SHANGHAI—Chinese authorities have released from prison Yu Yingzeng, a U.S. citizen convicted last year of crimes related to handling private information about Chinese citizens, a family friend said Thursday.

Ms. Yu left prison Tuesday, the same day as her husband, Peter Humphrey, a British national convicted last year on similar charges, the person said. The release came about a month before the end of her official sentence.

The family was notified indirectly of Ms. Yu's release by U.S. authorities within the past day, the friend said. The U.S. Embassy declined to comment.

Asked about Mr. Humphrey on Thursday, a spokesman for the British consulate in Shanghai said in a statement: "We have been notified by the Chinese authorities that arrangements are being put in place for the deportation of a British national detained in China. We are providing consular assistance to the family."

The couple's son in the U.K. hasn't been able to speak directly with his parents since their release and isn't clear where they are, the friend said. Mr. Humphrey was in a hospital earlier this week and has undergone testing for cancer, the person said.

Their case was connected to a high-profile scandal involving drug maker GlaxoSmithKline PLC. Glaxo said last July it had hired Mr. Humphrey to investigate the origin of a sex video taken secretly in the bedroom of the company's top China executive. A whistleblower whose identity was unknown sent the video along with allegations of bribery to his superiors in London, the company said.

Just as the couple's investigation was wrapping up in June 2013, Chinese police publicly alleged Glaxo employees engaged in a pattern of bribery. Days later, police detained Mr. Humphrey and Ms. Yu.

During a one-day trial about a year later, Mr. Humphrey and Ms. Yu admitted guilt and were ordered to serve two-and-one-half years and two years, respectively. They were credited with time already spent in prison.

Mr. Humphrey's release comes about seven months earlier than schedule. Under terms of their conviction, Mr. Humphrey will be deported from China while Ms. Yu, who was born in the country, would be permitted to remain.

Write to James T. Areddy at james.areddy@wsj.com

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