By Annie Gasparro And Maureen Farrell 

Trian Fund Management LP on Friday disclosed a 7% stake in Sysco Corp. and said it wants a seat on the food distributor's board, claiming the company hasn't lived up to its potential.

Trian, co-founded by Nelson Peltz, said in a regulatory filing that it has met with Sysco Chief Executive Bill Delaney and Chairman Jackie Ward to discuss ways to improve Sysco's profitability and increase value for shareholders.

"We welcome collaborative discussions with investors who share our interest in creating value," a Sysco spokesman said.

Sysco shares rose about 6% in heavy trading Friday afternoon.

Trian said Sysco should run its business more efficiently and better align management's compensation with performance. The fund is now Sysco's largest shareholder, according to FactSet.

"We believe Sysco is extremely well positioned to execute our strategy in a manner that will support the success of our customers, profitably grow our business and improve our return on invested capital," the company said Friday afternoon.

Trian declined to comment further but said in the regulatory filing that it intends to have ongoing discussions with Sysco's management.

The fund, which has $12 billion in investible assets, has notched a string of big wins in recent years in its battles with corporate boards--but one high-profile loss.

Mr. Peltz secured a seat on the board of Mondelez International Inc. in early 2014 after pushing the company to cut costs and weigh a merger with the snacks business of PepsiCo Inc. When he was named to the board, however, he said he would recuse himself from discussions over Mondelez's next steps with regard to Pepsi.

Trian also secured a board seat at Bank of New York Mellon Corp., where it was pushing for cost cuts and other strategic changes. The bank added Trian co-founder Ed Garden to its board in December, five months after the firm took a 2.6% stake in the company.

Yet Trian didn't have the same success at DuPont Co., where it waged an unsuccessful battle for board representation. DuPont's stock is down about 24% since Trian failed to secure enough votes for a board seat at the company's annual shareholder meeting in May.

Houston-based Sysco, which delivers food and supplies to restaurants and other eateries, recently dropped its plans to merge with rival US Foods Inc. following a judge's ruling against the deal on antitrust grounds.

The $3.5 billion merger was in the works for about 18 months, eating up Sysco's time and money as it prepared to fight the Federal Trade Commission in court and move ahead with integration planning. In the latest quarter, reported Monday, Sysco logged $430 million in merger-related costs, contributing to a 71% decline in profit.

Sysco is in the midst of piecing together a new strategy, which it has said will involve internal cost-cutting. It also plans to update its technology and product assortment to compete with rivals that have better online ordering and a wider selection of natural and local foods.

Sysco, the nation's largest food distributor, has struggled with increased competition from smaller rivals in recent years. The main appeal of the planned acquisition of US Foods was to create savings with its larger scale that would help reverse a yearslong trend of declining profit margins.

Chelsey Dulaney contributed to this article.

Write to Annie Gasparro at annie.gasparro@wsj.com and Maureen Farrell at maureen.farrell@wsj.com

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