By Robin Sidel And Chelsey Dulaney 

MasterCard Inc. reported a stronger-than-expected 17% jump in first-quarter profit as the payments network posted higher purchase volumes and reduced operating expenses.

Still, the Purchase, N.Y.-based company warned that its results are likely to be pressured the rest of the year by the strong U.S. dollar and recent weakness in the euro and the Brazilian real. Lower gasoline prices in the U.S. are also continuing to take a bite out of consumer spending.

The company now anticipates "more significant headwinds from (foreign exchange) than we expected in January," said MasterCard Chief Financial Officer Martina Hund-Mejean in a conference call with analysts.

In all, the company posted earnings of $1 billion, or 89 cents a share, up from $870 million, or 73 cents a share, in the prior-year period.

Revenue rose 2.7% to $2.23 billion, slightly below Wall Street expectations.

Analysts had projected 80 cents a share in profit and $2.28 billion in revenue, according to Thomson Reuters.

Shares of MasterCard, up 25% in the past year, were up $1.49, or 1.7%, to $91.72 in morning trading on the New York Stock Exchange.

"We think investors will breathe a modest sigh of relief that (foreign exchange) did not damage the model's ability to translate higher-than-typical top line growth into (earnings-per-share) growth outperformance," John Williams, an analyst at Topeka Capital Markets wrote in a note to clients.

The results come as the picture has brightened somewhat for U.S. consumers, while global economic uncertainties are heightened by a strengthening dollar and falling oil prices.

Although MasterCard's underlying business fundamentals remain strong, "currency moves have added to the challenges," Chief Executive Officer Ajay Banga said in the conference call.

Mr. Banga also said that U.S. consumers are continuing to use much of their savings at the gas pump to reduce debt and bolster savings accounts. Neither trend benefits MasterCard, which makes its money when people make purchases on their debit and credit cards.

Overall, however, "I feel like consumers are optimistic because they are seeing savings from the gas price," Mr. Banga said. He also noted that the sale of luxury goods in the U.S. has slowed from last year.

MasterCard processes electronic payments on its network, but doesn't collect interest or set interest rates.

In the latest quarter, purchase volume rose 12%, in terms of local currency, to $783 billion.

Processed transactions rose 12% to 11 billion, while cross-border volumes grew 19%. MasterCard said gross dollar volume rose 12% to $1.1 trillion on a local-currency basis, though increases in rebates and incentives partially offset this growth.

A 1% drop in operating expenses, helped by currency hedging, boosted the bottom line.

The company has looked to expand into markets dominated by rival Visa Inc. and in November announced plans to launch a debit-card service in Canada this year. Visa is scheduled to report results Thursday.

Write to Robin Sidel at robin.sidel@wsj.com and Chelsey Dulaney at Chelsey.Dulaney@wsj.com

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