Target Corp.'s computer-security team was alerted when hackers broke into the retailer's systems during the holiday shopping season, but decided the warning didn't need to be followed up.

In an emailed statement Thursday, Target said that it is investigating its response to the episode, which ultimately grew into one of the largest corporate credit card heists in history.

The attack began during the Black Friday shopping weekend and ran for three weeks, compromising 40 million credit and debit card accounts and personal information up to about 70 million customers. The acknowledgment raises questions about whether it might have been headed off.

"With the benefit of hindsight, we are investigating whether, if different judgments had been made, the outcome may have been different," Target spokeswoman Molly Snyder said.

In its statement Thursday, Target said "a small amount" of the hackers' activity was logged and flagged to its security team after the hackers entered its network. The company said it gets a lot of alerts, and after evaluating the warning, "the team determined that it did not warrant immediate follow up."

Target executives have said that it wasn't until they were contacted by the Justice Department on the evening of Dec. 12 that they realized the company may have been hit by a security breach. There were, however, warning signs.

Bloomberg Businessweek reported Thursday that Target computer security systems supplied by FireEye picked up signs of the hackers in the company's networks before they shipped out the stolen card data.

FireEye's equipment on Target's network recorded a "significant uptick" in malicious code on the retailer's system in the months before the breach, a person briefed on the investigation said. FireEye declined to comment on the Bloomberg Businessweek story.

Last month, The Wall Street Journal reported that at least one member of Target's computer-security staff had raised concerns about vulnerabilities in its payment-card system two months or more before the attack, and that Target and other retailers' systems were picking up a significant uptick in malware intrusions, according to people familiar with the matter.

Target notified consumers about the breach on Dec. 19.

Write to Paul Ziobro at Paul.Ziobro@wsj.com

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