Blackstone Group LP on Thursday said its first-quarter profit more than doubled from a year ago on increased selling of corporate stakes and properties by its private-equity and real-estate businesses as the firm topped Wall Street expectations by a healthy margin and said it would pay out the largest quarterly dividend in its history.

The New York firm reported first-quarter profit of $629 million, or $1.01 a share, up from $266 million, or $44 cents a share, in the same period last year.

Blackstone's first-quarter economic net income was $1.6 billion, or $1.37 a share, up from $814 million, or 70 cents a share, a year ago. The result topped Wall Street's estimates for the profitability measure, which includes unrealized gains as well as cash earnings. Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters anticipated economic net income of $1.04 a share.

Economic net income at the firm's private-equity segment was more than twice what it was a year earlier while its real-estate business posted nearly double the profit measure as both units continued to cash out of investments profitably.

"Realization activity continued to accelerate while, at the same time, we've been raising and investing funds at an unprecedented rate, creating the basis for future value," said Stephen Schwarzman, Blackstone's chairman and chief executive.

Blackstone's credit and hedge-fund businesses reported lower economic net income than during the same time a year earlier. Blackstone's soon-to-be-spun-out financial-advisory unit pared its losses during the quarter.

Firmwide, first-quarter fee revenue rose 4% to $615 million. Blackstone's share of deal proceeds, or performance fees, during the quarter was $1.7 billion, twice the $779 million during the same period a year ago.

Blackstone, the world's largest private-equity firm, reported assets under management of $310 billion, up from $272 billion a year ago and $290 billion at the year end.

Meanwhile, its distributable earnings, the portion of profits in which shareholders can get a slice, were $1.2 billion in the first quarter, more than double the year prior's $485 million.

Blackstone said it would pay a dividend of 89 cents for the quarter, an increase from 35 cents a year ago and its highest ever quarterly payout.

Blackstone shares closed up 2.5%, or 98 cents, to $41.02 on Wednesday, the latest in a series of all-time highs reached this year as the stock has gained 21%.

Write to Ryan Dezember at ryan.dezember@wsj.com

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