By Daniel Huang And Chelsey Dulaney 

Jefferies Group LLC said earnings plunged in its fiscal first quarter amid a 56% drop in fixed-income trading revenue.

Jefferies, the investment-banking unit of Leucadia National Corp., said the fiscal year got off to a slow start owing to a tepid fixed-income trading environment, but revenue increased from the prior quarter and the firm expressed optimism about its prospects for the remainder of the year.

Chief Executive Richard Handler and Brian Friedman, executive-committee chairman, described "an improving environment" and said in a statement that "fixed income trading markets appear to have stabilized."

Viewed by some in the industry as a harbinger of results for other Wall Street firms even though its fiscal period ends a month earlier than most banks, Jefferies reported Tuesday that its profit fell to $11.7 million from $112.4 million a year earlier. Revenue fell 34% to $591.7 million for the quarter ended Feb. 28.

The securities firm may have been affected by uncertainty surrounding interest rates in the U.S. and Europe, which kept bond buyers at bay in recent months and pushed down fixed-income trading activity, said Fitch Ratings in a note.

Shares of Leucadia closed down 2.7%.

The latest results from Jefferies follow a downtrodden fourth quarter for many of the largest U.S. banks, with four of the six biggest--J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., Bank of America Corp., Citigroup Inc. and Morgan Stanley--missing analysts' estimates. A surge in volatility last quarter spooked many investors into pulling out of the market, causing a steep drop in trading revenues at banks with sizable trading platforms. The big six U.S. banks saw their first annual profit drop since the financial crisis, according to SNL Financial.

More recently, some bank executives have said trading has picked up during the first two months of the year. Goldman Sachs Group Inc.'s chairman and chief executive, Lloyd Blankfein, said in February that a confluence of political and economic news had drawn investors back to the markets, perking up trading businesses.

"We're seeing an uptick in trading activity because the geopolitical activity creates some opportunity," Mr. Blankfein said. "People are seeing the need to reform their portfolio" and "responding to macroeconomic events."

Bank of America's chairman and chief executive, Brian Moynihan, made similar comments when interviewed in January at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.

Jefferies' latest quarterly results include December, generally thought to be slow, but doesn't include March. The figures are considered by some to be indicative of how other Wall Street investment banks may fare, especially in trading businesses, but the predictive power varies by quarter.

Some analysts said the slow quarter at Jefferies may not translate to other banks, due to the firm's unique niche in high-yield bonds. "I'd be careful extrapolating what's weighing down [Jefferies] to the larger banks," said Marian Kessler, portfolio manager at Becker Capital Management, Inc.

Shares of Goldman and Morgan Stanley were down less than 1% Tuesday.

Jefferies also reported lower investment-banking revenue of $272 million, down 34% from the same period a year earlier. Most of the decline came from the firm's capital markets business, which dropped to $139.9 million from $267.8 million a year ago, while advisory revenue edged down to $132 million, from $146.5 million.

Fixed-income revenue fell to $126 million from $285.9 million. Equities revenue rose to $203 million from $189 million a year earlier.

Write to Daniel Huang at daniel.huang3@wsj.com and Chelsey Dulaney at Chelsey.Dulaney@wsj.com

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