By David Benoit 

Stock index provider MSCI Inc. rejected activist investor ValueAct Capital Management LP's request to join its board, ValueAct said, bucking a trend in which companies have lately succumbed to such overtures.

ValueAct Chief Executive Jeffrey Ubben said in a letter filed publicly Monday that he first requested the board seat at New York-based MSCI in August. ValueAct offered up an "extensive reference list" from 37 boards on which the investment firm has held board seats, and MSCI told the activist it didn't follow up on any of them, the letter said. ValueAct, which first disclosed a position in 2012, now owns an 8.3% stake.

In a statement, MSCI said it "appreciates and values input from its shareholders" and has "had extensive interactions with ValueAct since their initial investment in MSCI over two years ago. The MSCI Board has carefully considered ValueAct's views regarding the Company, including their ideas on director representation. MSCI has delivered significant value to shareholders."

MSCI shares are up 9.4% over the past 12 months, just shy of the S&P 500. In September, the company outlined plans to return about $1 billion in capital to investors by the end of 2016. That included the company's first quarterly dividend along with share repurchases.

The letter marks a rare public escalation for ValueAct, which has been credited with congenial relations with corporate targets. In 2013, it gained a board seat at previously clubby Microsoft Corp. without so much as the whisper of a fight.

The letter to MSCI doesn't actually threaten a board fight, an approach typical for other activists. It also widely praises the company and its brands, though it is critical of the company's margins. The letter was released "as a last resort out of great frustration," it says. In addition to its index benchmarks, MSCI provides investor risk-management tools. It has a market capitalization of about $5 billion.

MSCI's rejection comes amid trends in which more companies have been opening their boardrooms to activists, as other shareholders increasingly support activists in fights for board seats. In 2014, more than 73% of proxy fights wound up with the activist settling for or winning at least one board seat, according to data tracker FactSet.

Boards have seemed particularly willing to welcome activists who are viewed as more constructive rather than antagonistic. ValueAct has earned the former reputation, with Mr. Ubben calling other activists too shortsighted.

In August 2013, Microsoft's granting of a board seat to Mr. Ubben's partner Mason Morfit was widely viewed as a watershed moment for activists, and for ValueAct. The firm held less than 1% of the stock, and Microsoft had never given a board seat to a shareholder in such a fashion.

Still, corporate advisers say giving board seats to dissidents is concerning for many directors, and many boards still say no if they view the activist's ideas as off base.

Tess Stynes contributed to this article.

Write to David Benoit at david.benoit@wsj.com

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