XOM Exxon Mobil Corp

By Christopher M. Matthews 

On first blush, New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman's probe into Exxon Mobil Corp.'s accounting practices raises some questions. For instance, why is the top cop in New York investigating the Texas-based company's financial disclosures, a job more commonly handled by the federal Securities and Exchange Commission?

But Mr. Schneiderman has been knee deep in Exxon's internal forecasting for more than a year, using a powerful New York state fraud law to investigate the company's knowledge of the impact of climate change and how it could affect its future business.

The new probe into why Exxon hasn't written down the value of its assets two years into a crash in oil prices is an outgrowth of the climate change investigation, say people familiar with the matter, and yet another example of the wide jurisdiction of New York's Martin Act.

Both probes have been examining whether Exxon, the world's largest publicly traded energy company, violated the 1921 law, under which prosecutors must prove a company misled or omitted material facts from investors while offering securities.

The law grants wide powers. It doesn't require prosecutors to prove there was criminal intent or even that there were victims of an alleged fraud, something other agencies, including the SEC, have to prove under federal securities law.

An Exxon spokesman declined to comment on the investigation but said the company didn't have any material impairment impacts in its financial results.

Similar investigations brought by at least five other state attorneys general have been hampered by aggressive moves by Exxon, which, for instance, has sought to quash subpoenas issued by Massachusetts and the U.S. Virgin Islands. But the company hasn't challenged Mr. Schneiderman's broad subpoenas for emails, financial records, internal forecasts and other documents, a nod to breadth of the Martin Act.

Still, some legal experts have questioned whether Mr. Schneiderman is overreaching with his use of the Martin Act.

"You'd think if there was an issue about marking down reserves or other misstatements, that would be the eminent province of the SEC," said James Fanto, a professor at Brooklyn Law School.

Since 2014, oil producers world-wide have been forced to recognize that wells they plan to drill in the future are worth $200 billion less than they once thought, and revisions have become a staple of oil industry earnings, helping to push losses to record levels. Exxon hasn't taken any write-downs -- the only major U.S. oil producer not to do so -- which has led some analysts to question its accounting practices.

"The Attorney General's office is conducting an investigation into potential business fraud, consumer fraud, and securities fraud," spokesman Eric Soufer said. "As the Attorney General has said, the company's financial disclosures -- and not the accuracy of its historic climate change research -- are the focus of this investigation."

Columbia Law School Professor Merritt B. Fox said the key issue for Mr. Schneiderman in either probe is whether the information Exxon allegedly withheld was, in fact, material in the eyes of the investing world.

"If they have evidence Exxon knew about the effects of climate change or falling prices on its assets and didn't disclose it to people outside, that has the possibility of being a material misstatement or omission," Professor Fox said.

But if the public could make investment decisions with other publicly available information, "it could be an issue," for Mr. Schneiderman, he said.

News of Mr. Schneiderman's new focus, reported by The Wall Street Journal on Friday, also comes amid pushback to the climate change investigations by conservative advocacy groups, lawmakers and state AGs.

The Energy & Environment Legal Institute, a conservative nonprofit, released emails last week from other AGs offices that were involved in a March press conference set up by Mr. Schneiderman to announce a coalition to combat climate change. The group, which obtained the emails through Freedom of Information requests, say they show skepticism by the other AG offices about the New York probe.

Meanwhile, a group of 11 Republican state attorneys general have filed motions to support Exxon's efforts in Massachusetts state court to challenge a subpoena sent to the company by Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey.

Write to Christopher M. Matthews at christopher.matthews@wsj.com

(END) Dow Jones Newswires

September 16, 2016 17:52 ET (21:52 GMT)

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