A federal judge dismissed charges against a Chinese citizen accused of helping to orchestrate an elaborate plot to steal high-tech corn seeds from U.S. farms.

Mo Yun, 42, was dropped from the trade-secrets case after the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowa granted her lawyers' motion that excerpts of electronic-message conversations should not be included as evidence, eliminating a significant part of prosecutors' case against Ms. Mo, according to a court filing late Tuesday. U.S. prosecutors this week asked the court to dismiss the charges against her.

Ms. Mo was arrested in Los Angeles last summer and charged in an indictment with helping her brother and five other Chinese nationals plan a five-year gambit to dig up seeds and steal ears of corn developed by Monsanto Co., DuPont Co. and LG Seeds, according to U.S. officials. The corn, U.S. authorities alleged, was later shipped back to Beijing for the benefit of Chinese agribusiness firm Beijing Dabeinong Technology Group Co., or DBN, where Ms. Mo worked from 2001 to 2009. Her husband, Dr. Shao Genhuo, is the founder and chairman of DBN and has a net worth estimated by Forbes this year at $2 billion. Dr. Shao and DBN haven't been accused of any wrongdoing.

U.S. law-enforcement officials detailed the alleged scheme in late 2013 following the arrest of Mo Hailong, who is Ms. Mo's brother and who worked as a representative of DBN in the U.S. Mr. Mo was charged with stealing trade secrets in a case that has drawn attention partly because of the U.S. government's use of an anti-spying law to gather evidence. Mr. Mo has pleaded not guilty to the charges.

Terry Bird, a Los Angeles-based lawyer representing Ms. Mo, said his client was "very pleased" with the dismissal and that she was innocent of the charges. "She's very excited to be going home and to return to being a mother and a wife and a family member in China," he said.

U.S. prosecutors involved in the case declined to comment.

Write to Jacob Bunge at jacob.bunge@wsj.com

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