By Min Zeng 

Investors sold U.S. government bonds on Friday as a solid jobs report stirred up anxiety that the Federal Reserve may raise interest rates in June.

The selling sent the yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note soaring to 2.238%, the highest intraday level since December 26. Yields rise as bond prices fall.

In recent trading, the yield was 2.236%, compared with 2.11% on Thursday, according to Tradeweb. The move deepened the selloff in the bond market over the past month, though the yield remains very low compared with a year ago.

The U.S. economy added 295,000 new jobs last month, the Labor Department said on Friday. Economists polled by The Wall Street Journal had expected 240,000. The unemployment rate fell to 5.5% in February from January's 5.7%.

"The U.S. economy is poised to continue to be on an upward slope and the Fed is getting closer to raising interest rates," said Christopher Sullivan, who oversees $2.45 billion as chief investment officer at the United Nations Federal Credit Union. "This is going to pressure bond yields to go higher. A rate increase in June cannot be ruled out."

Fed funds futures, used by investors and traders to place bets on central bank policy, showed Friday that investors see a 21% likelihood of a rate increase in June, compared with 16% a day earlier, according to data from the CME.

The odds of a rate increase at the September Fed meeting were 63% on Friday, compared with 51% on Thursday.

Anxiety over the Fed's rate policy outlook has pushed up the 10-year yield from 1.679% at the end of January. It now trades above 2.173% at the end of 2014. The yield remains lower compared with 3.03% at the end of 2013.

Fed Chairwoman Janet Yellen said in late February that the timing of an interest-rate increase depends on how the economy performs. U.S. job growth has gained traction over the past year but inflation remains stubbornly low, which has supported the Fed's policy of being patient.

The Fed's next policy meeting is scheduled on March 17-18. Investors will watch closely to see whether the Fed is going to drop the word "patience" from its statement. Ms. Yellen has said that a removal of the word doesn't mean a rate increase is imminent, yet traders say this will be a sign the Fed is moving closer to tightening.

Tony Crescenzi, senior market strategist at Pacific Investment Management Co. in Newport Beach, Calif., which has $1.68 trillion in assets under management, said the jobs report "seals an already largely closed deal" on the removal of patient from the Fed's next policy statement, and that "it keeps it on a path to raise interest rates as early as June depending on data to be released between now and then."

There were some numbers in the jobs report that may lead policymakers to be cautious.

Average hourly earnings among private-sector workers rose 3 cents last month to $24.78. Wages were up 2% from a year earlier, a slightly slower annual gain than January's annual gain of 2.2%. The figure suggests underlying slack remains in the labor market, despite an unemployment rate that has fallen from 6.7% a year earlier.

Brian Edmonds, head of interest rates at Cantor Fitzgerald LP in New York, said tame wage pressure means the Fed is not going to be "very aggressive" in raising interest rates, especially at a time when many other central banks have either cut interest rates or launched bond-buying programs to support growth.

Many investors say bond yields aren't going to rise significantly. Investors have been struggling to find bonds that offer a mix of safety and income in the current low-yield world.

The European Central Bank has been a big driver in sending global yields lower. ECB President Mario Draghi on Thursday said the bank will start buying bonds on Monday, including bonds yielding below zero, as part of the latest stimulus to combat deflation risks. The prospect of the ECB as a big buyer coming to the market has sent many government bonds in the eurozone into the negative-yield area over the past few months.

Analysts said the ECB's bond purchases will mop up all of the net issuance of the eurozone's government bond market over the next 12 months, which could send eurozone yields lower still. On Friday, bond yields in Spain, Italy, Portugal and Ireland all hit record lows, extending their decline from Thursday.

The yield premium an investor obtained by holding the 10-year Treasury note instead of a 10-year German government bond was about 1.84 percentage point Friday, the highest level since at least 2000.

A rising dollar adds to the allure of buying U.S. bonds for foreign investors. The dollar soared to the highest level since 2003 against the euro on Friday.

-- Write to Min Zeng at min.zeng@wsj.com