By Darcy Crowe

PANAMA CITY--Star Alliance is girding for the likely departure of Brazilian carrier TAM SA, which would leave the marketing and frequent flyer partnership without a foothold in the key Brazilian market.

TAM, which recently merged with Chile's Lan Airlines SA to create Latam Airlines Group SA (LFL, LAN.SN), is expected to leave Star Alliance after Chilean regulators warned the merger could not take place if the new airline was part of the global marketing alliance. Two of Latam's key rivals in the region, AviancaTaca and Copa, are Star Alliance members.

"Eventually TAM will have to leave Star and from our standpoint, whenever that date comes, we need to come back and rebuild a proposition for Brazil," said Mark Schwab, Star Alliance's chief executive, on the sidelines of an airlines conference in Panama.

"We are very happy with the rest of our network in Latin America, but Brazil represents 40% of air travel in the region," he added.

The group has a limited amount of options for Brazil. Gol Linhas Aereas Inteligentes (GOL, GOLL4.BR), Brazil's second-biggest airline by market share, has tied up a deal with Delta Air Lines Inc. (DAL), which belongs to the SkyTeam group. The newly merged Latam, meanwhile, has not yet announced what partnership it will choose but most observers expect it to stay in One World, which has been the group used by LAN. Enrique Cueto, Latam's chief executive, said the newly merged airline would make a decision on its partnership in three to four months.

That essentially leaves as the only candidate Avianca Brazil, a unit of Synergy Group Corp., which controls Colombia's flagship carrier AviancaTaca. Avianca Brazil is not part of any partnerships. Jose Efromovich, the company's chief executive, said the company did not yet have the technological platforms necessary to be part of any group.

"We have plenty of service into Brazil, but we'll end up losing a strong home carrier," Mr. Schwab said. "We need to solve for a home strong carrier and a competitive network within Brazil."

Write to Darcy Crowe at darcy.crowe@dowjones.com

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