By Yeliz Candemir 

ISTANBUL-- Turkcell Iletisim Hizmetleri AS on Thursday held its first shareholder meeting since 2011, with an imminent threat of regulatory takeover forcing major stakeholders to cooperate even as they continue to fight to control Turkey's biggest mobile-phone operator.

In a statement, Turkcell said shareholders approved a dividend policy and the distribution of retroactive dividends for fiscal years 2010 through 2014. "The distribution [of a dividend] to shareholders [will be], by the latest, April 6, 2015," the company said.

The general assembly, gathering in Istanbul, not only marks a step toward normalization of long-strained ties among three major shareholders, but also provides investors with a 3.9 billion lira ($1.5 billion) dividend, the first payout since 2011 and equivalent to 42.5% of Turkcell's profits between 2010 and 2014.

After nearly a decade of legal battles and boardroom maneuvers that crippled decision-making at Turkcell, Cukurova Holding AS of Turkey, Russian oligarch Mikhail Fridman's Alfa Group and Sweden's TeliaSonera AB struck a rare compromise, providing a boon to investors but doing little to end their ownership struggle. If they had failed to convene the general assembly by Tuesday, Turkish regulators at the Capital Markets Board would have been able to seize power in the name of all shareholders, with the majority owners effectively relinquishing their authority and ability to set the dividend.

"Agreeing upon dividends does not warrant a resolution of dispute in other major issues. We still think that this dividend move is to avoid Capital Markets Board intervention," said Istanbul-based brokerage Oyak Securities. "The board deadlock remains."

Turkcell shares Thursday closed 1.82% lower, at 13.45 lira, amid a 1.4% lower overall Istanbul market. The shares had rallied by as much as 6.5% on Wednesday, when Cukurova, Alfa and TeliaSonera each said they had agreed on the dividend payment.

The moves come as the company seeks to reassure investors with new leadership, picking Kaan Terzioglu to take over as chief executive officer April 1.

There is more turbulence ahead, however, as last week, Alfa offered $2.8 billion to buy a 13.8% stake in Turkcell from Cukurova, owned by Turkish billionaire Mehmet Emin Karamehmet. Cukurova secured those shares, and control of Turkcell, last year by paying the Russian conglomerate $1.6 billion to reclaim the same stake Alfa now seeks to buy. Mr. Karamehmet had relinquished the shares to Alfa when Cukurova defaulted on a loan from the Russian firm, but a U.K. court said January 2013 that the Turkish firm had the right to regain the stake by paying off its debts, plus interest.

While Alfa seeks to gain control of Turkcell by buying the stocks it almost clinched because of a debt default, Turkish regulators have repeatedly warned that ownership changes are subject to their approval in a sign that the government is unlikely to allow a Russian takeover of a strategic national asset.

In 2013, Turkey's Capital Markets Board appointed five people to Turkcell's seven member board, signaling the government's intention to exert influence over the company through its regulatory watchdog. Most recently, the government increased its leverage over Turkcell when Cukurova got a loan from state-owned TC Ziraat Bankasi AS to pay its debt to Alfa in exchange for the controlling stake in the phone operator. The bank holds the 13.8% stake Alfa wants to buy as collateral to its loan to Mr. Karamehmet.

Write to Yeliz Candemir at yeliz.candemir@wsj.com

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