Item
8. Indemnification of Directors And Officers.
Under
the Israeli Companies Law 1999, or the Companies Law, a company may not exculpate an office holder from liability for a breach
of the duty of loyalty. An Israeli company may exculpate an office holder in advance from liability to the company, in whole or
in part, for damages caused to the company as a result of a breach of duty of care, but only if a provision authorizing such exculpation
is included in the company’s articles of association. Our articles of association include such a provision. The company
may not exculpate in advance a director from liability arising out of a prohibited dividend or distribution to shareholders.
Under
the Companies Law, a company may indemnify an office holder for the following liabilities, payments and expenses incurred for
acts performed by him or her as an office holder, either pursuant to an undertaking given by the company in advance of the act
or following the act, provided its articles of association authorize such indemnification:
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a
monetary liability imposed on him or her in favor of another person pursuant to a judgment, including a settlement or arbitrator’s
award approved by a court. However, if an undertaking to indemnify an office holder with respect to such liability is provided
in advance, then such an undertaking must be limited to events which, in the opinion of the board of directors, can be foreseen
based on the company’s activities when the undertaking to indemnify is given, and to an amount, or according to criteria,
determined by the board of directors as reasonable under the circumstances. Such undertaking shall detail the foreseen events
and amount or criteria mentioned above;
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reasonable
litigation expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder (1) as a result of an investigation
or proceeding instituted against him or her by an authority authorized to conduct such investigation or proceeding, provided
that (i) no indictment was filed against such office holder as a result of such investigation or proceeding; and (ii) no financial
liability was imposed upon him or her as a substitute for the criminal proceeding as a result of such investigation or proceeding
or, if such financial liability was imposed, it was imposed with respect to an offense that does not require proof of criminal
intent (mens rea); and (2) in connection with a monetary sanction; and
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reasonable
litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder or imposed by a court in proceedings instituted
against him or her by the company, on its behalf, or by a third party, or in connection with criminal proceedings in which
the office holder was acquitted, or as a result of a conviction for an offense that does not require proof of criminal intent
(mens rea).
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In
addition, under the Companies Law, a company may insure an office holder against the following liabilities incurred for acts performed
by him or her as an office holder, if and to the extent provided in the company’s articles of association:
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breach of a duty of loyalty to the company, provided that the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis
to believe that the act would not harm the company;
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a
breach of duty of care to the company or to a third party, to the extent such a breach arises out of the negligent conduct
of the office holder; and
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monetary liability imposed on the office holder in favor of a third party.
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Under
the Companies Law, a company may not indemnify, exculpate or insure an office holder against any of the following:
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a
breach of the duty of loyalty, except for indemnification and insurance for a breach of the duty of loyalty to the company
to the extent that the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that the act would not harm
the company;
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a
breach of the duty of care committed intentionally or recklessly, excluding a breach arising out of the negligent conduct
of the office holder;
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an
act or omission committed with intent to derive illegal personal benefit; or
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fine or penalty levied against the office holder.
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Under
the Companies Law, exculpation, indemnification and insurance of office holders in a public company must be approved by the compensation
committee and the board of directors and, with respect to certain office holders or under certain circumstances, also by the shareholders.
Our
amended and restated articles of association permit us to exculpate, indemnify and insure our office holders to the fullest extent
permitted under the Companies Law (other than indemnification for litigation expenses in connection with a monetary sanction).
We
have entered into indemnification and exculpation agreements with each of our current office holders exculpating them from a breach
of their duty of care to us to the fullest extent permitted by the Companies Law and undertaking to indemnify them to the fullest
extent permitted by the Companies Law.
We
are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation or proceeding involving any of our office holders as to which indemnification
is being sought, nor are we aware of any pending or threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification by any
office holder.
Item
10. Undertakings.
(a)
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1)
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement;
(i)
To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;
(ii)
To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set
forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or any decrease in volume of securities offered
(if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or
high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule
424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate
offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii)
To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement
or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided,
however,
paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the registration statement is on
Form S-3 or Form F-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained
in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant
to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2)
That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each such post-effective amendment
shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide
offering thereof.
(3)
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold
at the termination of the offering.
(4)
To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A. of
Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise
required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, need not be furnished,
provided
, that the Registrant
includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (a)(4)
and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those
financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to registration statements on Form F-3, a post-effective amendment
need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended, or Rule 3-19 of Regulation S-K if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed
with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended, that are incorporated by reference in this Form F-3.
(5)
That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(i)
If the Registrant is relying on Rule 430B:
(A)
Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as
of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B)
Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance
on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information
required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement
as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale
of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and
any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement
relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration
statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by
reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with
a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement
or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date;
or
(ii)
If the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating
to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A,
shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness.
Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement
or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part
of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify
any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in
any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
(6)
That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial
distribution of the securities: The undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned
Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser,
if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant
will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i)
Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant
to Rule 424;
(ii)
Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred
to by the undersigned Registrant;
(iii)
The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned
Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and
(iv)
Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
(b)
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933,
each filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration
statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the
initial
bona fide
offering thereof.
(c)
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors,
officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities
(other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant
in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection
with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by
controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against
public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(d)
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:
(i)
For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus
filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant
pursuant to Rule 424(b) (1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement
as of the time it was declared effective.
(ii)
For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form
of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering
of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(e)
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee
to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed
by the SEC under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.