Express Inc. said profit more than doubled in its first quarter, as the women's apparel retailer scaled back promotional activity and sales rose a better-than-expected 9%.

The company also issued upbeat earnings guidance for the current quarter and full year Thursday.

Mall-based chains such as Express, which spun off from L Brands Inc. in 2007, have struggled in recent years amid declining foot traffic and heavy promotions. After seven months of buyout talks with private-equity firm Sycamore Partners, negotiations ended in January. As with women's retailer Chico's, Sycamore abandoned its attempt to take Express private after failing to line up financing for the deal on acceptable terms.

At the time, Express signed a so-called standstill agreement that restricts it from working with third parties to acquire the retailer until June 15. Following news last week that Ascena Retail Group would buy Ann Inc. for $2 billion, some industry watchers wonder if Sycamore will come back to the table or if other potential suitors have their eye on Express.

Express said Thursday that better acceptance of its product assortment and a more restrained use of promotions helped drive first-quarter results.

For the current quarter, Express guided for 13 cents to 16 cents in per-share profit, above the 11 cents analysts expected. Sales at stores open at least a year will rise in the low-single digits, the company said. Analysts, according to Thomson Reuters, anticipated 11 cents in earnings per share and $500 million in revenue.

Express lifted its full-year earnings outlook, now expecting profit of $1.11 to $1.22 a share, up from its earlier guidance of 93 cents to $1.07 a share and well above the $1.06 average analyst estimate. The retailer affirmed its same-store-sales forecast of growth in the low-single digits. Analysts have been looking for earnings of $1.06 a share and sales of $2.3 billion.

In all for the first quarter, Express reported a profit of $13.1 million, or 15 cents a share, up from a year-earlier profit of $5.1 million, or 6 cents a share.

Excluding expenses related to a debt redemption, per-share earnings rose to 22 cents.

Revenue rose to $502.4 million from $460.7 million.

The company had guided for 11 cents to 14 cents in adjusted per-share profit. Analysts expected $487.8 million in revenue.

Same-store sales rose 7%. Express had projected an increase in the low- to mid-single digits. E-commerce sales increased 12% to $77.6 million.

Write to Lisa Beilfuss at lisa.beilfuss@wsj.com

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