By Michael Calia 

Caterpillar Inc. said its first-quarter profit rose 4.8% on mostly flat sales as the maker of construction equipment continues to deal with a slowdown in its mining-equipment business.

Caterpillar shares, up 20% over the past three months, rose 3.8% in premarket trading as results exceeded analysts' expectations.

The Peoria, Ill.-based company boosted its full-year earnings guidance by 25 cents to $6.10 a share, although its sales outlook was unchanged.

"The change in our profit outlook is a result of our very solid performance in the first quarter, while also recognizing the uncertainty we are facing in a number of areas of our business and the continued risk that geopolitical events could negatively impact global GDP growth, " Chairman and Chief Executive Doug Oberhelman said.

Caterpillar had indicated weak sales in a regulatory filing Wednesday. Machinery sales fell 12% during the first three months of the year from a year earlier, the company reported, with declines of 20% or higher in most of its markets. North American sales, however, rose 6% in the period.

In response to slowing sales, Caterpillar has cut costs and has closed or announced plans to close plants in the U.S. and abroad. The company's profit fell 33% last year, and Mr. Oberhelman's total compensation took a similar hit, while sales fell 16%.

Overall, for the first quarter, Caterpillar posted a profit of $922 million, or $1.44 a share, up from $880 million, or $1.31 a share, in the prior-year period. Excluding items like restructuring costs, the company's per-share earnings increased to $1.61 from $1.32.

Revenue rose slightly to $13.24 billion from $13.21 billion.

Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters expected per-share profit of $1.24 and revenue of $13.17 billion.

Operating costs fell 1.2% to $11.84 billion in the first quarter.

Write to Michael Calia at michael.calia@wsj.com

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