The partnership agreement contains specific provisions that are intended to discourage a person or group from attempting to remove Tesoro
Logistics GP, LLC as our general partner or otherwise change management. If any person or group other than the general partner and its affiliates acquires beneficial ownership of 20% or more of any class of units, that person or group loses voting
rights on all of its units. This loss of voting rights does not apply to any person or group that acquires the units from our general partner or its affiliates and any transferees of that person or group approved by our general partner or to any
person or group who acquires the units with the prior approval of the board of directors.
The partnership agreement also provides that if
the general partner is removed under circumstances where cause does not exist and units held by the general partner and its affiliates are not voted in favor of that removal:
If at any time the
general partner and its affiliates hold more than 75% of the then-issued and outstanding partnership securities of any class, the general partner will have the right, which it may assign in whole or in part to any of its affiliates or to us, to
acquire all, but not less than all, of the remaining partnership securities of the class held by unaffiliated persons as of a record date to be selected by the general partner, on at least 10 but not more than 60 days notice. The purchase
price in the event of this purchase is the greater of: (1) the highest cash price paid by either of the general partner or any of its affiliates for any partnership securities of the class purchased within the 90 days preceding the date on
which the general partner first mails notice of its election to purchase those partnership securities; and (2) the current market price as of the date three days before the date the notice is mailed.
As a result of the general partners right to purchase outstanding partnership securities, a holder of partnership securities may have
his partnership securities purchased at an undesirable time or price. The tax consequences to a unitholder of the exercise of this call right are the same as a sale by that unitholder of his common units in the market. Please read Material
Federal Income Tax Consequences Disposition of Common Units.
Except as described below regarding a person or group owning 20% or more of any class of units then outstanding, unitholders who are record
holders of units on the record date will be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, meetings of our limited partners and to act upon matters for which approvals may be solicited. In the case of common units held by the general partner on behalf of
non-citizen assignees, the general partner will distribute the votes on those common units in the same ratios as the votes of limited partners on other units are cast.
The general partner does not anticipate that any meeting of unitholders will be called in the foreseeable future. Any action that is required
or permitted to be taken by the unitholders may be taken either at a meeting of the unitholders or without a meeting if consents in writing describing the action so taken are signed by holders of the number of units necessary to authorize or take
that action at a meeting. Meetings of the unitholders may be called by the general partner or by unitholders owning at least 20% of the outstanding units of the class for which a meeting is proposed. Unitholders may vote either in person or by proxy
at meetings. The holders of a majority of the outstanding units of the class or classes for which a meeting has been called, represented in person or by proxy, will constitute a quorum unless any action by the unitholders requires approval by
holders of a greater percentage of the units, in which case the quorum will be the greater percentage.
Each record holder of a unit has a
vote according to his percentage interest in us, although additional limited partner interests having special voting rights could be issued. Please read Issuance of Additional Securities. However, if at any time any person or
group, other than the general partner and its affiliates, or a direct or subsequently approved transferee of the general partner or its affiliates, acquires, in the aggregate, beneficial ownership of 20% or more of any class of units then
outstanding, that person or group will lose voting rights on all of its units and the units may not be voted on any matter and will not be considered to be outstanding when sending notices of a meeting of unitholders, calculating required votes,
determining the presence of a quorum, or for other similar purposes. Common units held in nominee or street name account will be voted by the broker or other nominee in accordance with the instruction of the beneficial owner unless the arrangement
between the beneficial owner and his nominee provides otherwise.
Any notice, demand, request, report, or proxy material required or
permitted to be given or made to record holders of common units under the partnership agreement will be delivered to the record holder by us or by the transfer agent.
By transfer of
common units in accordance with our partnership agreement, each transferee of common units will be admitted as a limited partner with respect to the common units transferred when such transfer and admission are reflected in our books and records.
Except as described above under Limited Liability, the common units will be fully paid, and unitholders will not be required to make additional contributions.
If our
general partner, with the advice of counsel, determines we are subject to U.S. federal, state or local laws or regulations that, in the reasonable determination of our general partner, create a substantial risk of cancellation or forfeiture of
any property that we have an interest in because of the nationality, citizenship or other related status of any limited partner, then our general partner may adopt such amendments to our partnership agreement as it determines necessary or
advisable to:
A non-citizen assignee will not have the right to direct the voting of his units and may not
receive distributions in kind upon our liquidation.
To avoid any adverse effect on the maximum applicable rates chargeable to customers by us under Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
regulations, or in order to reverse an adverse determination that has occurred regarding such maximum applicable rate, our partnership agreement provides our general partner the power to amend the agreement. If our general partner, with the advice
of counsel, determines that our not being treated as an association taxable as a corporation or otherwise taxable as an entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, coupled with the tax status (or lack of proof thereof) of one or more of our
limited partners, has, or is reasonably likely to have, a material adverse effect on the maximum applicable rates chargeable to customers by us, then our general partner may adopt such amendments to our partnership agreement as it determines
necessary or advisable to:
A non-taxpaying assignee will not have the right to direct the voting of his units and may not
receive distributions in kind upon our liquidation.
Indemnification
Under the partnership agreement, in most circumstances, we will indemnify the following persons, to the fullest extent permitted by law, from
and against all losses, claims, damages, or similar events:
(1) the general partner;
(2) any departing general partner;
(3) any person who is or was an affiliate of the general partner of our general partner or any departing general partner;
(4) any person who is or was a manager, managing member, officer, director, employee, agent, fiduciary or trustee of any entity described
in (1), (2) or (3) above; or
(5) any person designated by the general partner.
Any indemnification under these provisions will only be out of our assets. Unless it otherwise agrees in its sole discretion, the general
partner will not be personally liable for, or have any obligation to contribute or loan funds or assets to us to enable us to effectuate, indemnification. We may purchase insurance against liabilities asserted against and expenses incurred by
persons for our activities, regardless of whether we would have the power to indemnify the person against liabilities under the partnership agreement.
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Reimbursement of Expenses
Our partnership agreement requires us to reimburse our general partner and its affiliates for all direct and indirect expenses they incur or
payments they make on our behalf and all other expenses allocable to us or otherwise incurred by our general partner in connection with operating our business. These expenses include salary, bonus, incentive compensation and other amounts paid to
persons who perform services for us or on our behalf and expenses allocated to our general partner by its affiliates. Our general partner is entitled to determine in good faith the expenses that are allocable to us.
Books and Reports
The general partner is
required to keep appropriate books of our business at our principal offices. The books will be maintained for both tax and financial reporting purposes on an accrual basis. For tax and fiscal reporting purposes, our fiscal year is the calendar year.
We will furnish or make available to record holders of common units, within 90 days after the close of each fiscal year, an annual
report containing audited financial statements and a report on those financial statements by our independent public accountants. Except for our fourth quarter, we will also furnish or make available summary financial information within 45 days
after the close of each quarter.
We will furnish each record holder of a unit with information reasonably required for tax reporting
purposes within 90 days after the close of each calendar year. This information is expected to be furnished in summary form so that some complex calculations normally required of partners can be avoided. Our ability to furnish this summary
information to unitholders will depend on the cooperation of unitholders in supplying us with specific information. Every unitholder will receive information to assist him in determining his federal and state tax liability and filing his federal and
state income tax returns, regardless of whether he supplies us with information.
Right to Inspect Our Books and Records
The partnership agreement provides that a limited partner can, for a purpose reasonably related to his interest as a limited partner, upon
reasonable demand and at his own expense, have furnished to him:
(1) a current list of the name and last known address of each
partner;
(2) a copy of our tax returns;
(3) information as to the amount of cash, and a description and statement of the agreed value of any other property or services,
contributed or to be contributed by each partner and the date on which each became a partner;
(4) copies of our partnership
agreement, our certificate of limited partnership, related amendments, and powers of attorney under which they have been executed;
(5) information regarding the status of our business and financial condition, to the extent set forth in our most recent filings on
Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K; and
(6) any other information regarding our affairs as is just and
reasonable.
The general partner may, and intends to, keep confidential from the limited partners trade secrets or other information the
disclosure of which the general partner believes in good faith is not in our best interests or that we are required by law or by agreements with third parties to keep confidential.
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Registration Rights
Under the partnership agreement, we have agreed to register for resale under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws any common
units or other partnership securities proposed to be sold by the general partner or any of its affiliates (excluding affiliates who are officers, directors or employees of the general partner) or their assignees if an exemption from the registration
requirements is not otherwise available. These registration rights continue for two years following any withdrawal or removal of Tesoro Logistics GP, LLC as our general partner. We are obligated to pay all expenses incidental to the registration,
excluding underwriting discounts and commissions.
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MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
This section is a summary of the material tax considerations that may be relevant to prospective unitholders who are individual citizens or
residents of the United States and, unless otherwise noted in the following discussion, is the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP, counsel to our general partner and us, insofar as it describes legal conclusions with respect to matters of U.S.
federal income tax law. To the extent this section discusses U.S. federal income taxes, the discussion is based upon current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Internal Revenue Code), existing and proposed
Treasury regulations promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code (the Treasury Regulations) and current administrative rulings and court decisions, all of which are subject to change. Changes in these authorities may cause the tax
consequences to vary substantially from the consequences described below. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this section to us or we are references to Tesoro Logistics LP and our operating subsidiaries.
The following discussion does not comment on all U.S. federal income tax matters affecting us or our unitholders. Moreover, the
discussion focuses on unitholders who are individual citizens or residents of the United States and has only limited application to corporations, estates, entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, trusts, nonresident
aliens, U.S. expatriates, and former citizens or long-term residents of the United States or other unitholders subject to specialized tax treatment, such as banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions, tax-exempt institutions,
foreign persons (including, without limitation, controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies, and non-U.S. persons eligible for the benefits of an applicable income tax treaty with the United States), IRAs, real estate
investment trusts (REITs) or mutual funds, dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities, U.S. persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, persons holding their common units as part of a straddle,
hedge, conversion transaction or other risk reduction transaction, and persons deemed to sell their units under the constructive sale provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. In addition, the discussion only comments, to a
limited extent, on state, local, and foreign tax consequences. Accordingly, we encourage each prospective unitholder to consult his own tax advisor in analyzing the state, local, and foreign tax consequences particular to him of the ownership or
disposition of common units and potential changes in applicable laws.
No ruling has been or will be requested from the Internal Revenue
Service (IRS) regarding our treatment as a partnership for tax purposes. Instead, we will rely on the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP. Unlike a ruling, an opinion of counsel represents only that counsels best legal judgment
and does not bind the IRS or the courts. Accordingly, the opinion and statements made herein may not be sustained by a court if contested by the IRS. Any contest of this sort with the IRS may materially and adversely impact the market for the common
units and the prices at which common units trade. In addition, the costs of any contest with the IRS, principally legal, accounting and related fees, will result in a reduction in cash available for distribution to our unitholders and our general
partner and thus will be borne indirectly by our unitholders and our general partner. Furthermore, the tax treatment of us, or of an investment in us, may be significantly modified by future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions.
Any modifications may or may not be retroactively applied.
All statements as to matters of U.S. federal income tax law and legal
conclusions with respect thereto, but not as to factual matters, contained in this section, unless otherwise noted, are the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP and are based on the accuracy of the representations made by us.
For the reasons described below, Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP has not rendered an opinion with respect to the following specific U.S. federal
income tax issues: (i) the treatment of an assignee of common units who fails to execute and deliver a transfer application (please read Limited Partner Status); (ii) the treatment of a unitholder whose common units are
loaned to a short seller to cover a short sale of common units (please read Tax Consequences of Common Unit Ownership Treatment of Securities Loans); (iii) whether our monthly convention for allocating taxable income
and losses is permitted by existing Treasury Regulations (please read Disposition of Common Units Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees); and
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(iv) whether our method for taking into account Section 743 adjustments is sustainable in certain cases (please read Tax Consequences of Common Unit Ownership
Section 754 Election and Disposition of Common Units Uniformity of Common Units).
Partnership Status
A partnership is generally not a taxable entity and incurs no U.S. federal income tax liability. Instead, each partner of a
partnership is required to take into account his share of items of income, gain, loss, and deduction of the partnership in computing his U.S. federal income tax liability, regardless of whether cash distributions are made to him by the partnership.
Distributions by a partnership to a partner are generally not taxable to the partnership or the partner unless the amount of cash distributed to him is in excess of the partners adjusted basis in his partnership interest. Section 7704 of
the Internal Revenue Code provides that publicly traded partnerships will, as a general rule, be taxed as corporations. However, an exception, referred to as the Qualifying Income Exception, exists with respect to publicly traded
partnerships of which 90% or more of the gross income for every taxable year consists of qualifying income. Qualifying income includes income and gains derived from the transportation, processing, storage, and marketing of crude oil,
natural gas and products thereof. Other types of qualifying income include interest (other than from a financial business), dividends, gains from the sale of real property, and gains from the sale or other disposition of capital assets held for the
production of income that otherwise constitutes qualifying income. We estimate that less than 2.0% of our current gross income is not qualifying income; however, this estimate could change from time to time. Based on and subject to this estimate,
the factual representations made by us and our general partner and a review of the applicable legal authorities, Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP is of the opinion that at least 90% of our current gross income constitutes qualifying income. The portion
of our income that is qualifying income may change from time to time.
The IRS has made no determination as to our status or the status of
our operating subsidiaries for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Instead, we will rely on the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP on such matters. It is the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP that, based upon the Internal Revenue Code, its
regulations, published revenue rulings and court decisions and the representations described below that:
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We will be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and
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Except for a subsidiary that has elected to be classified for U.S. federal income tax purposes as an association taxable as a corporation or that is a corporation, each of our operating subsidiaries will be classified
as either a partnership or disregarded as an entity separate from us or one of our subsidies for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
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In rendering its opinion, Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP has relied on factual representations made by us and our general partner. The
representations made by us and our general partner upon which Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP has relied include:
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Neither we nor our operating subsidiaries that intend to be classified as a partnership or a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes has elected or will elect to be treated as a corporation; and
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For each taxable year, more than 90% of our gross income has been and will be income of the type that Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP has opined or will opine is qualifying income within the meaning of
Section 7704(d) of the Internal Revenue Code.
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We believe that these representations have been true in the past and
expect that these representations will continue to be true in the future.
If we fail to meet the Qualifying Income Exception, other than
a failure that is determined by the IRS to be inadvertent and that is cured within a reasonable time after discovery (in which case the IRS may also require us to make adjustments with respect to our unitholders or pay other amounts), we will be
treated as if we had transferred all of our assets, subject to our liabilities, to a newly formed corporation, on the first day of the year in
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which we fail to meet the Qualifying Income Exception, in return for stock in that corporation, and then distributed that stock to the unitholders in liquidation of their interests in us. This
deemed contribution and liquidation should be tax-free to unitholders and us so long as we, at that time, do not have liabilities in excess of the tax basis of our assets. Thereafter, we would be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax
purposes.
If we were treated as a corporation in any taxable year, either as a result of a failure to meet the Qualifying Income
Exception or otherwise, our items of income, gain, loss, and deduction would be reflected only on our tax return rather than being passed through to our unitholders, and our net income would be taxed to us at corporate rates, and our net losses
would not flow through to our unitholders. In addition, any distribution made to a unitholder would be treated as taxable dividend income, to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, or, in the absence of earnings and profits,
a nontaxable return of capital, to the extent of the unitholders tax basis in his common units, and thereafter, taxable capital gain from the sale of such common units. Accordingly, taxation as a corporation would result in a material
reduction in a unitholders cash flow and after-tax return and thus would likely result in a substantial reduction of the value of the common units.
The discussion below is based on Norton Rose Fulbright US LLPs opinion that we will be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal
income tax purposes.
Limited Partner Status
Unitholders of Tesoro Logistics LP will be treated as partners of Tesoro Logistics LP for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Also, unitholders
whose common units are held in street name or by a nominee and who have the right to direct the nominee in the exercise of all substantive rights attendant to the ownership of their common units will be treated as partners of Tesoro Logistics LP for
U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Because there is no direct authority addressing assignees of common units who are entitled to execute
and deliver transfer applications and thereby become entitled to direct the exercise of attendant rights, but who fail to execute and deliver transfer applications, Norton Rose Fulbright US LLPs opinion does not extend to these persons.
Furthermore, a purchaser or other transferee of common units who does not execute and deliver a transfer application may not receive some U.S. federal income tax information or reports furnished to record holders of common units unless the common
units are held in a nominee or street name account and the nominee or broker has executed and delivered a transfer application for those common units.
A beneficial owner of common units whose units have been transferred to a short seller to complete a short sale may lose his status as a
partner with respect to those common units for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Please read Tax Consequences of Common Unit Ownership Treatment of Securities Loans.
Items of our income, gain, deduction, and or loss would not appear to be reportable by a unitholder who is not a partner for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, and any cash distributions received by a unitholder who is not a partner for U.S. federal income tax purposes therefore would likely be fully taxable as ordinary income. These holders are urged to consult their tax advisors with
respect to their tax consequences of holding our common units. The references to unitholders in the discussion that follows are to persons who are treated as partners of Tesoro Logistics LP for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Tax Consequences of Common Unit Ownership
Flow-Through of Taxable Income
Subject to the discussion below under Tax Consequences of Common Unit Ownership Entity-Level Collections, we do not
pay any U.S. federal income tax. Instead, each unitholder is required to report on his income tax return his share of our income, gains, losses, and deductions without regard to whether we make cash distributions to him. Consequently, we may
allocate income to a unitholder even if he has not received a cash
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distribution. Each unitholder is required to include in income his allocable share of our income, gains, losses and deductions for our taxable year or years ending with or within his taxable
year. Our taxable year ends on December 31.
Treatment of Distributions
Distributions by us to a unitholder generally will not be taxable to the unitholder for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except to the extent
the amount of any such cash distribution exceeds his tax basis in his common units immediately before the distribution. Our cash distributions in excess of a unitholders tax basis in his common units generally will be considered to be gain
from the sale or exchange of the common units, taxable in accordance with the rules described under Disposition of Common Units below. Any reduction in a unitholders share of our liabilities for which no partner, including
the general partner, bears the economic risk of loss, known as nonrecourse liabilities, will be treated as a distribution by us of cash to that unitholder to the extent of the decrease in the unitholders share of such liabilities.
To the extent our distributions cause a unitholders at-risk amount to be less than zero at the end of any taxable year, he must recapture any losses deducted in previous years. Please read Tax Consequences of Common
Unit Ownership Limitations on Deductibility of Losses.
A decrease in a unitholders percentage interest in us because
of our issuance of additional common units will decrease his share of our nonrecourse liabilities, and thus will result in a corresponding deemed distribution of cash, which may constitute a non-pro rata distribution. A non-pro rata distribution of
money or property may result in ordinary income to a unitholder, regardless of his tax basis in his common units, if the distribution reduces the unitholders share of our unrealized receivables, including depreciation recapture
and/or substantially appreciated inventory items, both as defined in Section 751 of the Internal Revenue Code, and collectively, Section 751 Assets. To that extent, the unitholder will be treated as having been
distributed his proportionate share of the Section 751 Assets and then having exchanged those assets with us in return for the non-pro rata portion of the actual distribution made to him. This latter deemed exchange will generally result in the
unitholders realization of ordinary income, which will equal the excess of the non-pro rata portion of that distribution over the unitholders tax basis for the share of Section 751 Assets deemed relinquished in the exchange.
Basis of Common Units
A
unitholders initial tax basis in his common units will be the amount he paid for the common units plus his share of our nonrecourse liabilities. That initial tax basis will be increased by his share of our income and gains and by any
subsequent increases in his share of our nonrecourse liabilities. That basis will generally be decreased, but not below zero, by distributions from us, by the unitholders share of our losses and deductions, by any decreases in his share of our
nonrecourse liabilities and by his share of our expenditures that are not deductible in computing taxable income and are not required to be capitalized. A unitholder will have no share of our debt that is recourse for U.S. federal income tax
purposes to our general partner to the extent of the general partners net value as defined in regulations under Section 752 of the Internal Revenue Code, but will have a share of our nonrecourse liabilities generally based on
such unitholders share of our profits. Please read Disposition of Common Units Recognition of Gain or Loss.
Limitations on Deductibility of Losses
The deduction by a unitholder of his share of our losses will be limited to the tax basis in his common units and, in the case of an individual
unitholder, estate, trust, or corporate unitholder (if more than 50% of the value of the corporate unitholders stock is owned directly or indirectly by or for five or fewer individuals or some tax-exempt organizations) to the amount for which
the unitholder is considered to be at risk with respect to our activities, if that amount is less than his tax basis. A common unitholder subject to the at-risk limitation must recapture losses deducted in previous years to the extent
that distributions (including distributions deemed to
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result from a reduction in a unitholders share of nonrecourse liabilities) cause his at-risk amount to be less than zero at the end of any taxable year. Losses disallowed to a unitholder as
a result of these limitations or recaptured as a result of the at-risk limitation will carry forward and will be allowable as a deduction in a later year to the extent that his tax basis or at-risk amount, whichever is the limiting factor, is
subsequently increased, provided such losses are otherwise allowable. Upon the taxable disposition of the unitholders common unit, any gain recognized by a unitholder can be offset by losses that were previously suspended by the at-risk
limitation but may not be offset by losses suspended by the basis limitation. Any excess loss above that gain previously suspended by the at-risk or basis limitations is no longer utilizable.
In general, a unitholder will be at risk to the extent of the tax basis of his common units, excluding any portion of that basis attributable
to his share of our nonrecourse liabilities, reduced by any amount of money he borrows to acquire or hold his common units, if the lender of those borrowed funds owns an interest in us, is related to the unitholder who has an interest in us, or can
look only to the common units for repayment. A unitholders at-risk amount will increase or decrease as the tax basis of the unitholders common units increases or decreases, other than tax basis increases or decreases attributable to
increases or decreases in his share of our nonrecourse liabilities.
In addition to the basis and at-risk limitations on the deductibility
of losses, the passive loss limitations generally provide that individuals, estates, trusts, and some closely-held corporations and personal service corporations can deduct losses from passive activities, which are generally trade or business
activities in which the taxpayer does not materially participate, only to the extent of the taxpayers income from those passive activities. The passive loss limitations are applied separately with respect to each publicly traded partnership.
Consequently, for any unitholder to whom the passive loss limitation applies, any passive losses we generate allocable to such unitholder will only be available to offset our passive income allocable to such unitholder in the future and will not be
available to offset income from such unitholders other passive activities or investments, including our investments or such unitholders investments in other publicly traded partnerships, or the unitholders salary or active business
or other income. Further, a unitholders share of our net income may be offset by any suspended passive losses from his investment in us, but may not be offset by his current or carryover losses from other passive activities, including those
attributable to other publicly traded partnerships. Passive losses that are not deductible because they exceed a unitholders share of income we generate may be deducted in full when he disposes of his entire investment in us in a fully taxable
transaction with an unrelated party. The passive activity loss limitations are applied after other applicable limitations on deductions, including the at-risk rules and the basis limitation.
Limitations on Interest Deductions
The deductibility of a non-corporate taxpayers investment interest expense is generally limited to the amount of that
taxpayers net investment income. Investment interest expense includes:
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interest on indebtedness properly allocable to property held for investment;
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our interest expense attributed to portfolio income; and
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the portion of interest expense incurred to purchase or carry an interest in a passive activity to the extent attributable to portfolio income.
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The computation of a unitholders investment interest expense will take into account interest on any margin account borrowing or other
loan incurred to purchase or carry a common unit. Net investment income includes gross income from property held for investment and amounts treated as portfolio income under the passive loss rules, less deductible expenses, other than interest,
directly connected with the production of investment income, but generally does not include qualified dividend income or gains attributable to the disposition of property held for investment. The IRS has indicated that net passive income earned by a
publicly traded partnership will be treated as investment income to its unitholders for purposes of the investment interest deduction limitation. In addition, the unitholders share of our portfolio income will be treated as investment income.
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Entity-Level Collections
If we are required or elect under applicable law to pay any federal, state, local, or foreign income tax on behalf of any unitholder or our
general partner or any former unitholder, we are authorized to pay those taxes from our funds. That payment, if made, will be treated as a distribution of cash to the unitholder on whose behalf the payment was made. If the payment is made on behalf
of a person whose identity cannot be determined, we are authorized to treat the payment as a distribution to all current unitholders. We are authorized to amend our partnership agreement in the manner necessary to maintain uniformity of intrinsic
tax characteristics of common units and to adjust later distributions, so that after giving effect to these distributions, the priority and characterization of distributions otherwise applicable under our partnership agreement is maintained as
nearly as is practicable. Payments by us as described above could give rise to an overpayment of tax on behalf of an individual unitholder in which event the unitholder may be required to file a claim in order to obtain a credit or refund.
Unitholders are urged to consult their tax advisors to determine the consequences to them of any tax payment we make on their behalf.
Allocation of Income, Gain, Loss, and Deduction
In general, if we have a net profit, our items of income, gain, loss, and deduction will be allocated among our general partner and the
unitholders in accordance with their percentage interests in us. At any time that incentive distributions are made, gross income will be allocated to the recipients to the extent of these distributions. If we have a net loss, that loss will be
allocated first to our general partner and the unitholders in accordance with their percentage interests in us to the extent of their positive capital accounts and, second, to our general partner. Finally, although we do not expect that our
operations will result in the creation of negative capital accounts, if negative capital accounts nevertheless result, items of our income and gain will be allocated in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate the negative balance as quickly as
possible.
An allocation of items of our income, gain, loss, or deduction will generally be given effect for U.S. federal income tax
purposes in determining a partners share of an item of income, gain, loss, or deduction only if the allocation has substantial economic effect. In any other case, a partners share of an item will be determined on the basis of
his interest in us, which will be determined by taking into account all the facts and circumstances, including:
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his relative contributions to us;
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the interests of all the partners in economic profits and losses;
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the interest of all the partners in cash flow; and
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the rights of all the partners to distributions of capital upon liquidation.
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Specified items
of our income, gain, loss, and deduction will be allocated under Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code to account for any difference between the tax basis and fair market value of any property contributed to us that exists at the time of
such contribution (the Initial Book-Tax Disparity). The effect of these allocations, referred to as Section 704(c) Allocations, to a unitholder purchasing common units from us in an offering will be essentially the same as if the
tax bases of our assets were equal to their fair market values at the time of the offering. In the event we issue additional common units or engage in certain other transactions in the future, reverse Section 704(c) Allocations,
similar to the Section 704(c) Allocations described above, will be made to the general partner and all of our unitholders immediately prior to such issuance or other transactions to account for any difference between the tax basis and the fair
market value of our assets at the time of an offering (this book-tax disparity together with the Initial Book-Tax Disparity, the Book-Tax Disparity). As a result, the U.S. federal income tax burden associated with any Book-Tax Disparity
immediately prior to an offering generally will be borne by the unitholders holding interests in us prior to such offering. In addition, items of recapture income will be allocated to the extent possible to the unitholder who was allocated the
deduction giving rise to the treatment of that gain as recapture income in order to minimize the recognition of ordinary income by other unitholders.
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Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP is of the opinion that, with the exception of the issues described
in Section 754 Election and Disposition of Common Units Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees, allocations under our partnership agreement will be given effect for U.S. federal income tax
purposes in determining a partners share of an item of income, gain, loss, or deduction.
Treatment of Securities Loans
A unitholder whose common units are loaned (for example, a loan to a short seller to cover a short sale of common units) may be
treated as having disposed of those common units. If so, he would no longer be treated for tax purposes as a partner with respect to those common units during the period of the loan and may recognize gain or loss from the disposition. As a result,
during this period:
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any of our income, gain, loss, or deduction with respect to those common units would not be reportable by the lending unitholder;
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any cash distributions received by the lending unitholder as to those common units would be fully taxable; and
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all of these distributions would appear to be ordinary income.
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Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP
has not rendered an opinion regarding the tax treatment of a unitholder that enters into a securities loan with respect to its common units. Therefore, unitholders desiring to assure their status as partners and avoid the risk of gain recognition
from a loan to a short seller are urged to consult a tax advisor to discuss whether it is advisable to modify any applicable brokerage account agreements to prohibit their brokers from borrowing and loaning their common units. The IRS has previously
announced that it is studying issues relating to the tax treatment of short sales of partnership interests. Please also read Disposition of Common Units Recognition of Gain or Loss.
Alternative Minimum Tax
Each unitholder will be required to take into account his distributive share of any items of our income, gain, loss, or deduction for purposes
of the alternative minimum tax. The current minimum tax rate for noncorporate taxpayers is 26% on the first $186,300 ($93,150 if the unitholder is married and filing separately) of alternative minimum taxable income in excess of the exemption
amount and 28% on any additional alternative minimum taxable income. Prospective unitholders are urged to consult with their tax advisors as to the impact of an investment in common units on their liability for the alternative minimum tax.
Tax Rates
Under current
law, the highest marginal U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to ordinary income of individuals is 39.6% and the maximum U.S. federal income tax rate for net capital gains of an individual is 20% (or 25% for unrecaptured depreciation on real
property) if the asset disposed of was a capital asset held for more than twelve months at the time of disposition. These rates are subject to change by new legislation at any time.
In addition, a 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income earned by individuals, estates, and trusts. For these purposes,
net investment income generally includes a unitholders allocable share of our income and gain realized by a unitholder from a sale of common units. In the case of an individual, the tax will be imposed on the lesser of (i) the
unitholders net investment income or (ii) the amount by which the unitholders modified adjusted gross income exceeds $250,000 (if the unitholder is married and filing jointly or a surviving spouse), $125,000 (if the unitholder is
married and filing separately) or $200,000 (in any other case). In the case of an estate or trust, the tax will be imposed on the lesser of (i) undistributed net investment income or (ii) the excess adjusted gross income over the dollar
amount at which the highest income tax bracket applicable to an estate or trust begins for such taxable year.
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Section 754 Election
We have made the election permitted by Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code. That election is irrevocable without the consent of the
IRS unless there is a constructive termination of the partnership. Please read Disposition of Common Units Constructive Termination. The election generally permits us to adjust a common unit purchasers tax basis in
our assets (inside basis) under Section 743(b) of the Internal Revenue Code to reflect his purchase price. This election applies to a person who purchases common units from a selling unitholder but does not apply to a person who
purchases common units directly from us. The Section 743(b) adjustment belongs to the purchaser and not to other unitholders. For purposes of this discussion, a unitholders inside basis in our assets will be considered to have two
components: (i) his share of our tax basis in our assets (common basis) and (ii) his Section 743(b) adjustment to that basis.
We have adopted the remedial allocation method as to all our properties. Where the remedial allocation method is adopted, the Treasury
Regulations under Section 743 of the Internal Revenue Code require a portion of the Section 743(b) adjustment that is attributable to recovery property subject to depreciation under Section 168 of the Internal Revenue Code and whose
book basis is in excess of its tax basis to be depreciated over the remaining cost recovery period for the propertys unamortized Book-Tax Disparity. Under Treasury Regulation Section 1.167(c)-1(a)(6), a Section 743(b) adjustment
attributable to property subject to depreciation under Section 167 of the Internal Revenue Code, rather than cost recovery deductions under Section 168, is generally required to be depreciated using either the straight-line method or the
150% declining balance method. Under our partnership agreement, our general partner is authorized to take a position to preserve the uniformity of common units even if that position is not consistent with these and any other Treasury Regulations.
Please read Uniformity of Common Units.
Although Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP is unable to opine as to the validity of
this approach because there is no controlling authority on this issue, we intend to depreciate the portion of a Section 743(b) adjustment attributable to unrealized appreciation in the value of contributed property, to the extent of any
unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, using a rate of depreciation or amortization derived from the depreciation or amortization method and useful life applied to the unamortized Book-Tax Disparity of that property, or treat that portion as
non-amortizable to the extent attributable to property which is not amortizable. This method is consistent with methods employed by other publicly traded partnerships but is arguably inconsistent with Treasury Regulation
Section 1.167(c)-1(a)(6), which is not expected to directly apply to a material portion of our assets. To the extent this Section 743(b) adjustment is attributable to appreciation in value in excess of the unamortized Book-Tax Disparity,
we will apply the rules described in the Treasury Regulations and legislative history. If we determine that this position cannot reasonably be taken, we may take a depreciation or amortization position under which all purchasers acquiring common
units in the same month would receive depreciation or amortization, whether attributable to common basis or a Section 743(b) adjustment, based upon the same applicable rate as if they had purchased a direct interest in our assets. This kind of
aggregate approach may result in lower annual depreciation or amortization deductions than would otherwise be allowable to some unitholders. Please read Disposition of Common Units Uniformity of Common Units. A
unitholders tax basis for his common units is reduced by his share of our deductions (whether or not such deductions were claimed on an individuals income tax return) so that any position we take that understates deductions will
overstate the common unitholders basis in his common units, which may cause the unitholder to understate gain or overstate loss on any sale of such common units. Please read Disposition of Common Units Recognition of Gain
or Loss.
The IRS may challenge our position with respect to depreciating or amortizing the Section 743(b) adjustment we take
to preserve the uniformity of our common units. If such a challenge were sustained, the gain from the sale of common units might be increased without the benefit of additional deductions.
A Section 754 election is advantageous if the transferees tax basis in his common units is higher than the common units share
of the aggregate tax basis of our assets immediately prior to the transfer. In that case, as a result of the election, the transferee would have, among other items, a greater amount of depreciation deductions and his share of any gain or loss on a
sale of our assets would be less. Conversely, a Section 754 election is
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disadvantageous if the transferees tax basis in his common units is lower than those common units share of the aggregate tax basis of our assets immediately prior to the transfer.
Thus, the fair market value of the common units may be affected either favorably or unfavorably by the election. A basis adjustment is required regardless of whether a Section 754 election is made in the case of a transfer of an interest in us
if we have a substantial built-in loss immediately after the transfer, or if we distribute property and have a substantial basis reduction. Generally, a built-in loss or a basis reduction is substantial if it exceeds $250,000.
The calculations involved in the Section 754 election are complex and will be made on the basis of assumptions as to the value of our
assets and other matters. For example, the allocation of the Section 743(b) adjustment among our assets must be made in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code. The IRS could seek to reallocate some or all of any Section 743(b)
adjustment allocated by us to our tangible assets to goodwill instead. Goodwill, as an intangible asset, is generally either non-amortizable or amortizable over a longer period of time or under a less accelerated method than our tangible assets. We
cannot assure a prospective unitholder that the determinations we make will not be successfully challenged by the IRS and that the deductions resulting from them will not be reduced or disallowed altogether. Should the IRS require a different basis
adjustment to be made, and should, in our opinion, the expense of compliance exceed the benefit of the election, we may seek permission from the IRS to revoke our Section 754 election. If permission is granted, a subsequent purchaser of common
units may be allocated more income than he would have been allocated had the election not been revoked.
Tax Treatment of Operations
Accounting Method and Taxable Year
We use the year ending December 31 as our taxable year and the accrual method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Each
unitholder will be required to include in income his share of our income, gain, loss, and deduction for our taxable year or years ending within or with his taxable year. In addition, a unitholder who has a taxable year different than our tax year
and who disposes of all of his common units following the close of our taxable year but before the close of his taxable year must include his share of our income, gain, loss, and deduction in income for his taxable year, with the result that he will
be required to include in income for his taxable year his share of more than one year of our income, gain, loss, and deduction. Please read Disposition of Common Units Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees.
Tax Basis, Depreciation, and Amortization
The tax basis of our assets is used for purposes of computing depreciation and cost recovery deductions and, ultimately, gain or loss on the
disposition of these assets. The U.S. federal income tax burden associated with the difference between the fair market value of our assets and their tax basis immediately prior to the time of an offering will be borne by our unitholders prior to the
offering. Please read Tax Consequences of Common Unit Ownership Allocation of Income, Gain, Loss, and Deduction.
To the extent allowable, we may elect to use the depreciation and cost recovery methods, including additional first year depreciation to the
extent available, that will result in the largest deductions being taken in the early years after assets subject to these allowances are placed in service. Property we subsequently acquire or construct may be depreciated using accelerated methods
permitted by the Internal Revenue Code.
If we dispose of depreciable property by sale, foreclosure, or otherwise, all or a portion of any
gain, determined by reference to the amount of depreciation previously deducted and the nature of the property, may be subject to the recapture rules and taxed as ordinary income rather than capital gain. Similarly, a unitholder who has taken cost
recovery or depreciation deductions with respect to property we own will likely be required to recapture some or all of those deductions as ordinary income upon a sale of his common units. Please read Tax Consequences of Common Unit
Ownership Allocation of Income, Gain, Loss, and Deduction and Disposition of Common Units Recognition of Gain or Loss.
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The costs we incur in selling our common units (called syndication expenses) must be
capitalized and cannot be deducted currently, ratably, or upon our termination. There are uncertainties regarding the classification of costs as organization expenses, which we may amortize, and as syndication expenses, which we may not be able to
amortize. The underwriting discounts and commissions we incur will be treated as syndication expenses.
Valuation and Tax Basis of Our
Properties
The U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of common units will depend in part on our
estimates of the relative fair market values and the tax bases of our assets. Although we may from time to time consult with professional appraisers regarding valuation matters, we will make many of the relative fair market value estimates
ourselves. These estimates and determinations of basis are subject to challenge and will not be binding on the IRS or the courts. If the estimates of fair market value or basis are later found to be incorrect, the character and amount of items of
income, gain, loss, or deductions previously reported by unitholders might change, and unitholders might be required to adjust their tax liability for prior years and incur interest and penalties with respect to those adjustments.
Disposition of Common Units
Recognition of Gain or Loss
Gain or loss will be recognized on a sale of common units equal to the difference between the unitholders amount realized and the
unitholders tax basis for the common units sold. A unitholders amount realized will be measured by the sum of the cash or the fair market value of other property received by him plus his share of our nonrecourse liabilities attributable
to the common units sold. Because the amount realized includes a unitholders share of our nonrecourse liabilities, the gain recognized on the sale of common units could result in a tax liability in excess of any cash received from the sale.
Prior distributions from us in excess of cumulative net taxable income for a common unit that decreased a unitholders tax basis in
that common unit will, in effect, become taxable income if the common unit is sold at a price greater than the unitholders tax basis in that common unit, even if the price received is less than his original cost.
Except as noted below, gain or loss recognized by a unitholder, other than a dealer in common units, on the sale or exchange of a
common unit will generally be taxable as gain or loss from the sale of a capital asset. Capital gain recognized by an individual on the sale of common units held more than 12 months will generally be taxed at the U.S. federal income tax rate
applicable to long-term capital gains. However, a portion, which will likely be substantial, of this gain or loss will be separately computed and taxed as ordinary income or loss under Section 751 of the Internal Revenue Code to the extent
attributable to assets giving rise to depreciation recapture or other unrealized receivables or to inventory items we own. The term unrealized receivables includes potential recapture items, including depreciation
recapture. Ordinary income attributable to unrealized receivables, inventory items, and depreciation recapture may exceed net taxable gain realized on the sale of a common unit and may be recognized even if there is a net taxable loss realized on
the sale of a common unit. Thus, a unitholder may recognize both ordinary income and a capital loss upon a sale of common units. Net capital losses may offset capital gains and no more than $3,000 of ordinary income, in the case of individuals, and
may only be used to offset capital gains in the case of corporations. Both ordinary income and capital gain recognized on the sale or exchange of common units may be subject to the 3.8% Medicare tax in certain circumstances. Please read
Tax Consequences of Common Unit Ownership Tax Rates.
For purposes of calculating gain or loss on the sale of common units,
the unitholders adjusted tax basis will be adjusted by his allocable share of our income or loss in respect of his common units for the year of the sale. Furthermore, the IRS has ruled that a partner who acquires interests in a partnership in
separate transactions must
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combine those interests and maintain a single adjusted tax basis for all those interests. Upon a sale or other disposition of less than all of those interests, a portion of that tax basis must be
allocated to the interests sold using an equitable apportionment method, which generally means that the tax basis allocated to the interest sold equals an amount that bears the same relation to the partners tax basis in his entire
interest in the partnership as the value of the interest sold bears to the value of the partners entire interest in the partnership. Treasury Regulations under Section 1223 of the Internal Revenue Code allow a selling unitholder who can
identify common units transferred with an ascertainable holding period to elect to use the actual holding period of the common units transferred. Thus, according to the ruling discussed above, a unitholder will be unable to select high or low basis
common units to sell as would be the case with corporate stock, but, according to the Treasury Regulations, he may designate specific common units sold for purposes of determining the holding period of common units transferred. A unitholder electing
to use the actual holding period of common units transferred must consistently use that identification method for all subsequent sales or exchanges of common units. A unitholder considering the purchase of additional common units or a sale of common
units purchased in separate transactions is urged to consult his tax advisor as to the possible consequences of this ruling and application of the Treasury Regulations.
Specific provisions of the Internal Revenue Code affect the taxation of some financial products and securities, including partnership
interests, by treating a taxpayer as having sold an appreciated partnership interest, one in which gain would be recognized if it were sold, assigned, or terminated at its fair market value, if the taxpayer or related persons enter(s)
into:
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an offsetting notional principal contract; or
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a futures or forward contract;
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in each case, with respect to the partnership interest or substantially
identical property.
Moreover, if a taxpayer has previously entered into a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract or a
futures or forward contract with respect to the partnership interest, the taxpayer will be treated as having sold that position if the taxpayer or a related person then acquires the partnership interest or substantially identical property. The
Secretary of the Treasury is also authorized to issue regulations that treat a taxpayer that enters into transactions or positions that have substantially the same effect as the preceding transactions as having constructively sold the financial
position.
Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees
In general, our taxable income or loss will be determined annually, will be prorated on a monthly basis, and will be subsequently apportioned
among the unitholders in proportion to the number of common units owned by each of them as of the opening of the applicable exchange on the first business day of the month, which is referred to in this discussion as the Allocation Date.
However, gain or loss realized on a sale or other disposition of our assets other than in the ordinary course of business will be allocated among the unitholders on the Allocation Date in the month in which that gain or loss is recognized. As a
result, a unitholder transferring common units may be allocated income, gain, loss, and deduction realized after the date of transfer.
Although simplifying conventions are contemplated by the Internal Revenue Code and most publicly traded partnerships use similar simplifying
conventions, the use of this method may not be specifically authorized or permitted under existing Treasury Regulations. Recently, however, the Department of the Treasury and the IRS issued Treasury Regulations pursuant to which a publicly traded
partnership may use a similar monthly simplifying convention to allocate tax items among transferor and transferee unitholders. However, such regulations may not specifically authorize all aspects of our proration method. Accordingly, Norton
Rose Fulbright US LLP is unable to opine on the validity of our method of allocating income and deductions between
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transferee and transferor unitholders. If the IRS were to successfully challenge our proration method, our taxable income or losses could be reallocated among our unitholders. We are authorized
to revise our method of allocation between transferee and transferor unitholders, as well as among unitholders whose interests vary during a taxable year, to conform to the new Treasury Regulations.
A unitholder who owns common units at any time during a quarter and who disposes of them prior to the record date set for a cash distribution
for that quarter will be allocated items of our income, gain, loss, and deductions attributable to that quarter but will not be entitled to receive that cash distribution.
Notification Requirements
A unitholder who sells any of his common units, other than through a broker, is generally required to notify us in writing of that sale within
30 days after the sale (or, if earlier, January 15 of the year following the sale). A purchaser of common units who purchases common units from another unitholder is also generally required to notify us in writing of that purchase within 30
days after the purchase. Upon receiving such notification, we are required to notify the IRS of that transaction and to furnish specified information to the transferor and transferee. Failure to notify us of a transfer of common units may, in some
cases, lead to the imposition of penalties. However, these reporting requirements do not apply to a sale by an individual who is a citizen of the United States and who effects the sale or exchange through a broker who will satisfy such requirements.
Constructive Termination
We will be considered to have technically terminated for U.S. federal income tax purposes if there are sales or exchanges of 50% or more of the
total interests in our capital and profits within a twelve-month period. For purposes of determining whether the 50% threshold has been met, multiple sales of the same interest will only be counted once. Our technical termination would, among other
things, result in the closing of our taxable year for all unitholders, which would result in us filing two tax returns for one fiscal year. However, pursuant to an IRS relief procedure, the IRS may allow a technically terminated partnership to
provide a single Schedule K-1 for the calendar year in which a termination occurs. Our technical termination could also result in a deferral of depreciation deductions allowable in computing our taxable income. In the case of a unitholder reporting
on a taxable year other than a fiscal year ending December 31, the closing of our taxable year may also result in more than 12 months of our taxable income or loss being includable in his taxable income for the year of termination. Our
termination currently would not affect our classification as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but instead we would be treated as a new partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If treated as a new partnership, we must make
new tax elections, including a new election under Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code, and could be subject to penalties if we are unable to determine that a termination occurred. Moreover, a termination may either accelerate the
application of, or subject us to, any tax legislation enacted before the termination that would not otherwise have been applied to us as a continuing partnership as opposed to a terminating partnership.
Uniformity of Common Units
Because we cannot match transferors and transferees of common units and other reasons, we must maintain uniformity of the economic and tax
characteristics of the common units to a purchaser of these common units. In the absence of uniformity, we may be unable to completely comply with a number of U.S. federal income tax requirements, both statutory and regulatory. A lack of uniformity
can result from a literal application of Treasury Regulation Section 1.167(c)-1(a)(6). Any non-uniformity could have a negative impact on the value of the common units. Please read Tax Consequences of Common Unit Ownership
Section 754 Election.
We intend to depreciate the portion of a Section 743(b) adjustment attributable to unrealized
appreciation in the value of contributed property, to the extent of any unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, using a rate of depreciation or amortization derived from the depreciation or amortization method and useful life applied to the
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unamortized Book-Tax Disparity of that property, or treat that portion as non-amortizable, to the extent attributable to property is not amortizable, consistent with the Treasury Regulations
under Section 743 of the Internal Revenue Code, even though that position may be inconsistent with Treasury Regulation Section 1.167(c)-1(a)(6). Please read Tax Consequences of Common Unit Ownership Section 754
Election. To the extent that the Section 743(b) adjustment is attributable to appreciation in value in excess of the unamortized Book-Tax Disparity, we will apply the rules described in the Treasury Regulations and legislative history. If
we determine that this position cannot reasonably be taken, we may adopt a depreciation and amortization position under which all purchasers acquiring common units in the same month would receive depreciation and amortization deductions, whether
attributable to common basis or a Section 743(b) adjustment, based upon the same applicable methods and lives as if they had purchased a direct interest in our property. If this position is adopted, it may result in lower annual depreciation
and amortization deductions than would otherwise be allowable to some unitholders and risk the loss of depreciation and amortization deductions not taken in the year that these deductions are otherwise allowable. This position will not be adopted if
we determine that the loss of depreciation and amortization deductions will have a material adverse effect on the unitholders. If we choose not to utilize this aggregate method, we may use any other reasonable depreciation and amortization method to
preserve the uniformity of the intrinsic tax characteristics of any common units that would not have a material adverse effect on the unitholders. Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP has not rendered an opinion with respect to these methods. The IRS may
challenge any method of depreciating the Section 743(b) adjustment described in this paragraph. If this challenge were sustained, the uniformity of common units might be affected, and the gain from the sale of common units might be increased
without the benefit of additional deductions. We do not believe these allocations will affect any material items of income, gain, loss, or deduction. Please read Disposition of Common Units Recognition of Gain or Loss.
Tax-Exempt Organizations and Other Investors
Ownership of common units by employee benefit plans, other tax-exempt organizations, non-resident aliens, regulated investment companies,
foreign corporations and other foreign persons raises issues unique to those investors and, as described below, may have substantially adverse tax consequences to them. Employee benefit plans and most other organizations exempt from U.S. federal
income tax, including IRAs and other retirement plans, are subject to U.S. federal income tax on unrelated business taxable income. Virtually all of our income allocated to a unitholder that is a tax-exempt organization will be unrelated business
taxable income and will be taxable to it.
Non-resident aliens and foreign corporations, trusts or estates that own common units, unless
exempted or further limited by an income tax treaty, will be considered to be engaged in business in the United States because of the ownership of common units. As a consequence, they will be required to file U.S. federal tax returns to report their
share of our income, gain, loss, or deduction and pay U.S. federal income tax at regular rates on their share of our net income or gain. Moreover, under rules applicable to publicly traded partnerships, our quarterly distribution to foreign
unitholders will be subject to withholding at the highest applicable effective tax rate. Each foreign unitholder must obtain a taxpayer identification number from the IRS and submit that number to our transfer agent on a Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or
applicable substitute form) in order to obtain credit for these withholding taxes.
In addition, because a foreign corporation that owns
common units will be treated as engaged in a U.S. trade or business, that corporation may be subject to the U.S. branch profits tax at a rate of 30%, in addition to regular U.S. federal income tax, on its share of our income and gains, as adjusted
for changes in the foreign corporations U.S. net equity, that is effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business. That tax may be reduced or eliminated by an income tax treaty between the United States and the
country in which the foreign corporate unitholder is a qualified resident. In addition, this type of unitholder is subject to special information reporting requirements under Section 6038C of the Internal Revenue Code.
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Under a ruling published by the IRS, a foreign unitholder who sells or otherwise disposes of a
common unit will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized on the sale or disposition of that common unit to the extent that this gain is effectively connected with a United States trade or business of the foreign unitholder. Because a
foreign unitholder is considered to be engaged in a trade or business in the United States by virtue of the ownership of common units, under this ruling, a foreign unitholder who sells or otherwise disposes of a common unit generally will be subject
to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized on the sale or other disposition of common units. Moreover, under the Foreign Investment In Real Property Tax Act, a foreign unitholder generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax upon the sale or
disposition of a common unit if (i) he owned (directly or constructively applying certain attribution rules) more than 5% of our common units at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of such disposition and (ii) 50% or
more of the fair market value of all of our assets consisted of U.S. real property interests at any time during the shorter of the period during which such unitholder held the common units or the five-year period ending on the date of disposition.
Currently, more than 50% of our assets consist of U.S. real property interests and we do not expect that to change in the foreseeable future. Therefore, foreign unitholders may be subject to federal income tax on gain from the sale or disposition of
their units. However, a foreign unitholder will not be taxed or subject to withholding upon the sale or disposition of a common unit if he has owned 5% or less in value of the common units during the applicable five-year period ending on the date of
the disposition so long as our common units are regularly traded on an established securities market at the time of the sale or disposition.
Administrative Matters
Information Returns and Audit Procedures
We intend to furnish to each unitholder, within 90 days after the close of each calendar year, specific tax information, including a Schedule
K-1, which describes his share of our income, gain, loss, and deduction for our preceding calendar year. In preparing this information, which will not be reviewed by counsel, we will take various accounting and reporting positions, some of which
have been mentioned earlier, to determine each unitholders share of income, gain, loss, and deduction. We cannot assure you that those positions will yield in all cases a result that conforms to the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code,
Treasury Regulations, or administrative interpretations of the IRS. Neither we nor Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP can assure prospective unitholders that the IRS will not successfully contend in court that those positions are impermissible. Any
challenge by the IRS could negatively affect the value of the common units.
The IRS may audit our U.S. federal income tax information
returns. Neither we nor Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP can assure prospective unitholders that the IRS will not successfully challenge the positions we adopt, and such a challenge could adversely affect the value of the common units. Adjustments
resulting from an IRS audit may require each unitholder to adjust a prior years tax liability and may result in an audit of the unitholders own return.
Partnerships generally are treated as separate entities for purposes of U.S. federal income tax audits, judicial review of administrative
adjustments by the IRS, and tax settlement proceedings. The tax treatment of partnership items of income, gain, loss, and deduction are determined in a partnership proceeding rather than in separate proceedings with the partners. The Internal
Revenue Code requires that one partner be designated as the Tax Matters Partner for these purposes. Our partnership agreement names Tesoro Logistics GP, LLC as our Tax Matters Partner.
The Tax Matters Partner has made and will make some elections on our behalf and on behalf of unitholders. In addition, the Tax Matters Partner
can extend the statute of limitations for assessment of tax deficiencies against unitholders for items in our returns. The Tax Matters Partner may bind a unitholder with less than a 1% profits interest in us to a settlement with the IRS unless that
unitholder elects, by filing a statement with the IRS, not to give that authority to the Tax Matters Partner. The Tax Matters Partner may seek judicial review, by which all the unitholders are bound, of a final partnership administrative adjustment
and, if the Tax Matters Partner fails
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to seek judicial review, judicial review may be sought by any unitholder having at least a 1% interest in profits or by any group of unitholders having in the aggregate at least a 5% interest in
profits. However, only one action for judicial review will go forward, and each unitholder with an interest in the outcome may participate in that action.
A unitholder must file a statement with the IRS identifying the treatment of any item on his U.S. federal income tax return that is not
consistent with the treatment of the item on our return. Intentional or negligent disregard of this consistency requirement may subject a unitholder to substantial penalties.
New Partnership Audit Rules
Recently enacted legislation applicable to partnership tax years beginning after 2017 alters the procedures for auditing partnerships and for
assessing and collecting U.S. federal income taxes due (including any applicable penalties and interest) as a result of an audit by the IRS. Under the new rules, unless we are eligible to (and do) elect to issue adjusted Schedules K-1 to our
unitholders with respect to an audited and adjusted return, the IRS will assess and collect taxes (including any applicable penalties and interest) directly from us in the year in which the audit is completed. If we are required to make payments of
taxes, penalties, and interest resulting from audit adjustments, our cash available for distribution to our unitholders might be substantially reduced. In addition, because payment would be due for the taxable year in which the audit is completed,
unitholders during that taxable year would bear the expense of the adjustment even if they were not unitholders during the audited taxable year. Pursuant to this new legislation, we will designate a person (our general partner) to act as the
partnership representative who shall have the sole authority to act on our behalf with respect to dealings with the IRS under these new audit procedures.
Additional Withholding Requirements
Under Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Internal Revenue Code (such Sections are commonly referred to as FATCA), the relevant
withholding agent may be required to withhold 30% of any interest, dividends, and other fixed or determinable annual or periodical gains, profits, and income from sources within the United States, or gross proceeds from the sale of any property
of a type which can produce interest or dividends from sources within the United States occurring after December 31, 2018, in each case paid to (i) a foreign financial institution (as specifically defined in the Internal Revenue Code)
which does not provide sufficient documentation, typically on IRS Form W-8BEN-E, evidencing either an exemption from FATCA or its compliance (or deemed compliance) with FATCA (which alternatively may be in the form of compliance with an
intergovernmental agreement with the United States) in a manner which avoids withholding or (ii) a non-financial foreign entity (as specifically defined in the Internal Revenue Code) which does not provide sufficient documentation,
typically on IRS Form W-8BEN-E, evidencing either an exemption from FATCA or adequate information regarding certain substantial U.S. beneficial owners of such entity (if any). In addition, other countries have implemented regimes similar to that of
FATCA. Each prospective unitholder is encouraged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the possible implications of FATCA on their investment in our common units.
Nominee Reporting
Persons who hold an interest in us as a nominee for another person are required to furnish to us:
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the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of the beneficial owner and the nominee;
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a statement whether the beneficial owner is:
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a person that is not a United States person;
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a foreign government, an international organization or any wholly owned agency or instrumentality of either of the foregoing; or
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the amount and description of common units held, acquired or transferred for the beneficial owner; and
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specific information including the dates of acquisitions and transfers, means of acquisitions and transfers, and acquisition cost for purchases, as well as the amount of net proceeds from dispositions.
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Brokers and financial institutions are required to furnish additional information, including whether they are United States
persons and specific information on common units they acquire, hold, or transfer for their own account. A penalty of $250 per failure, up to a maximum of $3,000,000 per calendar year, is imposed by the Internal Revenue Code for failure to report
that information to us. The nominee is required to supply the beneficial owner of the common units with the information furnished to us.
Accuracy-Related Penalties
An additional tax equal to 20% of the amount of any portion of an underpayment of tax that is attributable to one or more specified causes,
including negligence or disregard of rules or regulations, substantial understatements of income tax and substantial valuation misstatements, is imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. No penalty will be imposed, however, for any portion of an
underpayment if it is shown that there was a reasonable cause for that portion and that the taxpayer acted in good faith regarding that portion.
For individuals, a substantial understatement of income tax in any taxable year exists if the amount of the understatement exceeds the greater
of 10% of the tax required to be shown on the return for the taxable year or $5,000. For most corporations, a substantial understatement of income tax in any taxable year exists if the amount of the understatement exceeds the lesser of 10% of the
tax required to be shown on the return (or $10,000 if greater) for the taxable year or $10 million. The amount of any understatement subject to penalty generally is reduced if any portion is attributable to a position adopted on the return:
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for which there is, or was, substantial authority; or
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as to which there is a reasonable basis and the pertinent facts of that position are disclosed on the return.
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If any item of income, gain, loss, or deduction included in the distributive shares of unitholders might result in that kind of an
understatement of income for which no substantial authority exists, we must disclose the pertinent facts on our return. In addition, we will make a reasonable effort to furnish sufficient information for unitholders to make
adequate disclosure on their returns and to take other actions as may be appropriate to permit unitholders to avoid liability for this penalty. More stringent rules apply to tax shelters, which we do not believe includes us, or any of
our investments, plans or arrangements.
A substantial valuation misstatement exists if (a) the value of any property, or the
adjusted basis of any property, claimed on a tax return is 150% or more of the amount determined to be the correct amount of the valuation or adjusted basis, (b) the price for any property or services (or for the use of property) claimed on any
such return with respect to any transaction between persons described in Internal Revenue Code Section 482 is 200% or more (or 50% or less) of the amount determined under Section 482 to be the correct amount of such price, or (c) the
net Internal Revenue Code Section 482 transfer price adjustment for the taxable year exceeds the lesser of $5 million or 10% of the taxpayers gross receipts. No penalty is imposed unless the portion of the underpayment attributable to a
substantial valuation misstatement exceeds $5,000 ($10,000 for most corporations). If the valuation claimed on a return is 200% or more than the correct valuation or certain other thresholds are met, the penalty imposed increases to 40%. We do not
anticipate making any substantial valuation misstatements.
In addition, the 20% accuracy-related penalty also applies to any portion of
an underpayment of tax that is attributable to transactions lacking economic substance. To the extent that such transactions are not disclosed, the penalty imposed is increased to 40%. Additionally, there is no reasonable cause defense to the
imposition of this penalty to such transactions.
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We do not anticipate that any accuracy-related penalties will be assessed against us.
Reportable Transactions
If we were to engage in a reportable transaction, we (and possibly unitholders and others) would be required to make a detailed
disclosure of the transaction to the IRS. A transaction may be a reportable transaction based upon any of several factors, including the fact that it is a type of tax avoidance transaction publicly identified by the IRS as a listed
transaction or that it produces certain kinds of losses for partnerships, individuals, S corporations, and trusts in excess of $2 million in any single year, or $4 million in any combination of the tax year that the transaction is entered into
and the five successive taxable years. Our participation in a reportable transaction could increase the likelihood that our U.S. federal income tax information return (and possibly a unitholders tax return) would be audited by the IRS. Please
read Information Returns and Audit Procedures.
Moreover, if we were to participate in a reportable transaction with a
significant purpose to avoid or evade tax, or in any listed transaction, a unitholder may be subject to the following additional consequences:
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accuracy-related penalties with a broader scope, significantly narrower exceptions, and potentially greater amounts than described above at Accuracy-Related Penalties;
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for those persons otherwise entitled to deduct interest on federal tax deficiencies, nondeductibility of interest on any resulting tax liability; and
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in the case of a listed transaction, an extended statute of limitations.
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We do not expect to
engage in any reportable transactions.
Recent Legislative Developments
The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of publicly traded partnerships, including us, or an investment in common units may be modified
by administrative, legislative, or judicial interpretation at any time. For example, from time to time, the President and members of the Congress propose and consider substantive changes to the existing U.S. federal income tax laws that affect
publicly traded partnerships, including the elimination of partnership tax treatment of publicly traded partnerships. Any modification to the U.S. federal income tax laws and interpretations thereof may or may not be retroactively applied and could
make it more difficult or impossible to meet the exception for us to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Please read Partnership Status. We are unable to predict whether any such changes will
ultimately be enacted. However, it is possible that a change in law could affect us, and any such changes could negatively impact the value of common units.
In addition, the IRS has issued proposed regulations regarding qualifying income under Section 7704(d)(1)(E) of the Internal Revenue Code (the
Proposed Regulations). We do not believe the Proposed Regulations affect our ability to qualify as a publicly traded partnership. However, there are no assurances that final Treasury Regulations will not include changes that interpret
Section 7704(d)(1)(E) in a manner that is contrary to the Proposed Regulations, which could modify the amount of our gross income that we are able to treat as qualifying income for the purposes of the qualifying income exception. We are unable to
predict whether any such changes will ultimately be enacted. However, it is possible that a change in law could affect us and may be applied retroactively. Any such changes could negatively impact the value of an investment in our common units.
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State, Local, Foreign and Other Tax Considerations
In addition to U.S. federal income taxes, unitholders may be subject to other taxes, such as state, local, and foreign income taxes,
unincorporated business taxes, and estate, inheritance, or intangible taxes that may be imposed by the various jurisdictions in which we do business or own property or in which a unitholder is a resident. Although an analysis of those various taxes
is not presented here, each prospective unitholder should consider their potential impact on his investment in us. Many of the states in which we currently operate impose a personal income tax on individuals. As we make acquisitions or expand our
business, we may control assets or conduct business in additional states that impose a personal income tax. Although a unitholder may not be required to file a return and pay taxes in some jurisdictions because his income from that jurisdiction
falls below the filing and payment requirement, such unitholder will be required to file income tax returns and to pay income taxes in many of these jurisdictions in which we do business or own property and may be subject to penalties for failure to
comply with those requirements. In some jurisdictions, tax losses may not produce a tax benefit in the year incurred and may not be available to offset income in subsequent taxable years. Some of the jurisdictions may require us, or we may elect, to
withhold a percentage of income from amounts to be distributed to a unitholder who is not a resident of the jurisdiction. Withholding, the amount of which may be greater or less than a particular unitholders income tax liability to the
jurisdiction, generally does not relieve a nonresident unitholder from the obligation to file an income tax return. Amounts withheld will be treated as if distributed to unitholders for purposes of determining the amounts distributed by us. Please
read Tax Consequences of Common Unit Ownership Entity-Level Collections. Based on current law and our estimate of our future operations, our general partner anticipates that any amounts required to be withheld will not be
material.
It is the responsibility of each unitholder to investigate the legal and tax consequences, under the laws of pertinent
states, localities, and foreign jurisdictions, of his investment in us. Accordingly, each prospective unitholder is urged to consult, and depend on, his own tax counsel or other advisor with regard to those matters. Further, it is the responsibility
of each unitholder to file all state, local, and foreign, as well as U.S. federal tax returns, that may be required of him. Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP has not rendered an opinion on the state, local, or foreign tax consequences of holding our
common units.
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INVESTMENT IN TESORO LOGISTICS LP BY EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
An investment in us by an employee benefit plan is subject to additional considerations because the investments of these plans are subject to
the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and the restrictions imposed by Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, and provisions under any federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations
that are similar to such provisions of the Internal Revenue Code or ERISA (collectively, Similar Laws). For these purposes, the term employee benefit plan includes, but is not limited to, qualified pension, profit-sharing and
stock bonus plans, Keogh plans, simplified employee pension plans and tax deferred annuities or individual requirement accounts or annuities (IRAs) established or maintained by an employer or employee organization, and entities whose
underlying assets are considered to include plan assets if such plans, accounts and arrangements. Among other things, consideration should be given to:
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whether the investment is prudent under Section 404(a)(1)(B) of ERISA;
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whether in making the investment, that plan will satisfy the diversification requirements of Section 404(a)(l)(C) of ERISA;
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whether the investment will result in recognition of unrelated business taxable income by the plan and, if so, the potential after-tax investment return. Please read Material Federal Income Tax Consequences
Tax-Exempt Organizations and Other Investors; and
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whether making such an investment will comply with the delegation of control and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA, the Internal Revenue Code and any other applicable Similar Laws.
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The person with investment discretion with respect to the assets of an employee benefit plan, often called a fiduciary, should determine
whether an investment in us is authorized by the appropriate governing instrument and is a proper investment for the plan.
Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code prohibit employee benefit plans, and IRAs that are not considered
part of an employee benefit plan, from engaging in specified transactions involving plan assets with parties that with respect to the plan, are parties in interest under ERISA or disqualified persons under the
Internal Revenue Code unless an exemption is available. A party in interest or disqualified person who engages in a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to excise taxes and other penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Internal
Revenue Code. In addition, the fiduciary of the ERISA plan that engaged in such a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code.
In addition to considering whether the purchase of common units is a prohibited transaction, a fiduciary should consider whether the plan
will, by investing in us, be deemed to own an undivided interest in our assets, with the result that general partner would be a fiduciary of such plan and our operations would be subject to the regulatory restrictions of ERISA, including its
prohibited transaction rules, as well as the prohibited transaction rules of the Internal Revenue Code, ERISA and any other applicable Similar Laws.
The Department of Labor regulations provide guidance with respect to whether, in certain circumstances, the assets of an entity in which
employee benefit plans acquire equity interests would be deemed plan assets. Under these regulations, an entitys assets would not be considered to be plan assets if, among other things:
(a) the equity interests acquired by the employee benefit plan are publicly offered securities i.e., the equity interests are
widely held by 100 or more investors independent of the issuer and each other, are freely transferable and are registered under certain provisions of the federal securities laws;
(b) the entity is an operating company, i.e., it is primarily engaged in the production or sale of a product or
service, other than the investment of capital, either directly or through a majority-owned subsidiary or subsidiaries; or
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(c) there is no significant investment by benefit plan investors, which is defined to mean
that less than 25% of the value of each class of equity interest is held by the employee benefit plans referred to above that are subject to ERISA and IRAs and other similar vehicles that are subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue
Code.
Our assets should not be considered plan assets under these regulations because it is expected that the investment will
satisfy the requirements in (a) and (b) above.
In light of the serious penalties imposed on persons who engage in prohibited
transactions or other violations, plan fiduciaries contemplating a purchase of common units should consult with their own counsel regarding the consequences under ERISA, the Internal Revenue Code and other Similar Laws.
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LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the common units offered in this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP, Dallas, Texas. Norton
Rose Fulbright US LLP will also render an opinion on the material U.S. federal income tax consequences regarding the securities. If certain legal matters in connection with an offering of the securities made by this prospectus and a related
prospectus supplement are passed on by counsel for the underwriters of such offering, that counsel will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement related to that offering.
EXPERTS
The combined consolidated financial statements of Tesoro Logistics LP appearing in Tesoro Logistics LPs Annual Report (Form 10-K) for
the year ended December 31, 2015, and the effectiveness of Tesoro Logistics LPs internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as
set forth in their reports thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such combined consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firm as
experts in accounting and auditing.
The audited historical consolidated financial statements of QEP Field Services Company, included as
Exhibit 99.4 of Tesoro Logistics LPs Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 19, 2014, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the
authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The audited historical combined statements of revenues and direct operating
expenses of the Northwest Products System, a component of Chevron Pipeline Company, included as Exhibit 99.1 to Tesoro Logistics LPs Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on August 8, 2013, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report
of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
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Tesoro Logistics LP
5,000,000 Common Units
Representing Limited Partner Interests
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
, 2017
Citigroup
Deutsche Bank Securities