By Chao Deng 

Asia shares were mostly lower Thursday with China suffering the most, in response to fresh worries over Beijing's restrictions on lending by local brokerages.

Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index fell 1.1% and Japan's Nikkei Stock Average was down 1.1%, as investors factored in a statement by the U.S. Federal Reserve Wednesday that it would remain patient in raising interest rates. Asian investors are weighing the prospect of monetary easing and interest-rate cuts by central banks around the world with tightening by the U.S. Fed. More easing is expected to keep capital flowing into risky assets, including stocks in Asia.

Hong Kong-listed China stocks performed especially badly, amid concerns about another clampdown on margin financing. The Hang Seng China Enterprises Index lost 2.2% and on the mainland, the Shanghai Composite was down 1% after China's securities regulator said it would inspect margin trading activities at dozens of companies, according to the state-controlled news agency Xinhua.

Margin trading--the practice of borrowing money to invest in stocks--helped the Shanghai benchmark gain 53% last year. The outstanding balance of margin is at just over 1.1 trillion yuan ($177 billion).

Chinese shares sank 7.7% at the beginning of last week when the regulator said it had suspended three of the country's largest brokers from opening new margin-trading accounts for clients for three months. This time around, the regulator told Xinhua that the inspections were a normal event that "should not be over-interpreted."

Overnight weakness in oil also weighed on the market. In Asian trade, U.S. oil prices stayed below the $45-a-barrel mark.

The FTSE Bursa Malaysia was down 0.7% while the ringgit traded near a 5 1/2-year low after the country's central bank kept interest rates on hold Wednesday. Malaysia is a net exporter of oil and its stocks have been the hardest-hit amid the global oil-price slump.

In Australia, the S&P ASX 200 was up 0.3%. The country's central bank remains on track to cut interest rates in the coming months, if not next week, amid a slowing local economy and rising unemployment. The Reserve Bank of Australia meets on Tuesday.

In Korea, Samsung Electronics Co. was down 1.3% after the firm said the worst was likely over for its mobile division, as its turns to mobile chips and cheaper smartphones to spur a recovery in profit. Samsung said its fourth-quarter profit fell to 5.35 trillion won ($4.9 billion), down 27% from a year earlier and marking a third straight quarter of decline as its mobile division's operating profit plunged 64%.

Write to Chao Deng at Chao.Deng@wsj.com