By Alexandra Scaggs 

U.S. stocks closed lower after posting their largest intraday swing since October, amid fresh concerns about the future of Europe's economy.

Stocks briefly made a sharp decline in afternoon trading on Tuesday, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average making its biggest swing within a single session since Oct. 15. It rose as many as 282 points in morning trading, before sliding as many as 142 points to its low after 2 p.m. It closed down 27.16 points, or 0.2%, to 17613.68.

Traders pointed to shifting views on the outlook for European Central Bank policy as one driver of market moves. Investors broadly expect the ECB to introduce new stimulus in coming months, so investors are closely following developments in the region, traders said. The U.S. stock declines started after European stocks closed broadly higher, however.

"The ECB is just as important to U.S. stocks right now as the Fed," said Michael Purves, chief global strategist with Greenwich, Conn.-based brokerage firm Weeden & Co. "More and more people are expecting them to announce [stimulus] in the form of sovereign bond purchases."

The S&P 500 index dropped 5.23 points, or 0.3%, to 2023.03. The Nasdaq Composite Index fell 3.21 points, or 0.1%, to 4661.50.

A monthslong oil-price decline and uncertainty about stimulus in Europe have made investing stocks a riskier proposition, said Paul Zemsky, who helps manage about $30 billion in global investments for Voya Investment Management. Crude-oil futures are down nearly 60% since June, and on Tuesday fell 0.4% to $45.89 a barrel.

Valuations on U.S. stocks will probably need to rise more for the market to provide solid returns this year, Mr. Zemsky said. But that could be tough if investors remain worried about global growth, he added, since stocks are trading above long-term average levels.

"It's hard to get valuations to rise if you have all this uncertainty," he said. Still, he is bullish on U.S. stocks, since he considers them a better option than bonds or international shares.

The S&P 500 is trading at 16.9 times its earnings from the past year, according to FactSet, above its 10-year average of 14.6.

Traders say they expect more steep swings in U.S. markets in 2015, amid a continuing oil-price plunge and an expected rise in U.S. short-term interest rates this year. That has driven up the Chicago Board Options Exchange's Volatility Index.

"If you look at the volatility we've had just in the past couple of months, it's been pretty striking," said Joe Spinelli, head of Americas single-stock trading at Deutsche Bank.

Scott Wren, senior stocks strategist for Wells Fargo, was telling the bank's financial advisers to recommend buying stocks during Tuesday's steep drop.

"My phone is ringing more from my financial advisers, who have clients calling them, and they're getting worried," he said. "But...you need to take advantage of opportunities. Our clients have too much cash...on these pullbacks we want them to put this cash to work."

The technology sector outperformed broader indexes. Apple Inc. and Amazon.com Inc. rose 0.9% and 1.1%, respectively, after upgrades from Wall Street analysts.

Single-stock investors are now turning their attention to fourth-quarter earnings season, which unofficially kicked off with Alcoa 's earnings on Monday. Alcoa's shares slipped 2.3%, despite reporting better-than-expected profits.

"People feel like fundamentals are solid," said Brian Fenske, head of sales trading at brokerage ITG in New York. "Some of the risks out there are [already] talked about...[which] gets priced in pretty quickly" to stock prices.

After some early reports, companies in the S&P 500 are on pace to report fourth-quarter earnings rose 0.9% from last year. That is slightly below initial forecasts for 1.1%, according to FactSet, which would be the weakest quarter of profit growth since the third quarter of 2012.

The slump in oil prices is expected to weigh on earnings, with analysts forecasting the energy sector's fourth-quarter earnings will decline 19% from last year.

In corporate news, KB Home dropped 16% after warning the margin pressures it experienced in its latest quarter are likely to continue as weak demand leads the home builder to ramp up incentives.

The warning dragged down shares of other homebuilders as well, with the iShares U.S. Home Construction exchange-traded fund falling 2.6%.

Write to Alexandra Scaggs at alexandra.scaggs@wsj.com

Access Investor Kit for The Dow Chemical Co.

Visit http://www.companyspotlight.com/partner?cp_code=P479&isin=US2605431038

Dow (NYSE:DOW)
Historical Stock Chart
From Mar 2024 to Apr 2024 Click Here for more Dow Charts.
Dow (NYSE:DOW)
Historical Stock Chart
From Apr 2023 to Apr 2024 Click Here for more Dow Charts.