By Ilan Brat 

Starbucks Corp. reported stronger sales and sharply higher profit in its latest quarter, an early indication that its financial results may emerge unscathed from the social-media-fueled backlash to its efforts to spur conversations on race relations.

Chief Financial Officer Scott Maw pinpointed several factors that drove the company's performance in the period, including 3% growth in traffic world-wide, continued expansion in China and a 4% increase in the overall size of customer purchases. More buyers traded up to premium foods and beverages, including Starbucks's new flat white coffee drink, he said.

Net income climbed 16% in the fiscal second quarter ended March 29, and revenue increased 18%--both about in line with analyst expectations. Sales at stores open at least a year climbed 7% world-wide. Mr. Maw said the quarterly results would have been stronger without a 2% drag on revenue and earnings from the effect of converting foreign currencies to a U.S. dollar that is much stronger than a year ago.

"The core business is really firing on all cylinders," he said.

Shares, up 20.5% this year to $49.43 through Thursday's close, jumped 5.5% in after-hours trading.

The quarter covered only a couple of weeks of Starbucks's "Race Together" initiative to encourage conversations about U.S. race relations, begun in mid-March, but there was no indication that the move to wade into the complex and divisive issue hurt sales.

While some consumers and pundits applauded the Race Together effort, some critics said it was trying to capitalize on recent racially charged controversies in the country. Others said that trying to inject race into the rapid-fire buying and selling of coffee and pastries was ham-handed.

In late March, Starbucks Chief Executive Howard Schultz, in a letter to employees, said, "I know this hasn't been easy for any of you--let me assure you that we didn't expect universal praise," adding that "starting this dialogue is what matters most. We are learning a lot. And will always aim high in our efforts to make a difference on the issues that matter most."

Mr. Schultz has said he intends to continue the Race Together campaign and focus on building new Starbucks stores in relatively low-income areas. In a speech on Wednesday, he said he would open a store in Ferguson, Mo., the site of protests last year after a police officer killed an unarmed African-American man.

On Thursday, in a statement, Mr. Schultz nodded at the Race Together campaign and other politically sensitive efforts the company has undertaken in the U.S. in recent years, including saying guns would no longer be welcome in Starbucks stores in the U.S. He said he aimed to continue to boost profit "always through the lens of humanity."

For the period ended in March, Starbucks reported a profit of $495 million, or 33 cents a share, up from $427 million, or 28 cents a share, a year earlier. The result was in line with analyst predictions. Revenue increased 18% to $4.56 billion, slightly above analyst expectations of $4.53 billion.

Sales at company-operated stores open at least 13 months in the Americas region, which includes the U.S., rose 7% during the latest quarter as traffic grew by 2%. Starbucks's comparable sales world-wide also rose 7%, with a 3% traffic increase.

Angela Chen contributed to this article.

Write to Ilan Brat at ilan.brat@wsj.com

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