By Michael Calia 

Moody's Investors Service on Monday lowered its outlook for Amazon.com Inc.'s credit rating to negative from stable after the online retailer said it would issue a "substantial" level of new senior unsecured notes.

Moody's, however, affirmed Amazon's medium investment-grade Baa1 rating, as the company's "excellent liquidity provides sufficient cushion," the credit ratings firm said.

Shares of Amazon fell nearly 3% in early trading Monday.

Moody's said it took into consideration Amazon's dominant position in the online retail space, but said that the company faces growing competition from traditional retailers who work to broaden their online businesses.

The firm also said it is unlikely that Amazon's rating would move up in the near- to midterm as the company's expense levels are "likely inflated as a result of significant investments in both technology and SG&A," weakening its ability to cover interest on debt.

Moody's said that the new debt will further exacerbate the interest-coverage concerns.

Moody's action follows Standard & Poor's Ratings Services' decision earlier Monday to affirm its stable outlook and high-grade double-a-minus corporate credit rating on Amazon.

Write to Michael Calia at michael.calia@wsj.com

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