By Christina Rexrode And Peter Rudegeair 

Citigroup Inc. turned in a strong first quarter, giving Chief Executive Officer Michael Corbat a much-needed win after a tough 2014.

First-quarter profit jumped a larger-than-expected 21%, the bank reported Thursday. Investors sent shares 2% higher.

The boost for the New York bank followed its passing the Federal Reserve stress test last month, which gave Citigroup the freedom to raise its dividend.

In calls with analysts and reporters Thursday, there was a notable change in tone from the earnings report a year ago, which came just weeks after the bank had failed the Federal Reserve's stress test. The Fed last month cleared Citigroup's 2015 stress-test request, giving it permission to raise its dividend for the first time since the financial crisis.

Earnings were $1.52 per share, after adjusting for one-time items, which was significantly higher than the $1.39 a share projected by analysts polled by Thomson Reuters. Revenue was in line with expectations.

The bank aggressively cut costs, which helped it overcome lower trading revenue and weakness in consumer banking outside the U.S.

"This is a big deal," said BMO Capital Markets analyst James Fotheringham, who had predicted higher expenses.

Citigroup hopes 2015 will be a turning point, after a year of being besieged by the stress-test failure and problems in its Mexico unit, Banamex. However, there are questions about how long the first-quarter momentum can last.

"Is this as good as it gets?" asked CLSA analyst Mike Mayo. "Is this a false start for Citigroup or is there a lot more ahead?"

Mr. Corbat replied that the bank had made substantive changes to diversify its revenue sources.

Sanford C. Bernstein analyst John McDonald said the quarter validated the bank's overall strategy of simplifying and slimming down, a mission it has been on since it was battered in the financial crisis.

The bank slashed operating expenses by 10% to $10.88 billion from $12.15 billion a year ago, trimming its spending on compensation, equipment, advertising and other business costs. Legal expenses also fell from a year ago, when the bank was preparing for a mortgage-securities settlement with the Justice Department. So did repositioning costs, which can include severance and related expenses a company pays when it is shrinking or rearranging businesses.

Low interest rates have been another theme of this quarter's earnings, with analysts and investors asking whether banks have a strategy to move forward even if rates stay low, which keeps them from charging more on loans.

But Chief Financial Officer John Gerspach emphasized that Citigroup isn't dependent on rates going higher, saying the bank plans to meet this year's financial targets regardless of how tough the rate environment might be.

"We weren't expecting to be bailed out by any sort of significant rate increase," Mr. Gerspach said, "and it doesn't look like that's going to happen."

Compared with some of its peers, Citigroup is less affected by low U.S. interest rates because many of its loans and deposits are outside the U.S., including in regions where they can charge higher rates on loans.

Profit in the consumer bank rose 3%, fueled by U.S. consumer banking. Profit in the investment bank and related units was roughly flat, hurt by the drop in trading revenue.

Citigroup's trading revenue was down 9.5%, to $4.36 billion from $4.81 billion a year ago. That was worse than J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. and Goldman Sachs Group Inc., which logged increases, and Bank of America Corp., which fell by a smaller proportion.

Part of the difference among the banks' trading results relates to the types of products they focus on. J.P. Morgan tends to trade currencies and rate products, which had a strong quarter. Citigroup and Bank of America focus on so-called spread products like mortgage-backed securities and corporate bonds, which had a weak quarter.

Also, Citigroup lost money when the Swiss franc unexpectedly surged earlier this year, while J.P. Morgan and Bank of America both made money.

In investment banking, Citigroup earned $298 million in fees from advising on mergers in the first quarter, up 70% from $175 million the year before. Merger advisory revenue was also up at J.P. Morgan, Bank of America and Goldman, a signal that companies are eager for deal-making.

Overall, Citigroup's profit was $4.77 billion, or $1.51 a share before adjusting for the one-time items. That compared with $3.94 billion, or $1.23 a share, a year ago.

Revenue slipped 2.3% to $19.74 billion, but adjusted revenue of $19.81 billion was basically in line with what analysts had expected, $19.82 billion.

Write to Christina Rexrode at christina.rexrode@wsj.com and Peter Rudegeair at peter.rudegeair@wsj.com

Access Investor Kit for Bank of America Corp.

Visit http://www.companyspotlight.com/partner?cp_code=P479&isin=US0605051046

Access Investor Kit for Citigroup, Inc.

Visit http://www.companyspotlight.com/partner?cp_code=P479&isin=US1729674242

Access Investor Kit for JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Visit http://www.companyspotlight.com/partner?cp_code=P479&isin=US46625H1005

Subscribe to WSJ: http://online.wsj.com?mod=djnwires

Citigroup (NYSE:C)
Historical Stock Chart
From Mar 2024 to Apr 2024 Click Here for more Citigroup Charts.
Citigroup (NYSE:C)
Historical Stock Chart
From Apr 2023 to Apr 2024 Click Here for more Citigroup Charts.