By Dan Strumpf and Saumya Vaishampayan 

The Dow Jones Industrial Average slipped Thursday following disappointing earnings reports from a handful of big U.S. companies.

The Dow shed 14 points, or 0.1%, to 17837. The S&P 500 index added a point, or 0.1%, to 2115. The Nasdaq Composite Index rallied 22 points, or 0.4%, to 5194.

Investors were disappointed with the quarterly results from Dow components American Express Co., 3M Co. and Caterpillar Inc., even as many companies continued to surpass the muted expectations of the second-quarter earnings season. Including results from 125 companies in the S&P 500, earnings are on track to fall 2.7%, according to FactSet, better than the 4.5% decline initially expected by analysts.

Shares of American Express shed 2.8%, posting the biggest loss in the Dow after the credit-card company's second-quarter earnings fell 3.7%.

3M shares declined 2.5% after the manufacturing giant lowered its 2015 earnings guidance, though second-quarter profits rose.

Caterpillar shares declined 2.5% after the heavy equipment maker reported a steeper-than-expected 13% drop in quarterly sales

"You end up with a little bit of a mixed earnings picture," said Brian Levitt, senior investment strategist at OppenheimerFunds. "There are some companies that are still dealing with the headwinds of what have been a very strong dollar and what is becoming a stronger dollar."

Outside of the 30-company Dow, results were more upbeat. General Motors Co. said second-quarter profit rose sharply as U.S. customers continued to flock to profitable SUVs and crossover vehicles. Shares rose 5.8%.

A stream of better-than-expected corporate profits have helped to buoy stocks in recent weeks. The abating crisis over Greece's future in the eurozone has also helped calm investor nerves. So far in July, the S&P 500 has gained 2.5%, while the Dow is up 1.3%. The Nasdaq has rallied 4.2%, boosted by a rise in several high-profile technology stocks.

"With the overall macro situation a bit more calm in Greece and China, the market is digesting what's been better-than-expected corporate earnings for the most part in the U.S.," said Steven Rees, global head of equity strategy at J.P. Morgan Private Bank.

Another sign of the strengthening labor market was visible Thursday, when data showed jobless claims fell to a four-decade low. Claims fell by 26,000 to 255,000 in the week ended July 18, the lowest level since 1973. Economists surveyed by The Wall Street Journal had expected 278,000 new claims.

France's CAC-40 gained 0.2%, while Germany's DAX rose 0.1%. An early-morning vote in Greece's Parliament approved a second batch of economic overhauls demanded by creditors, paving the way for bailout talks.

The slump in commodities prices showed signs of abating. Gold futures added 0.3% to $1094.50 an ounce. Crude-oil futures rose 0.6% to $49.49 a barrel.

In other earnings news, Comcast Corp. said its second-quarter profit rose 7.3%, boosted by the movie "Jurassic World" and revenue growth at its broadband and business services divisions. Still, shares lost 2%.

Qualcomm Corp. said late Wednesday it would cut spending by $1.4 billion and consider restructuring its operations, as the company disclosed a 47% drop in quarterly profit. Shares fell 3.5%.

Also after the bell on Wednesday, SanDisk Corp. reported steep drops in profit and revenue for its second quarter. Results came in above Wall Street expectations and shares soared 18%.

The yield on the 10-year Treasury note rose slightly to 2.330% as prices fell.

Write to Saumya Vaishampayan at saumya.vaishampayan@wsj.com and Dan Strumpf at daniel.strumpf@wsj.com

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