective for Carbon Electrodes by

Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for

US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),

Latin America, and Rest of World Markets for Years 2004, 2011

and 2018 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-109

Table 30: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Graphite Electrodes by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,

Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and

Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2010 through 2018 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-110

Table 31: World Historic Review for Graphite Electrodes by

Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-111

Table 32: World 15-Year Perspective for Graphite Electrodes by

Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for

US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),

Latin America, and Rest of World Markets for Years 2004, 2011

and 2018 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-112

Table 33: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Other Carbon & Graphite Products by Geographic Region - US,

Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin

America, and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with

Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2010 through

2018 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-113

Table 34: World Historic Review for Other Carbon & Graphite

Products by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of

World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures

in US$ Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-114

Table 35: World 15-Year Perspective for Other Carbon &

Graphite Products by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown

of Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets

for Years 2004, 2011 and 2018 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-115

Table 36: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Other Carbon & Graphite Products by Product Segment - C&G

Automotive Brushes, C&G Industrial Brushes & Contacts, C&G

Brush Plates, C&G Fibers, C&G Products for Electrical Uses,

C&G Products for Mechanical Uses, C&G Products for Aerospace

Uses, and C&G Products for Other Uses Markets Independently

Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years

2010 through 2018 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-116

Table 37: World Historic Review for Other Carbon & Graphite

Products by Product Segment - C&G Automotive Brushes, C&G

Industrial Brushes & Contacts, C&G Brush Plates, C&G Fibers,

C&G Products for Electrical Uses, C&G Products for Mechanical

Uses, C&G Products for Aerospace Uses, and C&G Products for

Other Uses Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-117

Table 38: World 15-Year Perspective for Other Carbon &

Graphite Products by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for C&G Automotive Brushes, C&G Industrial

Brushes & Contacts, C&G Brush Plates, C&G Fibers, C&G Products

for Electrical Uses, C&G Products for Mechanical Uses, C&G

Products for Aerospace Uses, and C&G Products for Other Uses

Markets for Years 2004, 2011 and 2018 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-118

Table 39: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for C&G

Automotive Brushes by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,

Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and

Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2010 through 2018 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-119

Table 40: World Historic Review for C&G Automotive Brushes by

Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-120

Table 41: World 15-Year Perspective for C&G Automotive Brushes

by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),

Latin America, and Rest of World Markets for Years 2004, 2011

and 2018 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-121

Table 42: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for C&G

Industrial Brushes & Contacts by Geographic Region - US,

Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin

America, and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with

Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2010 through

2018 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-122

Table 43: World Historic Review for C&G Industrial Brushes &

Contacts by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of

World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures

in US$ Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-123

Table 44: World 15-Year Perspective for C&G Industrial Brushes &

Contacts by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets

for Years 2004, 2011 and 2018 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-124

Table 45: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for C&G

Brush Plates by Geographic Region- US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of

World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures

in US$ Million for Years 2010 through 2018 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-125

Table 46: World Historic Review for C&G Brush Plates by

Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-126

Table 47: World 15-Year Perspective for C&G Brush Plates by

Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for

US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),

Latin America, and Rest of World Markets for Years 2004, 2011

and 2018 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-127

Table 48: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for C&G

Fibers by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of

World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures

in US$ Million for Years 2010 through 2018 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-128

Table 49: World Historic Review for C&G Fibers by Geographic

Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding

Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets Independently

Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years

2004 through 2009 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-129

Table 50: World 15-Year Perspective for C&G Fibers by

Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for

US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),

Latin America, and Rest of World Markets for Years 2004, 2011

and 2018 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-130

Table 51: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for C&G

Products for Electrical Uses by Geographic Region- US, Canada,

Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America,

and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual

Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2010 through 2018

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-131

Table 52: World Historic Review for C&G Products for

Electrical Uses by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,

Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and

Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-132

Table 53: World 15-Year Perspective for C&G Products for

Electrical Uses by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets

for Years 2004, 2011 and 2018 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-133

Table 54: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for C&G

Products for Mechanical Uses by Geographic Region- US, Canada,

Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America,

and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual

Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2010 through 2018

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-134

Table 55: World Historic Review for C&G Products for

Mechanical Uses by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,

Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and

Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-135

Table 56: World 15-Year Perspective for C&G Products for

Mechanical Uses by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets

for Years 2004, 2011 and 2018 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-136

Table 57: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for C&G

Products for Aerospace Uses by Geographic Region- US, Canada,

Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America,

and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual

Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2010 through 2018

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-137

Table 58: World Historic Review for C&G Products for Aerospace

Uses by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of

World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures

in US$ Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-138

Table 59: World 15-Year Perspective for C&G Products for

Aerospace Uses by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets

for Years 2004, 2011 and 2018 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-139

Table 60: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for C&G

Products for Other Uses by Geographic Region - US, Canada,

Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America,

and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual

Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2010 through 2018

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-140

Table 61: World Historic Review for C&G Products for Other

Uses by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of

World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures

in US$ Million for Years 2004 through 2009 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-141

Table 62: World 15-Year Perspective for C&G Products for Other

Uses by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar

Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding

Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets for Years

2004, 2011 and 2018 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-142

III. MARKET

1. THE UNITED STATES III-1

A.Market Analysis III-1

Market Outlook III-1

US Carbon Black Trade Resumes Growth III-1

US Activated Carbon Market III-1

Trends in Activated Carbon III-1

Table 63: Market Demand for US Activated Carbon by

Application: 2011 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-2

Trade Statistics: A Recent Past Review III-3

Table 64: US Exports of Activated Carbon (2009 & 2010):

Breakdown of Annual Value Exports by Top Ten Destination

Countries - Mexico, Canada, Belgium, Japan, South Korea,

China, Brazil, Thailand, Netherlands, Indonesia and Others

(In US$ '000) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-3

Table 65: US Imports of Activated Carbon (2009 & 2010):

Breakdown of Annual Imports by Top Ten Countries of Origin

- Germany, Sri Lanka, China, India, Philippines, Japan,

Canada, Netherlands, Indonesia, Surinam and Others (In US$

'000) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-3

GAC Vs PAC III-4

Applications III-4

Strengths III-4

Weaknesses III-5

Overview of the North American Graphite Market III-5

Table 66: US Market for Natural Graphite (2012): Percentage

Share Breakdown by End-Markets Refractory and Crucibles,

Foundry and Steelmaking, Brake Linings, Lubricants and

Batteries and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-5

Table 67: US Natural Graphite Consumption (2007-2011) in

Metric Tons (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-5

Table 68: Natural Graphite Prices in the US (2007-2011) -

Average Dollar Price Per Ton for Product Types - Flake,

Lump and Chip and Amorphous (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) III-6

End Uses III-6

Technological Developments in Graphite III-7

Graphite Refractory in the US III-7

Graphite Trade Statistics III-9

Table 69: US Exports of Artificial Graphite (2009 and

2010): Percentage Breakdown of Value Exports by

Destination Country - Canada, China, France, Malaysia,

South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Taiwan, Japan, Germany

and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-9

Table 70: US Imports of Artificial Graphite (2009 and

2010): Percentage Breakdown of Value Imports by Country of

Origin - China, Japan, Switzerland, Germany, Canada,

France, Norway, India, Brazil, Mexico and Others (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-10

Table 71: US Exports of Carbon or Graphite Electrodes

(2009 and 2010): Percentage Breakdown of Value Exports by

Destination Country - Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Turkey,

China, Brazil, Netherlands, Venezuela, Italy, France and

Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-11

Table 72: US Imports of Carbon or Graphite Electrodes

(2009 and 2010): Percentage Breakdown of Value Imports by

Country of Origin - China, Japan, Mexico, Canada, Germany,

Russia, India, United Kingdom, Poland and France (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-12

Table 73: US Exports of Natural Graphite (2009 and 2010):

Percentage Breakdown of Value Exports by Destination

Country - United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Mexico, China,

South Africa, India, South Korea, Germany Colombia and

Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-13

Table 74: US Imports of Natural Graphite (2009 & 2010):

Percentage Breakdown of Value Imports by Country of Origin -

China, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Japan, Sri Lanka,

Madagascar, Germany, United Kingdom, Switzerland and

Others (Imports in US$) (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) III-14

Table 75: US Imports of Natural Graphite (2010):

Percentage Breakdown of Volume Imports by Source Country -

China, Mexico, Canada, Brazil and Others (In Tons)

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-14

Carbon and Graphite in Battery and Fuel Cell Materials Market III-15

Structural Carbons Market III-15

Snapshots III-15

Table 76: The Structural Carbon Materials Market in the US

(2011): Percentage Breakdown of Value Consumption by

End-Use Segment - Aerospace and Defense, Industrial

Applications, Energy, Automotive, Sporting Goods,

Infrastructure and Others (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) III-15

US Carbon Fiber Market III-16

Lucrative Prospects for PAN Carbon Fiber in Defense and

Aerospace Applications III-16

Cytec and Hexcel - Rule the Roost III-16

Recent Industry Activity III-16

Select Key Players III-18

B.Market Analytics III-23

Table 77: US Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Carbon & Graphite by Product Category/Segment - Carbon &

Graphite Electrodes (Carbon Electrodes, and Graphite

Electrodes), and Other Carbon & Graphite Products (C&G

Automotive Brushes, C&G Industrial Brushes & Contacts, C&G

Brush Plates, C&G Fibers, C&G Products for Electrical Uses,

C&G Products for Mechanical Uses, C&G Products for Aerospace

Uses, and C&G Products for Other Uses) Markets Independently

Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Thousand for Years

2010 through 2018 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-23

Table 78: US Historic Review for Carbon & Graphite by

Product Category/Segment - Carbon & Graphite Electrodes

(Carbon Electrodes, and Graphite Electrodes), and Other

Carbon & Graphite Products (C&G Automotive Brushes, C&G

Industrial Brushes & Contacts, C&G Brush Plates, C&G Fibers,

C&G Products for Electrical Uses, C&G Products for

Mechanical Uses, C&G Products for Aerospace Uses, and C&G

Products for Other Uses) Markets Independently Analyzed with

Annual Sales Figures in US$ Thousand for Years 2004 through

2009 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-24

Table 79: US 15-Year Perspective for Carbon & Graphite by

Product Category/Segment - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar

Sales for Carbon & Graphite Electrodes (Carbon Electrodes,

and Graphite Electrodes), and Other Carbon & Graphite

Products (C&G Automotive Brushes, C&G Industrial Brushes &

Contacts, C&G Brush Plates, C&G Fibers, C&G Products for

Electrical Uses, C&G Products for Mechanical Uses, C&G

Products for Aerospace Uses, and C&G Products for Other

Uses) Markets for Years 2004, 2011 and 2018 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-25

2. CANADA III-26

A.Market Analysis III-26

Market Outlook III-26

Graphite Market in Canada III-26

Graphite Production III-26

Table 80: Natural Graphite Production in Canada

(2006-2011) (In Thousand Metric Tons) (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-27

Graphite Trade Statistics: Recent Past Review III-27

Table 81: Canadian Exports of Artificial Graphite (2009 and

2010): Percentage Breakdown of Value Exports by Destination

Country - United States, Poland, Saudi Arabia, China,

Iceland, France, Thailand, Barbados, Kenya, Sweden and

Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-27

Table 82: Canadian Imports of Artificial Graphite (2009 and

2010): Percentage Breakdown of Value Imports by Country of

Origin - United States, France, Germany, China, Norway,

Switzerland, Japan, United Kingdom, Poland, Sweden and

Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-28

Table 83: Canadian Exports of Carbon or Graphite Electrodes

(2009 and 2010): Percentage Bre

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Mineral_Mining Industry: Global Carbon and Graphite Industry

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