TAIPEI—Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. reported its slowest earnings growth in a year in the second quarter, as the maker of iPhone chips loses some orders to rivals while global smartphone demand tapers.

TSMC said its net profit for the three months ended June 30 was 79.42 billion New Taiwan dollars (US$2.56 billion), up 33% from NT$59.70 billion a year earlier, and exceeded analysts' expectations. Its revenue in the quarter reached NT$205.44 billion, the company said, up 12% from NT$183.02 billion a year ago and matching management's target.

Earnings growth at TSMC reached 79% in the fourth quarter last year, propelled by strong demand for Apple Inc. devices. TSMC broke Samsung Electronics Co.'s monopoly last year and became the primary supplier of chips for iPhones.

However, the Taiwanese chip maker warned in January that it would lose some orders to Samsung, which is months ahead in migrating to the next-generation chip process technology. The South Korean chipmaker's finer 14-nanometer technology will pack more capabilities on a chip and lower production costs, putting TSMC's contracts—not only with Apple—at risk. Analysts say the rising supply of cheaper Chinese-made chips is also putting pressure on incumbent players including TSMC.

As the world's largest maker of non-memory microprocessors based on others' designs, sales at TSMC are seen as a barometer of global technology demand.

Market research firm IDC says global smartphone shipment growth is set to slow to 12% this year, from 26% growth in 2014, as the market matures and becomes more crowded. Adding to TSMC's woes, Qualcomm Inc., one of its major customers, lost a massive contract to supply its new Snapdragon 810 processors to Samsung's latest flagship Galaxy S smartphones.

Write to Aries Poon at aries.poon@wsj.com

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