LONDON--Royal Dutch Shell PLC on Thursday reported a rise in third-quarter earnings, with increases in both upstream and downstream, despite falling oil prices.

The Anglo-Dutch energy giant also named Charles O. Holliday as its new chairman. He will replace Jorma Ollila next year.

Shell's current cost-of-supplies profit--a measure similar to the net profit reported by U.S. oil companies--rose to $5.27 billion, from $4.25 billion a year earlier. Underlying replacement cost, which excludes identified items, was $5.85 billion, compared with $4.46 billion a year earlier. A poll of 10 analysts conducted by The Wall Street Journal forecast underlying replacement cost profit of $5.69 billion.

The oil major has increased its quarterly dividend to 47 cents a share, from 45 cents.

Chief Executive Ben van Beurden, said: "With $8.9 billion of dividends declared and $2.4 billion of shares repurchased in the first three quarters of this year, we are on track for a program of over $30 billion of dividend distributions and buybacks for 2014 and 2015 combined."

"All of this underlines the company's recent improved performance and potential for the future," Mr. van Beurden added.

Write to Justin Scheck at justin.scheck@wsj.com and Ian Walker at ian.walker@wsj.com

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