Automatic Shelf Registration Statement of Securities of Well-known Seasoned Issuers (s-3asr)

Your Signature:

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 3, 2015

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Oregon

93-0816972

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200

Lake Oswego, OR 97035

(503) 684-7000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Martin R. Baker

General Counsel

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.

One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200

Lake Oswego, OR 97035

(503) 684-7000

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Stephen D. Cooke, Esq.

Paul Hastings LLP

695 Town Center Drive, 17th Floor

Costa Mesa, CA 92626

Tel: (714) 668-6200

Fax: (714) 979-1921

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ¨

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. x

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. x

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE



Title of each class of securities to be registered	Amount to be registered(1)(2)(3)	Proposed maximum offering price per unit(1)(2)(3)	Proposed maximum aggregate offering price(1)(2)(3)	Amount of registration fee(3)
Common stock, without par value per share
Preferred stock, without par value per share
Debt securities
Guarantees(4)
Warrants
Rights
Purchase Contracts
Units

(1)	Omitted pursuant to Form S-3 General Instruction II.E.

(2)

Such indeterminate number or amount of the securities of each identified class is being registered as may from time to time be issued at indeterminate prices or upon exercise, exchange or conversion of other securities registered hereby. Securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or together as units with other securities registered hereunder.

(3)	Deferred in reliance upon Rule 456(b) and Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). In connection with the securities offered hereby, the Registrant will pay “pay-as-you-go registration fees” in accordance with Rule 456(b) under the Securities Act.

(4)	No separate consideration will be received for any guarantee of debt securities; accordingly, pursuant to Rule 457(n) under the Securities Act, no separate filing fee with respect to the guarantees of debt securities will be payable.

PROSPECTUS

LOGO

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Debt Securities

Guarantees

Warrants

Rights

Purchase Contracts

Units

We may from time to time offer and sell, in one or more series or classes, separately or together, the following securities:

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common stock;

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preferred stock;

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debt securities;

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guarantees;

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warrants;

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rights;

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purchase contracts; and

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units.

We will offer our securities in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at the time we offer those securities. We will provide the specific terms of these offerings and securities in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as any documents incorporated by reference, before buying any of the securities being offered.

Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “GBX.” On November 2, 2015, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $40.17. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to any other listing, if any, on the New York Stock Exchange or any securities market or other exchange of the securities covered by the applicable prospectus supplement.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” on page 3 and contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

The securities may be sold directly by us to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers (or through a combination of these methods or any other method as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement), on a continuous or delayed basis. For additional information on the methods of sale, you should refer to the section titled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. If any agents or underwriters are involved in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such agents or underwriters and any applicable fees, commissions, discounts and over-allotment options will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds that we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.

In addition, certain selling securityholders to be identified from time to time in a prospectus supplement may sell our securities that they own. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of our securities by selling securityholders.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is November 3, 2015.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS			1
THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.			2
RISK FACTORS			3
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS			4
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES			7
THE SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER			8
DESCRIPTION OF OUR CAPITAL STOCK			11
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES			13
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS			17
DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS			19
DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS			20
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS			20
USE OF PROCEEDS			22
LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES			23
SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS			27
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION			28
LEGAL MATTERS			33
EXPERTS			33
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION			33
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE			33

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of an automatic “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, as a “well-known seasoned issuer” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we and/or any selling securityholders may, from time to time, sell the securities or combinations of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we or any selling securityholders offer a type or series of securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain more specific information about the terms of those securities. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. We may also add or update in the prospectus supplement (and in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. We urge you to carefully read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading “Incorporation by Reference,” before buying any of the securities being offered. THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE USED TO CONSUMMATE A SALE OF SECURITIES UNLESS IT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.

You should rely only on the information that we have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representation. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. We will not make an offer to sell our securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus, is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus, the applicable free writing prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, as applicable, and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of a security. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. The registration statement containing this prospectus, including exhibits to the registration statement, provides additional information about us and the securities offered under this prospectus. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading “Where You Can Find Additional Information.” The Greenbrier Companies is a registered trademark of The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. Gunderson, Maxi-Stack, Auto-Max and YSD are registered trademarks of Gunderson LLC.

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

We are one of the leading designers, manufacturers and marketers of railroad freight car equipment in North America and Europe, a manufacturer and marketer of marine barges in North America, a leading provider of wheel services, parts, leasing and other services to the railroad and related transportation industries in North America and a provider of railcar repair, refurbishment and retrofitting services in North America through a joint venture partnership (GBW Joint Venture). We also produce rail castings and tank heads through unconsolidated joint ventures and have a 19.5% ownership stake in a railcar manufacturer in Brazil with an option to acquire an additional 40.5% ownership interest which can be exercised no later than December 30, 2017.

We operate an integrated business model in North America that combines freight car manufacturing, wheel services, repair, refurbishment, retrofitting, component parts, leasing and fleet management services. Our model is designed to provide customers with a comprehensive set of freight car solutions utilizing our substantial engineering, mechanical and technical capabilities as well as our experienced commercial personnel. This model allows us to develop cross-selling opportunities and synergies among our various business segments and to enhance our margins. We believe our integrated model is difficult to duplicate and provides greater value for our customers.

We operate in four reportable segments: Manufacturing; Wheels & Parts; Leasing & Services; and GBW Joint Venture. Financial information about our business segments as well as geographic information is located in Note 19 Segment Information to our Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed October 30, 2015.

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc., which was incorporated in Delaware in 1981, consummated a merger on February 28, 2006 with its affiliate, Greenbrier Oregon, Inc., an Oregon corporation, for the sole purpose of changing its state of incorporation from Delaware to Oregon. Greenbrier Oregon survived the merger and assumed the name, The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200, Lake Oswego, Oregon 97035, our telephone number is (503) 684-7000, and our website is located at www.gbrx.com. Other than the documents specifically incorporated by reference into this prospectus, the information contained or referred to on, or otherwise accessible through, our website is not incorporated by reference or otherwise a part of this prospectus.

In this prospectus, we refer to common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights, purchase contracts and units collectively as “securities.” Unless otherwise mentioned or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” “Greenbrier” and similar references refer to The Greenbrier Companies, Inc., an Oregon corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents, including our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, any subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q as well as any amendments thereto, and in other filings with the SEC, that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also significantly impair our business operations and financial condition.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference contain “forward-looking statements” of Greenbrier within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, statements as to expectations, beliefs and strategies regarding the future. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements rely on a number of assumptions concerning future events and include statements relating to:

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availability of financing sources and borrowing base for working capital, other business development activities, capital spending and leased railcars for syndication (sale of railcars with lease attached);

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ability to renew, maintain or obtain sufficient credit facilities and financial guarantees on acceptable terms;

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ability to utilize beneficial tax strategies;

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ability to grow our businesses;

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ability to obtain lease and sales contracts which provide adequate protection against attempted modifications or cancellations, changes in interest rates and increased costs of materials and components;

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ability to obtain adequate insurance coverage at acceptable rates;

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ability to convert backlog of railcar orders and lease syndication commitments;

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ability to obtain adequate certification and licensing of products; and

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short-term and long-term revenue and earnings effects of the above items.

Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of uncertainties and other factors outside our control. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from the forward-looking statements:

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fluctuations in demand for newly manufactured railcars or marine barges;

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fluctuations in demand for wheels, repair and parts;

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delays in receipt of orders, risks that contracts may be canceled or modified during their term, not renewed, unenforceable or breached by the customer and that customers may not purchase the amount of products or services under the contracts as anticipated;

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ability to maintain sufficient availability of credit facilities and to maintain compliance with or to obtain appropriate amendments to covenants under various credit agreements;

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domestic and global economic conditions including such matters as embargoes or quotas;

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global political or security conditions in the U.S., Europe, Latin America and the Middle East including such matters as terrorism, war, civil disruption and crime;

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sovereign risk related to international governments that includes, but is not limited to, governments stopping payments, repudiating their contracts, nationalizing private businesses and assets or altering foreign exchange regulations;

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growth or reduction in the surface transportation industry;

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ability to maintain good relationships with our labor force, third party labor providers and collective bargaining units representing our direct and indirect labor force;

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ability to maintain good relationships with our customers and suppliers;

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ability to renew or replace expiring customer contracts on satisfactory terms;

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ability to obtain and execute suitable contracts for leased railcars for syndication;

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steel and specialty component price fluctuations and availability, scrap surcharges, steel scrap prices and other commodity price fluctuations and availability and their impact on product demand and margin;

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delay or failure of acquired businesses or joint ventures, assets, start-up operations, or new products or services to compete successfully;

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changes in product mix and the mix of revenue levels among reporting segments;

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labor disputes, energy shortages or operating difficulties that might disrupt operations or the flow of cargo;

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production difficulties and product delivery delays as a result of, among other matters, costs or inefficiencies associated with expansion, start-up, or changing of production lines or changes in production rates, equipment failures, changing technologies, transfer of production between facilities or non-performance of alliance partners, subcontractors or suppliers;

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lower than anticipated lease renewal rates, earnings on utilization based leases or residual values for leased equipment;

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discovery of defects in railcars or services resulting in increased warranty costs or litigation;

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physical damage, business interruption or product or service liability claims that exceed our insurance coverage;

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commencement of and ultimate resolution or outcome of pending or future litigation and investigations;

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natural disasters or severe weather patterns that may affect either us, our suppliers or our customers;

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loss of business from, or a decline in the financial condition of, any of the principal customers that represent a significant portion of our total revenues;

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competitive factors, including introduction of competitive products, new entrants into certain of our markets, price pressures, limited customer base, and competitiveness of our manufacturing facilities and products;

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industry overcapacity and our manufacturing capacity utilization;

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decreases or write-downs in carrying value of inventory, goodwill, intangibles or other assets due to impairment;

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severance or other costs or charges associated with lay-offs, shutdowns, or reducing the size and scope of operations;

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changes in future maintenance or warranty requirements;

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ability to adjust to the cyclical nature of the industries in which we operate;

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changes in interest rates and financial impacts from interest rates;

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ability and cost to maintain and renew operating permits;

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actions or failures to act by various regulatory agencies including potential environmental remediation obligations or changing tank car or other rail car regulation;

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changes in commodity prices, including oil and gas;

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risks associated with our intellectual property rights or those of third parties, including infringement, maintenance, protection, validity, enforcement and continued use of such rights;

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expansion of warranty and product support terms beyond those which have traditionally prevailed in the rail supply industry;

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availability of a trained work force at a reasonable cost and with reasonable terms of employment;

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availability and/or price of essential raw materials, specialties or components, including steel castings, to permit manufacture of units on order;

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failure to successfully integrate joint ventures or acquired businesses;

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discovery of previously unknown liabilities associated with acquired businesses;

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failure of or delay in implementing and using new software or other technologies;

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the impact of cybersecurity risks and the costs of mitigating and responding to a data security breach;

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ability to replace maturing lease and management services revenue and earnings with revenue and earnings from new commercial transactions, including new railcar leases, additions to the lease fleet and new management services contracts;

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credit limitations upon our ability to maintain effective hedging programs;

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financial impacts from currency fluctuations and currency hedging activities in our worldwide operations;

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changes in legislation and increased costs related to health care; and

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fraud, misconduct by employees and potential exposure to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption laws and regulations.

Any forward-looking statements should be considered in light of these factors. Words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “forecast,” “potential,” “goal,” “contemplates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “hopes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “strategy,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “likely,” “will,” “may,” “can,” “designed to,” “future,” “foreseeable future” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Many of the important factors that will determine these results are beyond our ability to control or predict. You are cautioned not to put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise required by law, we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements. In evaluating an investment in our securities, you should carefully consider the discussion of risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents, including our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and in our most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q, as well as any amendments thereto, and in other filings with the SEC, that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should carefully read both this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading “Incorporation by Reference,” completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

Set forth below is information concerning our ratio of earnings to fixed charges on a consolidated basis for the periods indicated. The ratio of earnings to fixed charges below has been computed by dividing earnings before fixed charges by fixed charges. Earnings before fixed charges consist of earnings (loss) before income tax, noncontrolling interest and equity in unconsolidated subsidiaries, plus fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interest expense, including amortization of debt issuance costs, and the portion of rental expense that we believe is representative of the interest component of lease expense. The ratio calculated below is not the same as the calculation of similarly titled fixed charge coverage ratios required by our existing debt agreements.


	Fiscal Years Ended August 31,
	2015		2014		2013		2012		2011
	(In thousands, except for ratios)
Earnings (loss) before income tax, noncontrolling interest and equity in unconsolidated subsidiaries	$	375,713	$	220,825	$	19,493	$	93,979	$	14,925
Interest expense		18,975		18,306		19,203		22,474		30,155
Estimated interest portion of rent expense		7,532		8,848		9,010		8,832		8,636

	$	402,220	$	247,979	$	47,706	$	125,285	$	53,716

Fixed charges	$	26,507	$	27,154	$	28,213	$	31,306	$	38,791
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges		15.2		9.1		1.7		4.0		1.4

THE SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER

We may offer shares of our common stock or preferred stock, various series of debt securities, guarantees, warrants, rights, and/or purchase contracts to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, either individually or in units, in one or more offerings, from time to time under this prospectus at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of any offering. We may also offer common stock or preferred stock upon conversion of debt securities, common stock upon conversion of preferred stock, or common stock, preferred stock or debt securities upon the exercise of warrants or rights. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer a type or series of securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities including, but not limited to, to the extent applicable:

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designation or classification;

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aggregate principal amount or aggregate offering price;

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maturity;

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original issue discount;

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rates and times of payment of interest or dividends;

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redemption, conversion, exercise, exchange or sinking fund terms;

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ranking;

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restrictive covenants;

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voting or other rights;

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events of default;

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restriction on transfer, sale or other assignment;

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security and subordination;

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terms of modification;

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terms of settlement;

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conversion prices; and

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important United States federal income tax considerations.

The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add or update information contained in this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE USED TO CONSUMMATE A SALE OF SECURITIES UNLESS IT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.

We may sell the securities directly to investors or to or through agents, underwriters or dealers. We, and our agents or underwriters, reserve the right to accept or reject all or part of any proposed purchase of securities. If we do offer securities to or through agents or underwriters, we will include in the applicable prospectus supplement:

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the names of those agents or underwriters;

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applicable fees, discounts and commissions to be paid to them;

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details regarding over-allotment options, if any; and

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the net proceeds to us.

In addition, certain selling securityholders to be identified from time to time in a prospectus supplement may sell our securities that they own. See “Selling Securityholders.”

Common Stock. We may issue shares of our common stock from time to time. The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders and do not have cumulative voting rights. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably only those dividends as may be declared by our board of directors out of legally available funds. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any outstanding shares of preferred stock.

Preferred Stock. We may issue shares of our preferred stock from time to time, in one or more series. Under our certificate of incorporation there are 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized, of which 200,000 have been designated as Series A participating preferred stock. Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by shareholders, to designate the shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications and restrictions granted to or imposed upon the preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption, liquidation preference and sinking fund terms, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of the common stock. We have not issued any preferred stock.

If we sell any series of preferred stock under this prospectus, we will fix the designations, powers, preferences and rights of such series of preferred stock, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereon, in the certificate of designation relating to that series. Convertible preferred stock will be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities at predetermined conversion rates. We may prescribe that conversion of such securities shall be mandatory or at your option. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering before the issuance of the related series of preferred stock. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of preferred stock being offered, as well as the complete certificate of designation that contains the terms of the applicable series of preferred stock.

Debt Securities. We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt and may be secured or unsecured. The senior debt securities will rank equally with any unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will rank equally with our other subordinated debts. Convertible debt securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities at predetermined conversion rates. We may prescribe that conversion of such securities shall be mandatory or at your option.

The debt securities will be issued under one or more indentures, which are contracts between us and a national banking association or other eligible party, as trustee. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the debt securities. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of debt securities being offered, as well as the complete indentures that contain the terms of the debt securities. We have filed these indentures as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC.

Guarantees. Our debt securities may be guaranteed. Each prospectus supplement will describe any guarantees of debt securities for the benefit of the series of debt securities to which it relates. If so provided in a prospectus supplement, the debt securities will be guaranteed by each of the guarantors named in such prospectus supplement. The specific terms and provisions of each guarantee will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Warrants. We may issue warrants for the purchase of debt or equity securities described in this prospectus in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with any offered securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the warrants. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the particular series of warrants being offered, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates containing the terms of the warrants being offered.

We will evidence each series of warrants by warrant certificates that we will issue. Warrants may be issued under an applicable warrant agreement that we enter into with a warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent, if applicable, in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of warrants being offered.

Rights. We may issue rights for the purchase of debt or equity securities in one or more series. These rights may be issued independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder receiving the rights in such offering. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the rights. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the particular series of rights being offered, as well as the complete rights agreements that contain the terms of the rights. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of rights agreements that describes the terms of the rights we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of the related series of rights.

Purchase Contracts. We may issue purchase contracts, including contracts obligating holders to purchase from or sell to us, and for us to sell to or purchase from the holders, a specified principal amount of debt securities or a specified number of shares of common stock or shares of preferred stock at a future date or dates. The purchase contracts may be issued separately or as part of units, often known as purchase units, consisting of a purchase contract and other securities or obligations issued by us or third parties, including U.S. Treasury securities, which may secure the holders’ obligations to purchase the debt securities, common stock or preferred stock under the purchase contracts. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the purchase contracts and purchase units. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the particular purchase contracts or purchase units being offered, as well as the complete purchase contracts relating to the purchase contracts or purchase units. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of purchase contracts, and, if applicable, the collateral or depositary arrangements, relating to the purchase contracts or purchase units being offered.

Units. We may issue, in one or more series, units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, rights, purchase contracts and/or warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in any combination. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the units. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of units being offered, as well as the complete unit agreement that contains the terms of the units. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this

prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of unit agreement and any supplemental agreements that describe the terms of the series of units being offered.

DESCRIPTION OF OUR CAPITAL STOCK

The following description is a general summary of the terms of our common stock and preferred stock. The description below does not include all of the terms of the common stock and preferred stock and should be read together with our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, as amended, copies of which have been filed with the SEC.

General

Under our Articles of Incorporation, we are authorized to issue 75,000,000 shares, of which 50,000,000 have been designated shares of common stock, without par value, and 25,000,000 have been designated shares of preferred stock, without par value, of which 200,000 shares of preferred stock have been designated as Series A participating preferred stock. As of October 30, 2015, 28,616,995 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding. We have not issued any shares of our preferred stock.

Common Stock

Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the shareholders. There are no cumulative voting rights. Holders of common stock have no preemptive or conversion rights and are entitled to receive ratable dividends when and if declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends, subject to any preferential rights of any then-outstanding preferred stock. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to common stock. Subject to the rights of holders of any preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in our assets legally available for distribution to shareholders in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up after payment of or adequate provision for all our known debts and liabilities. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “GBX.”

Preferred Stock

The board of directors may, without further action by the shareholders, issue preferred stock in one or more series and fix the rights and preferences of the preferred stock, including voting rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, terms of redemption (including sinking fund provisions) and liquidation preferences. The issuance of preferred stock by action of the board of directors could adversely affect the voting power, dividend rights and other rights of holders of common stock. Issuance of a series of preferred stock also could, depending upon the terms of series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt.

Antitakeover Provisions

Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, as currently in effect, contain provisions that may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our ownership or management. They provide for:

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a classified board of directors, with each class containing as nearly as possible one-third of the total number of members of the board of directors and the members of each class serving for staggered three-year terms;

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a vote of at least 55% of our voting securities to amend, repeal or adopt an inconsistent provision of certain provisions of the Articles of Incorporation;

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no less than 120 days’ advance notice with respect to nominations of directors or other matters to be voted on by shareholders other than by or at the direction of the board of directors;

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removal of directors only with cause;

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the calling of special meetings of shareholders only by the president, a majority of the board of directors or the holders of not less than 25% of all votes entitled to be cast on the matters to be considered at such meeting; and

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the issuance of preferred stock by the board without further action by the shareholders.

Antitakeover Effects of Provisions of Oregon Law

Oregon Takeover Statute; Hostile Takeovers. The Oregon Control Share Act, or OCSA, regulates the process by which a person may acquire control of certain Oregon-based corporations without the consent and cooperation of the board of directors. The OCSA provisions restrict a shareholder’s ability to vote shares of stock acquired in certain transactions not approved by the board that cause the acquiring person to gain control of a voting position exceeding one-fifth, one-third, or one-half of the votes entitled to be cast in an election of directors. Shares acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except as authorized by a vote of the shareholders. A corporation may opt out of the OCSA by provision in the corporation’s articles of incorporation or bylaws. We have not opted out of the coverage of the OCSA.

Interested Shareholder Transactions. Except under certain circumstances, the Oregon Business Corporation Act, or OBCA, prohibits a “business combination” between a corporation and an “interested shareholder” within three years of the shareholder becoming an “interested shareholder.” Generally, an “interested shareholder” is a person or group that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or has the right to acquire or control, the voting or disposition of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and was the owner of 15% or more of such voting stock at any time within the previous three years. A “business combination” is defined broadly to include, among others, (i) mergers and sales or other dispositions of 10% or more of the assets of a corporation with or to an interested shareholder, (ii) certain transactions resulting in the issuance or transfer to the interested shareholder of any stock of the corporation or its subsidiaries, (iii) certain transactions which would result in increasing the proportionate share of the stock of a corporation or its subsidiaries owned by the interested shareholder, and (iv) receipt by the interested shareholder of the benefit (except proportionately as a shareholder) of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges, or other financial benefits. A business combination between a corporation and an interested shareholder is prohibited for three years following the date that the shareholder became an “interested shareholder” unless (i) prior to the date the person became an interested shareholder, the board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder, (ii) upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder, that person owns at least 85% of the corporation’s voting stock outstanding at the time the transaction is commenced (excluding shares owned by persons who are both directors and officers and shares owned by employee stock plans in which participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer), or (iii) the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized by the affirmative vote (at an annual or special meeting and not by written consent) of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock not owned by the interested shareholder.

These restrictions placed on interested shareholders by the OBCA do not apply under certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) if the corporation’s original articles of incorporation contain a provision expressly electing not to be governed by the applicable section of the OBCA; or (ii) if the corporation, by action of its shareholders, adopts an amendment to its bylaws or articles of incorporation expressly electing not to be governed by the applicable section of the OBCA, provided that such an amendment is approved by the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote. Such an amendment, however, generally will not be effective until 12 months after its adoption and will not apply to any business combination with a person who became an interested shareholder at or prior to such adoption. We have not elected to be outside the coverage of the applicable sections of the OBCA.

Board Of Directors’ Criteria For Evaluating Business Combinations. Under the OBCA, members of the board of directors of a corporation are authorized to consider certain factors in determining the best interests of the corporation when evaluating any (i) offer of another party to make a tender or exchange offer, (ii) merger or consolidation proposal, or (iii) offer of another party to purchase or otherwise acquire all or substantially all of the assets of the corporation. These factors include the social, legal and economic effects on employees, customers and suppliers of the corporation and on the communities and geographical areas in which the corporation and its subsidiaries operate, the economy of the state and the nation, the long-term and short-term interests of the corporation and its shareholders, including the possibility that these interests may be best served by the continued independence of the corporation, and other relevant factors.

Number of Directors; Filling Vacancies

Our Bylaws, as currently in effect, provide that the number of directors shall be nine. The shareholders and the board of directors have the authority to adopt, repeal or amend the bylaws. The affirmative vote of a majority of the total number of votes of the then-outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, may remove any director only with cause. Unless previously filled by the holders of at least a majority of the shares of capital stock entitled to vote for the election of directors, vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority vote of the directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director.

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the material features, terms and provisions of any debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. This summary does not purport to be exhaustive and may not contain all the information that is important to you. Therefore, you should read the applicable prospectus supplement relating to those debt securities and any other offering materials that we may provide. We may issue debt securities, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. Unless otherwise stated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will not be limited in the amount of debt securities that we may issue, and neither the senior debt securities nor the subordinated debt securities will be secured by any of our property or assets. As of the date of this prospectus, substantially all of our assets are pledged to secure indebtedness under our existing credit facilities. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. For any debt securities that we may offer, an indenture (and any relevant supplemental indenture) will contain additional important terms and provisions and will be incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement that includes this prospectus, or as an exhibit to a current report on Form 8-K, incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the indentures, we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities.

We conduct substantially all of our operations through subsidiaries. As a result, claims of holders of debt securities will generally have a junior position to claims of creditors of our subsidiaries, except to the extent that we may be recognized as a creditor of those subsidiaries. In addition, our right to participate as a shareholder in any distribution of assets of any subsidiary (and thus the ability of holders of debt securities to benefit from such distribution as our creditors) is junior to creditors of each subsidiary.

We may issue senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities under one or separate indentures, which may be supplemented or amended from time to time. Senior debt securities will be issued under one or more senior indentures that we will enter into with the trustees named in such senior indentures and subordinated debt

securities will be issued under one or more subordinated indentures that we will enter into with the trustees named in such subordinated indentures. Any senior debt indentures and subordinated debt indentures are referred to individually in this prospectus as the “indenture” and collectively as the “indentures.” The particular terms of a series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to such series of debt securities. Any indentures will be subject to, governed by and qualified under, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and may be supplemented or amended from time to time following their execution. We use the term “debenture trustee” to refer to either a trustee under a senior indenture or a trustee under a subordinated indenture, as applicable. We have filed forms of indentures to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC.

Any indentures will contain the full legal text of the matters described in this section of the prospectus, as applicable. Because this section is a summary, it does not describe every aspect of the debt securities or any applicable indentures. This summary is therefore subject to and is qualified in its entirety by reference to all the provisions of any applicable indenture, including any definitions of terms used in such indenture. Your rights will be defined by the terms of any applicable indenture, not the summary provided herein or in any prospectus supplement or supplements. This summary is also subject to and qualified by reference to the description of the particular terms of a particular series of debt securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement or supplements.

The debt securities may be denominated and payable in U.S. dollars. We may also issue debt securities, from time to time, with the principal amount, interest or other amounts payable on any relevant payment date to be determined by reference to one or more currency exchange rates, securities or baskets of securities, commodity prices, indices or any other financial, economic or other measure or instrument, including the occurrence or non-occurrence of any event or circumstance. In addition, we may issue debt securities as part of any units issued by us. All references in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement to other amounts will include premiums, if any, other cash amounts payable under the applicable indenture, and the delivery of securities or baskets of securities under the terms of the debt securities. Debt securities may bear interest at a fixed rate, which may be zero, or a floating rate.

Some of the debt securities may be issued as original issue discount debt securities. Original issue discount securities bear no interest or bear interest at below market rates and will be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. A prospectus supplement relating to an issue of original issue discount securities will contain information relating to United States federal income tax, accounting, and other special considerations applicable to original issue discount securities.

We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms, if any, on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our preferred stock, common stock or other securities. We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our preferred stock, common stock or other securities that holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.

We will generally have no obligation to repurchase, redeem, or change the terms of debt securities upon any event (including a merger, consolidation, change in control or disposition of substantially all of our assets) that might have an adverse effect on our credit quality.

The following summaries of material provisions of the senior debt securities, the subordinated debt securities and the indentures are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this

prospectus, as well as the complete indentures that contains the terms of the debt securities. Except as we may otherwise indicate, the terms of the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture are identical.

General

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement, documents incorporated by reference, or free writing prospectus with respect to any debt securities, the terms of the debt securities being offered, including, but not limited to:

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the title and series of debt securities;

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the principal amount being offered, and if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding;

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any limit on the amount that may be issued;

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whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form, the terms and who the depositary will be;

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the date or dates and method or methods by which principal and any premium on such debt securities is payable;

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the principal amount due at maturity;

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whether and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any debt securities held by a person who is not a United States person for tax purposes, and whether we can redeem the debt securities if we have to pay such additional amounts;

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the interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;

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whether or not the debt securities will be convertible into shares of common stock, preferred stock or other securities or property and, if so, the terms of such conversion;

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whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;

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the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt;

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the terms of any guarantee of the payment of principal, interest and premium, if any, with respect to debt securities of the series and any corresponding changes to the provisions of the applicable indenture;

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the place where payments will be payable;

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restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;

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our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;

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the date, if any, after which, and the price at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions;

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the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable;

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whether and under what circumstances any additional amounts are payable with respect to such debt securities;

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the notice, if any, to holders of such debt securities regarding the determination of interest on a floating rate debt security;

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the denominations of such debt securities, if other than $1,000 and integral multiples thereof;

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the terms, if any, by which the amount of payments of principal or any premium, interest or additional amounts on such debt securities may be determined by reference to an index, formula, financial or economic measure or other methods;

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any mandatory or optional sinking fund or similar provisions;

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if other than the principal amount hereof, the portion of the principal amount of such debt securities that will be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof or provable in bankruptcy;

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any events of default or covenants in addition to or in lieu of those described herein and remedies therefor;

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whether such debt securities will be subject to defeasance or covenant defeasance;

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the terms, if any, upon which such debt securities are to be issuable upon the exercise of warrants, units or rights;

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the terms of modification;

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the governing law;

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whether such debt securities will be guaranteed and the terms thereof; and

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any other terms of the series of debt securities (which shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of the indentures, except as permitted by a supplemental indenture, but which may modify or delete any provisions of the indentures insofar as it applies to such series), including any terms which may be required by or advisable under the laws of the U.S. or regulations thereunder or advisable (as determined by us) in connection with the marketing of the debt securities of the series.

Guarantees

Our debt securities may be guaranteed. Each prospectus supplement will describe any guarantees of debt securities for the benefit of the series of debt securities to which it relates. If so provided in a prospectus supplement, the debt securities will be guaranteed by each of the guarantors named in such prospectus supplement. The specific terms and provisions of each guarantee will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Conversion or Exchange Rights

We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities. We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock or our other securities that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.

Consolidation, Merger or Sale

Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the indentures will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. However, any successor to or acquirer of such assets must assume all of our obligations under the indentures or the debt securities, as appropriate. If the debt securities are convertible into or exchangeable for our other securities or securities of other entities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all of our property must make provisions for the conversion of the debt securities into securities that the holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted the debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue warrants for the purchase of debt or equity securities described in this prospectus, in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with any offered securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities. While the terms summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below.

We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant agreement that describes the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering. The following summaries of material provisions of the warrants and the warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the particular series of warrants that it may offer under this prospectus, as well as any related free writing prospectuses, and the complete warrant agreements that contain the terms of the warrants.

General

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement, documents incorporated by reference, or free writing prospectus with respect to any warrants, the terms of the warrants being offered, including, but not limited to:

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the title of the warrants;

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the offering price of securities that include such warrants and aggregate number of warrants offered;

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the currencies in which the price or prices of the warrants may be payable;

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if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;

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if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the offered securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants will be separately transferable;

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in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise;

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in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;

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the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreements and the warrants;

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the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;

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any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;

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the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;

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the manner in which the warrant agreements may be modified;

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a discussion of any material or special United States federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants;

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any minimum or maximum amount of warrants that may be exercised at any one time;

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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;

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any listing of warrants on any securities exchange;

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the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and

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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.

Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including:

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in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture; or

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in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any.

Exercise of Warrants

Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price or prices that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.

Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant agreement representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to us in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Upon receipt of the required payment and the warrant agreement properly completed and duly executed at our or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by the warrant agreement are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant agreement for the remaining amount of warrants. Holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants.

Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants

Each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants.

DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS

We may issue rights to purchase our equity or debt securities in one or more series. These rights may be issued independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder receiving the rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of such rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.

We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of rights agreements that describes the terms of the rights we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of the related series of rights. The following summaries of material terms and provisions the rights are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the rights agreement and any supplemental agreements applicable to a particular series of rights. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the particular series of rights that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as any related free writing prospectuses and the complete rights agreement and any supplemental agreements that contain the terms of the rights.

General

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement, documents incorporated by reference, or free writing prospectus with respect to any rights, the terms of the rights being offered, including, but not limited to:

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in the case of a distribution of rights to our stockholders, the date of determining the stockholders entitled to the rights distribution;

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the price, if any, for the rights;

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in the case of a distribution of rights to our stockholders, the number of rights issued or to be issued to each stockholder;

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the exercise price payable for the underlying debt or equity securities upon the exercise of the rights;

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the number and terms of the underlying debt or equity securities which may be purchased per each right;

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the extent to which the rights are transferable;

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the date on which the holder’s ability to exercise the rights shall commence, and the date on which the rights shall expire;

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the extent to which the rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities;

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the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the rights agreements and the rights;

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the manner in which the rights agreements may be modified;

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a discussion of any material or special United States federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the rights;

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if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement entered into by us in connection with the offering of such rights; and

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any other terms of the rights, including, but not limited to, the terms, procedures, conditions and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the rights.

Exercise of Rights

Each right will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price or prices that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Holders of the rights may exercise the rights at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised rights will become void.

Holders of the rights may exercise the rights by delivering the rights agreement representing the rights to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to us in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Upon receipt of the required payment and the rights agreement properly completed and duly executed at our or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the rights represented by the rights agreement are exercised, then we will issue a new rights agreement for the remaining amount of rights. Holders of the rights may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for rights.

DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS

We may issue purchase contracts, including contracts obligating holders to purchase from or sell to us, and for us to sell to or purchase from the holders, a specified principal amount of debt securities or a specified number of shares of common stock or shares of preferred stock at a future date or dates. The consideration for the debt securities, common stock or preferred stock and the principal amount of debt securities or number of shares of each may be fixed at the time the purchase contracts are issued or may be determined by reference to a specific formula set forth in the purchase contracts. The purchase contracts may be issued separately or as part of units, often known as purchase units, consisting of a purchase contract and other securities or obligations issued by us or third parties, including U.S. Treasury securities, which may secure the holders’ obligations to purchase the debt securities, common stock or preferred stock under the purchase contracts. The purchase contracts may require us to make periodic payments to the holders of the purchase contracts or units or vice versa, and these payments may be unsecured or prefunded on some basis. The purchase contracts may require holders to secure their obligations under those contracts in a specified manner.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the purchase contracts and purchase units, including, if applicable, collateral or depositary arrangements.

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

We may issue, in one or more series, units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, rights, purchase contracts and/or warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in any combination. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any units that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of units in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any units offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below.

We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of unit agreement that describes the terms of the series of units we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of the related series of units. The following summaries of material terms and provisions of the units are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the unit agreement and any supplemental agreements applicable to a particular

series of units. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the particular series of units that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as any related free writing prospectuses and the complete unit agreement and any supplemental agreements that contain the terms of the units.

General

Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement, documents incorporated by reference, or free writing prospectus with respect to any series of units, the terms of the series of units being offered, including, but not limited to:

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the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;

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any provisions of the governing unit agreement that differ from those described herein; and

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any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units.

The provisions described in this section, as well as those described under “Description of Our Capital Stock,” “Description of Debt Securities,” “Description of Warrants,” “Description of Rights” and “Description of Purchase Contracts” will apply to each unit to the extent comprised of any such security included in each unit, as well as the underlying, relevant securities, respectively.

Issuance in Series

We may issue units in such amounts and in such numerous distinct series as we determine.

Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Units

Each unit agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable unit agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any unit. A single bank or trust company may act as unit agent for more than one series of units. A unit agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable unit agreement or unit, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a unit may, without the consent of the related unit agent or the holder of any other unit, enforce by appropriate legal action its rights as holder under any security included in the unit.

Title

We, and any unit agent and any of their agents, may treat the registered holder of any unit certificate as an absolute owner of the units evidenced by that certificate for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights attaching to the units so requested, despite any notice to the contrary. See “Legal Ownership of Securities” below.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Except as described in any prospectus supplement or in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered hereby for general corporate purposes, including, among other things, working capital, financing possible acquisitions, repayment of obligations that have matured, and reducing or refinancing indebtedness that may be outstanding at the time of any offering under this prospectus.

We have not specifically allocated the proceeds to those purposes as of the date of this prospectus. Pending these uses, we may invest the net proceeds in short-term, investment-grade securities. The precise amount and timing of the application of proceeds from the sale of securities will depend on our funding requirements and the availability and cost of other funds at the time of sale. Allocation of proceeds of a particular series of securities, or the principal reason for the offering if no allocation has been made, will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement or in any related free writing prospectus.

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of securities to which this prospectus relates that are offered by any selling securityholders.

LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES

We can issue securities in registered form to “holders” and “indirect holders” or in the form as one or more global securities. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee or depositary maintain for this purpose as the “holders” of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names, as “indirect holders” of those securities. As discussed below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.

Book-Entry Holders

We may issue securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers.

Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Securities issued in global form will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for securities issued in global form, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities.

As a result, investors in a book-entry security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary’s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, and not holders, of the securities.

Street Name Holders

We may terminate a global security as described under “—Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated,” or issue securities in non-global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in “street name.” Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account he or she maintains at that institution.

For securities held in street name, we or any applicable trustee or depositary will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we or any such trustee or depositary will make all payments, if any, on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not holders, of those securities.

Legal Holders

Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee and of any third parties employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case

whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form.

For example, once we make a payment, if any, or give a notice to the holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with depositary participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Similarly, we may want to obtain the approval of the holders to amend an indenture, to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our obligation to comply with a particular provision of the indenture or for other purposes. In such an event, we would seek approval only from the holders, and not the indirect holders, of the securities. Whether and how the holders contact the indirect holders is up to the holders.

Special Considerations For Indirect Holders

If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form because the securities are represented by one or more global securities or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out:

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how it handles securities payments and notices;

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whether it imposes fees or charges;

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how it would handle a request for the holders’ consent, if ever required;

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whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is permitted in the future;

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how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and

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if the securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary’s rules and procedures will affect these matters.

Global Securities

A global security is a security that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms.

Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we issue to, deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, known as DTC, will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form.

A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under “Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated.” As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a holder of the security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.

If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued in global form only, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the global security is

terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system.

Special Considerations For Global Securities

The rights of an indirect holder relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor’s financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security.

If securities are issued only in the form of a global security, an investor should be aware of the following:

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an investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in his or her name, and cannot obtain non-global certificates for his or her interest in the securities, except in the special situations described below;

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an investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank or broker for payments on the securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the securities, as described above;

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an investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some insurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form;

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an investor may not be able to pledge his or her interest in a global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective;

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the depositary’s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor’s interest in a global security;

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we and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary’s actions or for its records of ownership interests in a global security, nor do we or any applicable trustee supervise the depositary in any way;

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the depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in a global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds, and your broker or bank may require you to do so as well; and

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financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in a global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities.

There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries.

Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated

In a few special situations described below, a global security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own name, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above.

Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the global security will terminate when the following special situations occur:

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if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary within 90 days;

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if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or

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if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived.

The prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of securities covered by the applicable prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and neither we nor any applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders.

SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS

If the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part is used by selling securityholders for the resale of any securities registered thereunder, information about such selling securityholders, their beneficial ownership of the securities and their relationship with us will be set forth in a prospectus supplement, in a post-effective amendment to the registration statement, or in filings we make with the SEC under the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference to such registration statement.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We and/or the selling securityholders may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods. We and/or the selling securityholders may sell the securities to or through underwriters or dealers, with or without an underwriting syndicate, through agents, in “at the market offerings” to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market, or a securities exchange or otherwise, or directly to one or more purchasers through a specific bidding or auction process, a rights offering, or otherwise, or through a combination of these methods or through any other method described in a prospectus supplement. The offer and sale of the securities described in this prospectus by us and/or the selling securityholders or the underwriters or the third parties described herein may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions, including privately negotiated transactions, either:

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at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;

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at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, including in “at the market offerings”;

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at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or

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at negotiated prices or in competitively bid transactions.

A distribution of the securities offered by this prospectus may also be effected through the issuance of derivative securities, including without limitation, warrants, subscriptions, exchangeable securities, forward delivery contracts and the writing of options. In addition, the manner in which we and/or the selling securityholders may sell some or all of the securities covered by this prospectus includes, without limitation, through:

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a block trade in which a broker-dealer will attempt to sell as agent, but may position or resell a portion of the block, as principal, in order to facilitate the transaction;

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purchases by a broker-dealer, as principal, and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;

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ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which a broker solicits purchasers; or

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privately negotiated transactions.

We may also enter into hedging transactions. For example, we may:

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enter into transactions with a broker-dealer or affiliate thereof in connection with which such broker-dealer or affiliate will engage in short sales of the common stock pursuant to this prospectus, in which case such broker-dealer or affiliate may use shares of common stock received from us to close out its short positions;

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sell securities short and redeliver such shares to close out our short positions;

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enter into option or other types of transactions that require us to deliver common stock to a broker-dealer or an affiliate thereof, who will then resell or transfer the common stock under this prospectus; or

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loan or pledge the common stock to a broker-dealer or an affiliate thereof, who may sell the loaned shares or, in an event of default in the case of a pledge, sell the pledged shares pursuant to this prospectus.

In addition, we may enter into derivative or hedging transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. In connection with such a transaction, the third parties may sell securities covered by and pursuant to this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement or pricing supplement, as the case may be. If so, the third party may use securities borrowed from us or others to settle such sales and may use securities received from us to close out any related short positions. We may also loan or pledge securities covered by this prospectus and an applicable prospectus

supplement to third parties, who may sell the loaned securities or, in an event of default in the case of a pledge, sell the pledged securities pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or pricing supplement, as the case may be.

A prospectus supplement or supplements will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including:

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the terms of the offering;

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the name or names of the underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, and the types and amounts of securities underwritten or purchased by each of them;

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the public offering price or purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we and/or the selling securityholders will receive from the sale;

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any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us and/or the selling securityholders;

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any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation;

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the terms of any rights;

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any initial public offering price;

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any delayed delivery arrangements;

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any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

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any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed.

Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement will be underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.

The selling securityholders may offer our securities in one or more offerings, and if required by applicable law or in connection with an underwritten offering, pursuant to one or more prospectus supplements, and any such prospectus supplement will set forth the terms of the relevant offering as described above. To the extent our securities offered pursuant to a prospectus supplement or otherwise remain unsold, the selling securityholder may offer those securities on different terms pursuant to another prospectus supplement. Sales by the selling securityholders may not require the provision of a prospectus supplement.

In addition to the foregoing, each of the selling securityholders may offer our securities at various times in one or more of the following transactions: through short sales, derivative and hedging transactions; by pledge to secure debts and other obligations; through offerings of securities exchangeable, convertible or exercisable for our securities; under forward purchase contracts with trusts, investment companies or other entities (which may, in turn, distribute their own securities); through distribution to its members, partners or shareholders; in exchange or over-the-counter market transactions; and/or in private transactions.

Each of the selling securityholders also may resell all or a portion of our securities that it owns in open market transactions in reliance upon Rule 144 under the Securities Act provided it meets the criteria and conforms to the requirements of Rule 144.

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of securities by selling securityholders.

Any public offering price and any fees, discounts, commissions, concessions or other items constituting compensation allowed or reallowed or paid to underwriters, dealers, agents or remarketing firms may be changed from time to time. Underwriters, dealers, agents and remarketing firms that participate in the distribution of the offered securities may be “underwriters” as defined in the Securities Act. Any discounts or commissions they

receive from us and/or the selling securityholders and any profits they receive on the resale of the offered securities may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. We will identify any underwriters, agents or dealers and describe their fees, commissions or discounts in the applicable prospectus supplement or pricing supplement, as the case may be.

If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We and/or the selling securityholders may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement, other than securities covered by any over-allotment option. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the nature of any such relationship.

If we and/or the selling securityholders use dealers in the sale of securities, we and/or the selling securityholders will sell securities to such dealers as principals. The dealers may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by such dealers or at a fixed offering price agreed to with us at the time of resale. Dealers engaged by us may allow other dealers to participate in resales. We and/or the selling securityholders may negotiate and pay dealers’ commissions, discounts or concessions for their services.

We and/or the selling securityholders may solicit offers to purchase the securities directly, and we and/or the selling securityholders may sell the securities directly to institutional or other investors, who may be deemed underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any resales of those securities. The terms of these sales will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we and/or the selling securityholders use agents in the sale of securities, unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, they will use their reasonable best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of their appointment. Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, if we and/or the selling securityholders sell directly, no underwriters, dealers or agents would be involved. We will not make an offer of securities in any jurisdiction that does not permit such an offer.

We and/or the selling securityholders may sell securities directly or through agents we and/or the selling securityholders designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and will describe any commissions we and/or the selling securityholders will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our and/or the selling securityholders’ agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment. We and/or the selling securityholders may also sell the offered securities to one or more remarketing firms, acting as principals for their own accounts or as agents for us and/or the selling securityholders. These firms will remarket the offered securities upon purchasing them in accordance with a redemption or repayment pursuant to the terms of the offered securities. A prospectus supplement or pricing supplement, as the case may be, will identify any remarketing firm and will describe the terms of its agreement, if any, with us and/or the selling securityholders, and its compensation.

In connection with offerings made through underwriters or agents, we and/or the selling securityholders, may enter into agreements with such underwriters or agents pursuant to which we receive our outstanding securities in consideration for the securities being offered to the public for cash. In connection with these arrangements, the underwriters or agents may also sell securities covered by this prospectus to hedge their positions in these outstanding securities, including in short sale transactions. If so, the underwriters or agents may use the securities received from us under these arrangements to close out any related open borrowings of securities.

We and/or the selling securityholders may choose to sell the offered securities directly to multiple purchasers or a single purchaser. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved.

We may also make direct sales through rights distributed to our existing stockholders on a pro rata basis, which may or may not be transferable. In any distribution of rights to our stockholders, if all of the underlying securities are not subscribed for, we may then sell the unsubscribed securities directly to third parties or may engage the services of one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, including standby underwriters, to sell the unsubscribed securities to third parties. In addition, whether or not all of the underlying securities are subscribed for, we may concurrently offer additional securities to third parties directly or through underwriters or agents. If securities are to be sold through rights, the rights will be distributed as a dividend to the stockholders for which they will pay no separate consideration. The prospectus supplement, the documents incorporated by reference or the free writing prospectus with respect to the offer of securities under the rights will set forth the relevant terms of the rights.

We and/or the selling securityholders may authorize underwriters, dealers, or agents to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors or other purchasers to purchase our securities from them at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts will be subject to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus supplement will set forth any commissions or discounts we and/or the selling securityholders pay for solicitation of these contracts. We will enter into such delayed contracts only with institutional purchasers that we approve. These institutions may include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies and educational and charitable institutions.

We and/or the selling securityholders may provide underwriters, dealers, agents and remarketing firms with indemnification against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Underwriters, dealers, agents and remarketing firms, and their affiliates, may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.

Unless otherwise specified in an applicable prospectus supplement, each class or series of securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than our common stock, which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “GBX.” Any common stock sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement will be listed on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance. We may elect to list any other class or series of securities on any exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. Any such listing if pursued will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in a class or series of securities, but the underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot give any assurance as to the liquidity of the trading market for any of the securities. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.

In connection with any offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell securities in the open market. Any underwriter may engage in short sales, over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of securities than they are required to purchase in an offering. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum price and are made for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the securities while an offering is in progress. Syndicate-covering or other short-covering transactions involve purchases of the securities, either through exercise of the over-allotment option or in the open market after the distribution is completed, to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. These activities by the underwriters may stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the securities. As a result, the price of the securities may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If these activities are commenced, they may be discontinued by the underwriters at any time. These transactions may be effected on an exchange or automated quotation system, if the securities are listed on an exchange or admitted for trading on an automated quotation system, in the over-the-counter market, or otherwise.

Any underwriters that are qualified market makers on the New York Stock Exchange may engage in passive market making transactions in our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the common stock. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

In compliance with guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the maximum consideration or discount to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker dealer may not exceed 8% of the aggregate amount of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.

To the extent required, this prospectus may be amended or supplemented from time to time to describe a specific plan of distribution.

LEGAL MATTERS

Tonkon Torp LLP, Portland, Oregon and Paul Hastings LLP, New York, New York will pass upon the validity of the securities being offered by this prospectus. Any underwriter, dealer or agent may be advised about issues relating to any offering by its own legal counsel. The name of the law firm or law firms advising any underwriters, dealers or agents with respect to certain issues relating to any offering will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. as of August 31, 2015 and 2014, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended August 31, 2015, and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting as of August 31, 2015, have been incorporated by reference herein and in the Registration Statement in reliance upon the reports of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information on the operation of the Public Reference Room. Our SEC filings are also available to the public on the website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

You may also obtain free copies of the documents that we file with the SEC by going to the Investors Information section of our website, http://www.gbrx.com. Other than the documents specifically incorporated by reference into this prospectus below, the information contained or referred to on, or otherwise accessible through, our website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus and is not a part of this prospectus.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document that we have filed separately with the SEC. You should read the information incorporated by reference because it is an important part of this prospectus. Any information incorporated by reference into this prospectus is considered to be part of this prospectus from the date we file that document. We incorporate by reference the following information or documents that we have filed with the SEC (Commission File No. 001-13146) which shall not include, in each case, documents, or information deemed to have been furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC rules:

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Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on October 30, 2015;

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Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 22, 2015, October 30, 2015 (excluding Item 2.02 and Item 7.01) and November 2, 2015;

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Our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2014 (solely to the extent incorporated by reference into Part III of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2014); and

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The description of our common stock included in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on June 13, 1994, including all amendments and reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.

Any information in any of the foregoing documents will automatically be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent that information in this prospectus or in a later filed document or other report that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference modifies or replaces such information.

We also incorporate by reference any future filings (other than current reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items) made with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering. Information in such future filings updates and supplements the information provided in this prospectus. These documents include proxy statements and periodic reports, such as Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and, to the extent they are considered filed and except as described above, Current Reports on Form 8-K. Any statements in any such future filings will automatically be deemed to modify and supersede any information in any document we previously filed with the SEC that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference to the extent that statements in the later filed document modify or replace such earlier statements.

We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, without charge upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus, including exhibits which are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents. If you would like to request documents from us, please send a request in writing or by telephone to us at the following address:

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.

One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200

Lake Oswego, OR 97035

(503) 684-7000

Attn: Secretary

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Debt Securities

Guarantees

Warrants

Rights

Purchase Contracts

Units

PROSPECTUS

November 3, 2015

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The following table sets forth the estimated costs and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with the offering of the securities being registered. All the amounts shown are estimates, except for the SEC registration fee:


SEC Registration Fee	$	*
Legal Fees and Expenses	$	**
Printing and Engraving Expenses	$	**
Trustees’, Registrars and Transfer Agents’ Fees and Expenses	$	**
Accounting Fees and Expenses	$	**
Miscellaneous	$	**
Total	$	**

*	To be deferred pursuant to Rule 456(b) under the Securities Act and calculated in connection with the offering of securities under this registration statement pursuant to Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act.

**	These fees and expenses are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly, cannot be estimated at this time. An estimate of the aggregate amount of these fees and expenses will be reflected in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers

The Oregon Business Corporation Act, or the OBCA, authorizes the indemnification of a director or officer made party to a proceeding because the director or officer is or was a director or officer against liability (including amounts paid in settlement) incurred in the proceeding and against expenses with respect to the proceeding (including attorney fees) if: (a) the conduct of the director or officer was in good faith, (b) the director or officer reasonably believed that his conduct was in the best interests of the corporation or at least not opposed to its best interests, (c) in the case of a criminal proceeding, the director or officer had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, (d) in the case of any proceeding by or in the right of the corporation, if the director or officer was not adjudged liable, and (e) in connection with any other proceeding charging improper personal benefit to the director or officer, if the director or officer was not adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received by the director or officer. The OBCA mandates indemnification for all reasonable expenses incurred by directors and officers made a party to a proceeding because of being a director or officer of the corporation if the individual is wholly successful in the proceeding, on the merits or otherwise. The OBCA also authorizes a court to order indemnification, whether or not the above standards of conduct have been met, if the court determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification in view of all the relevant circumstances. The Company’s Articles of Incorporation permit, and the Company’s Bylaws require, the Company to indemnify directors and officers to the fullest extent permissible by law.

The OBCA further provides that the articles of incorporation of a corporation may provide that no director shall be personally liable to a corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for conduct as a director, except that such provision does not eliminate the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its shareholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of the law, (iii) for any unlawful distribution as defined under the OBCA, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. The Company’s Articles of Incorporation provide that, to the extent permissible by law, no director shall be personally liable to the Company or its shareholders for monetary damages.

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In addition to the indemnification and exculpation provided by the Company’s Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, the Company has entered into an indemnification agreement with its directors and certain officers. The indemnification agreements provide that no director or officer shall have a monetary liability of any kind in respect of the director’s or officer’s errors or omissions in serving the Company or any of its subsidiaries, shareholders or related enterprises, so long as such errors are not shown by clear and convincing evidence to have involved: (i) any breach of the duty of loyalty to such entities; (ii) any act or omission not in good faith or which involved intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of the law; (iii) any transaction from which the director or officer derived an improper personal benefit; (iv) any unlawful corporate distribution; or (v) profits made from the purchase and sale by the director or officer of securities of the Company within the meaning of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Furthermore, regardless of the theory of liability asserted and to the fullest extent permitted by law, no director or officer shall have personal liability for (i) punitive, exemplary or consequential damages; (ii) treble or other damages computed based upon any multiple of damages actually and directly proved to have been sustained; (iii) fees of attorneys, accountants, expert witnesses or professional consultants; or (iv) civil fines or penalties of any kind or nature whatsoever.

The indemnification agreements also require the Company to indemnify any director or officer who is a party to, or is threatened to be made a party to, any proceeding, against all expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement, actually and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with such proceeding, if the director or officer: (i) acted in good faith and in a manner the director or officer reasonably believed was in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company; and (ii) with respect to any criminal proceeding, the director or officer also had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director or officer is adjudged liable in any proceeding charging a director or officer with improper personal benefit to the director or officer on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received by the director or officer, the Company will not indemnify the director or officer unless the appropriate court determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification in view of all relevant circumstances.

The indemnification agreements also provide indemnity to a director or officer in proceedings brought by or in the right of the Company, as long as the director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Company. If a director or officer is adjudged liable to the Company, he or she will not be indemnified unless the appropriate court determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification in view of all relevant circumstances.

The Company maintains directors’ and officers’ liability insurance under which the Company’s directors and officers are insured against claims for errors, neglect, breach of duty and other matters.

Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Exhibit Index—


Exhibit No.		Exhibit Description

1.1*		Form of Underwriting Agreement

1.2*		Form of Placement Agent Agreement

3.1		Registrant’s Articles of Incorporation are incorporated herein by reference by Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed April 5, 2006.

3.2		Articles of Merger amending the Registrant’s Articles of Incorporation are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed April 5, 2006.

3.3		Registrant’s Bylaws, as amended January 11, 2006, are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed April 5, 2006.

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Exhibit No.		Exhibit Description

3.4		Amendment to the Registrant’s Bylaws dated October 31, 2006, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 6, 2006.

3.5		Amendment to the Registrant’s Bylaws dated November 6, 2007, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 8, 2007.

3.6		Amendment to the Registrant’s Bylaws dated April 8, 2008, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed April 11, 2008.

3.7		Amendment to the Registrant’s Bylaws dated April 7, 2009, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed April 13, 2009.

3.8		Amendment to the Registrant’s Bylaws dated June 8, 2009, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed June 10, 2009.

3.9		Amendment to the Registrant’s Bylaws dated June 10, 2009, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed June 12, 2009.

3.10		Amendment to the Registrant’s Bylaws, dated October 30, 2012, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 5, 2012.

3.11		Amendment to the Registrant’s Bylaws, dated January 9, 2013, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed January 15, 2013.

3.12		Amendment to the Registrant’s Bylaws, dated October 29, 2013, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed October 31, 2013.

3.13		Amendment to the Registrant’s Bylaws, dated July 1, 2015, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed July 8, 2015.

3.14		Amendment to the Registrant’s Bylaws, dated October 21, 2015, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed October 22, 2015.

3.15		Amendment to the Registrant’s Bylaws, dated October 30, 2015, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 2, 2015.

4.1		Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Registrant is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed April 7, 2010 (SEC File Number 333-165924).

4.2		Indenture between the Registrant, the Guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association as Trustee, dated May 22, 2006, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed May 25, 2006.

4.3		Indenture between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, including the form of Global Note attached as Exhibit A thereto, dated April 5, 2011, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed April 5, 2011.

4.4*		Certificate of Designation of Preferred Stock

4.5*		Form of Specimen Preferred Stock Certificate

4.6*		Form of Warrant Agreement (including form of Warrant Certificate)

4.7*		Form of Rights Agreement (including form of Rights Certificate)

4.8*		Form of Unit Agreement (including form of Unit Certificate)

4.9		Senior Debt Indenture

II-3


Exhibit No.		Exhibit Description

4.10		Subordinated Debt Indenture

4.11*		Form of Senior Note

4.12*		Form of Guarantee

4.13*		Form of Subordinated Note

4.14*		Form of Purchase Contract

5.1		Opinion of Tonkon Torp LLP

5.2		Opinion of Paul Hastings LLP

12.1		Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges for the years ended August 31, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011.

23.1		Consent of KPMG LLP

23.2		Consent of Tonkon Torp LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)

23.3		Consent of Paul Hastings LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2)

24		Power of Attorney (included on signature page)

25.1		Statement of Eligibility of Trustee on Form T-1 under the Senior Debt Indenture

25.2		Statement of Eligibility of Trustee on Form T-1 under the Subordinated Debt Indenture

*	To be filed by amendment or by a report filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference, if applicable.

Item 17. Undertakings

(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes as follows:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in the volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or

II-4

furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(i) If the registrant is relying on Rule 430B,

(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or

(ii) If the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

II-5

(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to an offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about an undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(6) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(7) To supplement the prospectus, after the expiration of the subscription period, to set forth the results of the subscription offer, the transactions by the underwriters during the subscription period, the amount of unsubscribed securities to be purchased by the underwriters, and the terms of any subsequent reoffering thereof. If any public offering by the underwriters is to be made on terms differing from those set forth in the prospectus included in this registration statement or the applicable prospectus supplement, a post-effective amendment will be filed to set forth the terms of such offering.

(8) To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act (the “Act”) in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Act.

(b) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Exchange Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

II-6

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the city of City of Lake Oswego, State of Oregon, on November 3, 2015.


THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

By:		/s/ William A. Furman
		William A. Furman President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints William A. Furman and Mark J. Rittenbaum, and each or any one of them, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.


Signature	Title	Date

/s/ William A. Furman William A. Furman	Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer)	November 3, 2015

/s/ Mark J. Rittenbaum Mark J. Rittenbaum	Executive Vice President And Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)	November 3, 2015

/s/ Adrian J. Downes Adrian J. Downes	Senior Vice President And Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)	November 3, 2015

/s/ Thomas B. Fargo Thomas B. Fargo	Director	November 3, 2015

/s/ Graeme A. Jack Graeme A. Jack	Director	November 3, 2015

/s/ Duane C. McDougall Duane C. McDougall	Director	November 3, 2015

II-7


Signature	Title	Date

/s/ A. Daniel O’Neal Jr. A. Daniel O’Neal Jr.	Director	November 3, 2015

/s/ Charles J. Swindells Charles J. Swindells	Director	November 3, 2015

/s/ Wendy L. Teramoto Wendy L. Teramoto	Director	November 3, 2015

/s/ Donald A. Washburn Donald A. Washburn	Director	November 3, 2015

/s/ Kelly M. Williams Kelly M. Williams	Director	November 3, 2015

II-8

Exhibit 4.9

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

as the Company

and

THE SUBSIDIARIES NAMED HEREIN

as Guarantors

WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

as Trustee

Senior Indenture

Dated as of , 20

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
ARTICLE I	DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION		1
Section 1.01	Definitions		1
Section 1.02	Other Definitions		6
Section 1.03	Compliance Certificates and Opinions		6
Section 1.04	Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee		7
Section 1.05	Acts of Holders; Record Dates		7
Section 1.06	Notices to Trustee, the Company or a Guarantor		8
Section 1.07	Notice to Holders; Waiver		9
Section 1.08	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act		9
Section 1.09	Effect of Headings and Table of Contents		9
Section 1.10	Successors and Assigns		9
Section 1.11	Separability Clause		9
Section 1.12	Benefits of Indenture		9
Section 1.13	Governing Law		9
Section 1.14	Legal Holidays		9
Section 1.15	Waiver of Jury Trial		10
Section 1.16	Force Majeure		10
Section 1.17	U.S.A. Patriot Act		10
ARTICLE II	SECURITY FORMS		10
Section 2.01	Form and Dating		10
ARTICLE III	THE SECURITIES		10
Section 3.01	Title and Terms		10
Section 3.02	Denominations		11
Section 3.03	Execution and Authentication		11
Section 3.04	Temporary Securities		11
Section 3.05	Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange		12
Section 3.06	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities		12
Section 3.07	Payment of Interest; Rights Preserved		13
Section 3.08	Persons Deemed Owners		14
Section 3.09	Cancellation		14
Section 3.10	Computation of Interest		14
Section 3.11	CUSIP and CINS Numbers		14
Section 3.12	Deposits of Monies		14
Section 3.13	Issuance of Additional Securities		14
ARTICLE IV	SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE		15
Section 4.01	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture		15
Section 4.02	Application of Trust Money		16
Section 4.03	Repayment of Moneys Held by Paying Agent		16
Section 4.04	Repayment of Moneys Held Trustee		16
ARTICLE V	REMEDIES		16
Section 5.01	Events of Default		16
Section 5.02	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment		17
Section 5.03	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee		17
Section 5.04	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim		18
Section 5.05	Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities		18
Section 5.06	Application of Money Collected		18
Section 5.07	Limitation on Suits		19
Section 5.08	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest		19
Section 5.09	Restoration of Rights and Remedies		19
Section 5.10	Rights and Remedies Cumulative		19
Section 5.11	Delay or Omission Not Waiver		19

Note: This table of contents shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.

-i-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)


		Page
Section 5.12	Control by Holders		20
Section 5.13	Waiver of Past Defaults		20
Section 5.14	Undertaking for Costs		20
Section 5.15	Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws		20
ARTICLE VI	THE TRUSTEE		20
Section 6.01	Certain Duties and Responsibilities		20
Section 6.02	Notice of Defaults		21
Section 6.03	Certain Rights of Trustee		21
Section 6.04	Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities		22
Section 6.05	May Hold Securities		22
Section 6.06	Money Held in Trust		22
Section 6.07	Compensation and Reimbursement		23
Section 6.08	Conflicting Interests		23
Section 6.09	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility		23
Section 6.10	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor		23
Section 6.11	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor		24
Section 6.12	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business		25
Section 6.13	Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company or a Guarantor		25
Section 6.14	Appointment of Authenticating Agent		25
ARTICLE VII	HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY		26
Section 7.01	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders		26
Section 7.02	Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders		26
Section 7.03	Reports by Trustee		26
Section 7.04	Reports by Company		26
ARTICLE VIII	CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE		26
Section 8.01	Company May Consolidate, Etc. Only on Certain Terms		26
Section 8.02	Successor Substituted		27
ARTICLE IX	AMENDMENTS; WAIVERS; SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES		27
Section 9.01	Amendments, Waivers and Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders		27
Section 9.02	Modifications, Amendments and Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders		28
Section 9.03	Execution of Supplemental Indentures		29
Section 9.04	Effect of Supplemental Indentures		29
Section 9.05	Conformity with Trust Indenture Act		29
Section 9.06	Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures		29
Section 9.07	Waiver of Certain Covenants		29
Section 9.08	No Liability for Certain Persons		29
ARTICLE X	COVENANTS		29
Section 10.01	Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest		29
Section 10.02	Maintenance of Office or Agency		30
Section 10.03	Money for Security Payments to be Held in Trust		30
Section 10.04	Existence; Activities		30
Section 10.05	Statement by Officers as to Default; Compliance Certificates		31
ARTICLE XI	REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES		31
Section 11.01	Right of Redemption		31
Section 11.02	Applicability of Article		31
Section 11.03	Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee		31
Section 11.04	Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed		31
Section 11.05	Notice of Redemption		31
Section 11.06	Deposit of Redemption Price		32
Section 11.07	Securities Payable on Redemption Date		32
Section 11.08	Securities Redeemed in Part		32

Note: This table of contents shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.

-ii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)


		Page
ARTICLE XII	DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE		33
Section 12.01	Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance		33
Section 12.02	Defeasance and Discharge		33
Section 12.03	Covenant Defeasance		33
Section 12.04	Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance		33
Section 12.05	Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions		34
Section 12.06	Reinstatement		35
ARTICLE XIII	GUARANTEE		35
Section 13.01	Guarantee		35
Section 13.02	Limitation on Liability		37
Section 13.03	Execution and Delivery of Guarantees		37
Section 13.04	Guarantors May Consolidate, Etc., on Certain Terms		37
Section 13.05	Release of Guarantors		37
Section 13.06	Successors and Assigns		37
Section 13.07	No Waiver, etc		38
Section 13.08	Modification, etc		38
SCHEDULE A			1
APPENDIX			1
EXHIBIT A			1
EXHIBIT B			1

Note: This table of contents shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.

-iii-

CROSS REFERENCE TABLE(1)


Trust Indenture Act Selection	Indenture Section
310(a)(1)		6.09
310(a)(2)		6.09
310(a)(3)		N.A.	(2)
310(a)(4)		N.A.
310(a)(5)		N.A.
310(b)		6.08; 6.10
310(c)		N.A.
311(a)		6.13
311(b)		6.13
311(c)		N.A.
312(a)		7.01; 7.02
312(b)		7.02
312(c)		7.02
313(a)		7.03
313(b)		7.03
313(c)		1.07; 7.03
313(d)		7.03
314(a)		7.04
314(a)(4)		1.03; 10.05
314(b)		N.A.
314(c)(1)		1.03
314(c)(2)		1.03
314(c)(3)		N.A.
314(d)		N.A.
314(e)		1.03
314(f)		N.A.
315(a)		6.01
315(b)		6.02
315(c)		6.01
315(d)		6.01
315(e)		5.14
316(a)(1)(A)		5.12
316(a)(1)(B)		5.13
316(a)(2)		N.A.
316(a)(last sentence)		1.01	(3)
316(b)		5.07; 5.08
316(c)		1.05
317(a)(1)		5.03
317(a)(2)		5.03; 5.04
317(b)		10.03
318(a)		1.08

(1)	Note: This Cross Reference Table shall not, for any purpose, be deemed part of this Indenture.

(2)	Not Applicable.

(3)	Definition of “Outstanding.”

-iv-

SENIOR INDENTURE, dated as of [ ], 20[ ], among THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Oregon (herein called the “Company”), having its principal office at One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200, Lake Oswego, Oregon, 97035, the Subsidiaries of the Company named in Schedule A (herein called the “Guarantors”) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, organized under the laws of the United States, having an office at 333 S. Grand Avenue, 5th Floor, Suite 5A, Los Angeles, CA 90071, as trustee (herein called the “Trustee”).

RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

The Company has duly authorized the creation of an issue of [ ]% Senior Notes due [ ] of substantially the tenor and amount hereinafter set forth, and to provide therefor, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture.

Each Guarantor desires to make the Guarantee provided herein and has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture.

All things necessary to make the Securities, when executed by the Company, authenticated and delivered hereunder and duly issued by the Company, and each Guarantee, when executed and delivered hereunder by each Guarantor, the valid and legally binding obligations of the Company and each Guarantor, and to make this Indenture a valid and legally binding agreement of the Company and each Guarantor, in accordance with their and its terms, have been done.

NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders (as defined herein) thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities, as follows:

ARTICLE I

Definitions and Other Provisions of General Application

SECTION 1.01 Definitions. For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

(2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein;

(3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with GAAP (whether or not such is indicated herein);

(4) unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an “Article” or a “Section” refers to an Article or Section, as the case may be, of this Indenture;

(5) the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision;

(6) each reference herein to a rule or form of the Commission shall mean such rule or form and any rule or form successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time;

(7) “or” is not exclusive;

(8) “including” means including without limitation;

(9) unsecured Indebtedness shall not be deemed to be subordinate or junior to secured Indebtedness merely by virtue of its nature as unsecured Indebtedness;

(10) the principal amount of any non-interest bearing or other discount security at any date shall be the principal amount thereof that would be shown on a balance sheet of the issuer dated such date prepared in accordance with GAAP; and

(11) all references to the date the Securities were originally issued shall refer to the Issue Date, except as otherwise specified.

Whenever this Indenture requires that a particular ratio or amount be calculated with respect to a specified period after giving effect to certain transactions or events on a pro forma basis, such calculation shall be made as if the transactions or events occurred on the first day of such period, unless otherwise specified.

“Act,” when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in Section 1.05.

“Additional Securities” means, any additional amount of the Securities issued from time to time after the Issue Date under the terms of this Indenture (other than pursuant to Sections 3.04, 3.05, 3.06 or 11.08 of this Indenture).

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any specified Person, (i) any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person, (ii) any other Person that owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of such specified Person’s Capital Stock or (iii) any officer or director of (A) any such specified Person, (B) any Subsidiary of such specified Person or (C) any Person described in clauses (i) or (ii) above.

“Authenticating Agent” means any Person authorized by the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.14 hereof to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities.

“Authorized Newspaper” means a newspaper, in the English language or in an official language of the country of publication, customarily published on each Business Day, whether or not published on Saturdays, Sundays or holidays, and of general circulation in the place in connection with which the term is used or in the financial community of such place. Where successive publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any Business Day.

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of a company or its equivalent, including managers of a limited liability company, general partners of a partnership or trustees of a business trust, or any duly authorized committee thereof.

“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of a company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors of such company and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

“Business Day” means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

“Capital Stock” means, with respect to any Person, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights in or other equivalents (however designated) of such Person’s capital stock or equity participations, and any rights (other than debt securities convertible into capital stock), warrants or options exchangeable for or convertible into such capital stock and, including, without limitation, with respect to partnerships, limited liability companies or business trusts, ownership interests (whether general or limited) and any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, such partnerships, limited liability companies or business trusts.

“Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.

“Company” means the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person.

“Company Order” or “Company Request” means a written order or request signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board of Directors, its Chief Executive Officer, its Chief Financial Officer, its President or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee or Paying Agent, as applicable.

“control” when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

“Corporate Trust Office” means the designated office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its principal corporate trust business shall be administered, which address as of the date of this Indenture is located at 333 S. Grand Avenue, 5th Floor, Suite 5A, Los Angeles, CA 90071, Attention: Corporate, Municipal and Escrow Services or such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of any successor Trustee (or such other address as a successor Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company).

“corporation” means (except in the definition of “Subsidiary”) a corporation, association, company, joint stock company or business trust.

“Default” means any event that is, or after notice or passage of time, or both, would be, an Event of Default.

“Depositary” means The Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation, or its successor.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Federal Bankruptcy Code” means Title 11, U.S. Code.

“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as may be approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession of the United States of America, as in effect on the date of any calculation or determination required hereunder; provided that the Company, on any date, may elect to establish that GAAP shall mean GAAP as in effect on such date; provided further that any such election, once made, shall be irrevocable. The Company shall give notice of any such election to the Trustee and the Holders of Securities.

“Global Security” has the meaning specified in the Appendix.

“guarantee” means, as applied to any obligation, (i) a guarantee (other than by endorsement of negotiable instruments for collection in the ordinary course of business), direct or indirect, in any manner, of any part or all of such obligation and (ii) an agreement, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, the practical effect of which is to assure in any way the payment or performance (or payment of damages in the event of nonperformance) of all or any part of such obligation, including, without limiting the foregoing, the payment of amounts available to be drawn down under letters of credit of another Person. The term “guarantee” used as a verb has a corresponding meaning. The term “guarantor” shall mean any Person providing a guarantee of any obligation.

“Guarantee” means each guarantee of the Securities contained in Article XIII given by each Guarantor.

“Guarantors” means the Persons named as “Guarantors” in the first paragraph of this instrument.

“Holder” means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Security Register.

“Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, respectively.

“Interest Payment Date” means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on the Securities.

“Issue Date” means [ ], 20[ ].

“Notice of Default” means a written notice of the kind specified in Section 5.02.

“Officer’s Certificate” means a certificate signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee. One of the officers signing an Officer’s Certificate given pursuant to Section 10.05 shall be the principal executive, financial or accounting officer of the Company.

“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, who may be counsel for the Company.

“Outstanding,” when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except:

(i) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

(ii) Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities; provided, however, that, if such securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made;

(iii) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 3.06 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company; and

(iv) Securities as to which Defeasance has been effected pursuant to Section 12.02;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given, made or taken any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action hereunder as of any date, Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding (it being understood that Securities to be acquired by the Company pursuant to an offer to purchase shall not be deemed to be owned by the Company until legal title to such Securities passes to the Company), except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,

consent, waiver or other action, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor.

“Paying Agent” means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities on behalf of the Company. The Company has initially appointed the Trustee as its Paying Agent pursuant to Section 10.02 hereof.

“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

“principal” of a Security means the principal of the Security plus the premium, if any, payable on that Security which is due or overdue or is to become due at the relevant time.

“Record Expiration Date” has the meaning specified in Section 1.05.

“Redemption Date,” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

“Redemption Price,” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture.

“Regular Record Date” for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date means the [ ] or [ ] (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date.

“Responsible Officer,” when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer within the Corporate Trust Office, including, any vice president, any assistant vice president, any assistant secretary, any assistant treasurer, or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.

“Securities” means the securities issued on the Issue Date and any Additional Securities, to be issued in one or more series.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.07.

“Stated Maturity” means, when used with respect to any Security or any installment of interest thereon, the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of interest is due and payable, and when used with respect to any other Indebtedness, means the date specified in the instrument governing such Indebtedness as the fixed date on which the principal of such Indebtedness, or any installment of interest thereon, is due and payable.

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (i) a corporation a majority of whose Voting Stock is at the time, directly or indirectly, owned by such Person, by one or more Subsidiaries of such Person or by such Person and one or more Subsidiaries thereof and (ii) any other Person (other than a corporation), including, without limitation, a partnership, limited liability company, business trust or joint venture, in which such Person, one or more Subsidiaries thereof or such Person and one or more Subsidiaries thereof, directly or indirectly, at the date of determination thereof, has at least majority ownership interest entitled to vote in the election of directors, managers

or trustees thereof (or other Person performing similar functions). For purposes of this definition, any directors’ qualifying shares or investments by foreign nationals mandated by applicable law shall be disregarded in determining the ownership of a Subsidiary. For purposes of this Agreement, this definition does not include any special purpose entity or joint venture.

“Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date as of which this instrument was executed; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “Trust Indenture Act” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

“Trustee” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean such successor Trustee.

“Vice President,” when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title “vice president.”

“Voting Stock” means any class or classes of Capital Stock pursuant to which the holders thereof have the general voting power under ordinary circumstances to elect at least a majority of the board of directors, managers or trustees of any Person (irrespective of whether or not, at the time, stock of any other class or classes shall have, or might have, voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency).

SECTION 1.02 Other Definitions.


Term	Defined in Section
“Covenant Defeasance”		Section 12.03
“Defaulted Interest”		Section 3.07
“Defeasance”		Section 12.02
“Definitive Security”		Appendix
“Depositary”		Appendix
“Event of Default”		Section 5.01
“Global Security”		Appendix
“Guarantee Obligations”		Section 13.01
“Securities Custodian”		Appendix
“Security Register” or “Security Registrar”		Section 3.05
“Surviving Entity”		Section 8.01
“U.S. Government Obligation”		Section 12.04

SECTION 1.03 Compliance Certificates and Opinions. Upon any application or request by the Company or a Guarantor to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company or the Guarantor shall furnish to the Trustee such certificates and opinions as may be required under the Trust Indenture Act. Each such certificate or opinion shall be given in the form of an Officer’s Certificate, if to be given by an officer of the Company or a Guarantor, or an Opinion of Counsel, if to be given by counsel, and shall comply with the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act and any other requirement set forth in this Indenture.

Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:

(i) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating thereto;

(ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

(iii) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

(iv) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

SECTION 1.04 Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee. In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company or a Guarantor may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company or a Guarantor stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company or such Guarantor, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.

Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

SECTION 1.05 Acts of Holders; Record Dates. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company or a Guarantor, as applicable. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 6.01) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section.

The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

The ownership of Securities shall be proved exclusively by the Security Register for all purposes.

Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee, the Company or a Guarantor in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security.

The Company may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities entitled to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders of Securities, provided, however, that the Company may not set a record date for, and the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply with respect to, the giving or making of any notice, declaration, request or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided, however, that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Record Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be cancelled and of no effect), nor shall anything in this paragraph be construed to render ineffective any action taken pursuant to or in accordance with any other provision of this Indenture by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable Record Expiration Date to be given to the Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities in the manner set forth in Section 1.07.

The Trustee may but need not set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities entitled to join in the giving or making of (i) any Notice of Default, (ii) any declaration of acceleration referred to in Section 5.02, (iii) any request to institute proceedings referred to in Section 5.07(i) or (iv) any direction referred to in Section 5.12. If any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided, however, that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Record Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Trustee from setting a new record date for any action (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and without any action by any Person be cancelled and of no effect), nor shall anything in this paragraph be construed to render ineffective any action taken pursuant to or in accordance with any other provision of this Indenture by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee, at the Company’s expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the matter(s) to be submitted for potential action by Holders and the applicable Record Expiration Date to be given to the Company in writing and to each Holder of Securities in the manner set forth in Section 1.07.

With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party hereto that sets such record date may designate any day as the “Record Expiration Date” and from time to time may change the Record Expiration Date to any earlier or later day, provided, however, that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the proposed new Record Expiration Date is given to the other party hereto in writing, and to each Holder of Securities in the manner set forth in Section 1.07, on or before the existing Record Expiration Date. If a Record Expiration Date is not designated with respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party hereto that set such record date shall be deemed to have initially designated the 180th day after such record date as the Record Expiration Date with respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Record Expiration Date as provided in this paragraph. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Record Expiration Date shall be later than the 180th day after the applicable record date.

Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to take any action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with regard to all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with regard to all or any part of such principal amount.

SECTION 1.06 Notices to Trustee, the Company or a Guarantor. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

(i) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company or a Guarantor shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, Attention: Corporate, Municipal and Escrow Services,

(ii) the Company or a Guarantor by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company or such Guarantor addressed to it at the address of the Company’s principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument, or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.

SECTION 1.07 Notice to Holders; Waiver. Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid (or by electronic transmission in the case of notes held in book entry form), to each Holder affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date (if any), and not earlier than the earliest date (if any), prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail or receive such notice, nor any defect in any such notice, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency or validity of such notice. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

SECTION 1.08 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act. If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision of the Trust Indenture Act that is required under the Trust Indenture Act to be part of and govern this Indenture, such provision of the Trust Indenture Act shall control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust Indenture Act that may be so modified or excluded, such provision shall be deemed to be so modified or excluded, as the case may be.

SECTION 1.09 Effect of Headings and Table of Contents. The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

SECTION 1.10 Successors and Assigns. Without limiting Articles VIII and XIII hereof, all covenants and agreements in this Indenture by each of the Company or the Guarantors shall bind their respective successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

SECTION 1.11 Separability Clause. In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

SECTION 1.12 Benefits of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors hereunder and the Holders of Securities, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

SECTION 1.13 Governing Law. This Indenture, the Securities and the Guarantees shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

SECTION 1.14 Legal Holidays. In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) need not be made on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect (including with respect to the accrual of interest) as if made on the Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or at the Stated Maturity.

SECTION 1.15 Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH OF THE COMPANY, THE GUARANTORS, THE HOLDERS AND THE TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE SECURITIES OR THE TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

SECTION 1.16 Force Majeure. In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.

SECTION 1.17 U.S.A. Patriot Act. The parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance with Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee, like all financial institutions, in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identities each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The parties to this Indenture agree that they will provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot Act.

ARTICLE II

Security Forms

SECTION 2.01 Form and Dating. Provisions relating to the Securities are set forth in the Appendix, which is hereby incorporated in and expressly made a part of this Indenture. The Securities and the Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, which is hereby incorporated in and expressly made a part of this Indenture. The Securities may have notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule, agreements to which the Company or any Guarantor is subject, if any, or usage (provided that any such notation, legend or endorsement is in a form acceptable to the Company). Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

ARTICLE III

The Securities

SECTION 3.01 Title and Terms. The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series. Additional Securities may be issued, authenticated and delivered pursuant to Section 3.13, and Securities may be authenticated and delivered upon registration or transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities pursuant to Sections 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 9.06 or 11.08.

The principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities shall be payable at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or such other office maintained by the Trustee for such purpose and at any other office or agency maintained by the Company for such purpose; provided, however, that, at the option of the Company, payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or wire transfer or other electronic means.

The Securities shall be redeemable as provided in Article XI and the Securities.

The Securities shall be subject to Defeasance and/or Covenant Defeasance as provided in Article XII.

All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company and set forth in an Officer’s Certificate or in any indenture supplement hereto. Not all Securities of any one series needs to be issued at the same time, and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened for issuances of additional Securities of such series.

SECTION 3.02 Denominations. The Securities shall be issuable only in registered form without coupons and only in denominations of $1,000 principal amount and any integral multiple thereof.

SECTION 3.03 Execution and Authentication. The terms and provisions contained in the Securities annexed hereto as Exhibit A shall constitute, and are hereby expressly made, a part of this Indenture and, to the extent applicable, the Company and the Trustee, by their execution and delivery of this Indenture, expressly agree to such terms and provisions and to be bound thereby.

The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board of Directors, its Chief Executive Officer, its President or one of its Vice Presidents, its Chief Operating Officer, or its Chief Financial Officer. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile.

Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, which shall specify the amount of the Securities to be authenticated and the date on which the original issue of Securities is to be authenticated and, in the case of an issuance of Additional Securities pursuant to Section 3.13 after the Issue Date, shall certify that such issuance is in compliance with this Indenture; and the Trustee in accordance with such Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities as provided in this Indenture and not otherwise.

Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein executed by the Trustee by manual signature, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder.

Authentication by counterpart shall satisfy the requirements of this Section 3.03 and the requirements of the Securities.

SECTION 3.04 Temporary Securities. Pending the preparation of Definitive Securities, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the Definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

If temporary Securities are issued, the Company will cause Definitive Securities to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of Definitive Securities, the temporary Securities shall be exchangeable for Definitive Securities upon surrender of the temporary Securities at any office or agency of the Company designated pursuant to Section 10.02, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of Definitive Securities of authorized denominations and of a like tenor. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as Definitive Securities.

SECTION 3.05 Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange. The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other office or agency designated pursuant to Section 10.02 being herein sometimes collectively referred to as the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as the Company may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The Trustee is hereby appointed (a) the initial “Security Registrar” for the purpose of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided and (b) the Securities Custodian with respect to the Global Securities.

The Securities shall be issued in registered form and shall be transferable only upon the surrender of a Security for registration of transfer and in compliance with the Appendix. When a Security is presented to the Security Registrar with a request to register a transfer, the Security Registrar shall register the transfer as requested if its requirements therefor are met. When Securities are presented to the Security Registrar with a request to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of other denominations, the Security Registrar shall make the exchange as requested if the same requirements are met. To permit registration of transfers and exchanges, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Security Registrar’s request.

All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange pursuant to the terms of this Indenture shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities except as provided in Section 3.06, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 3.04, Section 9.06 or Section 11.08, and in any such case not involving any transfer.

Neither the Company nor the Security Registrar shall be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities selected for redemption under Section 11.05 and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part or (iii) to register the transfer of any Securities other than Securities having a principal amount of $1,000 or integral multiples thereof.

Prior to the due presentation at maturity or for registration of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Guarantors, the Trustee, the Paying Agent, and the Security Registrar may deem and treat the Person in whose name a Security is registered as the absolute owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and interest, if any, on such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security is overdue, and none of the Company, any Guarantor, the Trustee, the Paying Agent, or the Security Registrar shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

Any Holder of a Global Security shall, by acceptance of such Global Security, agree that transfers of beneficial interest in such Global Security may be effected only through a book-entry system maintained by (a) the Holder of such Global Security (or its agent) or (b) any Holder of a beneficial interest in such Global Security, and that ownership of a beneficial interest in such Global Security shall be required to be reflected in a book entry.

SECTION 3.06 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities. If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of each of them harmless, then, in the absence of written notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute, and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

Every new Security issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities duly issued hereunder.

The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

SECTION 3.07 Payment of Interest; Rights Preserved. Interest on any Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more predecessor securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest payment.

Any interest on any Security which is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in paragraph (1) or (2) below:

(1) the Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities (or their respective predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 15 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be given to each Holder in the manner specified in Section 1.07, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Securities (or their respective predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2).

(2) the Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause (2), such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 3.05, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

SECTION 3.08 Persons Deemed Owners. Prior to due presentment of a Security at maturity or for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall treat the Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Section 3.07) interest on such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

Section 3.09 Cancellation. All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer or exchange shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee and shall be promptly cancelled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All cancelled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of by the Trustee in its customary manner.

SECTION 3.10 Computation of Interest. Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months.

SECTION 3.11 CUSIP and CINS Numbers. The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” and “CINS” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use the CUSIP or CINS numbers in notices of redemption or repurchase as a convenience to Holders; provided, however, that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption or repurchase and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption or repurchase shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of any change in the CUSIP or CINS numbers.

SECTION 3.12 Deposits of Monies. Except to the extent payment of interest is made by the Company’s check pursuant to Section 3.01, prior to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on each Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date and Stated Maturity, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent in immediately available funds money sufficient to make cash payments, if any, due on such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity in a timely manner which permits the Paying Agent to remit payment to the Holders on such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity.

SECTION 3.13 Issuance of Additional Securities. The Company shall be entitled, subject to its compliance with this Indenture, to issue Additional Securities under this Indenture which shall have identical terms as the Securities issued on the Issue Date, other than with respect to the date of issuance and issue price provided, however, that no Additional Securities shall be issued that are not fungible for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, with any other securities issued under this Indenture. The Securities issued on the Issue Date and any Additional Securities shall be treated as a single class for all purposes under this Indenture.

With respect to any Additional Securities, the Company shall set forth in a resolution of its Board of Directors and an Officer’s Certificate, a copy of each which shall be delivered to the Trustee, the following information:

(1) whether such Additional Securities shall be issued as part of a new or existing series of Securities and the title of such Additional Securities (which shall distinguish the Additional Securities of the series from Securities of any other series);

(2) the aggregate principal amount of such Additional Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, which may be in an unlimited aggregate principal amount;

(3) the issue price and issuance date of such Additional Securities, including the date from which interest on such Additional Securities shall accrue; and

(4) if applicable, that such Additional Securities shall be issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and, in such case, the respective depositaries for such Global Securities, the form of any legend or legends which shall be borne by such Global Securities in addition to or in lieu of those set forth in Exhibit A hereto and any circumstances in addition to or in lieu of those set forth in Section 2.4 of the Appendix in which any such Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for Additional Securities registered, or any transfer of such Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in the name or names of Persons other than the depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof.

ARTICLE IV

Satisfaction and Discharge

SECTION 4.01 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. This Indenture shall cease to be of further effect (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities herein expressly provided for), and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when

(1) either

(A) all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or repaid as provided in Section 3.06 and (ii) Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 10.03) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

(B) all Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (other than Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or repaid as provided in Section 3.06),

(i) have become due and payable, or

(ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or

(iii) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire Indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be, together with irrevocable instructions from the Company directing the Trustee to apply such funds to the payment thereof at maturity or redemption, as the case may be;

(2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder in respect of Securities of such series by the Company or the Guarantors; and

(3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture in respect of Securities of such series have been complied with.

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture pursuant to this Article IV, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 6.07, the obligations of the Company to any Authenticating Agent under Section 6.14 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 4.02 and the last paragraph of Section 10.03 shall survive such satisfaction and discharge.

SECTION 4.02 Application of Trust Money. Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.03, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.01 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if any) and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee.

SECTION 4.03 Repayment of Moneys Held by Paying Agent. In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of a series under this Indenture, all moneys then held by any Paying Agent (other than the Trustee, if the Trustee be a Paying Agent) under the provisions of this Indenture in respect of Securities of such series shall, upon demand of the Company, be repaid to it or paid to the Trustee and thereupon such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys.

SECTION 4.04 Repayment of Moneys Held Trustee. Any moneys deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent for the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) or interest, if any, on any Security of any series and not applied but remaining unclaimed by the Holders for two years after the date upon which the principal of (or premium, if any, on) or interest, if any, on such Security shall have become due and payable, shall be repaid to the Company by the Trustee or such Paying Agent on demand; and the Holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter look only to the Company for the payment thereof and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such moneys shall thereupon cease.

ARTICLE V

Remedies

SECTION 5.01 Events of Default. “Event of Default,” wherever used herein, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body):

(1) default in the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, when due and payable, on any of the Securities (at Stated Maturity, upon optional redemption or otherwise); or

(2) default in the payment of an installment of interest on any of the Securities, when due and payable, and the continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

(3) the entry of a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the premises (A) for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under the Federal Bankruptcy Code or any other Federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar law or (B) adjudging the Company bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company under the Federal Bankruptcy Code or any other similar Federal, state or foreign law, or appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Company or of any substantial part of any of its properties, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of any of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or

(4) the institution by the Company of a voluntary case or proceeding under the Federal Bankruptcy Code or any other similar Federal, state or foreign law or any other case or proceedings to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by the Company to the entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in any involuntary case or proceeding under the Federal Bankruptcy Code or any other similar Federal, state or foreign law or to the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against the Company, or the filing by the Company of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under the Federal Bankruptcy Code or any other similar Federal, state or foreign law, or the consent by it to the filing of any such petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee or sequestrator (or other similar official) of any of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due or the taking of corporate action by the Company in furtherance of any such action; or

(5) any of the Guarantees ceases to be in full force and effect or any of the Guarantees is declared to be null and void and unenforceable or any of the Guarantees is found to be invalid or any of the Guarantors denies its liability under its Guarantee (other than by reason of release of Guarantor in accordance with the terms of this Indenture).

SECTION 5.02 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. If an Event of Default (other than those covered by clause (3) or (4) of Section 5.01 with respect to the Company) shall occur and be continuing, the Trustee, by notice to the Company, or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities then Outstanding, by notice to the Trustee and the Company, may declare the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Outstanding Securities due and payable immediately, upon which declaration, all amounts payable in respect of the Securities shall be due and payable as of the date which is five Business Days after the giving of such notice. If an Event of Default specified in clause (3) or (4) of Section 5.01 with respect to the Company occurs and is continuing, then the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all the Outstanding Securities shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder of Securities.

After a declaration of acceleration under this Indenture, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind such declaration if

(1) the Company or any Guarantor has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay:

(A) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee under this Indenture and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel;

(B) all overdue interest on all Securities;

(C) the principal of and premium, if any, on any Securities which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and interest thereon at the rate borne by the Securities; and

(D) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon overdue interest and overdue principal at the rate set forth in the Securities which has become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration;

(2) the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction; and

(3) all Events of Default, other than the non-payment of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities that have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereto.

SECTION 5.03 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. The Company and each Guarantor covenants that if:

(i) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

(ii) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security on the due date for payment thereof and such default continues for a period of five business days, the Company or such Guarantor will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal (and premium, if any) and on any overdue interest, at the rate provided by the Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

In addition to the rights and powers set forth in Section 317(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall be entitled to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the Holders of the Securities allowed in any judicial proceeding relative to the Company, any Guarantor or any other obligor upon the Securities, its creditors, or its property, and to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims, and to distribute the same after the deduction of its charges and expenses; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the Holders to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for compensation and expenses, including counsel fees incurred by it up to the date of such distribution.

If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem necessary to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

SECTION 5.04 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company, a Guarantor (or any other obligor upon the Securities), any of their property or any of their creditors, the Trustee shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, to take any and all actions authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to have claims of the Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such proceeding. In particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.07.

No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; provided, however, that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member of a creditors’ or other similar committee.

SECTION 5.05 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, distributions and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

SECTION 5.06 Application of Money Collected. Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.07;

SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively;

THIRD: To the payment of any and all other amounts due under this Indenture, the Securities or the Guarantees; and

FOURTH: To the Company (or such other Person as a court of competent jurisdiction may direct).

Section 5.07 Limitation on Suits. Subject to Section 5.08, no Holder of any Security shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless

(i) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default;

(ii) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

(iii) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, loss, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

(iv) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

(v) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities; it being understood and intended that no one or more Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all the Holders.

SECTION 5.08 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Section 3.07) interest on such Security on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of a redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

SECTION 5.09 Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, each Guarantor, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted, subject to the determination in such proceeding.

SECTION 5.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section 3.06, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

SECTION 5.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.

SECTION 5.12 Control by Holders. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities shall have the right to direct in writing the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, provided that:

(i) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,

(ii) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction,

(iii) such direction is not unduly prejudicial to the rights of Holders not taking part in such direction, and

(iv) such direction would not involve the Trustee in personal liability.

SECTION 5.13 Waiver of Past Defaults. The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series waive any past default hereunder and its consequences, except a default

(i) in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, or

(ii) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article IX cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

SECTION 5.14 Undertaking for Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by such Holder’s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to file an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses), and may assess costs against any such party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the Trust Indenture Act; provided, that neither this Section nor the Trust Indenture Act shall be deemed to authorize any court to require such an undertaking or to make such an assessment in any suit instituted by the Company or a Guarantor, in any suit instituted by the Trustee, in any suit instituted by any Holder or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, or in any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of a redemption, on or after the Redemption Date).

SECTION 5.15 Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws. The Company and each Guarantor covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company and each Guarantor (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

ARTICLE VI

The Trustee

SECTION 6.01 Certain Duties and Responsibilities. (a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default,

(ii) the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

(iii) the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions which by the provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein).

(b) In case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs.

(c) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent misconduct, except that no provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers under this Indenture, unless the Trustee has received security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in the performance of its duties hereunder.

(d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section 6.01.

(e) In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any special, indirect, punitive or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but not limited to loss of profit), irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.

(f) Any permissive right or authority granted to the Trustee shall not be construed as a duty.

SECTION 6.02 Notice of Defaults. If a Default or an Event of Default occurs and is known to the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.03(j), the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register, notice of such Default or Event of Default hereunder known to the Trustee within 90 days after obtaining such knowledge, unless such Default shall have been cured or waived; provided, however, that, except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Holders.

SECTION 6.03 Certain Rights of Trustee. Subject to the provisions of Section 6.01:

(a) the Trustee may conclusively rely as to the truth of the statements and correctness of the opinions expressed therein and shall be fully protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, Officer’s Certificate, certificate of auditors or any other certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

(b) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order and any resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution of the Company;

(c) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may rely upon an Officer’s Certificate;

(d) the Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

(e) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction;

(f) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled (subject to reasonable confidentiality arrangements as may be proposed by the Company or any Guarantor) to make reasonable examination (upon prior notice and during regular business hours) of the books, records and premises of the Company or a Guarantor, personally or by agent or attorney at the sole cost of the Company and shall incur no liability or additional liability of any kind by reason of such inquiry or investigation;

(g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys or custodians or nominees and the Trustee shall not be responsible for the supervision of, or any misconduct or negligence on the part of, any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder;

(h) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered, or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and reasonably believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

(i) in the event that the Trustee is also acting as Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or Securities Custodian hereunder, the rights and protections afforded to the Trustee pursuant to this Article VI, including its right to be indemnified, shall also be afforded to such Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar and Securities Custodian;

(j) the Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities and this Indenture;

(k) the Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the performance of its duties and powers hereunder; and

(l) the Trustee may request that the Company deliver a certificate setting forth the names of the individuals and/or titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture.

SECTION 6.04 Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee or any Authenticating Agent assumes no responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

SECTION 6.05 May Hold Securities. The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar, any Securities Custodian or any other agent of the Company or any Guarantor, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Section 6.08 and Section 6.13, may otherwise deal with the Company or a Guarantor with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar, Securities Custodian or such other agent.

SECTION 6.06 Money Held in Trust. Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed in writing with the Company.

SECTION 6.07 Compensation and Reimbursement. The Company agrees (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree in writing for all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust); (2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to promptly reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may have been caused by its negligence; and (3) to indemnify the Trustee, its directors, officers, agents and employees for, and to hold them harmless against, any and all loss, damage, claim, liability or expense incurred without negligence on its part, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the revenue or income of the Trustee), arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim (whether asserted by the Company, a Holder or any other Person) or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder.

The Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities as to all property and funds held by it hereunder for any amount owing to it pursuant to this Section 6.07, except with respect to funds held in trust for the benefit of the Holders of particular Securities.

When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 5.01(3) or Section 5.01(4), the expenses (including the reasonable charges and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law.

Notwithstanding any provisions of this Indenture, the provisions of this Section shall survive the resignation or removal of the Trustee and any satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture.

SECTION 6.08 Conflicting Interests. If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall either eliminate such interest or resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture.

SECTION 6.09 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility. There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which shall be a Person that is eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and has, or is a wholly owned subsidiary of a bank holding company that has, a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 and a Corporate Trust Office in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York or such other specified, mutually satisfactory location. If such Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of a Federal or state supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section and to the extent permitted by the Trust Indenture Act, the combined capital and surplus of such Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.

SECTION 6.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor. (a) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11.

(b) The Trustee may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If an instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11 shall not have been delivered to the Company and the resigning Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition, at the expense of the Company, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

(c) The Trustee may be removed at any time by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, delivered to the Trustee and to the Company. If an instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11 shall not have been delivered to the Company and the Trustee being removed within 30 days after the giving of such notice of removal, the Trustee being removed may petition, at the expense of the Company, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

(d) If at any time:

(i) the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 6.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

(ii) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 6.09 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company, any Guarantor or by any such Holder, or

(iii) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation,

then, in any such case, (A) the Company or any Guarantor, in each case by a Board Resolution, may remove the Trustee, or (B) subject to Section 5.14, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee.

(e) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11, become the successor Trustee and supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

(f) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee and each appointment of a successor Trustee to all Holders in the manner provided in Section 1.07. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

(g) The resignation or removal of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 6.10 shall not affect the obligation of the Company to indemnify the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.07 in connection with the exercise or performance by the Trustee prior to its resignation or removal of any of its powers or duties hereunder.

(h) No Trustee under this Indenture shall be liable for any action or omission of any successor Trustee.

SECTION 6.11 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. Every successor Trustee appointed hereunder shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder. Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts.

No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.

SECTION 6.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided, however, that such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

SECTION 6.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company or a Guarantor. If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company or a Guarantor (or any other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against the Company or such Guarantor (or any such other obligor).

SECTION 6.14 Appointment of Authenticating Agent. The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities issued upon original issue and upon exchange or registration of transfer or partial redemption or pursuant to Section 3.06, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital and surplus as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which is organized or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such business and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided that such corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give notice of such appointment in the manner provided in Section 1.07, to all Holders as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.

The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section.

ARTICLE VII

Holders’ Lists and Reports by Trustee and Company

SECTION 7.01 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders. The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee a list of the names and addresses of the Holders in such form as the Trustee may reasonably request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; excluding from any such list names and addresses received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar.

SECTION 7.02 Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders. (a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 7.01 and the names and addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar, if so acting.

(b) The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding rights and duties of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust Indenture Act.

(c) Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company, any Guarantor nor the Trustee nor any agent of any of them shall be held accountable by reason of any disclosure of information as to the names and addresses of Holders made pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 7.03 Reports by Trustee. (a) Within 60 days after June 15 of each year, commencing June 15, 2016, the Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture to the extent required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto.

(b) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which the Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee in writing when the Securities are listed on any stock exchange and of any delisting thereof.

SECTION 7.04 Reports by Company. The Company shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, and transmit to Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act; provided that any such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is filed with the Commission.

Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer’s Certificates).

ARTICLE VIII

Consolidation, Merger, Conveyance, Transfer or Lease

SECTION 8.01 Company May Consolidate, Etc. Only on Certain Terms. The Company will not, in any transaction or series of transactions, merge or consolidate with or into, or sell, assign, convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its properties and assets as an entirety to, any Person or Persons unless at the time and after giving effect thereto:

(1) either:

(x) if the transaction or transactions is a merger or consolidation, the Company shall be the surviving Person of such merger or consolidation, or

(y) the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which the properties and assets of the Company are transferred substantially as an entirety (any such surviving Person or transferee Person being the “Surviving Entity”) shall be a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly assume by a supplemental indenture executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, all the obligations of the Company under the Securities and this Indenture, and this Indenture, the Securities and the Guarantees shall remain in full force and effect; and

(2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction or series of transactions on a pro forma basis, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing.

In connection with any consolidation, merger, transfer, lease, assignment or other disposition contemplated by the foregoing provisions of this Section 8.01, the Company shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Trustee, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, transfer, lease, assignment, or other disposition and the supplemental indenture in respect thereof (required under clause (1)(y) of this Section 8.01) comply with the requirements of this Indenture.

SECTION 8.02 Successor Substituted. Except as otherwise provided by Section 13.05, upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, assignment, conveyance, transfer, lease or disposition of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company in accordance with Section 8.01, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the successor Person to which such sale, assignment, conveyance, transfer, lease or disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of the Company under the Securities and this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor had been named as the Company in the Securities and this Indenture and, except in the case of a lease, the Company shall be released and discharged from its obligations thereunder.

ARTICLE IX

Amendments; Waivers; Supplemental Indentures

SECTION 9.01 Amendments, Waivers and Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders. Without the consent of any Holders, when authorized by a Board Resolution, the Company and each Guarantor, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may together amend, waive or supplement this Indenture or the Securities, for any of the following purposes:

(i) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company or a Guarantor and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company or such Guarantor herein and in the Securities or such Guarantor’s Guarantee and to evidence the assumption of obligations under this Indenture;

(ii) to add to the covenants of the Company or a Guarantor for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating, that such covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series), or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company or a Guarantor;

(iii) to secure the Securities;

(iv) to comply with any requirements of the Commission in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;

(v) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture which shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture as evidenced in an Officer’s Certificate;

(vi) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture, provided that any such change or elimination shall not apply to any Outstanding Security of any series issued prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture which is entitled to the benefit of such provision; or

(vii) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant in accordance with the terms hereof; provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such series or any other series of Securities in any material respect;

provided, however, that (a) such amendment, waiver or supplement does not adversely affect the rights of any Holder of Securities and (b) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel and Officer’s Certificate stating that such action pursuant to clauses (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) or (vii) above is permitted by this Indenture and constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against it in accordance with its terms. The Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such amendment, waiver or supplemental indenture that adversely affects its own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

SECTION 9.02 Modifications, Amendments and Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders. With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company and the Guarantors, when authorized by Board Resolutions, and the Trustee may together modify, amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such modification, amendment or supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby,

(i) reduce the principal amount of, extend the Stated Maturity of or alter the redemption provisions of, the Securities,

(ii) change the currency in which any Securities or any premium or the interest thereon is payable,

(iii) reduce the percentage in principal amount of Outstanding Securities that must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver or consent to take any action under this Indenture or the Securities or any Guarantee,

(iv) impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to the Securities or any Guarantee,

(v) waive a default in payment with respect to the Securities or any Guarantee,

(vi) reduce or change the rate or time for payment of interest on the Securities, or

(vii) modify or change any provision of this Indenture affecting the ranking of the Securities or any Guarantee in a manner adverse to the Holders of the Securities.

It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment or supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of only one or more particular series with respect to a covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

The Trustee shall join with the Company and each Guarantor in the execution of such amended or supplemental indenture unless such amended or supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such amendment or supplemental indenture.

SECTION 9.03 Execution of Supplemental Indentures. In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be given, and (subject to Section 6.01) shall be fully protected in conclusively relying upon, an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture and constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against it in accordance with its terms. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise; provided that the Trustee shall enter into and execute all other supplemental indentures which satisfy all applicable conditions under this Article IX.

SECTION 9.04 Effect of Supplemental Indentures. Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.

SECTION 9.05 Conformity with Trust Indenture Act. Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

SECTION 9.06 Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture, provided that any failure by the Trustee to make such notation shall not affect the validity of the matter provided for in such supplemental indenture or any Security or Guarantee hereunder. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series or Guarantees so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee, the Guarantors and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company or Guarantor and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

SECTION 9.07 Waiver of Certain Covenants. The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any covenant or condition set forth in Section 8.01 and pursuant to Section 9.01(i), if before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities shall, by Act of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such covenant or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such covenant or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such covenant or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 9.08 No Liability for Certain Persons. No director, officer, employee, or stockholder of the Company, nor any director, officer or employee of any Guarantor, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Company or any Guarantor under the Securities, the Guarantees or this Indenture based on or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The foregoing waiver and release are an integral part of the consideration for the issuance of the Securities and the Guarantees.

ARTICLE X

Covenants

SECTION 10.01 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest. The Company shall duly and punctually pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities in accordance with the terms of the Securities and this Indenture. The Company will deposit or cause to be deposited with the Trustee or its nominee, no later than the opening of business on the date of the Stated Maturity of any Security or no later than the opening of business on the due date for any installment of interest, all payments so due, which payments shall be in immediately available funds on the date of such Stated Maturity or due date as the case may be.

SECTION 10.02 Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Company shall maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, an office or agency where Securities may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company or any Guarantor in respect of the Securities, the Guarantees and this Indenture may be served. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at a Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. In the event any such notice or demands are so made or served on the Trustee, the Trustee shall promptly forward copies thereof to the Company.

The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies (in or outside the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York) where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, for such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency.

The Company hereby initially designates the Trustee as Paying Agent and Security Registrar, and the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, as one such office or agency of the Company for each of the aforesaid purposes.

SECTION 10.03 Money for Security Payments to be Held in Trust. If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any of the Securities, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents, the Company will, prior to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held as provided by the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

The Company shall cause each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will: (i) comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as Paying Agent and (ii) during the continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities) in the making of any payment in respect of the Securities, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent as such.

The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent (other than the Company) to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.

Subject to applicable escheatment laws, any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Security and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal (and premium, if any) or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease.

SECTION 10.04 Existence; Activities. Subject to Article VIII, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its existence, rights (charter and statutory) and material

franchises; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right or franchise if the Board of Directors of the Company in good faith shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and that the loss thereof is not disadvantageous in any material respect to the Holders.

SECTION 10.05 Statement by Officers as to Default; Compliance Certificates. (a) The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an Officer’s Certificate, stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signers thereof the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder), and if the Company shall be in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of which he may have knowledge.

(b) The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, as soon as possible and in any event within five days after the Company becomes aware of the occurrence of a Default or an Event of Default, an Officer’s Certificate setting forth the details of such Default or Event of Default, and the action which the Company proposes to take with respect thereto.

ARTICLE XI

Redemption of Securities

SECTION 11.01 Right of Redemption. The Securities may be redeemed at the election of the Company, in the amounts, at the times, at the Redemption Prices (together with any applicable accrued and unpaid interest to the Redemption Date), and subject to the conditions specified in the form of Security and hereinafter set forth.

SECTION 11.02 Applicability of Article. Redemption of Securities at the election of the Company, as permitted by this Indenture and the provisions of the Securities, shall be made in accordance with such provisions and this Article.

SECTION 11.03 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. The election of the Company to redeem any Securities pursuant to Section 11.01 shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution. In the event of any redemption at the election of the Company pursuant to Section 11.01, the Company shall notify the Trustee, in case of a redemption of less than all the Securities, at least 60 days, and in the case of a redemption of all the Securities, at least 40 days, prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (in each case, unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities to be redeemed.

SECTION 11.04 Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed. In the event that less than all of the Securities are to be redeemed at any time, selection of such Securities for redemption will be made by the Trustee in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if any, on which the Securities are listed or, if the Securities are not then listed on a national securities exchange, on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate (subject to the rules of the Depositary); provided, however, that Securities shall only be redeemable in amounts of $1,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000.

The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and each Security Registrar in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

For all purposes of this Indenture and of the Securities, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.

SECTION 11.05 Notice of Redemption. Notice of redemption shall be given by first class mail, postage prepaid (or electronic transmission in the case of notes held in book entry form), mailed not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at his address appearing in the Security Register, except that redemption notices may be mailed more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date if the notice of redemption is issued in connection with (i) a satisfaction and discharge of securities in accordance with Article IV or (ii) a defeasance in accordance with Article XII.

All notices of redemption shall identify the Securities to be redeemed (including, if used, CUSIP or CINS numbers) and shall state:

(i) the Redemption Date;

(ii) the Redemption Price;

(iii) if less than all the Outstanding Securities are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed;

(iv) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price and accrued interest to, but excluding, the Redemption Date will become due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after such Redemption Date; and

(v) the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest to, but excluding, the Redemption Date.

Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s request and provision of such notice information five days prior to the notice being mailed, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and shall be irrevocable.

SECTION 11.06 Deposit of Redemption Price. Prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.03) an amount of money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) any applicable accrued interest on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.

SECTION 11.07 Securities Payable on Redemption Date. Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and any applicable accrued interest) interest shall cease to accrue on such Securities or portions thereof. Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with any applicable accrued and unpaid interest to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more predecessor securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant record dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.07.

If any Security called for redemption in accordance with the election of the Company made pursuant to Section 11.01 shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate provided by the Security.

SECTION 11.08 Securities Redeemed in Part. Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at an office or agency of the Company designated for that purpose pursuant to Section 10.02 (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount at Stated Maturity equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal amount at Stated Maturity of the Security so surrendered.

ARTICLE XII

Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

SECTION 12.01 Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. The Company may elect, at its option at any time, to have Section 12.02 or Section 12.03 applied to the Outstanding Securities (as a whole and not in part) upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article. Any such election shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution.

SECTION 12.02 Defeasance and Discharge. Upon the Company’s exercise of its option to have this Section applied to the Outstanding Securities (as a whole and not in part), the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to such Securities as provided in this Section on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 12.04 are satisfied (hereinafter called “Defeasance”). For this purpose, such Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness represented by such Securities and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), subject to the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (1) the rights of Holders of Outstanding Securities to receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 12.04 and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on such Securities when payments are due, (2) the Company’s obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 6.07, 10.02 and 10.03, (3) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (4) this Article. Subject to compliance with this Article, the Company may exercise its option to have this Section applied to the Outstanding Securities (as a whole and not in part) notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option to have Section 12.03 applied to such Securities.

SECTION 12.03 Covenant Defeasance. Upon the Company’s exercise of its option to have this Section applied to the Outstanding Securities (as a whole and not in part), (i) the Company shall be released from its obligations under Article VIII and Sections 7.04, 10.02, 10.04 and 10.05 as well as any additional covenants specified in any applicable supplemental indentures and the Guarantors shall be released from their obligations under Article XIII and the Guarantees, and (ii) the occurrence of any event specified in such provisions, and any such covenants provided pursuant to Section 9.02(i), shall be deemed not to be or result in an Event of Default, in each case with respect to such Securities as provided in this Section on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 12.04 are satisfied (hereinafter called “Covenant Defeasance”). For this purpose, such Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to such Securities, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such specified Section, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or by reason of any reference in any such Section to any other provision herein or in any other document, but the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

SECTION 12.04 Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. The following shall be the conditions to the application of Section 12.02 or Section 12.03 to the Outstanding Securities:

payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, which, in either case (i) or (ii), is not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and (y) any depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any U.S. Government Obligation which is specified in clause (x) above and held by such bank for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of principal of or interest on any U.S. Government Obligation which is so specified and held, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal or interest evidenced by such depositary receipt.

(2) In the event of an election to have Section 12.02 apply to the Outstanding Securities, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that (A) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (B) since the date of this instrument, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, Defeasance and discharge to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would be the case if such deposit, Defeasance and discharge were not to occur.

(3) In the event of an election to have Section 12.03 apply to the Outstanding Securities, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and Covenant Defeasance to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would be the case if such deposit and Covenant Defeasance were not to occur.

(4) No Default or Event of Default with respect to the Outstanding Securities shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of such deposit.

(5) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not cause the Trustee to have a conflicting interest with respect to any securities of the Company or any Guarantor.

(6) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which it is bound.

(7) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel (which opinion may be subject to customary assumptions and exceptions) to the effect that after the 91st day following the deposit, the trust funds will not be subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally.

(8) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities over the other creditors of the Company or any Guarantor with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors of the Company or any Guarantor or others.

(9) No event or condition shall exist that would prevent the Company from making payments of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities on the date of such deposit or at any time ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit.

(10) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent under this Indenture to either Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as the case may be, have been complied with.

Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee or other qualifying trustee (solely for purposes of this Section and Section 12.06, the Trustee and any such other trustee are referred to collectively as the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 12.04 in respect of the Outstanding Securities shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any such Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities, of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal and any premium and interest, but money so held in trust need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 12.04 or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of Outstanding Securities.

Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any money or U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section 12.04 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to effect the Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as the case may be, with respect to the Outstanding Securities.

SECTION 12.06 Reinstatement. If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in accordance with this Article with respect to any Securities by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining, or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations under this Indenture, such Securities and the Guarantees from which the Company and the Guarantors have been discharged or released pursuant to Section 12.02 or Section 12.03 shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article with respect to such Securities, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all money held in trust pursuant to Section 12.05 with respect to such Securities in accordance with this Article; provided, however, that if the Company makes any payment of principal of or any premium or interest on any such Security following such reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights (if any) of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money so held in trust.

ARTICLE XIII

Guarantee

SECTION 13.01 Guarantee. Each Guarantor hereby unconditionally and irrevocably guarantees on a senior unsecured basis, jointly and severally, to each Holder and to the Trustee and its successors and assigns (a) the full and prompt payment (within applicable grace periods) of principal of and interest on the Securities when due, whether at maturity, by acceleration, by redemption or otherwise, and all other monetary obligations of the Company under this Indenture and the Securities and (b) the full and prompt performance within applicable grace periods of all other obligations of the Company under this Indenture and the Securities (all the foregoing being hereinafter collectively called the “Guarantee Obligations”). Each Guarantor further agrees that the Guarantee Obligations may be extended or renewed, in whole or in part, without notice or further assent from such Guarantor, and that such Guarantor will remain bound under this Article XIII notwithstanding any extension or renewal of any Guarantee Obligation.

To the extent that any Guarantor shall be required to pay any amounts on account of the Securities pursuant to a Guarantee in excess of an amount calculated as the product of (i) the aggregate amount payable by the Guarantors on account of the Securities pursuant to their respective Guarantees times (ii) the proportion (expressed as a fraction) that such Guarantor’s net assets (determined in accordance with GAAP) at the date enforcement of the Guarantees is sought bears to the aggregate net assets (determined in accordance with GAAP) of all Guarantors at such date, then such Guarantor shall be reimbursed by the other Guarantors for the amount of such excess, pro rata, based upon the respective net assets (determined in accordance with GAAP)of such other Guarantors at the date enforcement of the Guarantees is sought. This paragraph is intended only to define the relative rights of Guarantors as among themselves, and nothing set forth in this paragraph is intended to or shall impair the joint and several obligations of the Guarantors under their respective Guarantees.

The Guarantors shall have the right to seek contribution from any non-paying Guarantor so long as the exercise of such right does not impair the rights of the Holders under any Guarantee.

Each Guarantor waives presentation to, demand of payment from and protest to the Company of any of the Guarantee Obligations and also waives notice of protest for nonpayment. Each Guarantor waives notice of any default under the Securities or the Guarantee Obligations. The obligations of each Guarantor hereunder shall not be affected by (a) the failure of any Holder or the Trustee to assert any claim or demand or to enforce any right or remedy against the Company or any other Person under this Indenture, the Securities or any other agreement or otherwise; (b) any extension or renewal of any thereof; (c) any rescission, waiver, amendment or modification of any of the terms or provisions of this Indenture, the Securities or any other agreement; (d) the release of any security held by any Holder or the Trustee for the Guarantee Obligations or any of them; (e) the failure of any Holder or Trustee to exercise any right or remedy against any other guarantor of the Guarantee Obligations; or (f) any change in the ownership of any Guarantor (subject to Section 13.05).

Each Guarantor further agrees that its Guarantee herein constitutes a guaranty of payment, performance and compliance when due (and not a guaranty of collection) and waives any right to require that any resort be had by any Holder or the Trustee to any security held for payment of the Guarantee Obligations.

To the fullest extent permitted by law, the obligations of each Guarantor hereunder shall not be subject to any reduction, limitation, impairment or termination for any reason, including any claim of waiver, release, surrender, alteration or compromise, and shall not be subject to any defense of setoff, counterclaim, recoupment or termination whatsoever or by reason of the invalidity, illegality or unenforceability of the Guarantee Obligations or otherwise. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the obligations of each Guarantor herein shall not be discharged or impaired or otherwise affected by the failure of any Holder or the Trustee to assert any claim or demand or to enforce any remedy under this Indenture, the Securities or any other agreement, by any waiver or modification of any thereof, by any default, failure or delay, willful or otherwise, in the performance of the Guarantee Obligations, or by any other act or thing or omission or delay to do any other act or thing which may or might in any manner or to any extent vary the risk of such Guarantor or would otherwise operate as a discharge of each Guarantor as a matter of law or equity.

Each Guarantor further agrees that its Guarantee herein shall continue to be effective or be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time payment, or any part thereof, of principal of or interest on any Guarantee Obligation is rescinded or must otherwise be restored by any Holder or the Trustee upon the bankruptcy or reorganization of the Company or otherwise.

In furtherance of the foregoing and not in limitation of any other right which any Holder or the Trustee has at law or in equity against each Guarantor by virtue hereof, upon the failure of the Company to pay the principal of or interest on any Guarantee Obligation when and as the same shall become due, whether at maturity, by acceleration, by redemption or otherwise (within applicable grace periods), or to perform or comply with any other Guarantee Obligation (within applicable grace periods), each Guarantor hereby promises to and shall, upon receipt of written demand by the Trustee, forthwith pay, or cause to be paid, in cash, to the Holders or the Trustee an amount equal to the sum of (i) the unpaid principal amount of such Guarantee Obligations, (ii) accrued and unpaid interest on such Guarantee Obligations (but only to the extent not prohibited by law) and (iii) all other monetary Guarantee Obligations of the Company to the Holders and the Trustee.

Each Guarantor agrees that it shall not be entitled to any right of subrogation in relation to the Holders in respect of any Guarantee Obligations guaranteed hereby until payment in full of all Guarantee Obligations. Each Guarantor further agrees that, as between the Guarantors, on the one hand, and the Holders and the Trustee, on the other hand, (x) the maturity of the Guarantee Obligations guaranteed hereby may be accelerated as provided in Article V for the purposes of its Guarantee herein, notwithstanding any stay, injunction or other prohibition preventing such acceleration in respect of the Guarantee Obligations guaranteed hereby, and (y) in the event of any declaration of acceleration of such Guarantee Obligations as provided in Article V, such Guarantee Obligations (whether or not due and payable) shall forthwith become due and payable by each Guarantor for the purposes of this Section.

Each Guarantor also agrees to pay any and all costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) incurred by the Trustee or any Holder in enforcing any rights under this Section.

SECTION 13.02 Limitation on Liability. Any term or provision of this Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding, the maximum aggregate amount of the obligations guaranteed hereunder by each Guarantor shall not exceed the maximum amount that can be hereby guaranteed without rendering this Indenture, as it relates to such Guarantor, voidable under applicable federal or state law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer.

SECTION 13.03 Execution and Delivery of Guarantees. The Guarantees to be endorsed on the Securities shall be in the form set forth in Exhibit B. Each of the Guarantors hereby agrees to execute its Guarantee in such form, to be endorsed on each Security authenticated and delivered by the Trustee.

Each Guarantee shall be executed on behalf of each respective Guarantor by any one of such Guarantor’s Chairman of the Board of Directors, Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, President, Chief Financial Officer or Vice Presidents and any authorized signatories for any Guarantors that are not corporations. The signature of any or all of these officers on the Guarantee may be manual or facsimile.

A Guarantee bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of a Guarantor shall bind such Guarantor, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of the Security on which such Guarantee is endorsed or did not hold such offices at the date of such Guarantee.

Each Guarantee shall be registered, transferred, exchanged and cancelled, and shall be held in definitive or global form, in the same manner and together with, the Security to which it relates, in accordance with Article III.

The delivery of any Security by the Trustee, after the authentication thereof hereunder, shall constitute due delivery of the Guarantee endorsed thereon on behalf of the Guarantors. Each of the Guarantors hereby jointly and severally agrees that its Guarantee set forth in Section 13.01 shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding any failure to endorse a Guarantee on any Security.

SECTION 13.04 Guarantors May Consolidate, Etc., on Certain Terms. Nothing contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or any Guarantee shall prevent any consolidation or merger of a Guarantor with or into the Company or a Guarantor shall prevent any sale or conveyance of the assets of a Guarantor as an entirety or substantially as an entirety or the Capital Stock of a Guarantor to the Company or a Guarantor.

SECTION 13.05 Release of Guarantors. The Guarantee of a Guarantor shall automatically be released from all obligations under its Guarantee endorsed on the Securities and under this Article XIII without need for any further act or the execution or delivery or any document: (i) upon the sale or other disposition (including by way of consolidation or merger) of such Guarantor other than to the Company or another Guarantor and as permitted by this Indenture; (ii) upon the sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of such Guarantor other than to the Company or another Guarantor and as permitted by this Indenture; or (iii) upon Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance in accordance with Article XII. Upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of an Officer’s Certificate to the effect that such transaction was made in accordance with the provisions hereof, the Trustee shall execute any documents reasonably required in order to evidence the release of such Guarantor from its obligations under its Guarantee endorsed on the Securities and under this Article XIII.

SECTION 13.06 Successors and Assigns. This Article XIII shall be binding upon each Guarantor and its successors and assigns and shall inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Trustee and the Holders and, in the event of any transfer or assignment of rights by any Holder or the Trustee, the rights and privileges conferred upon that party in this Indenture and in the Securities shall automatically extend to and be vested in such transferee or assignee, all subject to the terms and conditions of this Indenture.

SECTION 13.07 No Waiver, etc. Neither a failure nor a delay on the part of either the Trustee or the Holders in exercising any right, power or privilege under this Article XIII shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall a single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise of any right, power or privilege. The rights, remedies and benefits of the Trustee and the Holders herein expressly specified are cumulative and not exclusive of any other rights, remedies or benefits which either may have under this Article XIII, at law, in equity, by statute or otherwise.

SECTION 13.08 Modification, etc. No modification, amendment or waiver of any provision of this Article, nor the consent to any departure by a Guarantor therefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the Trustee, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the purpose for which given. No notice to or demand on a Guarantor in any case shall entitle such Guarantor or any other guarantor to any other or further notice or demand in the same, similar or other circumstances.

This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.


THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

By:
		Name:
		Title:

EACH OF THE GUARANTORS LISTED ON SCHEDULE A HERETO THAT IS A CORPORATION,

By:
		Name:
		Title:

EACH OF THE GUARANTORS LISTED ON SCHEDULE A HERETO THAT IS A LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, BY ITS GENERAL PARTNER

By:
		Name:
		Title:

EACH OF THE GUARANTORS LISTED ON SCHEDULE A HERETO THAT IS A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY, BY ITS MANAGING MEMBER OR MANAGER

By:
		Name:
		Title:

WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS TRUSTEE
WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS TRUSTEE

By:
		Name:
		Title:

SCHEDULE A


Guarantor		Place of Formation

APPENDIX

PROVISIONS RELATING TO SECURITIES

1. Definitions

1.1 Definitions.

For the purposes of this Appendix the following terms shall have the meanings indicated below:

“Definitive Security” means a certificated Security that does not include the Global Securities Legend.

“Depositary” means The Depository Trust Company, its nominees and their respective successors.

“Global Securities Legend” means the legend set forth under that caption in Exhibit A to this Indenture.

“Securities Custodian” means the custodian with respect to a Global Security (as appointed by the Depositary) or any successor person thereto, who shall initially be the Trustee.

1.2 Other Definitions.


Term:	Defined in Section:
“Agent Members”		2.1(b)
“Global Security”		2.1(a)

2. The Securities

2.1 Form.

(a) Global Securities. The Securities shall be issued initially in the form of one or more global Securities in definitive, fully registered form (collectively, the “Global Security”) without interest coupons and bearing the Global Securities Legend, which shall be deposited on behalf of the Holders of the Securities represented thereby with the Securities Custodian, and registered in the name of the Depositary or a nominee of the Depositary, duly executed by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee as provided in this Indenture. The aggregate principal amount of the Global Securities may from time to time be increased or decreased by adjustments made on the records of the Trustee and the Depositary or its nominee and on the schedules thereto as hereinafter provided.

(b) Book-Entry Provisions. This Section 2.1(b) shall apply only to a Global Security deposited with or on behalf of the Depositary.

The Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with this Section 2.1(b) and Section 2.2 and pursuant to an order of the Company signed by one officer of the Company, authenticate and deliver initially one or more Global Securities that (i) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary for such Global Security or Global Securities or the nominee of such Depositary and (ii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to such Depositary or pursuant to such Depositary’s instructions or held by the Trustee as Securities Custodian.

Members of, or participants in, the Depositary (“Agent Members”) shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global Security held on their behalf by the Depositary or by the Trustee as Securities Custodian or under such Global Security, and the Depositary may be treated by the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the absolute owner of such Global Security for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary or impair, as between the Depositary and its Agent Members, the operation of customary practices of such Depositary governing the exercise of the rights of a holder of a beneficial interest in any Global Security.

Appendix – 1

(c) Definitive Securities. Except as provided in Section 2.3 or 2.4, owners of beneficial interests in Global Securities will not be entitled to receive physical delivery of certificated Securities.

2.2 Authentication. The Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery upon a written order of the Company signed by one Officer of the Company (a) Securities for original issue on the date hereof in an aggregate principal amount of $[ ] and (b) subject to the terms of this Indenture, Additional Securities in an unlimited aggregate principal amount. Such order shall specify the amount of the Securities to be authenticated, the date on which the original issue of Securities is to be authenticated and, in the case of an issuance of Additional Securities pursuant to Section 3.13 after the Issue Date, shall certify that such issuance is in compliance with this Indenture.

2.3 Transfer and Exchange.

(a) Transfer and Exchange of Definitive Securities. When Definitive Securities are presented to the Security Registrar with a request:

(i) to register the transfer of such Definitive Securities; or

(ii) to exchange such Definitive Securities for an equal principal amount of Definitive Securities of other authorized denominations, the Security Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange as requested if its reasonable requirements for such transaction are met; provided, however, that the Definitive Securities surrendered for transfer or exchange shall be duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form reasonably satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

(b) Restrictions on Transfer of a Definitive Security for a Beneficial Interest in a Global Security. A Definitive Security may not be exchanged for a beneficial interest in a Global Security except upon satisfaction of the requirements set forth below. Upon receipt by the Trustee of a Definitive Security, duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form reasonably satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar, together with written instructions directing the Trustee to make, or to direct the Securities Custodian to make, an adjustment on its books and records with respect to such Global Security to reflect an increase in the aggregate principal amount of the Securities represented by the Global Security, such instructions to contain information regarding the Depositary account to be credited with such increase, then the Trustee shall cancel such Definitive Security and cause, or direct the Securities Custodian to cause, in accordance with the standing instructions and procedures existing between the Depositary and the Securities Custodian, the aggregate principal amount of Securities represented by the Global Security to be increased by the aggregate principal amount of the Definitive Security to be exchanged and shall credit or cause to be credited to the account of the Person specified in such instructions a beneficial interest in the Global Security equal to the principal amount of the Definitive Security so canceled. If no Global Securities are then outstanding and the Global Security has not been previously exchanged for certificated securities pursuant to Section 2.4, the Company shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate, upon written order of the Company in the form of an Officer’s Certificate, a new Global Security in the appropriate principal amount.

(i) The transfer and exchange of Global Securities or beneficial interests therein shall be effected through the Depositary, in accordance with this Indenture and the procedures of the Depositary therefor. A transferor of a beneficial interest in a Global Security shall deliver a written order given in accordance with the Depositary’s procedures containing information regarding the participant account of the Depositary to be credited with a beneficial interest in such Global Security or another Global Security and such account shall be credited in accordance with such order with a beneficial interest in the applicable Global Security and the account of the Person making the transfer shall be debited by an amount equal to the beneficial interest in the Global Security being transferred.

Appendix – 2

(ii) If the proposed transfer is a transfer of a beneficial interest in one Global Security to a beneficial interest in another Global Security, the Security Registrar shall reflect on its books and records the date and an increase in the principal amount of the Global Security to which such interest is being transferred in an amount equal to the principal amount of the interest to be so transferred, and the Security Registrar shall reflect on its books and records the date and a corresponding decrease in the principal amount of Global Security from which such interest is being transferred.

(iii) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Appendix (other than the provisions set forth in Section 2.4), a Global Security may not be transferred as a whole except by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary or by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such successor Depositary.

(d) Cancelation or Adjustment of Global Security. At such time as all beneficial interests in a Global Security have either been exchanged for Definitive Securities, transferred, redeemed, repurchased or canceled, such Global Security shall be returned by the Depositary to the Trustee for cancelation or retained and canceled by the Trustee. At any time prior to such cancelation, if any beneficial interest in a Global Security is exchanged for Definitive Securities, transferred in exchange for an interest in another Global Security, redeemed, repurchased or canceled, the principal amount of Securities represented by such Global Security shall be reduced and an adjustment shall be made on the books and records of the Trustee (if it is then the Securities Custodian for such Global Security) with respect to such Global Security, by the Trustee or the Securities Custodian, to reflect such reduction.

(e) Obligations with Respect to Transfers and Exchanges of Securities.

(i) To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate, Definitive Securities and Global Securities at the Security Registrar’s request.

(ii) No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities except as provided in Section 3.06 of this Indenture, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 3.04, 9.06, or 11.08 of this Indenture, and in any such case not involving any transfer.

(iii) Prior to the due presentation for registration of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent or the Security Registrar may deem and treat the person in whose name a Security is registered as the absolute owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and interest on such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security is overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent or the Security Registrar shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

(iv) All Securities issued upon any transfer or exchange pursuant to the terms of this Indenture shall evidence the same debt and shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as the Securities surrendered upon such transfer or exchange.

(f) No Obligation of the Trustee.

(i) The Trustee shall have no responsibility or obligation to any beneficial owner of a Global Security, a member of, or a participant in the Depositary or any other Person with respect to the accuracy of the records of the Depositary or its nominee or of any participant or member thereof, with respect to any ownership interest in the Securities or with respect to the delivery to any participant, member, beneficial owner or other Person (other than the Depositary) of any notice (including any notice of redemption) or the payment of any amount, under or with respect to such Securities. All notices and communications to be given to the Holders and all payments to be made to Holders under the Securities shall be given or made only to the registered Holders (which shall be the Depositary or its nominee in the case of a Global Security). The rights of beneficial owners in any Global Security shall be

Appendix – 3

exercised only through the Depositary subject to the applicable rules and procedures of the Depositary. The Trustee may rely and shall be fully protected in relying upon information furnished by the Depositary with respect to its members, participants and any beneficial owners.

(ii) The Trustee shall have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security (including any transfers between or among Depositary participants, members or beneficial owners in any Global Security) other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by, the terms of this Indenture, and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof.

2.4 Definitive Securities.

(a) A Global Security deposited with the Depositary or with the Trustee as Securities Custodian pursuant to Section 2.1 shall be transferred to the beneficial owners thereof in the form of Definitive Securities in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such Global Security, in exchange for such Global Security, only if such transfer complies with Section 2.3 and (i) the Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time the Depositary ceases to be a “clearing agency” registered under the Exchange Act, and a successor depositary is not appointed by the Company within 90 days of such notice or after the Company becomes aware of such cessation, or (ii) an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or (iii) the Company, in its sole discretion, notifies the Trustee in writing that it elects to cause the issuance of certificated Securities under this Indenture.

(b) Any Global Security that is transferable to the beneficial owners thereof pursuant to this Section 2.4 shall be surrendered by the Depositary to the Trustee, to be so transferred, in whole or from time to time in part, without charge, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, upon such transfer of each portion of such Global Security, an equal aggregate principal amount of Definitive Securities of authorized denominations. Any portion of a Global Security transferred pursuant to this Section shall be executed, authenticated and delivered only in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof and registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct.

(c) Subject to the provisions of Section 2.4(b), the registered Holder of a Global Security may grant proxies and otherwise authorize any Person, including Agent Members and Persons that may hold interests through Agent Members, to take any action which a Holder is entitled to take under this Indenture or the Securities.

(d) In the event of the occurrence of any of the events specified in Section 2.4(a)(i), (ii) or (iii), the Company will promptly make available to the Trustee a reasonable supply of Definitive Securities in fully registered form without interest coupons.

Appendix – 4

Exhibit A

[FORM OF SECURITY]

[Global Securities Legend]

UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DEPOSITARY”), NEW YORK, NEW YORK, TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DEPOSITARY (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO., OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DEPOSITARY), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.

TRANSFERS OF THIS GLOBAL SECURITY SHALL BE LIMITED TO TRANSFERS IN WHOLE, BUT NOT IN PART, TO DEPOSITARY, TO NOMINEES OF DEPOSITARY OR TO A SUCCESSOR THEREOF OR SUCH SUCCESSOR’S NOMINEE AND TRANSFERS OF PORTIONS OF THIS GLOBAL SECURITY SHALL BE LIMITED TO TRANSFERS MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RESTRICTIONS SET FORTH IN THE INDENTURE REFERRED TO ON THE REVERSE HEREOF.

A-1

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc.

[ ]% Senior Note due 20[ ]


No.		$
		CUSIP NO.

The Greenbrier Companies, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Oregon (herein called the “Company”, which term includes any successor Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to Cede & Co., or registered assigns, the principal sum listed on the Schedule of Increases or Decreases in Global Security attached hereto on [ ], 20[ ] and to pay interest thereon from [ ], 20[ ] or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, semiannually in arrears on [ ] and [ ] in each year, commencing [ ], 20[ ] at the rate of [ ]% per annum, until the principal hereof is paid or duly provided for, provided, however, that any principal and premium, and any such installment of interest, which is overdue shall bear interest at the rate of [ ]% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due until they are paid or duly provided for. The interest so payable and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be the [ ] and [ ] (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for will forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of securities not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid at any time in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, all as more fully provided in said Indenture.

Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on this Security will be made at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts; provided, however, that, at the option of the Company, payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register.

Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

A-2

Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Security to be duly executed.


THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

By:
		Name:
		Title:
		Attest:

By:
		Name:
		Title:

TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION


This is one of the Securities referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

Dated:



WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS TRUSTEE


By:
		Authorized Signatory:

A-3

Form of Reverse of Security

This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of Securities of the Company designated as [ ]% Senior Notes due [ ] (herein called the “Securities”), limited in aggregate principal amount on the Issue Date to $[ ] issued and to be issued under an Indenture, dated as of [ ], 20[ ] (herein called the “Indenture,” which term shall have the meaning assigned to it in such instrument), among the Company, the guarantors named therein and [ ], as Trustee (herein called the “Trustee,” which term includes any successor trustee under the Indenture), and reference is hereby made to the Indenture for a statement of the respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. The Company shall be entitled, subject to its compliance with the terms of the Indenture, to issue Additional Securities pursuant to Section 3.13 of the Indenture. The Securities include the Securities issued on the Issue Date and any Additional Securities. The Securities issued on the Issue Date and any Additional Securities are treated as a single class of securities under the Indenture.

The terms of the Securities include those stated in the Indenture and those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. 7aaa-77bbbb (the “TIA”), as in effect on the date of the Indenture. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Securities are subject to all such terms, and Holders of Securities are referred to the Indenture and the TIA for a statement of such terms.

This Security is redeemable at the option of the Company, in whole or in part, at any time on or after [ ], 20[ ], at the Redemption Prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount) set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the Redemption Date, if redeemed during the twelve month period beginning on [ ] of the years indicated below:


Year	Redemption Price
		%

The Securities are not subject to any sinking fund.

The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance at any time of the entire indebtedness of this Security or of certain restrictive covenants and Events of Default with respect to this Security, in each case upon compliance with certain conditions set forth in the Indenture.

If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, there may be declared due and payable the principal of, premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the outstanding Securities, in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.

The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the consent of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding. The Indenture also contains provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities, to waive compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.

As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Holder of this Security shall not have the right to institute any proceeding with respect to the Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee or for any other remedy thereunder, unless such Holder shall have previously given the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities, the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default as Trustee and offered the Trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee and the Trustee shall not have received from the Holders of a majority in principal amount of Securities at the time

A-4

Outstanding a direction inconsistent with such request, and shall have failed to institute any such proceeding for 45 days after receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity. The foregoing shall not apply to certain suits described in the Indenture, including any suit instituted by the Holder of this Security for the enforcement of any payment of principal hereof or any premium or interest hereon on or after the respective due dates expressed herein (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date).

No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed.

As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Security Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees.

This Security is issuable only in registered form without coupons in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, Securities are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount of Securities of like tenor of a different authorized denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same.

No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

Interest on this Security shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months.

As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, the obligations of the Company under the Indenture and this Security are Guaranteed pursuant to Guarantees endorsed hereon as provided in the Indenture. Each Holder, by holding this Security, agrees to all of the terms and provisions of said Guarantees. The Indenture provides that each Guarantor shall be released from its Guarantee upon compliance with certain conditions.

All terms used in this Security which are defined in the Indenture shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

The Indenture and this Security shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

A-5

ASSIGNMENT FORM

To assign this Security, fill in the form below:

I or we assign and transfer this Security to

(Print or type assignee’s name, address and zip code)

(Insert assignee’s soc. sec. or tax I.D. No.)

and irrevocably appoint agent to transfer this Security on the books of the Company. The agent may substitute another to act for him.

Sign exactly as your name appears on the other side of this Security.

A-6

[TO BE ATTACHED TO GLOBAL SECURITIES]

SCHEDULE OF INCREASES OR DECREASES IN GLOBAL SECURITY

The initial principal amount of this Global Security is $[ ]. The following increases or decreases in this Global Security have been made:


Date of Exchange	Amount of decrease in Principal Amount of this Global Security	Amount of increase in Principal Amount of this Global Security	Principal amount of this Global Security following such decrease or increase	Signature of authorized signatory of Trustee or Securities Custodian

A-7

EXHIBIT B

FORM OF NOTATION ON SECURITY RELATING TO GUARANTEE

GUARANTEE

Each of the undersigned guarantors (each a “Guarantor,” or together, the “Guarantors”) which term includes any successor under the Indenture (the “Indenture”) referred to in the Security upon which this notation is endorsed), hereby unconditionally and irrevocably guarantees on a senior basis, jointly and severally with each other Guarantor of the Securities, to each Holder and to the Trustee and its successors and assigns (a) the full and prompt payment (within applicable grace periods) of principal of and interest on the Securities when due, whether at maturity, by acceleration, by redemption or otherwise, and all other monetary obligations of the Company under the Indenture and the Securities and (b) the full and prompt performance within applicable grace periods of all other obligations of the Company under the Indenture and the Securities, subject to certain limitations set forth in the Indenture (all the foregoing being hereinafter collectively called the “Guarantee Obligations”). The Guarantor further agrees that the Guarantee Obligations may be extended or renewed, in whole or in part, without notice or further assent from such Guarantor, and that such Guarantor will remain bound under Article XIII of the Indenture notwithstanding any extension or renewal of any Guarantee Obligation. Capitalized terms used herein have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture unless otherwise indicated.

Subject to the terms of the Indenture, this Guarantee shall be binding upon the Guarantor and its successors and assigns and shall inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Trustee and the Holders and, in the event of any transfer or assignment of rights by any Holder or the Trustee, the rights and privileges herein conferred upon that party shall automatically extend to and be vested in such transferee or assignee, all subject to the terms and conditions hereof.

This Guarantee shall not be valid or obligatory for any purpose until the certificate of authentication on the Security upon which this Guarantee is noted shall have been executed by the Trustee under the Indenture by the signature of one of its authorized signatories.

Notwithstanding any other provision of the Indenture or this Guarantee, under the Indenture and this Guarantee the maximum aggregate amount of the obligations guaranteed by the Guarantor shall not exceed the maximum amount that can be guaranteed without rendering the Indenture or this Guarantee, as it relates to such Guarantor, voidable under applicable federal or state law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer. This Guarantee shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

[Signature page follows]

B-1


THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

By:
		Name:
		Title:

[GUARANTORS]

By:
		Name:
		Title:

Exhibit 4.10

THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC.

as the Company

and

THE SUBSIDIARIES NAMED HEREIN

as Guarantors

WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

as Trustee

Subordinated Indenture

Dated as of , 20

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
ARTICLE I	DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION		1
Section 1.01	Definitions		1
Section 1.02	Other Definitions		6
Section 1.03	Compliance Certificates and Opinions		6
Section 1.04	Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee		7
Section 1.05	Acts of Holders; Record Dates		7
Section 1.06	Notices to Trustee, the Company or a Guarantor		8
Section 1.07	Notice to Holders; Waiver		9
Section 1.08	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act		9
Section 1.09	Effect of Headings and Table of Contents		9
Section 1.10	Successors and Assigns		9
Section 1.11	Separability Clause		9
Section 1.12	Benefits of Indenture		9
Section 1.13	Governing Law		9
Section 1.14	Legal Holidays		9
Section 1.15	Waiver of Jury Trial		10
Section 1.16	Force Majeure		10
Section 1.17	U.S.A. Patriot Act		10
ARTICLE II	SECURITY FORMS		10
Section 2.01	Form and Dating		10
ARTICLE III	THE SECURITIES		10
Section 3.01	Title and Terms		10
Section 3.02	Denominations		11
Section 3.03	Execution and Authentication		11
Section 3.04	Temporary Securities		11
Section 3.05	Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange		12
Section 3.06	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities		12
Section 3.07	Payment of Interest; Rights Preserved		13
Section 3.08	Persons Deemed Owners		14
Section 3.09	Cancellation		14
Section 3.10	Computation of Interest		14
Section 3.11	CUSIP and CINS Numbers		14
Section 3.12	Deposits of Monies		14
Section 3.13	Issuance of Additional Securities		14
ARTICLE IV	SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE		15
Section 4.01	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture		15
Section 4.02	Application of Trust Money		16
Section 4.03	Repayment of Moneys Held by Paying Agent		16
Section 4.04	Repayment of Moneys Held Trustee		16
ARTICLE V	REMEDIES		16
Section 5.01	Events of Default		16
Section 5.02	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment		17
Section 5.03	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee		17
Section 5.04	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim		18
Section 5.05	Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities		18
Section 5.06	Application of Money Collected		18
Section 5.07	Limitation on Suits		19
Section 5.08	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest		19
Section 5.09	Restoration of Rights and Remedies		19
Section 5.10	Rights and Remedies Cumulative		19
Section 5.11	Delay or Omission Not Waiver		20

Note: This table of contents shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.

-i-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)


		Page
Section 5.12	Control by Holders		20
Section 5.13	Waiver of Past Defaults		20
Section 5.14	Undertaking for Costs		20
Section 5.15	Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws		20
ARTICLE VI	THE TRUSTEE		21
Section 6.01	Certain Duties and Responsibilities		21
Section 6.02	Notice of Defaults		21
Section 6.03	Certain Rights of Trustee		21
Section 6.04	Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities		22
Section 6.05	May Hold Securities		23
Section 6.06	Money Held in Trust		23
Section 6.07	Compensation and Reimbursement		23
Section 6.08	Conflicting Interests		23
Section 6.09	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility		23
Section 6.10	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor		24
Section 6.11	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor		25
Section 6.12	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business		25
Section 6.13	Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company or a Guarantor		25
Section 6.14	Appointment of Authenticating Agent		25
ARTICLE VII	HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY		26
Section 7.01	Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders		26
Section 7.02	Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders		26
Section 7.03	Reports by Trustee		26
Section 7.04	Reports by Company		26
ARTICLE VIII	CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE		27
Section 8.01	Company May Consolidate, Etc. Only on Certain Terms		27
Section 8.02	Successor Substituted		27
ARTICLE IX	AMENDMENTS; WAIVERS; SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES		27
Section 9.01	Amendments, Waivers and Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders		27
Section 9.02	Modifications, Amendments and Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders		28
Section 9.03	Execution of Supplemental Indentures		29
Section 9.04	Effect of Supplemental Indentures		29
Section 9.05	Conformity with Trust Indenture Act		29
Section 9.06	Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures		29
Section 9.07	Waiver of Certain Covenants		29
Section 9.08	No Liability for Certain Persons		29
ARTICLE X	COVENANTS		30
Section 10.01	Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest		30
Section 10.02	Maintenance of Office or Agency		30
Section 10.03	Money for Security Payments to be Held in Trust		30
Section 10.04	Existence; Activities		31
Section 10.05	Statement by Officers as to Default; Compliance Certificates		31
ARTICLE XI	REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES		31
Section 11.01	Right of Redemption		31
Section 11.02	Applicability of Article		31
Section 11.03	Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee		31
Section 11.04	Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed		32
Section 11.05	Notice of Redemption		32
Section 11.06	Deposit of Redemption Price		32

Note: This table of contents shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.

-ii-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)


		Page
Section 11.07	Securities Payable on Redemption Date		32
Section 11.08	Securities Redeemed in Part		33
ARTICLE XII	DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE		33
Section 12.01	Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance		33
Section 12.02	Defeasance and Discharge		33
Section 12.03	Covenant Defeasance		33
Section 12.04	Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance		34
Section 12.05	Deposited Money and U.S. Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions		35
Section 12.06	Reinstatement		35
ARTICLE XIII	GUARANTEE		35
Section 13.01	Guarantee		35
Section 13.02	Limitation on Liability		37
Section 13.03	Execution and Delivery of Guarantees		37
Section 13.04	Guarantors May Consolidate, Etc., on Certain Terms		37
Section 13.05	Release of Guarantors		37
Section 13.06	Successors and Assigns		38
Section 13.07	No Waiver, etc		38
Section 13.08	Modification, etc		38
Section 13.09	Subordination of Guarantee		38
ARTICLE XIV	SUBORDINATION		38
Section 14.01	Subordination Terms		38
SCHEDULE A			1
APPENDIX			1
EXHIBIT A			1
EXHIBIT B			1

Note: This table of contents shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.

-iii-

CROSS REFERENCE TABLE(1)


Trust Indenture Act Selection	Indenture Section
310(a)(1)		6.09
310(a)(2)		6.09
310(a)(3)		N.A.	(2)
310(a)(4)		N.A.
310(a)(5)		N.A.
310(b)		6.08; 6.10
310(c)		N.A.
311(a)		6.13
311(b)		6.13
311(c)		N.A.
312(a)		7.01; 7.02
312(b)		7.02
312(c)		7.02
313(a)		7.03
313(b)		7.03
313(c)		1.07; 7.03
313(d)		7.03
314(a)		7.04
314(a)(4)		1.03; 10.05
314(b)		N.A.
314(c)(1)		1.03
314(c)(2)		1.03
314(c)(3)		N.A.
314(d)		N.A.
314(e)		1.03
314(f)		N.A.
315(a)		6.01
315(b)		6.02
315(c)		6.01
315(d)		6.01
315(e)		5.14
316(a)(1)(A)		5.12
316(a)(1)(B)		5.13
316(a)(2)		N.A.
316(a)(last sentence)		1.01	(3)
316(b)		5.07; 5.08
316(c)		1.05
317(a)(1)		5.03
317(a)(2)		5.03; 5.04
317(b)		10.03
318(a)		1.08

(1)	Note: This Cross Reference Table shall not, for any purpose, be deemed part of this Indenture.

(2)	Not Applicable.

(3)	Definition of “Outstanding.”

-iv-

SUBORDINATED INDENTURE, dated as of [ ], 20[ ], among THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Oregon (herein called the “Company”), having its principal office at One Centerpointe Drive, Suite 200, Lake Oswego, Oregon, 97035, the Subsidiaries of the Company named in Schedule A (herein called the “Guarantors”) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, organized under the laws of the United States, having an office at 333 S. Grand Avenue, 5th Floor, Suite 5A, Los Angeles CA 90071, as trustee (herein called the “Trustee”).

RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

The Company has duly authorized the creation of an issue of [ ]% Subordinated Notes due [ ] of substantially the tenor and amount hereinafter set forth, and to provide therefor, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture.