By David Benoit 

Starboard Value LP is calling for office-supply chains Staples Inc. and Office Depot Inc. to merge in a letter it plans to release Tuesday, the first time the activist has publicly declared itself in support of a tie-up of the rivals since taking a stake in Staples last month.

The investor owns a roughly 6% stake in Staples and around 10% of Office Depot.

In a letter to Staples, reviewed by The Wall Street Journal, the activist says the cost cuts in a combination could more than double operating profits and that the two chains could be more efficient about closing stores when combined.

Starboard's letter says it has met with management of both companies to urge the deal and says if Staples management doesn't seriously pursue the transaction it would be "a clear sign that significant leadership change is needed at Staples."

Representatives from Staples and Office Depot weren't immediately available for comment Tuesday.

Staples last week announced changes to its board, adding a Google Inc. executive as a new director and changing lead independent directors. The company also said it would take a step toward separating the chairman and chief executive roles, currently held by Ron Sargent. Mr. Sargent also declined to accept a raise.

Starboard's letter applauded those moves, though it said the step to separate the chairman and CEO jobs came long after shareholders voted for such a change last year. The activist said those announcements spurred it to release its letter publicly.

At Staples, the deadline to nominate board members or start a proxy fight is in early March.

Shares of Staples and Office Depot each slipped in morning Tuesday. Overall, Staples is up 17% since Starboard announced its stake in December, while Office Depot has risen 19%.

Write to David Benoit at david.benoit@wsj.com

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