A handful of large shareholders at J.C. Penney Co. reported exiting their stakes in the struggling department store operator this week, moves that come as the stock has plummeted since the start of the year.

According to several regulatory filings disclosed this week, Dodge & Cox, Hotchkis and Wiley Capital Management LLC and Hayman Capital Management L.P. unloaded their stakes in the company. Previous filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission show Dodge had owned 9.2% of Penney, Hotchkis had 6.33% and Hayman owned 5.2%.

Meanwhile, Evercore Trust Co. disclosed trimming its Penney stake to 4.12% from 5.34% last year. BlackRock Inc., though, raised its holding to 8% from 6.65% last year.

Penney declined to comment on the stock sales, saying it doesn't comment on market activity.

The ownership changes follow last year's high-profile exits of Pershing Square Capital Management LP and Vornado Realty Trust, which both had significant holdings in the company.

William Ackman, head of Pershing Square, unloaded his stake at a significant loss following a public spat with other board members as he tried to accelerate the search for a new chief executive.

Mr. Ackman had become a divisive figure at the company by backing the appointment of Apple Inc. retail executive Ron Johnson as chief executive in 2011 and supporting a strategy that ended up pushing the retailer deep into the red by the time it removed Mr. Johnson last April and brought back predecessor Myron Ullman.

Penney has still struggled to stem its sales declines, reporting earlier this month fiscal fourth-quarter sales that weren't a meaningful improvement from a year earlier, renewing fears about the company. The results fell well short of market expectations and raised questions about whether the company would be able to climb out of the hole caused by a failed overhaul under Mr. Johnson.

The shares have lost about a third of the value in the year-to-date and briefly traded under $5 a share, continuing a dramatic decline. The stock traded above $40 a share two years ago.

Write to Ben Fox Rubin at ben.rubin@wsj.com

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